发布时间：
A gospel of life 2, with spiritual reading chapter 3, Heaven 4, who is Jesus, 5, God is the only salvation, good people need to believe in Christ do? 6, the taste of grace 7, where the direction of 8, the eternal life, 9, very good information 10, crosses the love of 11, why should Jesus Christ 12, the Christian scientists 13, kingdom of heaven is near 14, why do some of the devotees are not how good15, human beings are superior to there sentence Naishi
18.巴斯奈特，苏珊。翻译研究 （修订本）。Methu 陈文有限公司，1998年。19.哈提姆，罗勒和梅森、 伊恩。话语和翻译。朗文 1990年，集团英国。20.纽，翻译体育体育方法。柏加马，牛津，1982年。21.纽，体育体育一本教科书的翻译。伦敦: 普伦蒂斯大厅，1988年。22.奈达、 尤金 · A.语言、 文化和翻译，上海外语教育出版社，1993。23.奈达，尤金 · A.科学的翻译。莱顿 E.J.布里尔，1964年。24.奈达、 E.A.C.泰伯，理论与实践的 Transla 解释。布里尔 Lyden，1974年。25.Rojer T.钟。翻译和 Translationg： 理论与实践-盖饭。朗文、 伦敦和纽约，1991年。26.沙夫、 基督教和海伦凯利-福尔摩斯。》 的翻译的文化功能。多语言事务有限公司，1995年。27.泰、 A.散文翻译的原则。伦敦： 凹痕。日 1791 年。28.Wilss，钨。科学翻译的过程中。京特 · Narr 出版社 1982
是什么功课这么辛苦？ 要翻译全文可真要命。我不是历史专业的, 只能给你一些我个人翻译，供参考 ; )翻了下资料，在“The Messiah in the Old Testament”这本书中，作者在3000多条圣经词条中找到相关救世预言127项，其中65项直接描述了救世主降临。摘取两句：[(my book) ...examined 65 direct prophecies about the Messiah. These incredible promises formed one of the most central themes of the Old Testament: the coming Messiah.] [The word Messiah or Anointed One (or in Greek, Christ)...] 不是讨论内容，只是讨论下promise的意思。依上文来看promise指的是圣经里的许诺（或预言），承诺救世主（Messiah）基督会转世人间。=========================or that...承接的是上句的 how many people know (A or B) 也就是 how many people know that the promise of a ‘Messiah’ is Jewish? 有多少人知道圣经里提到的许诺（救世主耶稣降临人间）其实是个犹太人？born out of Jewish longing and distress, 出生自苦难的犹太人家庭，and that it means ‘the anointed one’, not ‘Son of God因此耶稣是受膏者而不是上帝之子全句翻译，又有多少人知道圣经里提到的许诺里（救世主耶稣降临人间）的救世主其实是个犹太人，出生自苦难的犹太人家庭，即耶稣是受膏者而不是上帝之子？
巴斯内特，苏珊。翻译研究（修订版）。 Methu -的UEN有限公司，1998。 19。哈廷姆，罗勒和梅森，伊恩。话语与译者。英国朗文集团有限公司，1990。 20。纽马克，体育体育翻译问题探讨。佩加蒙，牛津，1982年。 21。纽马克，页页的翻译教材。伦敦：Prentice Hall出版社，1988。 22。奈达，尤金答Languge，文化与翻译，上海外语教育出版社，1993。 23。奈达，尤金走向的翻译学答。 j的布里尔大肠杆菌莱顿，1964年。 24。奈达，环评与泰伯，C的理论与实践Transla - tion。布里尔莱登，1974。 25。 Rojer吨贝尔。翻译与Translationg：理论与区域动脉灌注-蒂斯。朗文出版社，伦敦和纽约，1991年。 26。沙夫纳，基督教和凯利，霍姆斯，海伦。埃德。翻译的文化功能。多种语言事项有限公司，1995。 27。泰特勒，对翻译的原则A.散文。伦敦：登特。 ，1791年。 28。 Wilss，钨。翻译的科学。冈特Narr出版社，1982。
论文（Paper）或：dissertation（论文）或：thesis（论文）经常说的：）~Englishdissertation(英语论文)Graduationthesis(毕业论文)
可以用谷歌翻译，把词组或语句译出来后，再去谷歌上面搜一下看有没有相关信息，如果有的话，就说明该词组或语句是对的。
“论文”一词的英文表达很多，通常因场合、用处不同而有不同的表达，下面罗列了几种，请楼主斟酌一下那一种是适合自己。*dissertation（博士学位）论文，（专题）论文，学术演讲：长而正式的论文，尤指大学里由博士学位攻读者所写的论文；学位论*disquisition专题论文；专题演讲，专题讨论：关于一个论题的正式讨论，常为书面形式*thesis命题论文：尤指出于获得学位的研究需要而改进原来观点以作为研究成果的论文*discourse（学术）讨论，研讨用的论文*paper作业形式的，为达到某一目的或效果（如学位）而写的
网上的都挺坑的 有道的还算好那么点点 建议你找个外语专业的学生帮你翻译了
摘要- Cobots是一类机器人的使用不断 无级变速发展高保真可编程 约束的表面。 Cobots消耗很少的电力 即使在提供高输出部队，其传输效率高众多的 传动比。 Cobotic变速箱也有能力 采取行动作为一个制动器或将成为完全免费。设计 和性能Cobotic手控制器，最近 发达国家六自由度触觉显示器，是审查。 这个装置表明，高动态范围和低功耗 消费实现的cobots 。彻底的比较 电源效率cobotic系统与传统的 机电系统提供。 三个关键要求机器人技术用于 假肢和康复是低体重，低功耗 消费和安全性。我们建议cobotic技术作为 传输架构，可以处理这些问题。 Cobots是机器人利用非完整约束 的指导车轮的相对速度有关的 机制的联系。阿cobotic传播是一个不断 无级变速器（无级变速器）之间的积极和消极 比率，可以涉及两个平移速度，两个 旋转速度，或旋转速度为平移 速度[ 1 ] 。我们最近推出了Cobotic手 控制器（图1 ） ，六自由度动力 合作机器人，并阐述其能力作为触觉界面[ 2 ， 3 ] 。通过本论文中，我们表明， 机械结构和传输中使用 Cobotic手控制器处理所有三个以上 上述要求的假肢和机器人 康复。
要自己去找字典的呀
[1]。Kilicaslan，T.巴尔干，SKIder，用灵活的繁荣，研究ofmobile起重机倾翻载荷SoundVib。 223（4）（1999）645-657。[2] Myklebust，电动机联动系统的动态响应在启动过程中，研究力学。德。 104（1982）137-142。[3] Smaili，M. Kopparapu，M. Sannah，直流的弹性动力学响应电机驱动与兼容的传动系统组件，灵活的机制，系统在启动过程中，机械。马赫。理论31（5）（1996）659-672。[4] H. Peeken，K.梅宁杰，Dynamische氪，Foordern和Heben 24（12）（1974）1143年至1147年aafte BEIM Drehen eines Mobilkranes。[5] K. Maczynski，S.沃伊切赫，斌diskretes参数及毛皮Teleskopdrehkrane楚Anylyse DER Bewegung DER最后BEIM Drehen DES Kranes，Hebezeuge和F€oordermittel 21（1981）333-337。[6]。Posiadala，B. Skalmierski，L. Tomski，由伸缩臂起重机，机械强迫运动带来的解除负荷的运动。马赫。 25理论（1990）547-555。[7] Posiadala议案解除负荷，机械，起重机支持系统的影响。马赫。 32（1）理论（1997）9-20。[8] W.S.M.刘K.H.低，连接到一台起重机，COMPUT暂停大规模的运动分析。结构。 52（1）（1994）169-178。[9]西澳Ğ€uunthner，M. Kleeberger，ZUM的展台DER Berechnung冯Gittermast-Fahrzeugkranen，登革出血热43（3）（1997）56-61。[10]。Kleeberger，Nichtlineare dynamische Berechnung的冯Gittermast，Fahrzeugkranen M€uunchen，Technische大学€AAT，学位论文，1996。[11] J.迈尔，Untersuchung楚nichtlinearen Berechnung dynamischer的贝拉斯-tungsvorga NGE，男€uunchen Turmdrehktanen技术高校€AAT，论文，1999。[12] G.Sun，BerechnungvonGittermast-Fahrzeugkranen的Unter BER€uucksichtigung DER Antriebs和Regelungssysteme，男€uunchen，技术大学：€AAT，论文，2001。[13]。Ğ€uunthner，Statische Berechnung的VOM Gittermast，Auslegerkranen麻省理工学院Hilfe finiter Turmelemente的Unter苏贝€uucksigtigung DER Elastizit€AAT DES Kranwagens和冯Messungen，M€uunchen，：Technische高校€AAT，论文，1985年。[14] K.佐藤Y.是Sakawa，灵活的旋转起重机，诠释的建模与控制。控制48（5）（1988）二零八五年至2105年。[15] T.古斯塔夫松，旋转起重机的建模与控制。在第三届欧洲控制会议，意大利罗马，1995年9月，第3085-3810。[16] Z.Towarek，Thedynamicstabilityofacranestandingonsoilduringtherotationoftheboom Int.J.Mech.Sci.40（6）（1998）557-574。[17] A.A.谢花，多体系统动力学，剑桥大学出版社，1998。[18] NDManring，GRLuecke，Modellinganddesigningahydrostatictransmissionwithafixed-displacementmotor研究DYN。 SYST。尺寸。控制120（45）（1998）45-49。[19] P. Dreansfield，液压控制系统。设计和分析他们的动态，施普林格出版社，1981。[20]阁下梅里特，液压控制系统，John Wiley出版社，纽约，1967年。
