发布时间：
数学思维的重要性拥有良好数学思维能力的人，不仅学习办事更加高效，也更容易和别人沟通相处。换句话说，数学思维能力几乎决定了孩子人生的难易程度。掌握了数学思维，相当于掌握了所有学科的学习钥匙，数学的魅力无穷无尽，数学之美，在于它是一切科学的基础，是命脉也是自我能量爆发的发源地。未来的世界，如果你掌握了数学思维，并运用得好，它将胜过百万雄兵，让你拥有开挂的人生。
摘要（abridgement ）：Mathematics Olympiad entitled to carriers, a mathematical way of thinking on the meaning: mathematical thinking is to understand the nature of mathematical knowledge, from some of the specific content of mathematics and mathematical understanding of the excessive rise in refining a mathematical point of view, is a mathematics knowledge Structure of the essence and soul of the commander in chief and it played the dominant role of mathematical knowledge. It was in the awareness activities in the use of repeated, with the guidance of universal significance, is the establishment of mathematics and use mathematics to solve the problem of guiding ideology. Is the index of mathematical methods in question, problem-solving process, used in various ways, means and ways; cited the algebra substitution law, created conditions for effective problem solving in mathematics competition in the application; demonstrated the mathematical The unity of the United States, the United States and simple, symmetrical the United States, the United States and singular关键词：Mathematical thinking 数学思想Mathematical Methods 数学方法Competition 竞赛Replacement Act 代换法Additional conditions 增设条件
在有道词典里 一句或几句一起翻译，很快的，质量也不错
Abstract: Beijing Olympic Games' successfully holds, has made the great contribution for the Olympics movement, simultaneously is also our country advances the university athletics sports work the significant opportunity. zai weilai di yi duan shijian li, athletics athletic talent's raise and the development will be various countries' athletics sports research core questions. Athletics athletic talent raises returns the school is ultimately. Social development's core is person's development, the human is not only advances the social development the power, is also the social value goal. Raises the high culture, the high training and the high skill “three high” the full scale development athletics athletic talent cannot leave the school edition throughout. After Beijing Olympic Games the university athletics athletic talent raised the pattern the trend of development, this article has used the literature material law, the data ordering law, research techniques and so on correlation method and expert interview law, analyzed our country athletics sports thoroughly the development pattern, as well as the university raised in our country athletics athletic talent the function and the status. In view of the development in insufficiency, puts forward the corresponding proposal and the strategy. Is for the purpose to promoting Our country University athletics athletic talent's research and the development direction provides the basis.
Abstract: the soul of an enterprise is the enterprise culture, a culture of the enterprise is not impossible to keep creativity and sustainable management ability. Enterprise culture is the enterprise management philosophy and enterprise spirit as its core, enterprise staff belonging, enthusiasm and creativity of humanistic management theory. In the fierce market competition, the enterprise culture to the survival and development of enterprises, the bigger role as the cornerstone of competitiveness of enterprises and the key factors in the process of company. Successful enterprise culture can accomplish a enterprise, the enterprise culture can also failed to destroy an enterprise, enterprise culture is the key factor of the core competitiveness of the enterprise. Excellent enterprise culture, will greatly promote the development of enterprises, and will weaken the organizational function.This paper firstly introduces the related theory of enterprise culture, and the north Taiwan iron and steel group co. And the enterprise culture of a simple introduction, analyzed the north Taiwan steel company in enterprise culture construction process problems and reasons of the problems, and discusses the countermeasures to solve these problems, the method, the goal is to help north Taiwan steel group company establish perfect enterprise culture construction mechanism, establishing and perfecting the enterprise culture atmosphere, to enhance the core competitiveness of the enterprise.Key words: the core competitiveness of enterprise culture, and the spirit of enterprise
