如果要翻译SCI文稿,还是建议找学术翻译公司会比较放心,比如清北医学翻译,希望对您有帮助。
建议editsprings,觉得还是可以的。
据学术堂了解在阅读SCI论文时,英文的翻译总是会难倒很多人。今天为大家整理了一些好用的英文翻译工具,总有一款适合你!
1、谷歌浏览器翻译
在百度搜索引擎或者360软件管家中搜索“谷歌浏览器”,因谷歌浏览器默认安装C盘,所以直接点击安装即可。待安装完成后点击设置,点击管理搜索引擎,将默认搜索引擎修改为百度或者其他(因防火墙限制,不要修改为Google),这样就可以正常使用谷歌浏览器。
具体使用方法是:
把PDF或者word文档导出为HTML格式,用谷歌浏览器打开。然后点击右键,选择翻译成中文即可。
这是一篇论文翻译之后的结果:
2、SCI Translate9.0
目前有9.0普通版以及VIP版,两者区别在于:
VIP版内置Google 人工智能云翻译引擎,翻译精准度号称史上最强;
VIP版没有广告。
最重要的是两个版本都不需要用户再输入API了!
3、word自带微软翻译
打开Word,建议2016版及以上的Word,在审阅这一工具栏中,可以看到翻译选项,点开后有三个选项:
1)翻译文档:点击后,会自动跳转自微软翻译的网页,对全文进行翻译;
2)翻译所选文字:选中后会在右边的框中显示翻译好的内容;
3)翻译屏幕提示:点击后,只要你选中文字,不管是单词还是段落,都会跳出翻译好的窗口,相当于翻译软件中的选词翻译;
4、Lingoes
Lingoes 是一款简明易用的词典与文本翻译软件,支持全球超过80多种语言的词典查询、全文翻译、屏幕取词、划词翻译、例句搜索、网络释义和真人语音朗读功能。同时还提供海量词库免费下载,专业词典、百科全书、例句搜索和网络释义一应俱全,是新一代的词典与文本翻译专家。
在阅读SCI论文时,英文的翻译总是会难倒很多人。今天学术堂为大家整理了一些好用的英文翻译工具,总有一款适合你!
1、谷歌浏览器翻译
在百度搜索引擎或者360软件管家中搜索“谷歌浏览器”,因谷歌浏览器默认安装C盘,所以直接点击安装即可。待安装完成后点击设置,点击管理搜索引擎,将默认搜索引擎修改为百度或者其他(因防火墙限制,不要修改为Google),这样就可以正常使用谷歌浏览器。
具体使用方法是:
把PDF或者word文档导出为HTML格式,用谷歌浏览器打开。然后点击右键,选择翻译成中文即可。
这是一篇论文翻译之后的结果:
优点:页面简洁,使用方便,随开随用,不用担心软件升级问题,也不会弹出各种小广告,多种语言随时切换,支持段落翻译,极其方便,只要有网就能翻译。
缺点:功能比较单一,排版比较乱,界面不是很美观。
2、SCI Translate9.0
目前有9.0普通版以及VIP版,两者区别在于:
VIP版内置Google 人工智能云翻译引擎,翻译精准度号称史上最强;
VIP版没有广告。
最重要的是两个版本都不需要用户再输入API了!
