物流方面的英文参考论文文献

物流服务 Logistics Service 物流质量 Logistics Quality LogisticsLogistics is the management of the flow of goods, information and other resources, including energy and people, between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet the requirements of consumers (frequently, and originally, military organizations). Logistics involve the integration of information, transportation, inventory, warehousing, material-handling, and and definitionThe term "logistics" originates from the ancient Greek "λόγος" ("logos"—"ratio, word, calculation, reason, speech, oration").Logistics is considered to have originated in the military's need to supply themselves with arms, ammunition and rations as they moved from their base to a forward position. In ancient Greek, Roman and Byzantine empires, there were military officers with the title ‘Logistikas’ who were responsible for financial and supply distribution Oxford English dictionary defines logistics as: “The branch of military science having to do with procuring, maintaining and transporting material, personnel and facilities.”Another dictionary definition is: "The time related positioning of resources." As such, logistics is commonly seen as a branch of engineering which creates "people systems" rather than "machine systems"....LogisticianLogistician is the profession in the logistics & transport sectors, including sea, air, land and rail modes. Professional qualifications for the logisticians can carry post-nominal letters. Common examples include FCILT/CMILT/MILT (by The Chartered Institute of Logistics & Transport) (CILT), EJLog/ESLog/EMLog (by European Logistics Association) (ELA), PLog (by Canadian Professional Logistics Institute), CML/CPL (by International Society of Logistics) (SOLE), JrLog/Log/SrLog (by China Federation of Logistics & Purchasing) (CFLP), FHKLA/MHKLA (by Hong Kong Logistics Association) (HKLA), PLS/CTL/DLP (by American Society of Transportation & Logistics) (AST&L). However, some universities and academic institutions do help in producing logisticians, by offering academic degree programmes at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels, logisticsIn military logistics, logistics officers manage how and when to move resources to the places they are needed. In military science, maintaining one's supply lines while disrupting those of the enemy is a crucial—some would say the most crucial—element of military strategy, since an armed force without resources and transportation is defeat of the British in the American War of Independence, and the defeat of Erwin Rommel in World War II, have been largely attributed to logistical failure.[citation needed] The historical leaders Hannibal Barca, Alexander the Great and the Duke of Wellington are considered to have been logistical field within logistics is called Medical managementLogistics management is that part of the supply chain which plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers' requirements. A professional working in the field of logistics management is called a Chartered Institute of Logistics & Transport (CILT) was established in the United Kingdom in 1919 and was granted the Royal Charter in 1926. The Chartered Institute is one of professional bodies or institutions for the logistics & transport sectors, that offers such professional qualification or degree in logistics Management SoftwareSoftware is used for logistics automation which helps the supply chain industry in automating the work flow as well as management of the system. There are very few generalized software available in the new market in the said topology. This is because there is no rule to generalize the system as well as work flow even though the practice is more or less the same. Most of the commercial companies do use one or the other custom there are various software that are being used within the departments of logistics. Few department in Logistics are namely, Conventional