The progress of human society, the growth of demand and raise the level of science and technology, the traditional knowledge and genetic resources of great value for the world wide cognition, gradually in the 1980s, traditional knowledge and genetic resources has been regarded as the common wealth of mankind, the collection and utilization are free of any state, biological plagiarism, business results HuiYi share of injustice, serious problems of international society widespread concern. Developed countries businesses and scientific research institutions is the use of traditional knowledge and genetic resources of the main beneficiaries. They use of its own strong technical force, and funds from developing countries gain valuable low cost of traditional knowledge and genetic resources, develop new products and business development, an application for a patent, obtain considerable market profits. Meanwhile, traditional knowledge as the owner of the aboriginal community, and did not have the physical and mental, and his generation have traditional knowledge is business patent enjoy, this is a kind of extremely unbalanced material exchange relationship. Do great harm to the protection of traditional knowledge of the native community, therefore, the protection of traditional enthusiasm is crucial, and knowledge through intellectual property protection should be. This paper adopted the method of theory and practice, systematically and comprehensively expounded by intellectual property protection of traditional knowledge model of feasibility and concrete measures, and existing problems in the law is proposed. The article consists of five parts: The first part is introduction, the paper studies systematically introduces the background, the study of meaning and purpose, research methods and processes. The second part is related to clear this theory, the theoretical basis. First to traditional knowledge related terms, the study aims to clarify, protection, Secondly the urgency of the protection of traditional knowledge clearly, the importance and significance of the study to clarify. Then the international organizations and research, the aim is to understand the international research achievements, to lay the theoretical foundation is studied in this paper. Finally, the list of the existing international intellectual property protection of traditional knowledge model. The third part of traditional and modern knowledge through the comparison between them knowledge of clear differences, so as to further illustrate traditional knowledge and intellectual property system, which is also the conflict between many scholars opposed using intellectual property protection of traditional knowledge, the author will based on thorough analysis, in order to find the breakthrough, to prove the conflict of intellectual property protection of traditional knowledge using the feasibility. The fourth part for the core, mainly in the above analysis, the research based on intellectual property rights protection system established by the principles and ways of traditional knowledge. The fifth part is the conclusions and recommendations, mainly including the main contribution of this study, and prospects.Keywords: genetic resources of traditional knowledge biodiversity of intellectual property
我会，会计电算化
会计电算化错账更正方面的外文翻译先到百度文库，找一篇此类文档中文的，然后用有道翻译，或是谷歌在线翻译翻成英 文，然后把英文放上面，中文放下面。希望可以帮到你。如果要找标准的PDF格式外文文 献，可以在谷歌，用英文文献名+空格+PDF 这样比较容易找到。 第一是Google搜索，主要是英文，尤其是其学术搜索，意义大。第二，通过各大学图书馆系统，进入几个主流的出版发行集团。第三，利用网络免费储存、电子书系统。尤其是国外多。1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文：（1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容：a.提出-论点；b.分析问题-论据和论证；c.解决问题-论证与步骤；d.结论。6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是：（1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。（2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。一，选题要新颖。这次我的论文的成功，和高分，得到导师的赞许，都是因为我论文的选题新颖所给我带来的好处。最好涉及护理新领域，以及新进展，这样会给人耳目一新的感觉。二，大量文献做基础仔细查阅和你论文题目和研究范围相关的文献，大量的文献查阅会你的论文写作铺垫，借鉴别人的思路，和好的语言。而且在写作过程不会觉得语言平乏，当然也要自己一定的语言功底做基矗三，一气呵成做好充分的准备，不要每天写一些，每天改一些，这样会打断自己的思路，影响文章的连贯。四，尽量采用多的专业术语可能口语化的表达会给人带来亲切感，但论文是比较专业的形式，是有可能做为文献来查阅和检索的，所以论文语言的专业化，术语化会提升自己论文的水平。五，用正规格式书写参考正规的论文文献，论文格式。不要因为格式问题，而影响到你论文的质量。六，最好在计算机上完成写作过程如果有条件最好利用电脑来完成写作过程，好处以下几点：1，节省时间，无论打字的速度慢到什么程度，肯定要比手写的快。2，方便，大量的文献放在手边，一个一个查阅是很不方便的，文献都是用数据库编辑，所以都是在电脑上完成。提前先在电脑上摘要出重点，写出提纲，随时翻阅，方便写作。3，修改编辑，在电脑随时对文章进行修改编辑都是非常的方便。4，随时存档，写一段，存一段，防止突然停电，或者电脑当机。本人就是吃了这个大亏，一个晚上的劳动，差点就全没了，幸亏男友是电脑高手，帮我找回。否则就恨着电脑，哭死算了。七，成稿打印好交给导师无论你的字写的多么优美，还是按照惯例来，打印出的文字显的正规，而且交流不存在任何的问题，不会让导师因为看不懂你的龙飞凤舞，而低估你的论文。而且干净整洁，女孩子不仅注意自己的形象问题，书面的东西也反映你的修养和气质。八，听取导师意见，仔细修改导师会给你一些关于你论文建设性的意见，仔细参考，认真修改。毕竟导师是发表过多篇论文，有颇多的经验。
The timing of the reform with clubs and countermeasuresAbstract: since the 2003 in China since the reform of rural credit cooperatives, and implementation of various business has achieved great development in China, as in hainan province, the reform has already caused when reform social attention. The author analyzed in hainan financial ecological environment change background, promote the reform of rural credit cooperatives hainan favorable conditions and needs to solve problems, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures.Keywords: the reform of rural credit cooperatives, and measuresChina's rural credit cooperatives reform since 2003, the pilot since the implementation of business development by leaps and bounds, and made great achievements in China, and hainan provinces last for reform of rural credit cooperatives, when entering the substantive reform, has aroused wide attention of the society. The author believes that in the hainan financial ecological environment upheaval circumstance, seized an opportunity to promote hainan province, it is urgent to reform of rural credit cooperatives.Now, a push the reform of rural credit cooperatives hainan favorable