3、专业词汇翻译--MedSci
MedSci,拼写检查及中英互译 ,收录超过200万个专业词汇,尤其是对新词的收录能力强。象生物医药领域出现的新词,或复杂的化学名均有收录,很全面,更新及时。与各家相比,算是更全面。
学校的数据库,中国知网应该都有,根据专业也可以选择国外比较有名的数据库,推荐几个我用过的吧ABI,ACM,ASTP,American Chemical Society ,Blackwell Science-Blackwell synergy EBSCO综合类,强烈推荐,Engineering Index 工科是离不开EI的,IEEE 电子类必备,HighWire Press,ISI学术权威 ,National Technical Information Service 个人比较喜欢的,推荐
多家比较价格和服务涵盖项目,然后根据自己的实际需求,选择一家最适合自己的服务,这才是明智之举。找北京译顶科技,性价比高,我就是在那边做的。你可以统一去知道了解下
问题一:论文的外文参考文献从哪里找呢 在中国期刊网ki/里找,有那种英文的文献,之后翻译过来。万方、维普都可以。或者直接到外人数据库找。 APS美国物理学会电子出版物 AIP美国物理研究所电子出版物 ASME美国机械工程师学会电子期刊 ASCE美国土木工程协会电子期刊 ACS美国化学学会数据库 IOP英国皇家物理学会户刊 RSC英国皇家化学学会期刊 AIAA美国航空航天学会 John Wiley电子期刊 Kluwer电子期刊 Springer LINK 电子期刊 EBSCO学术、商业信息数据库 Elsevier Science IEEE/IEE Electronic Library ACM Digital Library 但估计你们学校没有数据库。 如果找不到干脆找个中文的自己翻译过来算了。 问题二:外文参考文献怎么找 在中国期刊网ki/里找,有那种英文的文献,之后翻译过来。万方、维普都可以。或者直接到外人数据库找。 APS美国物理学会电子出版物 AIP美国物理研究所电子出版物 ASME美国机械工程师学会电子期刊 ASCE美国土木工程协会电子期刊 ACS美国化学学会数据库 IOP英国皇家物理学会期刊 RSC英国皇家化学学会期刊 AIAA美国航空航天学会 John Wiley电子期刊 Kluwer电子期刊 Springer LINK 电子期刊 EBSCO学术、商业信息数据库 Elsevier Science IEEE/IEE Electronic Library ACM Digital Library 但估计你们学校没有数据库。 如果找不到干脆找个中文的自己翻译过来算了。 问题三:写论文怎么找外文文献 中国知网――ki你可以访问国家图书馆,找到学士论文那一项,再往下分类。或者高级搜索外文文献。 斯普林格(Splinger)――外国网站,如果你们学校买了的话就可以看,很多检索需要验证IP的。 到最近的大学办个图书证,花钱办的,还要带身份证或者学生证。都有外文图书室的。 别的就要看您什么专业,有专业用的检索网站等等。 通过看相关的中文文献,找到他们用的参考书,再把那本书弄到手看看有没有用。(我常用)这个不会出错,而且经常有翻译版。 问题四:查找下载学术论文和外文文献都有哪些途径和方法?具体一点 最常见的是知网。对于外文文献主要还有以下一些网站。楼主要采纳哦! 问题五:毕业论文的外文文献去哪里能找到比较好的? 1、手工查找图书馆外文期刊常2、检索图书馆外文数据库 推荐两个外文数据库,分别是EBSCOhost(search.ebscohost)和WSN(worldscinet.lib.tsinghua.edu)。 3、利用搜索引擎检索 利用Google、GoogleScholar(谷歌学术scholar.google)或SCIRUS(scirus)等外文搜索引擎。 问题六:毕业论文的外文文献怎么找 有的 很多,是个人原创。 你好,帮你就是的,一份完整的 问题七:毕业论文的外文文献怎么找 有的 很多,是个人原创。 你好,帮你就是的,一份完整的 问题八:毕业论文外文文献在哪里找啊 15分 谷歌学术里可以找 不过你这个题目我估计是找不到外文文献的 问题九:一般在哪里下载英文论文文献 在淘宝里搜英文文献下载,就可以。也可以按店名来搜 “木虫屋” 就行,好像还可以代查,感觉挺方便的。 问题十:去哪找论文的外文文献? science鸡irect/在这个网站,就可以找对外文文献的.在all fiedls,输入关键词,
在某宝上面输入“毕业论文翻译神器”一下子就找到了。我用过,速度很快。当然好东西,也就不是免费的。不过,也不贵。也就一两块钱一页。我翻译了上万字,才花了10块钱。你可以去试试。这总比自己一句句翻块多了
科技是把双刃剑
Improvement in science and technology is a double-edged sword, offering comfort and convenience to life, while simultaneously bringing harm and pain to people.
When the development of science and technology brings mankind plenty of profits, it also brings us severely negative effects.
积极影响:positive effects
高科技对人类社会发展的积极影响
1、促进了社会生产力的迅速发展。
New scientific discovery and technical revolution are changing the social mode of production, promoting the development of the social productivity
2、提高了人们的物质和精神文化生活水平。
With the rapid development of science and technology,people's material and spiritual life have been greatly improved
现代科技成果广泛应用,使人们的闲暇生活变得丰富多彩,例如上网游戏,听音乐,看电影等。
Modern scientific and technological achievements are widely used to make people's leisure life rich and colorful, such as online games, listening to music, watching movies, etc.