你好，给你找了3篇文章，请直接在此页面下载附件吧，这种研究的人应该比较少吧，我无现成翻译，希望对你的学习研究有所帮助，寻找不易，还望及时采纳答案哦！
1、Wampler C W. Manipulator inverse kinematic solutions based on vector formulations and damped least-squares methods[J]. Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE Transactions on
2、Nanda S K, Panda S, Subudhi P R S, et al. A novel application of artificial neural network for the solution of inverse kinematics controls of robotic manipulators[J]. International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications (IJISA),2012
3、Dulęba I, Opałka M. A comparison of Jacobian-based methods of inverse kinematics for serial robot manipulators[J]. International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, 2013
英汉大词典 旅游书籍 （英文版）
r u joking mate? 20000 characters!who the hell will do it for u.
这是关于旅游的好处的。。。Many people ponder what they should do for a vacation and I realized a lot of people don’t seem to share my views about traveling. I believe it’s very important to see the world and different cultures. It lets us open our minds to new things and we get to experience life in exiting different ways. Traveling gives us the opportunity to disconnect from our regular life. You get to forget your problems/issues for a few weeks, it can also help you figure things out that you would not have understood without the distance traveling can give you. We all have crazy schedules, work and a family to take care of, going away alone or with some friends can give you distance and perhaps even make you realize how important these people are for you. Like the saying says: we never know what we have until we lose it. Another great benefit is the relaxation you get to do. It’s nice to live life to its fullest and enjoy a stress free time with yourself. Going on vacation lets us recharge our “batteries” by disconnecting us from our regular life. When we come back we feel invigorated and we are happy to be back in our day to day routine. It’s a very good stress remover that has a lot more to give than most people are willing to accept.Traveling increases our knowledge and widens our perspective. To view new customs, different ways of living is fantastic for the mind. It gives us a new perspective about life and especially our life, it can help us change some of our habits or even create new ones. When I travel I usually make it a point to try new food, some cultures don’t have fries in their diet and they are all skinny, others use spices to give taste and not oils or fats. Discovering different values and ways to get by in life is really interesting. You also need to visit exotic new places and discover what this wonderful world has to offer.New experiences increase our resourcefulness by living situations you would never encounter at home, this is great experience for you when you come back to your routine. I have noticed that people who traveled a lot in life were ready to embrace change and have a natural ability of overcoming problems that others would frown upon. When traveling with friends or family it creates memories for a lifetime. These memories will create a bond that nothing can erase no matter what happens with the friendship/relationship. It can also give a new perspective on the relationship and cement the bond forever. It also gives nice stories to tell people afterwards, you can create photo albums about your trips and when you feel nostalgic you can take an hour of your life and experience the trips again by looking at your pictures. It’s never been this cheap to travel. With soaring oil prices the cheap travel era might be coming to an end. However there are still many budget airlines fighting for your dollar right now. With the internet and all the new technology, you can plan your trip exactly the way you want it. You can choose your budget, the duration of the trip and what you want to do. I suggest to read travel blogs and see what others are experiencing, you can save yourself a few hurdles by reading about their trip.If you have some time off I suggest to take that trip and experience what life has to offer. Don’t wait or tell yourself there will be a better time to go. Take the risk, the opportunity and buy your plane ticket right now and leave. When you come back you won’t be sorry that you left, on the contrary you will be thinking of your next trip the second you come back from the airport.
