成语方面论文参考文献

成语论文所谓成语是语言中经过长期使用、锤炼而形成的固定短语。它是比词大而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位。成语一般都是四字格式，不是四字的较少。如“五十步笑百步”、“ 欲速则不达”、“ 醉翁之意不在酒”。成语一般用四个字，这与汉语本身句法结构和古汉语以单音词为主有关系。成语有很大一部分是从古代相承沿用下来的，在用词方面往往不同于现代汉语。其中有古书上的成句，也有从古人文章中压缩而成的词组，还有来自人民口里常说的习用语。有些意义从字面上可以理解，有些从字面上就不易理解,特别是典故性的。如“汗牛充栋”、“虎踞龙蟠”、“东山再起”、“草木皆兵”之类，在汉语成语里占有一定的比例。汉语历史悠久，成语特别多,这也是汉语的一个特点。成语是一种现成的话，跟习用语、谚语相近，但是也略有区别。最主要的一点是习用语和谚语是口语性质的，成语大都出自书面，属于文语性质的。其次在语言形式上，成语几乎都是约定俗成的四字结构，字面不能随意更换，而习用语和谚语总是松散一些,可多可少,不限于四个字。例如“快刀斩乱麻”、“九牛二虎之力”、“驴唇不对马嘴”、“前怕狼，后怕虎”，这是常说的习用语；“百闻不如一见”、“真金不怕火炼”、“有志者事竟成”、“路遥知马力，日久见人心”，这是一些经验之谈，表示一个完整的意思，属于谚语一类。成语跟习用语、谚语是不一样的。成语大都有一定的出处。如“狐假虎威”出于《战国策·楚策》，“鹬蚌相争”出于《燕策》，“画蛇添足”出于《齐策》，“刻舟求剑”出于《吕氏春秋·察今》，“自相矛盾”出于《韩非子·难势》，都是古代的寓言。在人民口里常说的一些四字习用语也可以归入成语里来。如“咬文嚼字”、“拖泥带水”、“阳奉阴违”、“不三不四”、“心直口快”之类，与成语的结构相同。在成语中也有些是接受外来文化而出现的。如“天花乱坠”、“当头棒喝”、“不可思议”、“不二法门”都是。成语是我国5000多年的文化凝结成的精华我们要学好它，用好它成语很多都出自故事。且成语都有很多深刻的道理。比如春秋时，有个叫叶公的人，他总是吹嘘自己喜欢龙，他的衣服上绣着龙，器物上刻着龙，家里到处都摆着龙，他自己也认为他是喜欢龙的，可是，当有一天晚上，龙真的来到他面前的时候，他却吓得要死。这则寓言讽刺一些人，他们表面上爱好某种事物，实际上并不能真心喜欢或是并没有真正搞懂这种事物。其实生活中这样的人真是不少，他们在很多事情上都表现得叶公好龙。比如谈恋爱，有些人口口声声说是喜欢优秀的人，想找一个优秀的人，但是，当优秀的人真的来到他的面前，他又有些畏惧了，畏缩了，怕什么呢？无非是想，以后难以驾驭，不好把握，等等。这真是大可不必的，如果，两个人一开始想到的就是驾驭对方，控制对方，或是害怕以后对方压制自己，那么这样的开端必然会导致想象中的结果，有时候，事情就是这样，它恰恰朝着你担忧的方向走去，因为你下意识的举动不断影射、反映你下意识的忧虑，结果可想而知，一场说不清道不明的控制与反控制的战争。何谈情爱？但是现在很多人都这样矛盾着，找一个普通平庸的吧，觉得生活没意思，不甘心，找一个比较优秀的吧，又害怕把握不了，缺乏包容心。没错，包容心，优秀的人实际上也需要包容，不管在哪方面优秀的人，恐怕都有一定的个性，也就是不同寻常之处。只有在一定的环境下，他们才能充分发挥，尽展才华，而这种环境和提供这种环境的人，很重要。所以，良好的家庭环境、良好的工作环境甚至良好的社会环境，才容易出人才。如果我们想结交一些优秀的人，首先应该有一定的包容性和宽松的心态，而不能一上来就针对他们的个性，并企图磨灭这种所谓的“强势”，须知，真正懂得喜欢一个优秀的人，是让他在你这里，依然优秀，甚至更优秀。如果，他在你这里枯萎了，平庸了，那真是你的过错啊。所以，当我们喜欢一种事物的时候，真的应该好好想一想，我们是否已经具备了喜欢它的能力，次之，是否具备了包容它的心胸。不管是龙，还是人。成语是我国5000多年的文化凝结成的精华。它所含的内容博大精深，寓意很是丰富。不管对我们生活还是学习，工作都有很大的影响和教育意义。当然它对我们如何做人如何处理事情等方面都有它独特的见解。因此成语是我国古代的文化结晶和优良传统，我们要好好的学习并加以运用到实际中去。只有这样才真真的理解了，读懂了成语。切不可纸上谈兵的方式去理解和掌握成语。若是那样的话，成语就失去了他的本身含义了。因此我们要好好的学习它，让它在世界之艺术和语言中屹立不倒，成为一道中华独特的文化风景！！！