conditions1 the other provinces rural credit cooperatives reform can provide demonstration effect of hainan province. China has 29 provinces implemented the reform of management system of rural credit cooperatives, the figures show that the reform has made some progress. By the end of 2005, the total assets of financial institutions in rural cooperative 37206 billion yuan, one for each loan balances 22008 million yuan at the end of 2002, more than 8070 billion yuan, increasing growth 57.9%. Total liabilities 35553 billion yuan, including the balance 32626 billion yuan (the total financial institutions at the end of 2002), more than 10.8 percent increase 12751 64.2 billion yuan, up. At present, China's rural credit cooperatives has become the first four deposit breakthrough 30,000 billion yuan of financial institutions, the owner's equity has reached 1653 billion yuan, the end of 2002 add 1927 billion yuan. More than two years of reform of rural credit cooperatives over 10 consecutive years of losses, to raise capital adequacy ratio of 8%. [1], apparently, in other cities and provinces rural credit cooperatives reform can promote reform of rural credit cooperatives for hainan provide successful experience, such as reforms, increase endowment spread, digestive historical burden, the start-up capital, institutional setup and team building, coordinating the relationship problems can be using the experience of the reforms and brother provinces.2 new socialist countryside construction to hainan for rural credit cooperatives reform brings opportunities. Construction of new socialist countryside is a major decision, it will make the implementation of rural areas of hainan reproduction, great changes. Agricultural intensification and commercialization of hainan province with the increase of agricultural structure adjustment, and raise the level of farmers' income, the rural financial resources will be further expanded. Therefore, the province of rural credit cooperatives, dump only as managing mechanism and perfect, can get used to accelerate the reform of socialist new rural construction, the need to better perform its functions.3 the reform of rural credit cooperatives in hainan province has certain basis. In September of 2005, hainan's rural credit cooperatives reform officially approved by the state council on pilot provinces, though not enter the stage of reform, but with substantial operation of rural credit cooperatives reform of rural credit cooperatives, hainan province has achieved a preliminary results. Deadline of September 2006, the balance of rural credit cooperatives, 93 million yuan, nearly three years deposits increased 32 million yuan, 52% increase. In loans and record of September, 2006, the loan balances 51 billion yuan, nearly three years accumulative total issue of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" loan 40 billion yuan. Rural credit environment construction is the key step by step, and the end of September 2006, rural credit cooperatives altogether create credit village 89, the letter, user 3.3 support a large number of agricultural market, effectively help the increase in farmers' income. [2] in hainan province in recent years, rural credit cooperatives are in bad still-decent decreased year, internal system and mechanism and construction team, staff in the intense desire for reform. Above all, public confidence of rural credit cooperatives in hainan province is restored, rural credit cooperatives reform for the internal and external conditions ripe.4. The state council on the reform of rural credit cooperatives hainan preferential policies. Support the reform of rural credit cooperatives basically has two kinds: one kind is the central bank refinancing, another kind is central bank bills. Special Since hainan has suffered a real estate bubble economy of hainan province, the reform of rural credit cooperatives of fund gives good policy reform in hainan province, after can obtain special central bank bills 20 billion yuan of above, to digest historical burden ratings at least 50% above. Therefore, the reform of rural credit cooperatives promote hainan as soon as possible, with the central bank money "blood" support, can melt of hainan province rural credit cooperatives, heavy baggage "blood-refreshing" function, and realize the sustainable development.Hainan government entities at all levels may have the vigorously support and the greater business space. Hainan province of rural credit cooperatives, after the government management industry will further to arouse the enthusiasm of hainan province, the governments of rural credit cooperatives will further increase the survival and development space. It mainly because: one is the government, enterprises and units will cancel the account deposit in rural credit cooperatives, and arrangement of agriculture in the rural credit cooperatives puts, settlement, Second is the local governments will help a great blow over the non-performing loans, enforcement actions, such as a great party cadres in 2005 the arrears has achieved significant results, Three is