活动名称：探寻瑶族发源地—灌阳千家峒（级别2：美景+艰难+技巧）活动时间：五月二日到五月五日（四天）活动目的地：千家峒原始森林活动内容：观赏自然美景、摄影、野外露营、登山、挑战自我千家峒的传说：传说瑶族的始祖盘瓠是一只龙犬，帮助皇帝打败了对手，娶了三公主为妻，来到这里过起了世外桃源的生活。他们生下6男6女，皇上赐姓为：盘沈郑黄李邓周冯赵胡雷蒲。数百年后,这里发展到几千户人家、数万亩良田，生活富足。元朝年代，有人偶然路过这里，当作美事传说，不料竟招来灭顶之灾――官府进山收税。热情好客的瑶民家家轮流做东，款待官员，三年过去了，收税的还没走遍千家峒。官府以为他们被抗税瑶民杀了，进军围剿，血流成河……幸存者不得不逃离家园。临走时，千家峒的族人拿出一只牛角，锯成12节，每姓一节，发誓500年后，要让12节牛角重新接拢，返回千家峒团聚。然而，岁月流逝，历史变迁，千家峒的具体位置已被人淡忘。700年过去了，无数瑶民仍在寻找千家峒……1998年，据武汉大学宫哲兵教授及国家有关部门考证，这块位于都庞山脉广西灌阳县东部、湖南道县西部、江永县西北部的神秘土地就是瑶族同胞的发源地――千家峒。海拔2009米，从地形图上看，掩隐在茫茫原始森林中的千家峒是一个高山环抱的小小盆地；通往千家峒的山路，像高空摄影中的万里长城，绵延曲折，绕了半个灌阳县境。千家峒是一个神秘而又神圣的地方，古迹斑斑，田园犹在。放眼望去，夹在原始森林中的上万亩只长青草不长树木的土地，犹如正在耕种的田园，阡陌纵横，芳草青青，踏进这里，顿时有一种到家的感觉。第一天早上九点在桂林汽车站集中，乘车去灌阳，午餐，采购上山油盐柴米酱醋茶--4天晚餐需要的食品。到达千家峒自然保护区，开始徒步登山，傍晚到达原始森林边缘的最后一户人家，扎营，埋锅造饭，饮山泉吃野餐，艰难行程前的最后Fb。第二天早餐后，赏“牛鼻子出水”瀑布，黄泥江瀑布，开始艰难行程。傍晚扎营黑山漕，晚餐，品尝山村野味--腊肉土鸡野菜第三天早餐，整理装备，全力登顶，穿原始森林，渡道江河，攀古怪冲，抵达千家峒。赏高山草甸，观石山猴群，吃原汁原味都庞岭顶峰韭菜岭的野生韭菜！做一回真正与世隔绝的原始人：）第四天早餐，开始下撤，傍晚回到灌阳县城，腐败一顿以弥补多日的艰苦生活，乘车返回桂林。全程预计AA费用：200元左右/人（四天，多退少补）包含如下：交通费、向导费、森林保护费、山中四天野外晚餐及烧烤食品（如队员需要另请山民挑行装，费用由队员自负，约45元/天）俱乐部收取费用：公共器材费：5元/人/天活动组织费：非会员30元/人/天 会员10元/人/天领队工资： 非会员15元/人/天 会员5元/人/天说明：公共器材费及活动组织费、领队工资为俱乐部收取的经营成本费用。领队的AA费用由全体队员共同分担，原则上8个队员配一个领队个人自带物品：45升以上背包、野外食品8餐、登山鞋及备用鞋、睡袋、保暖衣物、防潮垫、帐篷，防雨服装、手电（建议使用头灯）、水壶（1升以上）、哨子、小刀、替换内外衣袜、个人常用药品、防晒用品、个人卫生用具、娱乐用品、防水袋、蛇药、个人餐具个人如需防潮垫及帐篷、睡袋，可向俱乐部租用，具体价格见装备出租价格单。俱乐部提供：防水天盖、营灯、备用炉具、垃圾袋、医药用品、烧烤用具考虑到山中实际情况，若全部吃自带干粮太过艰苦，准备每日晚餐时埋锅做饭，佐以腊肉土鸡野菜为食，充分补充体能，以便第二天能挑战新的艰苦环境，所以请大家携带好个人餐具。四天时间每日以坡度较大的狭窄山路为主，所以大家可以根据自己体力情况尽量携带轻便实用的物品。众所周知户外探险活动潜藏有不可预见的意外情况发生，请准备参加活动的人员充分了解这一危险性，在决定参加活动前参照自身情况综合考虑清楚。本俱乐部组织的户外活动只是一种自愿性质的AA制活动，并不能保证参加人员不会因突发情况意外受伤，建议个人向保险公司购买相应保险，当发生意外时，保险公司将按不同情况的理赔标准给予赔付，本俱乐部不另外承担赔付责任，但本俱乐部将尽一切努力进行救护与援助。每位队员必须与俱乐部签订自愿参加协议书，才能参加活动。
很高兴你向我求助提问这个题，我之前帮别人找过的关于发动机的许多英文文献，我发给你，十来篇吧，也不是很多，主要关键词为mobile engine，不过没有英语翻译，一般而言由于这些论文都是高质量的都是没有现成翻译的，因为毕业论文，自己翻译下也好，这样出来的论文也更有说服力些。已经发到你邮箱，注意查收下。如果觉得好，不要忘记了采纳哦。
详细研究了高温氧化行为的粉加工Ni3Al （燃烧合成（ CS ）的，被动压（反相） ， 和反应挤出（重新） ）在空气中在两个不同的温度（ 1000年和1200年◦ C ）作为400 H获得开展。日增重单位面积（ mg/cm2 ）由于氧化氮规模形成在某一接触时间t （ h ）和温度进行了讨论。热力学和动力学使用解释氧化机理。结果表明， Ni3Al合金加工用稀土显示优于高温氧化阻力相比，无论反相或CS - Ni3Al在1000年和1200年◦角氧化规模所造成的高温氧化的Ni3Al 包括内部层的Al2O3 （主要阶段的情况下可再生能源和RP ） ，中间层的NiAl2O4和外部规模，氧化镍（主要相对于铯Ni3Al在1000年和1200年◦ C ）来完成。双方XRD和SEM / EDS公司分析被用来确定氧化氮阶段后，目前高温氧化暴露于1200年◦ C的铯Ni3Al和重新Ni3Al在空气中后， 400小时
Motorvehicle suspension on the vehicle suspension system is a very important system.Not only does it affect the comfort of the car (ride), but also to otherproperties such as the adoption, as well as the stability of the attachmenthave a significant impact on performance, each of the suspension by the elasticcomponents (buffers), body-oriented (from Chuan And stabilizing role), as wellas shock absorbers (from the role of shock absorption). However, not all of thesuspension must have three components. As long as we can play to the role ofthe three. Vehiclemaintenance for the conservation network 1, flying the classification 1.Non-independent suspension: on both sides of the wheel mounted on atotal-vehicle-bridge, the train-bridge to fly through the frame and connected.This suspension structure is simple and reliable power-but by two rounds ofshock and vibration affecting each other. But also because of the quality offlying non-serious suspension of the poor performance of the buffer, the vibrationof a moving car, the greater the impact. The suspension generally used fortrucks, buses and a number of other ordinary vehicles. (2) independentsuspension: each individual through a set of wheels mounted on the body orsuspension of vehicular bridge, the use of off-Axle, in the middle of a fixedframe or body; such wheel on both sides of the suspension by the shockHubuyingxiang, but due to non-flying than by the quality; buffer with a strongshock absorption capacity, ride comfort. The indicators are better thannon-independent suspension, but the complex structure of the suspension, but italso drive axle, steering system has become complicated. The use of suchsuspension of the following two categories of vehicles. Cars, buses andpassenger vehicles. Can be improved ride comfort, and high speed when drivingthe car to improve stability. Off-road vehicles, military vehicles andmining vehicles. In a bad way and have no say under the circumstances, we canmake sure all the wheels on the ground and contacts to enhance stability anddriving the car attached, to play a speed of the car. 2.Flexibleyuan for the type of (1) of the leaf spring: the long-range multi-chip andcurvature ranging from the composite plate. After installed at both ends of thenatural upward curve. In addition to the leaf spring with a buffer, there is acertain degree of shock absorption, vertical layout also has a force-oriented,non-independent suspension using most of the leaf spring so flexiblecomponents, save-oriented devices and shock absorbers, simple structure . (2)of the coil spring: only a cushion for the multi-car independent suspension. Inthe absence of damping force and mass functions must also be equipped withspecial shock absorbers and device-oriented. (3) oil and gas spring: a flexiblemedium as a gas, liquid as a medium-power, which not only has a good buffercapacity, also has a role in shock absorption and at the same time frame of ahigh degree of regulation may also be applicable to the use of heavy vehicles andbuses. (4), torsion bar springs; will be made under the torsion bar springsfixed at one end of the frame, on the other side through the arm and connectedto the wheels, and beat at wheel torsion bar the use of reverse deformationplayed the role of buffer, is suitable for independent The use of suspension. 