3、极大地开阔了人类的视野和对物质世界的认识水平。improve human's cognitive ability and knowledge
Science and technology has greatly broadened our vision and understanding of the material world level
4、有力的应对自然灾难
With the advance of the science and technology, the power of human being to conquer natural disasters is so increasingly improved that the confidence of human is greatly strengthened.
5、提高了人类的身体健康水平。
Science and technology make human enjoy better medical conditions
Man's life span has been increased with the advance of the medical science.
消极影响:
高科技对于自然生态的破坏作用,全球变暖、物种灭绝速度加快,极端气候
1、it can cause global warming,the damage of ecological balance,the
acceleration of species extinction rate and more frequent extreme weather
2、高科技拉大了富国与贫国的差距
Technology has widened the gap between rich and poor countries
3、高科技对传统文化的影响。
Modern technology challenges the traditional culture
4、高科技对道德伦理观念的挑战。
Modern technology challenges our ethics and morality.
5、高科技对于人类安全的.负面影响
The improvement of science and technology causes negative impacts on human security and peace
With the development of science and technology,people's lives have been greatly changed.There is no doubt that we benefit a lot from the scientific advancements in many different ways.For instance,the invention of computers dramatically increases work efficiency and helps complete many difficult tasks that were impossible in the past.Apart from this,new discoveries and technology in medicine improve people's health,which allows them to enjoy a longer life.The progress of science also enlarges human's ablilities to explore the world around them,from up into space to deep under the sea.Thanks to the development of science and technology,human society has enjoyed continuous prosperity and more convenience.
However,just like a double-edged sword,science can cause problems too.It is known to all that the nuclear power,an environmentally friendly source of energy,can also be developed into a weapon of mass destruction.In addition,human cloning,which is expected to cure many serious diseases and save lives,may bring disasters of social morality.As a matter of fact,most of the improvements in science are made at the cost of our precious natural resources and have done great harm to the environment where we live in.
Therefore,how to deal with the progress of science and technology properly is worth our careful consideration.
随着科学技术的发展,人们的生活已经大大改变了。毫无疑问,我们受益很多从科学进步在很多不同的方式。例如,电脑的发明极大地提高工作效率,帮助完成许多困难的任务,在过去是不可能的。除此之外,新发现和医学技术改善人们的健康,使他们享受更长的生活。科学的进步也扩大人类的能力去探索周围的世界,从太空深海底。由于科学和技术的发展,人类社会的持续繁荣和更方便。
然而,就像一把双刃剑,科学也可以造成问题。众所周知,核能,环保的能源,也可以发展成一个大规模杀伤性武器。此外,克隆人类,预计治愈许多严重的疾病和挽救生命,可能带来灾害的社会道德。作为事实上,大多数科学的改进都是我们宝贵的自然资源为代价的,我们生活的环境造成了极大的伤害。
因此,如何正确处理科学技术的进步是值得我们仔细研究。
I'm wangNan,a student of No.1 Middle School. I have a gooa friend,Jim.He' an USA girl.We are both in Class Two,Grade Eight.She is 15 years old,one year older than me. We both study hard.I'm good at physices,but she's good at math.We often help each other with lessons.Both of us like helping others. We both like sports very much.Jim enjoy playing basketball.but Ilike palying soccer. She likes green but Ilike red. Tough we are different in my ways,we are good friends
The development of science and technology makes our life more comfortable and convenient. However, scientists have created many problems, which are not easy to be resolved, such as air pollution, the deterioration of environment and the scarcity of natural resources, to which we must some solutions. Modern science and technology render people many advantages. Modern telecommunication shortens the distance between people and makes communication much easier. Internet is widely used now not only for collection of abundant information but also for correspondence. Email, the most effective communication device now, is becoming very popular. Besides, telephone and mobile phone make contact more convenient than before. Modern transportation, such as airplanes and high-speed trains make our journey smooth and fast. With the help of modern transportation, people can go everywhere they prefer to. The journey to outer space and other planets is not a dream any more. Rockets and space shuttles can help us realize the dream of space travel. Modern medicine prolongs peoples life and relieves patients of sufferings from many diseases. Cancer and AIDS are fatal to peoples health. Thanks to the endeavors scientists have made, these diseases become treatable. However, the process of scientific development also arouses many sever problems to our human beings. Internet, though widely used in modern communication, is easy to be destroyed by computer virus. Outer space exploration has produced much waste in the space. A tiny metal, a screw, for example can destroy a flying man-made satellite. Industrialization is making natural resources become scarce. Confronted with these problems, scientists are seeking prompt and feasible solutions. The development of science and technology bring about both positive and negative effects to us. We must eliminate the positive effects to the least extent. 