preferential access to government priority project quality related rights, Four is the strategic adjustment of state-owned commercial Banks, rural credit cooperatives business expansion. Since 2001, four state-owned commercial Banks from hainan province in under county and district, merging, taking outlets for examination and approval of hainan province, the loan market, rural credit cooperatives rapidly occupation consolidate customer group, enhance competitiveness, provides a more vast development space.6 hainan financial ecological environment changed greatly. After eight years of efforts, hainan has become relatively high from providing financial stability of financial safety. Since 2005, hainan finance the development situation, main show is: the total financial assets steadily, and constantly improve the quality of financial institutions, improve operation efficiency, financial potential risks are constantly to dissolve, financial factors of instability has got out. All of this province rural credit cooperatives reform to create a favorable external environment.To sum up, the reform of rural credit cooperatives and hainan has matured, the reform of condition of the obstacle has ceased to exist, it is facing history never had the opportunity of development, therefore, must be from politics to promote the reform of rural credit cooperatives of hainan province, rural credit cooperatives really be radiant energy.Second, promote hainan province rural credit cooperatives reform needs to solve the problems1 good solution to hainan for rural credit cooperatives market orientation. To maintain the sustainable development of rural credit cooperatives of hainan province, must solve the problem of rural credit cooperatives, according to the market situation of hainan province ", "" NongQing" and "society", insist on multiple management policy, give full play to the advantages of services, innovative financial products and services, and continuously looking for new benefit growth. One is based on agriculture, rural, face ", 2 in the city's insistence foothold community, become small and medium-sized enterprises, individual and industrial and commercial door for urban residents and analyzes the retail banking.2 needs good provincial association leadership, problem management responsibilities clear. After the reform of rural credit cooperatives new management system for the provincial association, municipal (county), the credit cooperatives association, three-level management etc. Established before the corporate governance structure, how to choose good executives, with good leadership, management, and thus formed unity accrual duty, coordinated operation, effectively balance and behaviour of the rural credit cooperatives operating mechanism is a worthy of attention and explore the problem to solve. One is the principle of integrity and provincial association with good leadership. Because a good team can make an enterprise back, a incompetent team can take an enterprise to the edge of bankruptcy. So whether equipped with good leadership is hainan provincial association of rural credit cooperatives reform key to success. Two is to perform better management of provincial association, guidance, coordination and service functions, what and how to manage? How to manage grassroots cooperatives and good service, not interfere in its normal business operation, neither over-rides again not vacancy. Three new management system is established, the provincial association management, municipal (county) association, the credit management, how to manage, is conducive to the construction of internal control system of rural credit cooperatives, to raise the level of management of rural credit cooperatives, be helpful for the healthy development of rural credit cooperatives.3 to further strengthen the talented person troop construction. Talent team involves the sustainable and healthy development of rural credit cooperatives of long-term goals. For top executives high-quality and professional personnel of high level and high quality requirements are operating personnel dispatched constantly adapt to the new situation development, strengthening the market competition ability, is the objective need support for rural credit cooperatives, and the future development of key must cause enough attention. Currently, rural credit cooperatives talent shortage of hainan province should establish effective incentive mechanism through downsizing, efficient, and according to the principle of scientific, reasonable and concise, disperse surplus employees and high-quality talents, constantly optimize the structure of system, using a standardized and institutionalized and marketization reform, the development situation of need.4 to further increase the hainan credit system construction. Further credit construction, increasing credit publicity through various channels, enhance the consciousness of credit and risk awareness, To establish and perfect the system of credit and disciplinary and continue to develop selection in rural and urban areas in the village, credit and credit cooperatives, residents