3.the use of shock absorber tube shock absorbers, the use of oil in the smallrole to cut energy consumption vibration. Shock absorber and the upper bodyframe or connected with the lower end of the train-bridge connected. Most ofthe trip can be done and the compression of the dual role of the role of shockabsorber.4.device-oriented:the flexibility in the independent suspension components, most of them can onlytransfer the vertical loads and can not transmit vertical and horizontal, mustbe a separate device-oriented. As noted, under the arm and vertical, horizontalstabilizer, and so on. 5.non-independent suspension: before and after the truckswere non-independentsuspension bridge, some vehicles such as buses and cars and so on, after thebridge is also a non-independent suspension. Each car of the sedan chair byhoisting two independent non-vertical arrangement of the composition of theleaf spring. Leaf spring fixed in the middle of the train-bridge, with thefront end hinged frame or body, the back-end with the frame or body through theear hanging hinged or connected to use of skateboards. Top of the frame with ashock absorber then, with the lower end of the next school Axle. The truck rearaxle and more without shock absorbers.6.many types of independent suspension, coil spring as the use of flexiblecomponents. Torsion bar springs for the independent suspension is also dividedinto vertical and horizontal torsion torque Cup two-under. Although many of theadvantages of an independent suspension, but the car would turn the system, theDepartment of driving and driving more complicated structure of the bridge.Keywords:structure of the engine engine performance merits of a direct impact on theperformance of motor vehicles. First, the use of fuel by the differentcategories according to engine fuel, gasoline engine and the engine is dividedinto two major categories of diesel engines.1.network Motor conservation maintenance, gasoline engine small size, lightweight, low prices; good start, when the maximum power of high-speed;work in asmall vibration and noise; suitable for small and medium-sized car inparticular, the use of high-speed car.Gasoline deflagration due to the restrictionscan not be too high compression ratio, thermal efficiency and economy are not,such as diesel. Gasoline is a mixture of the main gas pipeline in the form overinto the cylinder, compressed by the end of close to the spark plugs fire. Thedriver to speed up the adoption of the control pedal into the cylinder of thegas mixture to control the load on the engine, known as the volume ofregulation. Gasoline engine’s fuel supply system and ignition system is a gasoline enginefailure on the part of a higher proportion. Gasoline engine emissions ofharmful material composition of carbon monoxide, carbon compounds and nitrogenoxides than diesel, and so on, but with the current electronically controlledfuel injection system and other exhaust gas purification devices, which havegreatly improved. In addition, the gasoline engine’storque characteristics are very suitable for automotive use, can significantlyreduce the labor intensity of the driver.2.diesel and gasoline engine, diesel engine size, weight, high prices, poor start(especially when the low temperature); work more vibration and noise; easy tooverload when the black smoke. Diesel is characterized by: 1)the absence of the deflagration, as well as restrictions on the needs of thespontaneous combustion of diesel, diesel engine compression ratio high. Thermalefficiency and economy must be better than the gasoline engine. 2)the same power, the diesel engine’s torque, maximum power at the time of low speed, suitable for theuse of the truck. 3)is a mixture of diesel engine cylinder internal form, no inlet throttle, theintake of small resistance. The driver to speed up the adoption of fuelinjection control board, to change the engine load, known as the regulation ofquality, as there is no problem of hypoxia, emissions of hydrocarbons andcarbon monoxide content of less than gasoline.4)In the absence of the ignition system, as well as fuel supply device failurerate low. Therefore, failure to less than diesel gasoline engine. 