可以自己删减 在提供一篇翻译的: 现代科技使生活更加便捷(Modern Technology Makes Life More Convenient) Modern technology makes life more convenient; tools are the milestores of the technology as well as human being’ s progress. Men used to cut trees with hand saw. But now, by using electronic saw they can cut down a tree in only a few minutes. Another example is more vivid: You have something urgent which has to be informed to your friend whose house is two hour’s ride away. You probably want to make a phone call. But no telephone is installed in your friend’ s home. What could you do? Nowadays, with modern technology advanting, using internet is popular with us. Some years ago, people had to get what they wanted through looking into a lot of information; at last people could become tired and spent too much time. Now, if you use Internet, all becomes a piece of cake. Only by clucking, you will gain what you expect. We all hope that modern technology will reach a higher level, because modern technology makes life more convenient indeed. [参考译文] 现代科技使生活更加便捷 现代科技使生活更加便捷;工具是科技进步和人类进步的里程碑.人类过去用手锯锯树,但是现在,用电锯可在几分钟内锯倒一棵树.另外一个例子更加生动形象:如果你有急事通知你的朋友,而他家距你家有2小时的路程,你可能想打个电话.但是你的朋友家又没安电话,你该怎么办?如今,随着现代科技的进步,使用网络已很流行.若干年前,人们不得不查找大量资料来搜集需要的信息,最后人累得疲惫不堪,还浪费了大量时间.现在,如果使用网络,一切就都是小菜一碟了.只要轻敲键盘,就会有求必应. 我们都期待着现代科技能达到一个更高的水平,因为现代科技确实使生活变得更便捷. 21st century is the century of technology. Nowadays, technology is everywhere around us. The development of technology has a significant affact toward the society. Several technologies that we usually use are the internet, computer, and cellphone. These new technologies make our life much easier and better. First, the development of computer changes our life. Decades ago, people needed to do lots of complex calculation on hand because they did not have computer, and more obvious, they did not have the software for calculation. As the result of that, people spent hours on the equations that a computer can solve in just a minute. Since the development of computer, people are able to use some kind of software to compute lots of complex functions and mathematical calculation. Computer becomes the most helpful equipment for the sciencists because they can use their time more efficiently. Also, internet is another useful tool for us today. The development of internet brings a great impact toward the society. Instead of going to library and fliping all the books to figure out some information, we can just simply use a mouse and click on the website to do research. The internet leads us to a place where we can find unlimited information and resources. It makes our life much easier and better. The last technology is cellphone. Nowadays, many people have a cellphone. But it just appears on the market for about 10 years. It is very convenience to the users because we can talk to anyone we want with a phone as small as a wallet. Also, we can communicate with others by making a phone call instead of sending letters. It is very fast and useful way to communicate. In conclusion, I believe the development of technology brings significant impact to our life. It is very helpful to us and I believe technology will keep improving in future. 高分范文 As is vividly depicted by the picture above, a traveler happily starts his journey by high-speed railway from Guangzhou to Wuhan. In the year of 2009, Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway went into operation, reducing travelling time from 12 hours to 3 hours, bringing much convenience to the transportation between the two cities①. No wonder the caption in the picture says “with the Wu-Guang high-speed railway, cities far away is just like a place nearby”. Science and technology are the primary productive forces② and have been playing a key role in the national economy development. On the one hand, progress in science and technology has promoted economic and social progress greatly. Take the high-speed railway as an example. Firstly, the railway becomes a new engine③ of booming of regional economic. Secondly, the railway helps to attract a lot of tourists, so that tourism in these cities flourishes. Last but not the least, the load of the existing transportation network can be released to a great extent. On the other hand, with the development of science and technology, such as the operation of high-speed transportation, video phone, webcam meeting, the world has become smaller and smaller. It has long been a tradition for Chinese government to attach great importance to the advances④ in science and technology. Science and technology has successfully shaped an entirely new image of China on global stage via the two grand world events, 2008 Olympic Games and 2010 Shanghai World Expo. It is strongly advised that young people should devote themselves into the study of science and technology for “better city, better life”. 佳作妙译 如上图所示,一位旅客从广州踏上了去往武汉的高速铁路.2009年,武广高铁正式建成通车,将两地之间的行程从12小时缩短到3小时,极大地方便了两地的交通.难怪这幅漫画上写道“有了武广高铁,每个城市都在家门口”. 科技是第一生产力,在国民经济发展中扮演着重要角色.一方面,科技的进步促进了经济社会的快速进步.高速铁路就是鲜活的例子.首先这条铁路成为地区经济发展新的引擎.其次铁路吸引了大量游客,这些城市的旅游业随之繁荣起来.再次这条铁路很大程度上缓解了现有线路的运输压力.另一方面,随着科技的发展,高速铁路,视频电话,视频会议等应用会越来越多,世界将变得越来越小. 中国政府一直很重视科技的发展,通过2008北京奥运会和2010上海世博两件盛事,科技成功地重塑了中国在世界舞台上的国际形象.因此青少年要怀着“城市,让生活更美好”的信念,积极投身到对科技文化知识的学习上.