of letter user activities in hainan credit construction, ensure new lending benign circulation.5. There is a need to further improve the rural credit cooperatives financial service level. One is to increase the credit support. As the rural financial force, rural credit cooperatives should expanding services, enhance the service functions, in the service of traditional "SAN nong" of economic development in agriculture, increasing the agriculture leading enterprise of small and medium-sized enterprises, and the base of support, Two is to adjust the network layout, unity, convenient customer access network identifier, set up the good image, Three is to accelerate the construction of electronic payment, pay a change, service means such problems as old as soon as possible, "family", with the principal of commercial Banks, extended its service network service platform.Third, accelerate the reform of rural credit cooperatives of hainan province to the main ideaHow to promote the reform of rural credit cooperatives hainan? This is the need of hainan province, according to the study of rural credit cooperatives, the other provinces, the author thinks that the experience of the reforms, promote the reform of rural credit cooperatives to hainan take the following measures.1 a good platform to "take". Build hainan province is the current mode couplet, due to the provincial association, the minimum threshold model in most provinces of implementing this model. This model is the "triple management", "the second business", can good performance of the transferred during the reform of credit management, guidance, coordination and service, can achieve this area of rural credit cooperatives, self-regulating administration for rural credit cooperatives in hainan new stock cooperative Banks create favorable conditions.2 the rural credit cooperatives should increase endowment spread as important work. Increase endowment spread the amount of presentation is the key of special central bank bills. In order to do the work, must increase endowment spread by introducing strategic investors. One is the introduction of foreign strategic investors, attention, the Netherlands bank of Australia has successively into our bank, the bank of tianjin municipal rural commercial bank of rural credit cooperatives, zhejiang province, rural credit cooperatives will be focused on the shares. Two is to introduce large agricultural province of hainan rubber group company, such as group, etc. 3 it is to want to notice, encourage rural farmers by absorbing the non-public enterprises, establish a diversified ownership of shares.3 must intensify the reform of rural credit cooperatives hainan propaganda. After the reform of rural credit cooperatives, will start in the society of great introduction. Due to the negative influence of issuing closed, a considerable part of rural credit cooperatives and former clients in conceptual urban credit cooperatives and rural credit cooperatives, understanding fuzzy set distribution outlets, identification and electronic remote behind, staff construction etc, the aging of rural credit cooperatives public image is affected significantly. Therefore, the reform of rural credit cooperatives should work as a propaganda to grasp. By the provincial party committee propaganda department, can consider to WaiXuanBan provincial government financial services office, haikou, hainan branch center pedestrian CBRC), the provincial association of cfna made such propaganda office, unified organization and planning. Through the propaganda, enhance rural credit cooperatives in hainan for the influence on the society, social from all walks of life to hainan for rural credit cooperatives reform of support.4 to improve quality of credit assets of hainan province rural credit cooperatives. After the reform of rural credit cooperatives, due to start business and increase the capital, enlarging the scale of capital will be expanded rapidly. Therefore, should pay attention to the quality of new loans, to solve the risk control problems, which is the important link of the reform of rural credit cooperatives. Therefore, we must focus on the following two aspects of man and system construction. In personnel at various levels, is a top executives, strengthen the leadership of the construction, Two is to improve the overall quality and staff to effectively solve the low quality and personnel structure unreasonable "bottleneck" problems. In the system, establish business through internal control systems, procedures and standard operation and perfecting post to audit supervision as the core of the internal management system, and formed a "system consummation, the operating mechanism of effective management", effective eliminate operation risk and moral hazard of rural credit cooperatives, management risk prevention and control.References:[1] in the cooperation TangShuangNing. Financial supervision and reform work conference speech [J]. China rural credit cooperative, 2006, (3).[2] of hainan province rural credit cooperatives in the third quarter of 2006 capital operation [R].