5)diesel engine torque characteristics are not suitable for car driving cycleneeds, moving the stalls to use frequently, an increase of pilot laborintensity. The main diesel engine for use in medium and heavy vehicles. Second, the number of engine cylinder andarrangement of the engine cylinder displacement equal to the volume of workand. Increasein the number of cylinder engine will not only increase capacity, improve theengine output power, but also to enable the smooth operation of the engine toreduce noise and vibration. Hyundai Motor have adopted multi-cylinder engine.Mini-car for more than 3-cylinder engine, small trucks, passenger cars andmedium-sized following for more than 4-cylinder engine; medium-sized trucks,large cars and buses for more than 6-cylinder engine; Heavy-Duty Truck Generalof 6-8 cylinder. 6-cylinder engine under a single row multi-cylinder in-linemode; 8-cylinder V-type engines for alignment; some of the cars in order toreduce engine height, length shortened, using V6, V8-type arrangement. Mini-caruse of 3-cylinder engine, most oblique way. In-line engine structure is simpleand cheap. The disadvantage is that a high degree of the engine higher longerlength.Is more a way. V-type engines with low height, short length, but thestructure of the complex, more expensive price, suitable for large-scaleengine. Water-cooled engine block using the whole cast. Small engines usedaluminum alloy materials, large-scale multi-engine for the cast iron. Cylinderhead bolts used in a fixed block on the plane, in addition to constitute aclosed cylinder combustion room, into the exhaust, valves are installed, andspark plug valve, and so on. Third,the gasoline engine’sfuel supply 1, the fuel-supply system carburetor gasoline engine fuel supplyline into carburetor and fuel-injection two major categories of carburetor mainoil installations operating principle is: the work of the engine when the outside air Inthe cylinder under the suction air filter to filter through into the cylinder.When the air flow through the pipe section due to the smaller increase in thevelocity and pressure led to the decline in a certain vacuum. Float on theinterior of gasoline in the vacuum from the role of the main inlet into thespray nozzle, the gas emitted by high-speed air currents disperse into mist,known as fogging. And then to oil and oil-film evaporation space in the form ofevaporation, and the airway had mixed into the air mixture into the cylinder.In order to achieve the economy, the main oil loading also uses the air brake.The main nozzle at the indoor air, and along with a few scheduled to openaround the through-hole and air the same room. When the throttle openinggradually increases, the air hole gradually connected with the air. Not onlyreduces the vacuum so that the mixture-thinning, the main air nozzle is alsobeneficial to the atomization of gasoline. 2. electronically controlled fuelinjection fuel-supply system carburetor fuel-supply device structure is simple,reliable, cheap, easy maintenance. But the biggest drawback is that it can notbe precisely controlled mixture of concentration, resulting in incompletecombustion, emissions of harmful ingredients, do not meet the stringentrequirements of environmental protection today. In addition, due to theexistence of the pipe so that the air resistance increases. There is also thecylinder uneven distribution of gasoline and easy to produce and Qizu ice andso on. In order to solve these problems, 80 electronically controlled fuelinjection system in the car engine on a wide range of applications more andmore.electronicallycontrolled fuel injection system advantages: electronically controlled fuelinjection system (referred to as English EFI) has the following advantages:1.no matter under what conditions and in what conditions the engine canaccurately control the mixture of concentration, To make gasoline burncompletely full. This greatly reduces the emission of harmful components ofcontent, also has an excellent combustion engine of the economy. 2.can supply, ignition temperature, such as centralized control, so that the workof the engine performance, increased engine power output, lower fuelconsumption. 3.the engine can always operate in a stable condition in a variety of conditionsso that all car drivers in accordance with the requirements of normal traffic. 4. In the absence of pipes, a small airresistance. At the same time, difficult to produce Qizu, to the distribution ofgas cylinder uniform, and so on. The shortcomings of the fuel injection systemis the high cost structure of the complex and difficult to repair, and so on. electronicallycontrolled fuel injection system of classification: 1) by way of testing the air quality into theway traffic density and speed of the way the two categories. 2) by way of fuel injection, the following twocategories. According to the location of the jet, into intake manifold junction(SPI) and the jet intake manifold Department (MPI) are two jet, respectively,also known as single-point and multi-point injection jet. MPI iscurrently widely used in the way.MPI is currently widely used in theway. Department of gasoline ignition gasoline engine ignition system aregenerally three categories: contact-type ignition system, electronic ignitionsystem, computer-controlled ignition system.车辆悬架系统中的机动车辆悬架系统是一种非常重要的系统。它不仅对乘坐汽车的舒适度有影响，而且对附件的稳定性等其他性能有着显著的影响。