翻译如下:
杰克:安妮,我有一点紧张。下周一我必须读完一本书,并且做一个报告。
安妮:那听起来不太糟糕。
杰克:但是我读得很慢。
安妮:首先要快读以便知道大意,不要逐字地读。读词组。
杰克:但是很多单词我不知道。我必须用字典。
安妮:尽量通过读上下句来猜点词的意思。你很可能比你认为的要知道得多。
杰克:那听起来很难!
安妮:嗯,耐心点。这需要时间。你每天可以读一些你喜欢的东西,这样你就会提高的。你读得越多你将读得越快。
翻译英文的技巧:
第一、转换句子法
顾名思义,转换句子法就是在英译中,或者中译英的翻译题里,为了使将要译出的句子符合中文/英文里面的表达习惯、方法和方式等目标,而把题目中原句的语态、所用词类以及句型等进行处理转换。
1、在语态上,把主动语态变为被动语态(中译英),或者把被动语态变为主动语态(英译中)。
2、在词性上面,用介词、形容词、副词、名词等来替换原来的动词,用动词、形容词、代词来替代名词,或者用短语、副词来替代形容词。
3、在句子成分的方面,用表语、定语、状语、宾语来替换主语,用表语、主语、定语转换谓语,或者用主语、状语转换定语。
4、在句型上面,可以把简单句和复杂句互换,复合句痛并列句互换,或将定语从句转化为状语从句。
第二、省略翻译法
这与最开始提到的增译法相反,就是要求你把不符合汉语,或者英语的表达的方式、思维的习惯或者语言的习惯的部分删去,以免使所翻译出的句子沉杂累赘。
1、可以用百度翻译,将文章复制进去,进行自动翻译,之后再自己进行检查修改2、可以用谷歌翻译,将文章复制进去,进行自动翻译,之后再自己进行检查修改3、TRY CAN 这是一个翻译平台,可以注册账号发布任务,这里是人工翻译,错误率小4、也可以直接在百度知道平台进行发布,付出一定的财富值,进行悬赏
1.在百度搜索英文翻译软件。2.将整篇文章粘贴到翻译框。3.选择翻译成哪国的语言,如果是英文,就是汉译英。4.点击翻译,将整篇文章翻译成英文。5.注意:电脑上翻译肯定不如人工翻译精准,但可以参考。
百度文档翻译有专业的机器进行翻译,可以单个翻译word文档,也可以批量翻译,还支持PDF,PPT等多种格式文件,以及一些专业词汇较多的文章,术语定制,翻译效果又快又好;
第一步:将需要翻译的word文档上传至百度文档翻译;
上传文件界面
第二步:选择需要翻译的语种,不仅有中英互译,还有中韩互译,中日互译等,支持200+语种互译;
翻译语言选择
第三步:导出翻译文件就可以啦,文件格式还可以做到输出完整,高保真。
一、参考文献著录格式 1 、期刊作者.题名〔J〕.刊名,出版年,卷(期)∶起止页码 2、 专著作者.书名〔M〕.版本(第一版不著录).出版地∶出版者,出版年∶起止页码 3、 论文集作者.题名〔C〕.编者.论文集名,出版地∶出版者,出版年∶起止页码 4 、学位论文作者.题名〔D〕.保存地点.保存单位.年份 5 、专利文献题名〔P〕.国别.专利文献种类.专利号.出版日期 6、 标准编号.标准名称〔S〕 7、 报纸作者.题名〔N〕.报纸名.出版日期(版次) 8 、报告作者.题名〔R〕.保存地点.年份 9 、电子文献作者.题名〔电子文献及载体类型标识〕.文献出处,日期 二、文献类型及其标识 1、根据GB3469 规定,各类常用文献标识如下: ①期刊〔J〕 ②专著〔M〕 ③论文集〔C〕 ④学位论文〔D〕 ⑤专利〔P〕 ⑥标准〔S〕 ⑦报纸〔N〕 ⑧技术报告〔R〕 2、电子文献载体类型用双字母标识,具体如下: ①磁带〔MT〕 ②磁盘〔DK〕 ③光盘〔CD〕 ④联机网络〔OL〕 3、电子文献载体类型的参考文献类型标识方法为:〔文献类型标识/载体类型标识〕。例如: ①联机网上数据库〔DB/OL〕 ②磁带数据库〔DB/MT〕 ③光盘图书〔M/CD〕 ④磁盘软件〔CP/DK〕 ⑤网上期刊〔J/OL〕 ⑥网上电子公告〔EB/OL〕 三、举例 1、期刊论文 〔1〕周庆荣,张泽廷,朱美文,等.