Department, Container department, Warehouse, Marine Engineering, Heavy haulage, softwares that are used in these departments are,Conventional department : CVT software / CTMS software /Container Trucking: CTMS software /Warehouse : WMS /Business logisticsLogistics as a business concept evolved only in the 1950s. This was mainly due to the increasing complexity of supplying one's business with materials and shipping out products in an increasingly globalized supply chain, calling for experts in the field who are called Supply Chain Logisticians. This can be defined as having the right item in the right quantity at the right time at the right place for the right price and is the science of process and incorporates all industry sectors. The goal of logistics work is to manage the fruition of project life cycles, supply chains and resultant business, logistics may have either internal focus (inbound logistics), or external focus (outbound logistics) covering the flow and storage of materials from point of origin to point of consumption (see supply chain management). The main functions of a qualified logistician include inventory management, purchasing, transportation, warehousing, consultation and the organizing and planning of these activities. Logisticians combine a professional knowledge of each of these functions so that there is a coordination of resources in an organization. There are two fundamentally different forms of logistics. One optimizes a steady flow of material through a network of transport links and storage nodes. The other coordinates a sequence of resources to carry out some logisticsThe term is used for describing logistic processes within an industry. The purpose of production logistics is to ensure that each machine and workstation is being fed with the right product in the right quantity and quality at the right point in issue is not the transportation itself, but to streamline and control the flow through the value adding processes and eliminate non-value adding ones. Production logistics can be applied in existing as well as new plants. Manufacturing in an existing plant is a constantly changing process. Machines are exchanged and new ones added, which gives the opportunity to improve the production logistics system accordingly. Production logistics provides the means to achieve customer response and capital logistics is getting more and more important with the decreasing batch sizes. In many industries (. mobile phone) batch size one is the short term aim. This way even a single customer demand can be fulfilled in an efficient way. Track and tracing, which is an essential part of production logistics - due to product safety and product reliability issues - is also gaining importance especially in the automotive and the medical industry.物流，最早是在二战中，围绕战争物资供应，美国军队建立的「后勤」（Logistics）理论为原型的。当时的「后勤」是指将战时物资生产、采购、运输、配给等活动作为一个整体进行统一布置，以求战略物资补给的费用更低、速度更快、服务更好。后来，将“后勤”体系移植到现代经济生活中，才逐步演变为今天的物流。物流系统也可像互联网般，促进全球化。在贸易上，若要更进一步与世界连系，就得靠良好的物流管理系统。我们手上的商品很多是‘游历’各国后才来到的。原料可能来自马来西亚和泰国，加工可能在新加坡，生产却在中国，最后才入口到美国。产品的「游历」”路线就是由物流师计划、组织、指挥、协调、控制和监督，使各项物流活动实现最佳的协调与配合，以降低物流成本，提高物流效率和经济效益。目标就是要快且低开销。物流是一个控制原材料、制成品、产成品和信息的系统。 物质资料从供给者到需求者的物理运动，是创造时间价值、场所价值和一定的加工价值的活动。 物流是指物质实体从供应者向需求者的物理移动，它由一系列创造时间价值和空间价值的经济活动组成，包括运输、保管、配送、包装、装卸、流通加工及物流信息处理等多项基本活动，是这些活动的统一。 [编辑] 物流师物流师（Logistician）即是负责物流系统管理的专才。物流师就是一个专家，地位与会计师、律师、医生或工程师同等。1919年，英国成立了专业的物流组织，并在7年的时间内 (1926年)，就取得英皇的认同，成立了英国皇家特许物流与运输专院 (The Chartered Institute of Logistics & Transport) (CILT)。英国皇家特许物流与运输专院院士 (Chartered Member) 就是一个专业物流师。如今，世界上也有其他专业的物流组织，如欧洲专业物流协会 (European Logistics Association) (ELA)，香港物流协会 (Hong Kong Logistics Association) (HKLA)，中国物流与采购联合会 (China Federation of Logistics & Purchasing) (CFLP)，美国国际专业物流协会 (International Society of Logistics) (SOLE) 及 美国运输与物流协会 (American Society of Transportation & Logistics) (AST&L) 所检定及认可的专业物流师。物流管理物流管理是指在社会再生产过程中，根据物质资料实体流动的规律，应用管理的基本原理和科学方法，对物流活动进行计划、组织、指挥、协调、控制和监督，使各项物流活动实现最佳的协调与配合，以降低物流成本，提高物流效率和经济效益。如今，物流管理的专业知识被运用在贸易上，连系了整个世界。参见第一方物流 第二方物流 第三方物流 第四方物流 第五方物流 供应链 物流管理 后勤学（军事物流学） 物流系统论 现代物流技术 集装单元装卸搬运技术 散料装卸搬运技术 自动仓储系统技术 流通加工技术 物流包装技术 物流信息技术 条码技术 EDI技术 地理信息系统GIS 全球卫星定位系统GPS 智能交通系统ITS 射频识别RFID 可追溯性 (物流) 物流企业