每个悬挂的弹性元件(弹簧),是车架(起稳定作用)， 以及减振器的角色(减震)组成然而,并非所有的悬架必须有三个组成部分。只要我们能发挥三个作用。汽车的维护，悬架分类：一 非独立悬架：两侧车轮安装在一根整体式车桥上，车轮连同车桥一起通过框架与车身相连。但这种悬架结构简单，可靠，制造方便，而是由两个轮冲击和振动轮互相影响。在载重汽车上被广泛应用。 但减震器的表现不佳，汽车行进中的震动越大，影响越严重，所以这种悬挂通常被用在卡车、客车和其他的普通车辆。 独立悬架:每个元件通过两侧车轮安装或悬挂在车架上，并且采用断开式车桥。安装了这种减震系统的车轮不易失重飞起，具有强大减震能力的缓冲器更是提供了舒适的乘驾感受。若一侧车轮相对于车架(或车身)的位置发生变化时，另一侧车轮不受影响。这种悬架结构复杂，且车身的平稳性和高速行驶的稳定性较好，因此在轿车和小客车上得到普遍采用。以上指标均优于非独立悬架，但是悬架的结构越复杂，驱动桥和转向系统也就越复杂。使用这种悬架的交通工有以下两种：1汽车和客车等客运车辆：可以提高乘驾舒适度，并且当高速驾驶时能提高稳定性。mining vehicles.越野车，军用车和采矿车。在路况不佳时，可以确保所有的车轮接触地面并提高稳定性，避免汽车起伏，发挥出汽车的速度。二.弹性元件类型：1 钢板弹簧：它是由若干片长方形的钢板组合成的复合板，呈弯曲形。安装在自然向上的曲线两端。此外,钢板弹簧通过减震器起到某种程度的减震、传递垂直载荷的作用。在非独立悬架和导向机构中，也使用钢板弹簧这种弹性元件和减震器这样简单的结构。2螺旋弹簧；只为多汽车独立悬架缓冲，在缺少阻尼力和质量职能的情况下，还必须具备特殊的减震器和导向装置。 3油气弹簧: 使用油液和高压气体作为弹性材料，不仅有很好的减震能力，可以吸收冲击。在同样情况下能够提供更好的调节作用，适用于重型车辆和客车。4扭杆弹簧：汽车车架与车轮用扭杆弹簧，其一端固定在车架上而另一端与车轮连接，车轮上下跳动时扭杆产生扭转变形，靠扭转弹力来吸收振动能量适合独立悬架系统。三.减震器减震筒的使用，油的使用可以切断震动造成的能里损耗。减震器上端与车底架相连，下端与车桥相连。减震器在大部分的行程可以起到压缩的双重作用四.导向机构：独立悬架的弹性元件，大多数只能传递垂直载荷，并不能传递水平载荷，必须是分离的导向机构。如上所述，在力臂和垂直和水平稳定器等。五.非独立悬架：非独立悬架位于卡车的前部和后部，像客车，汽车等一些车辆的后桥也是非独立悬架。每个轿车均由两个独立的非垂直的钢板弹簧构成。钢板弹簧固定在车桥中间,其前后端车架或车身通过耳朵悬铰链或使用滑板连接的。上面的框架用减振器的下端连接轴。车后桥一般无减震器。六 .螺旋弹簧作为弹性元件被用在多种类型的独立悬架。 扭杆弹簧torque Cup two-under.为独立悬架分成纵向和横向扭力矩杯两杆。 虽然独立悬架具有许多优点，但汽车将会通过更复杂的桥结构改进系统，驱动和驾驶。 关键词：发动机的结构发动机的性能对机动车辆的性能有着直接的影响。首先，燃料使用不同类别根据发动机的燃料，分为汽油发动机和柴油发动机。1网络汽车养护维修，汽油发动机体积小，重量轻，价格低；当最大速度运行是，启动好；运行时震动小，噪音小，适合小型和中型汽车，尤其是高速车。由于爆燃的限制，汽油机不可以有过高的压缩比，热效率，而且不如柴油经济。汽油是一种进入气缸中的主要气体管道的混合物，在压缩到接近底部的火花塞时点火。驾驶者加速踩油门时混合气体进入气缸来控制发动机的负载，这是常规。汽油发动机的燃料供给系统和点火系统是发生汽油发动机故障的比例较高的一部分。虽然汽油发动机比柴油排放更多的一氧化碳，碳化合物和氮氧化物等有害物质成分，但是,现在的电控燃油喷射系统和其他废气净化装置却有了很大的改善。但与目前的电控燃油喷射系统和其他尾气净化装置，极大地改善。此外，汽油发动机的扭矩特性非常适用于汽车，可以大大降低司机的劳动强度。2柴油发动机和汽油发动机，柴油发动机的大小，重量，价格高，启动差（尤其是低温时），运行时震动和噪音大; 有黑烟，容易超负荷。柴油发动机机的特点是：1）没有爆燃的限制，但柴油需要自燃，所以柴油发动机压缩比很高。 .热效率和经济性比汽油发动机更好。2）柴油发动机适用于卡车，因为同样的功率，扭矩大，最大功率也大。3）柴油发动机汽缸内的内部是的混合物，没有进油门，小阻力的进气管。 司机.司机加快采用燃油喷射控制板，通过改变发动机负荷，作为规管的质量，因为不存在缺氧问题，碳氢化合物和一氧化碳的排放量低于汽油。4）由于没有点火系统，燃料供应设备故障率低。 因此，不低于汽油发动机。5）柴油发动机扭矩特性并不适用于汽车驾驶循环的需求，移动的摊位，经常使用，是适合飞行员劳动强度的增加。主要适用于中型和重型车辆。第二，发动机缸体及发动机缸体位移量相等的工作。因此，增加汽缸发动机的数量，不仅能增加容量，提高发动机输出功率，而且能够使发动机顺利运作，以减少噪音和振动。现代汽车公司已采用多缸发动机。微型车超过3缸发动机，小卡车，客车和中型以下超过4缸发动机;中型卡车，大型轿车和客车超过6缸发动机;重型卡车一般6-8缸。6缸下单列多缸模式下，8缸V型直列发动机，有些的汽车，为减少发动机的高度，将长度缩短，安装使用V6发动机，V8发动机类型。微型汽车使用3缸发动机，大多是倾斜的。 .在直列发动机结构简单，便宜。 .缺点是，发动机的高度更高，长度更长。更是一个方式。.V型发动机高度低，长度短，但其结构复杂，价格更昂贵，适用于大型发动机。.水冷式发动机缸体采用整体铸造。小型发动机采用铝合金材料，而大型发动机多采用铸铁材料。 and so on.气缸盖螺栓是用在飞机上的固定块，除了构成一个封闭的汽缸燃烧室，进入排气管，阀门和火花塞等。第三，汽油发动机的燃料供应1，燃料供应系统汽化器汽油发动机燃料进入汽化器和燃油喷射器两种主要设备工作原理：发动机工作时，外界空气被吸入空气过滤器，通过过滤器进入气缸。当空气流过管道部分由于较小的增长速度及压力的减少导致了真空。
中国是世界上机械发展最早的国家之一。中国的机械工程技术不但历史悠久，而且成就十分辉煌，不仅对中国的物质文化和社会经济的发展起到了重要的促进作用，而且对世界技术文明的进步做出了重大贡献.传统机械方面，我国在很长一段时期内都领先于世界。到了近代由于特别是从18世纪初到19世纪40年代，由于经济社会等诸多原因，我国的机械行业发展停滞不前，在这100多年的时间里正是西方资产阶级政治革命和产业革命时期，机械科学技术飞速发展，远远超过了中国的水平。这样，中国机械的发展水平与西方的差距急剧拉大，到十九世纪中期已经落后西方一百多年。新中国建立后特别是近三十年来，我国的机械科学技术发展速度很快。向机械产品大型化，精密化、自动化和成套化的趋势发展。在有些方面已经达到或超过了世界先进水平。总的来说，就目前而言中国机械科学技术的成就是巨大的，发展速度之快，水平之高也是前所未有的。这一时期还没有结束，我国的机械科学技术还将向更高的水平发展。只要我们能够采取正确的方针、政策、用好科技发展规律并勇于创新，我国的机械工业和机械科技一定能够振兴，重新引领世界机械工业发展潮流。就小型夯实机械而言：上世纪60年代以前，我国小型夯实机械非常缺乏，很多小型场地的夯实基本上采用人工夯实。上世纪60年代初期，长沙建设机械研究所与北京建筑工程学院等单位合作，在群众性技术革新成果的基础上总结发明了具有中国特色的蛙式夯实机，1962年获国家科技发明奖。蛙式夯实机结构简单，维修、使用方便，很快成为我国60年代夯实机械的主导产品。据不完全统计蛙式夯实机累计产量达到50000多台，在我国经济建设中发挥了重要作用。70年代以后，蛙式夯实机逐渐被性能更先进的振动冲击夯和振动平板夯所替代，目前蛙式夯实机已经很少，基本被淘汰。1964年，长沙建设机械研究所开发了HB120型内燃式夯实机，开始由上海工程机械厂生产，后来主要由津市洞庭工程机械厂生产，年产量200台左右。80年代，内燃式夯实机产品质量有较大提高，曾出口东南亚和非洲地区。90年代以后，内燃式夯实机产销售量也在逐渐减少，目前只有少数小型民营企业生产。1977年，长沙建设机械研究所和柳州市建筑机械厂开发了我国第一台HZR250型和HZR70型振动平板夯，这两种产品分别于1979 年和1982年通过了由建设部组织的鉴定。随后义乌建筑机械厂、四平建筑机械厂、安阳振动器厂、津市洞庭工程机械厂等多家企业都开始生产振动平板夯。1986年长沙建设机械研究所又开发了较大的HZR450型振动平板夯。上世纪90年代以后，振动平板夯在我国有了较快的发展，产品品种、规格和生产企业增多，国外的振动平板夯陆续进入中国市场。1983年，长沙建设机械研究所和湖北振动器厂联合开发了我国第一台HZR70型振动冲击夯，1984年通过了由建设部组织的鉴定，1985年获建设部科技进步三等奖。由于振动冲击夯具有压实效果好、生产率高、体积和重量小、轻便灵活等突出特点，深受用户欢迎，得到了迅速的推广使用，并很快发展到资江机器厂、新乡第三机床厂和津市洞庭工程机械厂等几十家企业生产。振动冲击夯虽然比振动平板夯开发晚，但发展速度、产销量和使用广泛性比振动平板夯大得多，目前已成为我国夯实机械中产销量最大的主导产品。上世纪90年代以后，国外的振动平板夯陆续进入中国市场。振动冲击夯和振动平板夯在我国的成功开发，不仅为我国建设施工部门提供了性能先进的夯实机械，取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益，而且使我国夯实机械技术向前跨进了一大步，缩短了与世界先进水平的差距，促进了我国压实机械的发展。就机械加工而言：热加工 铸造 据考古发现，在北京平谷、昌平、房山等处曾出土了公元前16世纪(商代)的青铜礼器。 明永乐年间(1403～1424年)，北京制造出享誉世界的明永乐大铜钟(46.5吨)和钟楼大铜钟(63吨)及铁钟(25吨)，采用分炉熔化、地坑造型和陶范法铸造。 20世纪50年代以前，北京在铸造上采用粘土砂手工造型。1955年，北京第一机床厂开始采用漏模造型、双面模型型板及铁型板和标准砂箱造型。1965年，开始采用塑料模型。 1980 年，北京市机电研究院与北京玛钢厂研制成功工频无芯塞杆底注式保温浇注电炉。1982年，该院与北京机床铸造二厂研究成功冲天炉风口吹氧技术。 1985～1988年，北京机床研究所试验成功浮动端面密封环的压力铸造工艺。 锻压 1959年，北京第二通用机械厂(后改名北京重型机器厂)建成2500吨水压机。1971年，该厂制造出6000吨水压机，这是当时北京最大的锻压设备。 1968～1979年，北京起重机器厂先后采用300吨油压机和2000吨油压机制造出起重机吊臂和大型覆盖件。 80年代，北京市机电研究院和北京市模具中心研制出一系列高精度多工位冲裁模具，接近或达到进口模具水平，改变了北京精密冲裁模具依赖进口的局面。 热处理 1949年前，北京已采用电炉、盐溶炉、热电偶等手段进行零件退火、回火、淬火、正火、调质、渗碳等热处理。 1956年，北京第一机床厂开始采用高频感应淬火。1961年，北京第二机床厂开始采用气体氮化淬火。1969年，北京量具刃具厂开始采用光亮淬火。 1978年，北京机床研究所研究完成机床导轨表面接触淬火工艺及设备、淬火质量检查技术条件的研究。1979年，铁道科学研究院和中国科学院力学研究所等合作完成大功率柴油机缸套表面的激光改性处理的研究。 1979年，北京市机电研究院研制成功千瓦级二氧化碳激光器，并于80年代初分别应用于汽缸套和邮票印刷设备的激光热处理。其中，清华大学、北京市机电研究院、北京邮票厂共同完成邮票厂七色机打孔器表面激光强化研究。 1984～1990年，北京市热处理研究所研究成功真空热处理、气体渗碳微机控制技术(与北京航空航天大学合作)、稀土软氮化、粉末冶金制品表面强化、煤油加甲醇小滴量法微机可控渗碳、固体渗硼、渗碳过程微机辅助工艺设计及跟踪控制系统等热处理新技术，并应用于生产。 焊接与切割 1949年，北京已有气焊、电弧焊及氧乙炔火焰切割等手工作业。 