固体溶质在含夹带剂超临界流体中的溶解度〔J〕.化工学报,1995(3):317—323 〔2〕Dobbs J M, Wong J M. Modification of supercritical fluid phasebehavior using polor coselvent〔J〕. Ind Eng Chem Res, 1987,26:56 〔3〕刘仲能,金文清.合成医药中间体4-甲基咪唑的研究〔J〕.精细化工,2002(2):103-105 〔4〕 Mesquita A C, Mori M N, Vieira J M, et al . Vinyl acetate polymerization by ionizing radiation〔J〕.Radiation Physics and Chemistry,2002, 63:465 2、专著 〔1〕蒋挺大.亮聚糖〔M〕.北京:化学工业出版社,2001.127 〔2〕Kortun G. Reflectance Spectroscopy〔M〕. New York: Spring-Verlag,1969 3、论文集 〔1〕郭宏,王熊,刘宗林.膜分离技术在大豆分离蛋白生产中综合利用的研究〔C〕.//余立新.第三届全国膜和膜过程学术报告会议论文集.北京:高教出版社,1999.421-425 〔2〕Eiben A E, vander Hauw J K.Solving 3-SAT with adaptive genetic algorithms 〔C〕.//Proc 4th IEEE Conf Evolutionary Computation.Piscataway: IEEE Press, 1997.81-86 4、学位论文 〔1〕陈金梅.氟石膏生产早强快硬水泥的试验研究(D).西安:西安建筑科学大学,2000 〔 2 〕 Chrisstoffels L A J . Carrier-facilitated transport as a mechanistic tool in supramolecular chemistry〔D〕.The Netherland:Twente University.1988 5、专利文献 〔1〕Hasegawa, Toshiyuki, Yoshida,et al.Paper Coating composition〔P〕.EP 0634524.1995-01-18 〔 2 〕 仲前昌夫, 佐藤寿昭. 感光性树脂〔 P 〕. 日本, 特开平09-26667.1997-01-28 〔3〕Yamaguchi K, Hayashi A.Plant growth promotor and productionthereof 〔P〕.Jpn, Jp1290606. 1999-11-22 〔4〕厦门大学.二烷氨基乙醇羧酸酯的制备方法〔P〕.中国发明专利,CN1073429.1993-06-23 6、技术标准文献 〔1〕ISO 1210-1982,塑料——小试样接触火焰法测定塑料燃烧性〔S〕 〔2〕GB 2410-80,透明塑料透光率及雾度实验方法〔S〕 7、报纸 〔1〕陈志平.减灾设计研究新动态〔N〕.科技日报,1997-12-12(5) 8、报告 〔1〕中国机械工程学会.密相气力输送技术〔R〕.北京:1996 9、电子文献 〔1〕万锦柔.中国大学学报论文文摘(1983-1993)〔DB/CD〕.北京:中国百科全书出版社,1996
2. 翻译格式:(1)外文(附被翻译外文资料原件的复印件);(2)翻译成中文格式:①标题 ②署名 ③翻译正文 ④外文著录正文主体 由于涉及的学科、选题、研究方法、工作进程、结果表达方式等有很大差异,对正文主体很难作统一的规定,但一般包括绪论(前言)、正文和结论三部分。一级标题为三号黑体字,二、三级标题为四号黑体字,内容为小四号宋体,首行缩进二字符。