一、考点归纳
非谓语动词是整个高中阶段的重点语法项目,也是高考的必考点,出题形式主要体现在语法填空与写作上。非谓语动词的主要考点有:
考点一:不定式和动名词作主语
1. 不定式表示具体或者一次性的动作,而动名词表示一般或习惯的概念。
2. 在写作中,动词不定式和动名词作主语常用it作形式主语,把作真正主语的不定式和动名词短语移到句末,以使句子平衡。
考点二:不定式、动名词和分词作表语
1. 动词不定式作表语表示具体或即将发生的动作,而动名词表示习惯动作或者一般概念,或说明主语的内容。
2. 现在分词与过去分词在句中作表语其实就相当于形容词作表语。现在分词常译为“令人……的”,一般形容事物;过去分词译为“感到……的”多用来形容人。常见的动词有interest,excite,thrill,frighten,surprise,shock,confuse,puzzle,please,bore等。
考点三:不定式和动名词作宾语
1. 后面只能接动名词作宾语的动词主要有:finish,avoid,suggest,consider,appreciate,admit,delay等。
2. 只能接动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有:refuse,demand,agree,manage,decide,fail,intend,dare,offer,pretend,promise,expect等。
3. 既可接动名词又可接动词不定式(意思不同)的动词主要有:stop,go on,regret,remember,forget,try,mean等。
4. 接动名词表示被动意义的动词主要有意为“需要”的require,want和need等。
考点四:不定式和分词作宾语补足语
1. 接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有:tell,ask,expect,inspire,encourage,allow,remind,persuade,require,force,forbid等。
2. 感官动词(feel,see,watch,notice,find,observe等)与使役性动词(let,make,have等)后可接省略to的动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语。前两者都表示宾语与宾补有主动关系,区别在于不定式侧重动作的全过程,而现在分词强调动作正在进行;过去分词则表示与宾语是动宾关系,即有“被动”之意。注意:作宾补的不定式变为被动句时要加上to。
考点五:不定式、动名词和分词作定语
1. 动名词说明名词的功能,不定式强调动作正在进行。如:
动名词:a sleep car卧铺,a reading room阅览室
现在分词:a sleeping baby一个正熟睡的婴儿
2. 当被修饰的名词或代词与非谓语动词为主动关系或强调动作正在进行,则选用现在分词;被修饰的词与非谓语动词为动宾关系或者表示动作已经完成,则用过去分词。另外,分词作定语可以转化为定语从句。
3. 动词不定式作后置定语表示将要发生,表情态意义或者完成的动作。如:
Do you know the new teacher to teach us next term?(表将来)
= Do you know the new teacher who will teach us next term?
Louis is the proper person to help us out.(表情态意义)
=Louis is the proper person who can help us out.
考点六:不定式和分词作状语
1. 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,用动词不定式。
2. 分词可在句子中作伴随、时间、让步、原因、结果、条件和方式状语,且可转化为相应的状语从句。
Working hard,you will succeed.=If you work hard,you will succeed.如果你努力工作,你会成功的。
His father died,leaving him a great sum of debts.=His father died,so that he left him a great sum of debts.他父亲去世了,结果留下一大笔债务。
Noticing something was wrong,the young man lowered his head and walked to his seat. =When the young man noticed something was wrong...留意到情况不对劲,年轻人低着头走到了自己的位置上。
Offered a small part,he promised to make every effort to perform to the best. =Although he was offered a small...虽然被提供了一个小角色,他答应尽一切努力演好它。
二、解法指导
语法填空题中,若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v-ing形式,-ed形式,还是to do,确定的方法主要有:
(1)作主语或宾语,通常用v-ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体情况。
(2)作表语主要是现在分词或过去分词。
(3)作宾语补足语则为do,v-ing,v-ed形式。
(3)作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式。
(4)作伴随状语,通常用分词,若与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词(v-ing);若是被动关系,用过去分词(-ed)。
注意:非谓语动词的解题关键在于找到非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
写作中,可以用分词短语作后置定语代替定语从句,或作状语代替状语从句来整合信息。
三、真题破解
[例1](2013年广东)....but everyone added a little,always 25 (think)that it was only small and not very important,and look where we have ended up today.
解析:句子已经有一个谓语added,且think前没有并列连词,因此判断为非谓语动词;又因think在句子中作状语,与其逻辑主语是主动关系,故用现在分词thinking。
[例2](2011年广东)I got on the bus and found a seat near the back,and then I noticed a man 18 (sit)at the front.
解析:考查感官动词后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语,宾语a man与sit在逻辑上是主动关系,可以填sit或sitting根据语境,此处强调动作正在发生,故最佳答案是sitting。
[例3](2013年基础写作)What’s more,it is greatly important for them to try to keep a good relationship with other members. 再者,对他们而言,重要的是与他人保持良好关系。
解析:动词不定式为句子的真正主语,it作形式主语。
[例4](2011年基础写作)A book entitled Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother was published in 2010. 一本书名为《虎妈战歌》的书出版于2010年。
解析:过去分词短语作后置定语,相当于定语从句:which was entitled Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother。
四、即时练习
语法填空 用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1 (fall) in love with a beautiful girl,a lion went to her parents and asked them 2 (marry) her to him.
The old parents did not know what to say.
Not 3 (like)the idea of giving their daughter to the lion,they did not want 4 (anger) the king of beasts.
At last the father said,“We are as glad as other parents
5 (marry)our daughter to you,but we fear that you might possibly hurt her. So 6 (remove)your claws and teeth,you can marry her.”
7 (love) the girl very much,the lion trimmed(修剪)his claws and took out his big teeth. 8 (come)to the parents again,he was simply laughed in his face. 9 (beat)out of the house,the lion felt 10 (depress) and died soon.
写作运用 请以约120个词就“财富与幸福”发表你的看法,要点包括:
(1)有些人认为财富能带来快乐,他们通过辛勤劳动挣得财富。
(2)也有些人认为财富不能给他们带来幸福,举例说明。
(3)你的看法?
[写作要求]注意恰当运用非谓语动词。
参考答案或范文
语法填空
故事寓意: 有些人轻易相信别人的话,抛弃自己的长处,结果轻而易举地被原来害怕自己的人击败了。
答案:1. Falling 2. to marry 3. liking 4. to anger 5. to marry 6. removing 7. Loving 8. Coming 9. Beaten 10. depressed
解析:1,3,5,6,7,8,9为非谓语动词作状语;2为动词不定式作宾语补足语;4为动词不定式作宾语;10为过去分词作表语。
写作运用
Wealth and happiness
Some people prefer wealth,thinking it can bring happiness to them. It is true that most of them try to acquire wealth by means of honest labor. They work hard and overcome many difficulties. Doing this,they feel very happy and pleased. In their view,spending money is a kind of happiness.
But others disagree,believing wealth can’t bring them happiness. For example,Hearing that one gets a fortune,the family members will come from different parts of the country and try to share the wealth with him. And afterwards,they will quarrel with one another,trying to share more. And sometimes even bloody fight and killing appear. What a terrible result!
In my opinion,I think there is no doubt that wealth brings happiness,especially in the modern society. Having money,you can lead a comfortable and colorful life. But we should take a proper attitude towards wealth. Remember:money is not everything.
分析:这是一篇典型的发表个人看法类的写作,短文中多处使用非谓语动词代替状语从句或定语从句的表达,达到简洁明了的效果。
总之,在平时的备考中,我们可以从非谓语动词的用法比较中总结它们的用法区别。