你用economics到Google里去搜索看看，好多这方面的论文呢。
或者像大家说的网上免费的翻译平台，搜狗翻译、谷歌翻译这些也可以，但是免费的机器翻译的结果目前来说准确率还不是很高，你的是学术论文，建议还是找人工翻译比较好，我论文翻译找的是北京译顶科技，那边都是人工翻译
翻译比较急的话，可以找机构，比如北京译顶科技，省事省力。
是的，到时就是能一看看出机器翻译，因为机器翻译死板而且错误百出。不要因小失大。您好，我是一个英语专业研究生。希望可以帮到您
论文用到的专业性词汇比较多，很多时候在写英文的时候可能会感到困难，我用过的是这个，你看一下吧。
第一步，在首页三大板块中点击【文档翻译】。
第二步，点击【选择文件】，从电脑中选中文件（注意这篇文档里只放论文摘要部分），点击【打开】。
第三步，文件上传之后，看到翻译语种选择，设置为【简体中文】转换【英语】，点击右下角【立即翻译】。
第四步，等到翻译完成，屏幕上会跳出温馨提示，点击【查看文件】，就能找到保存在电脑上已经翻译成英文的论文摘要了。
通常来说现在的论文摘要翻译要注意的是有关时态基本上有两种:一般现在时、一般过去时。由于学术论文写作通常采用一般现在时,摘要也多用一般现在时。目的、方法、结果及结论部分多用一般现在时,背景介绍常采用一般过去时。一般现在时用于描述研究目的和范围、研究内容、结果和结论;一般过去时用于描述论文撰写前作者已做的工作,也可用于表示转述已发表文献的报导、讨论和研究内容。具体的细节信息，你可以来58期刊网看看。
毕业论文外文翻译：将外文参考文献翻译成中文版本。
翻译要求：
1、选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。
2、选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。
3、外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。
参考文献是在学术研究过程中，对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴。征引过的文献在注释中已注明,不再出现于文后参考文献中。外文参考文献就是指论文是引用的文献原文是国外的，并非中国的。
原文就是指原作品,原件，即作者所写作品所用的语言。如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》原文是英语。
译文就是翻译过来的文字，如在中国也可以找到莎士比亚《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的中文版本，这个中文版本就称为译文。
主要标准
翻译是语际交流过程中沟通不同语言的桥梁。一般来说，翻译的标准主要有两条：忠实和通顺。
忠实
是指忠实于原文所要传递的信息，也就是说，把原文的信息完整并且准确地表达出来，使译文读者得到的信息与原文读者得到的信息大致相同。
通顺
是指译文规范、明白易懂，没有文理不通、结构混乱、逻辑不清的现象。
实践产生理论，欧美许多国家的翻译理论是五花八门的。从大的方面来看，可以分为两大派：一派是翻译可能论，一派是翻译不可能论。其实，完完全全百分之百的可能是没有的，完完全全百分之百的不可能也是没有的。
世界上一切翻译活动都是在这两个极端之间进行的。欧洲许多著名的人物，比如马丁·路德、M.阿诺德、F.W.纽曼、J.B.波斯特加特、H.白洛克、Fr.R.诺克斯、V.那巴可夫等等，都对翻译提出了自己的理论。据《开塞尔世界文学百科全书》的意见，这些理论中有些是刚愎自用的。
毕业论文外文翻译：将外文参考文献翻译成中文版本。翻译要求：1、选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。2、选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。3、外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。参考文献是在学术研究过程中,对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴.征引过的文献在注释中已注明,不再出现于文后参考文献中。外文参考文献就是指论文是引用的文献原文是国外的，并非中国的。 原文就是指原作品,原件，即作者所写作品所用的语言。如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》原文是英语。译文就是翻译过来的文字，如在中国也可以找到莎士比亚《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的中文版本，这个中文版本就称为译文。扩展资料：外文翻译需要注意的问题1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文，且写在中文译文的右上角（不是放在页眉处）；会议要求：名称、地点、年份、卷（期），等 。2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。3、abstract翻译成“摘要”，不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。5、introduction 翻译成“引言”(不是导言)。6、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用，不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”，等。 7、注意排版格式，都是单排版，行距1.25，字号小4号，等（按照格式要求）。8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴，但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。 9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴，要自己重新录入、重新画表格。
（最好）不要某宝，不要个人，一定要选一个正规的润色机构——服务有保障，有售后，北京译顶科技做的不错，可以联系他们一下 终身满意。