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E-business environment under the logistics and distributionAbstract: e-commerce under the logistics and distribution will help reduce production business inventories and accelerate capital turnover, enhance logistics efficiency and reduce logistics costs, and stimulate the social needs and is conducive to the whole community's macro-control and promote the healthy operation of the market economy and electronic Business to develop in depth. Key words: e-commerce distributionFirst, China's development of logistics distribution E-commerce logistics entity is the core issue of the distribution items. China, as a developing country, the logistics industry to its late start, low level, the introduction of e-commerce, e-commerce did not have to support the activities of the modern logistics level. However, since e-commerce in China to settle down, people did not stop distribution of the discussion. At present, China mainly three types of e-commerce distribution model, is a full distribution system, that is, the domestic Internet-based, to various regions of the country's logistics system has been linked by agreement, a comprehensive distribution network for the entire process straight . The second category is a regional system of a single business model. Partial to the original business of a single regional distribution site for the base and be integrated, similar to a single business to business services, computer networking, the entire system of networking, and automated management. The third category is professional distribution system of the model. Such as postal communications, railway transport, air, water, Qiyun and other departments have been the perfect use of the national transport network resources to carry out specialized distribution. From across the country, China has long been subject to the impact of the planned economy, low levels of social logistics, logistics management system confusion, the existing three categories of e-commerce distribution model is not yet ripe, efficiency is not high, but in the red. Therefore, the need for China's economic development, enterprise reform and development of e-commerce logistics and distribution, learn from developed countries through the road and experience from China in 1992 began a logistics distribution center of the experimental work. In 1996 the Internal Trade issued "on strengthening the commercial development of logistics distribution center construction work of the notice," pointed out the development and construction of logistics distribution center the importance of the proposed development and construction of the guiding ideology and principle, put forward the "mechanisms and intensive Management, improve the function of the development of the logistics and enhance strength "of the reform and development principles, to establish modern logistics distribution center to change the social construction of logistics distribution centers, the development of modern network as the main direction. Second, China's logistics and distribution patterns and problems of At present, China's increased the number of e-commerce sites, transactions involving goods of daily necessities and other non-consumables, and on its e-commerce distribution model, can be divided into three types, namely operating BtoB (business to business) business model, BtoC (Business to consumers) model and the virtual logistics company model, in practice, although these three models get the recognition and application of common, but in e-commerce and distribution of convergence and optimal operation, there are still many problems, reflected in concrete : China's current social low level of information networks, network