1963年，北京金属结构厂与一机部机械科学研究院合作开发出钨极氩弧焊，并实现了氮气等离子切割不锈钢。1964年，用直流钨极氩弧焊及焊丝合金化技术解决了核工业用倾斜式电解糟纯镍焊接。 1966年，北京金属结构厂开发出了使被焊球体旋转的埋弧自动焊。1968年，该厂开始以液化石油气代替乙炔切割。 80年代初，清华大学发明了新型MIG焊接电弧控制法，在控制电弧技术上取得突破。 80年代初，北京城建设计院等完成液化石油气移动式气压焊轨技术的研究和应用。 1990年，北京金属结构厂开始采用数控精密切割和具有光电跟踪及数控寻踪读入自动编程的大功率等离子切割技术。可见，我国机械发展在近代发展其迅速。China is the world's first national machinery development. Chinese mechanical engineering technology not only has a long history and splendid achievements in Chinese is not only the material culture and social economic development plays an important role in the world, and to promote the progress of civilization, technology has made great contribution to Chinese traditional machine. And in a long period ahead in the world. In modern times, especially from the early 18th century, due to the nineteen forties, due to the economic and social reasons, such as the China machinery industry, stagnation, in the 100 years is western bourgeois political revolution and industrial revolution, mechanical science and technology is developing rapidly, and far more than the level of China. So, China mechanical development level and the western gap widens, sharply to the 19th century middle behind western one hundred years.After the founding of new China, especially in the past 30 years, our country's mechanical science and technology development speed. To the mechanical product large-scale, precision, automation and discusses the trend of development. In some aspects has reached or exceeded the world advanced level. Generally speaking, currently China mechanical science and technology achievement is huge, developing fast, high level of unprecedented. In this period, China has no end of mechanical science and technology will develop to a higher level. As long as we can adopt the correct policy, with good technology development and innovation, our machinery industry and mechanical technology can revitalize, leading to the development trend of mechanical industry.Just small ramming machinery:In the 1960s, China mechanical very small tamp lack, many small venues ramming basically USES artificial ramming.Early 1960s, changsha construction machinery institute and Beijing architectural engineering institute, etc., the technical innovation achievements in mass on the basis of summing up Chinese characteristic invented the breaststroke ramming machine, 1962 exceeded national science and technology. The breaststroke ramming machine structure is simple, easy to use and maintenance in 1960s, soon became the dominant products to consolidate machinery. According to not complete count breaststroke tamp cumulative yield reached more than 50,000 machine, in the economic development of our country has played an important role. Since 1970's, the breaststroke ramming machine was gradually more advanced performance of vibration shock ram and vibrating plate ram, now replaced by laying machine has rarely breaststroke, basically be eliminated.In 1964, changsha construction machinery institute HB120 developed movable type, type of Shanghai began laying machine, engineering machine production mainly by tianjin municipal later, annual production engineering machinery dongting about 200. In the 1980s, movable type ramming machine product quality has increased greatly, have exported to southeast Asia and Africa. Since 1990s, internal-combustion type ramming machine production sales, and gradually decreased in only a few small private enterprise production.In 1977, changsha construction machinery factory buildings and developed in liuzhou HZR250 type and the HZR70 type vibrating plate ram, these two kinds of products in 1979 and 1982 passed by the ministry of construction of the organization. Then yiwu building construction machinery factory, siping, anyang vibrators factory, tianjin municipal engineering machinery dongting and other enterprises have started producing vibrating plate ram. In 1986, changsha construction machinery research and develop a larger HZR450 type of vibrating plate ram. Since 1990s, vibrating plate ram in our country has developed very quickly, varieties of products, specifications and increase production enterprises, foreign vibrating plate ram gradually to enter the Chinese market.In 1983, changsha construction machinery institute and the joint development of hubei vibration in the first HZR70 type vibration shock ramming, 1984, passed by the ministry of construction, organization construction technology progress in 1985 won prizes. Due to the vibration impact compaction result has good ramming, productivity, high volume and weight of small, lightweight flexible outstanding characteristics, deeply user etc, obtained a rapid promotion, and soon ZiJiang development to the factory, xinxiang municipal engineering machine tool plant and tianjin dozens of dongting production factory etc. Vibration shock ramming although than vibrating plate ram, but later development speed of development, production and use of extensive than vibrating plate ram, has become the largest in China in the ramming machinery products. Since 