建议你写一篇《成语中的儒家文化》可以将四书五经中的成语进行分类，然后提出几个分论点，围绕“仁义礼智信”这个中心论点去写，一定能成功的。自己写才更有意义，你说呢？

Photographs: Walden Pond - Past & Present Walden, The Place - By Ronald Wesley Hoag Thoreau's own 1846 survey map of Walden Pond A ghostly Encounter - poem by Amy Belding Brown The Walden Woods of Thoreau's Youth - an early map From Google Earth - what Walden looks like from space Thoreau quotes, mostly from Walden, with links to their sources Search for words or phrases in Walden in the Princeton Text Archive For the more obscure words - Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913 Edition "Our problem today is that we have allowed the internal to become lost in the external ... So much of modern life can be summarized in that arresting dictum of the poet Thoreau: 'Improved means to an unimproved end'." - Martin Luther King, Jr., Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1964 "In Walden, Thoreau ... opens the inner frontier of self-discovery as no American book had up to this time. As deceptively modest as Thoreau's ascetic life, it is no less than a guide to living the classical ideal of the good life. Both poetry and philosophy, this long poetic essay challenges the reader to examine his or her life and live it authentically." - Kathryn VanSpanckeren "The best and most Romantic memoir an American has produced is Walden — though nobody calls it one. ... What Thoreau has to overcome during his time in the woods is not a lapse in mental health. His great problem is to escape the mental health of his neighbors, their collection-plate opinions, their studious repetition of gossip ... There's not a note in the book of self-pity, or nostalgia. And why did he quit his cabin in the end?

这是找的一篇论文后面这么写的，用的是英文，不过你需要的似乎是中文式的Photographs: Walden Pond - Past & Present Walden, The Place - By Ronald Wesley Hoag Thoreau's own 1846 survey map of Walden Pond A ghostly Encounter - poem by Amy Belding Brown The Walden Woods of Thoreau's Youth - an early map From Google Earth - what Walden looks like from space Thoreau quotes, mostly from Walden, with links to their sources Search for words or phrases in Walden in the Princeton Text Archive For the more obscure words - Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913 Edition "Our problem today is that we have allowed the internal to become lost in the external ... So much of modern life can be summarized in that arresting dictum of the poet Thoreau: 'Improved means to an unimproved end'." - Martin Luther King, Jr., Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1964 "In Walden, Thoreau ... opens the inner frontier of self-discovery as no American book had up to this time. As deceptively modest as Thoreau's ascetic life, it is no less than a guide to living the classical ideal of the good life. Both poetry and philosophy, this long poetic essay challenges the reader to examine his or her life and live it authentically." - Kathryn VanSpanckeren "The best and most Romantic memoir an American has produced is Walden — though nobody calls it one. ... What Thoreau has to overcome during his time in the woods is not a lapse in mental health. His great problem is to escape the mental health of his neighbors, their collection-plate opinions, their studious repetition of gossip ... There's not a note in the book of self-pity, or nostalgia. And why did he quit his cabin in the end? 'It seemed to me that I had several more lives to live.'" - Benjamin Kunkel