infrastructure is relatively weak, especially as e-commerce platform for the delivery and billing infrastructure lags behind, the computer penetration rate low rate of Internet users only about 8 percent and are mainly concentrated in major cities , The use of Internet users in the real rate of online shopping less than percent, electronic shopping credit has not been widely recognized. The understanding of the importance of e-commerce logistics enough. Availability of the overall level of enterprise network low ratio of less than Internet companies, logistics enterprise information construction lagged behind, logistics and distribution of specialization, social, electronic, modern low level. There have been serious problems of poor business reputation, late delivery, delivery or do not send the wrong frequent phenomenon. E-commerce logistics infrastructure is not yet perfect, logistics systems theory is not enough, the logistics technology is still very backward, China's logistics workers and practice the theory of modern logistics of the new theories, new technologies, such as integrated supply chain management, third party logistics, automation Warehouse, automatic sorting system, global positioning system (GPS), and so has just contacted. Jidong of the lack of e-commerce and e-commerce technology has practical experience in human resources, in particular the lack of Jidong e-commerce and logistics distribution to understand the innovative spirit of the compound talents. Third, logistics and healthy development of the countermeasure 1. Enhance the degree of information. Distribution of information for performance: the logistics of the database of information collection and code, the logistics of the electronic information processing and computer, the transmission of information and the standardization of real-time logistics information such as the digital storage. Therefore, the bar-code technology, database technology, electronic ordering system, electronic data exchange, radio frequency technology, management information systems, enterprise resource planning, and other advanced management strategy should be in China's logistics and distribution enterprises to promote use. Information is all modern technology and management tools of the foundation, only to achieve distribution of information can take up to the era of e-commerce distribution industry and historic task. 2. Improve the logistics management system, improve service quality. Internet shopping for the delivery time is too long and has yet to supply the phenomenon as e-commerce company in order to better serve customers, suppliers and customers should be strengthened between the exchange of information and feedback. This will save users to order processing fees, users can also save time and gradually raise awareness of online shopping sense of trust, making good steady development of e-commerce. 3. Distribution lower prices. China's large-scale development of e-commerce online shopping has been difficult, logistics and distribution costs high, especially in the type of Internet transactions, for each client to achieve door-to-door is the high cost, we must work hard to reduce costs, e-commerce solution Logistics and distribution companies and distribution services among enterprises in the prices of contradictions. 4. Perfect laws and policies. E-commerce for the logistics and distribution problems, the relevant government departments should actively study the characteristics of e-commerce, the rapid development of targeted laws, regulations and policies to regulate e-commerce activities, enterprises and consumers in general to increase the confidence of e-commerce Flu. 5. Actively developing third-party logistics enterprises. "TPL" refers to the logistics business from the supply side and demand-side beyond the completion of a third party, in a sense that it is a form of logistics professionalism, "third-party logistics" in