1990s, foreign vibrating plate ram gradually to enter the Chinese market.Vibration shock ramming and vibrating plate ram the successful development in our country, not only for our construction department provides advanced performance of mechanical, laying have achieved good economic benefit and social benefit, and make our ramming mechanical technology into a big step forward, shorten the gap with the advanced world level, promoting the development of compaction machine.The mechanical processing:According to the archaeological discovery, hot-working casting in Beijing pinggu, changping and so have proved that the 16th century BC shang dynasty (bronze objects. Ming yongle (1403-1424 years), Beijing produce world-renowned Ming yongle great 3-ton bell made (46.5 tons) and tower (63 tons of great 3-ton bell made of iron clock (25) and the furnace of melting, pit TaoFan model and method of casting. In the 1950s, Beijing based on clay sand castings in manual. In 1955, Beijing first machine tool plant began using leakage mould modelling, double-sided model and iron plate type plate and standard sand box modelling. In 1965, start using plastic model. In 1980, the institute and Beijing municipal electrical factory has successfully developed line frequency coreless bathroom plug stem bottom note type electric insulation casting. In 1982, hospital and Beijing the casting machine research cupola tuyere oxygen blowing technology. 1985-1988, Beijing institute of machine of floating end face seal ring by die successful test pressure casting process.In 1959, Beijing second metalforming machinery general factory changed (Beijing) built 2500 ton heavy-duty hydraulic press. In 1971, the factory produced 6,000 tons, which is then Beijing hydrtesting biggest metalforming equipment. 1968-1979, Beijing hoisting machine factory has 300 tons of using hydraulic press 2000 tons and create crane and large panel. In the 1980s, Beijing institute of electrical and developed a series of Beijing mould centre high-precision cutting die, the multistage close to or to import mould level, changed Beijing precision punching moulds dependence on imports.Before 1949, Beijing has heat treatment furnace, salt dissolved by thermocouples means furnace, quenching and tempering, parts of annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering, carburizing and etc. In 1956, Beijing first began using high-frequency quenching machine tool plant. In 1961, the Beijing second machine tool plant began using gas nitriding quenching. In 1969, the following enterprise by Beijing gage start light quenching. In 1978, the complete machine tool research institute of Beijing guide surface contact quenching process and equipment, quenching condition of quality inspection. In 1979, scientific research institute of China academy of railway and mechanical institute of high-power diesel engine cylinder collaboration of surface modification of laser. In 1979, Beijing institute of electrical carbon dioxide laser is developed, and the kilowatt in early 1980s respectively applied in cylinder and stamp printing equipments of laser treatment. Among them, tsinghua university, Beijing, Beijing institute of electrical YouPiaoChang jointly completed YouPiaoChang seven color machine DaKongQi laser surface strengthening research. From 1984 to 1990, Beijing institute of vacuum heat treatment research, gas carburizing microcomputer control technology (Beijing university of aeronautics &astronautics and cooperation), rare earth soft nitriding, powder metallurgy products surface strengthening, kerosene and methanol small drops of microcomputer control method of carburizing, solid boriding and carburizing process computer aided process planning and tracking control system, and the application of new technology heat in production. Welding and cutting in 1949, Beijing has geo-drilling, electric welding and cutting etc oxyacetylene flame manual operation. In 1963, Beijing metal structure and YiJiBu mechanical science research cooperation to develop tungsten argon arc welding, and realize the nitrogen plasma cutting stainless steel. In 1964, the use of dc argon arc welding and tungsten wire alloying technology solved by tilting electrolysis industry worse pure nickel welding. In 1966, Beijing metal structure factory developed by rotating sphere of the submerged arc welding automatic welding. In 1968, the plant began to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) instead of acetylene cutting. In the early 1980s, tsinghua university invented new MIG welding arc arc technology in control, control a breakthrough. In the early 1980s, the Beijing urban construction design completed liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) mobile pneumatic rail welding technology research and application. In 1990, Beijing metal structure factory to adopt CNC precision cutting and with photo-electricity tracking and CNC pursuit of high input automatic programming technology plasma cutting.Visible, China mechanical development in modern development of its rapid.