logistics management experience, Talent, technology, philosophy and other areas have certain advantages, the e-commerce transactions in both supply and demand of all the logistics activities of agent credentials, well-funded third-party logistics, the logistics can take full advantage of modern technology, is built on the foundation of modern information network technology On the logistics management software to ensure that customers at any time and any place check of goods and provision of supporting services, e-commerce transactions between the parties involved in the logistics can be entrusted to professional logistics enterprises, concentrate on developing the electronics market and business efficiency of the e-commerce BtoB transactions. The establishment of a national logistics public information platform, the development of 4PL. 4PL is a supply chain integrator, mobilization and management organizations and their complementarity of the service provider's resources, capacity and technology to provide an integrated supply chain solutions. Clearly, 4PL must meet three conditions: not the interests of the logistics side, to achieve information sharing, the ability to integrate all the logistics resources. And really meet these conditions, only a virtual network of platforms, and this is the logistics and public information platform. It provides comprehensive supply chain solutions to social integration of logistics resources, enhance the country's logistics industry integrated collaborative capabilities.电子商务环境下的物流配送摘要：电子商务下的物流配送既有利于减少生产企业库存，加速资金周转，提高物流效率，降低物流成本，又刺激了社会需求，有利于整个社会的宏观调控，促进市场经济的健康运行及电子商务向纵深发展。关键词：电子商务 物流 配送一、我国物流配送发展概况 电子商务物流的核心问题是实体物品的配送。我国作为一个发展中国家，物流业起步较晚，水平低，在引进电子商务时，并不具备能够支持电子商务活动的现代化物流水平。但自从电子商务在中国落户，人们就没有停止对物流配送问题的讨论。目前，我国主要有三类电子商务物流配送模式，一类是全程物流配送系统，即以国内互联网为基础，把全国各地区已有的物流系统通过协议联系起来，形成全方位的全程直投配送网。第二类是区域性单一业务系统改造模式。以原有局部区域性单一业务的配送站点为基础，并加以集成，把单一业务改为同类业务服务，通过计算机联网，实现整个系统的网络化、自动化管理。第三类是专业化配送系统改造模式。如邮政通讯、铁运、空运、水运、汽运等部门利用已有的完善的全国性运输网络资源进行专业化配送。从全国范围来看，我国长期以来受计划经济的影响，物流社会化程度低，物流管理体制混乱，已有的三类电子商务物流配送模式还不成熟，效率不高，而且处于亏损状态。因此，针对我国经济发展需要、企业改革及电子商务物流配送发展现状，借鉴发达国家走过的道路和经验，我国从1992年起开始了物流配送中心的试点工作。1996年原国内贸易部发出了《关于加强商业物流配送中心发展建设工作的通知》，指出了发展建设物流配送中心的重要意义，提出发展建设的指导思想和原则，同时提出了“转换机制、集约经营、完善功能、发展物流、增强实力”的改革与发展方针，确定以向现代化物流配送中心转变，建设社会化的物流配送中心，发展现代化网络为主要方向。 二、我国物流配送模式及存在的问题 目前我国电子商务网站数量大增，交易商品涉及日用品及其他非易耗品等，就其电子商务物流配送模式而言，可分为三种类型，分别是经营BtoB（商家对商家）业务的模式、BtoC（商家对消费者）的模式以及虚拟物流公司模式，在实践中这三种模式虽然得到共同的认同与应用，但在电子商务与物流配送的接轨和优化运行上还存在许多问题，具体体现在： 中国目前的社会信息网络化水平低，网络基础设施相对薄弱，特别是作为电子商务平台的传递和结算基础设施滞后，计算机普及率低，网民比率只有8%左右，并主要集中在各大中城市，网民中真正采用网上购物的比率不到，电子购物的信用没有得到广泛认同。 对电子商务物流的重要性认识不够。供货企业网络化整体水平低，上网企业比率不足，物流企业信息化建设滞后，物流配送的专业化、社会化、电子化、现代化程度低。 存在严重的商业信誉差的问题，迟送、送错或不送现象时有发生。 电子商务物流基础尚不完善，物流理论还不够系统，物流技术还很落后，我国物流理论工作者和实践者对现代物流的新理论、新技术，如集成化供应链管理、第三方物流、自动化立体仓库、全自动分拣系统、全球定位系统（GPS）等才刚刚接触。 缺乏既懂电子商务理论和技术又有电子商务实践经验人才，尤其缺乏既懂电子商务又懂物流配送的有创新精神的复合型人才。三、物流配送健康发展的对策 1.提高信息化程度。物流配送信息化表现为：物流信息收集的数据库化和代码化、物流信息处理的电子化和计算机化、信息传递的标准化和实时化、物流信息存储的数字化等。因此,条码技术、数据库技术、电子订货系统、电子数据交换、射频技术、管理信息系统、企业资源计划等先进的管理策略，应在我国的物流配送企业大力推广运用。信息化是一切现代技术和管理手段的基础，只有实现物流配送信息化,才能承担起电子商务时代赋予物流配送业的历史任务。 2.完善物流管理系统功能,提高售后服务质量。针对网上购物出现的送货时间过长以及迟迟没有货源的现象，作为电子商务公司为了能更好的服务于顾客，应加强顾客和供货商之间信息的交流与反馈。这样可以给用户节约订单处理费用，又可以节约用户的时间，逐渐提高人们对网上购物的信任感，使得电子商务良性稳步发展。 3.降低配送服务价格。我国发展电子商务实现大规模的网上购物一直困难重重，物流配送费用偏高，特别是零售型的网上交易，为每个客户实现送货上门是高成本的，必须努力降低成本，解决电子商务公司与物流配送企业之间在配送服务价格方面的矛盾。 4.完善法律政策。针对电子商务物流配送出现的种种问题，政府有关部门应该积极研究电子商务的特点，迅速制定有针对性地法律、法规和政策，以规范电子商务活动，增加企业和广大消费者对电子商务的信任感。 5.积极发展第三方物流企业。“第三方物流”是指物流由商务的供方、需方之外的第三方完成,从某种意义上说它是物流专业化的一种形式，“第三方物流”一般在物流管理经验、人才、技术、理念等方面都具有一定的优势,对电子商务交易中供求双方的所有物流活动进行全权代理，同时第三方物流资金雄厚,可以充分利用现代物流技术,具有建立在现代信息网络技术基础上的物流管理软件,保证客户在任何时间、任何地点查看货物及提供配套的服务，参与电子商务交易的双方可以把物流委托给专业物流企业,专心于电子市场的开拓和商务效率的提高电子商务BtoB交易模式。 建立全国物流公共信息平台，发展第四方物流。第四方物流是一个供应链集成商，它调集和管理组织自己的以及具有互补性的服务提供商的资源、能力和技术，以提供一个综合的供应链解决方案。显然，第四方物流必须满足三个条件：不是物流的利益方、能实现信息共享、有能力整合所有的物流资源。而真正满足这些条件的只有一种虚拟的物流网平台，这就是全国物流公共信息平台。它能提供综合的供应链解决方案，以整合社会物流资源，提高我国物流产业的综合协同能力。

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