发布时间：
论文摘要体现了论文的关键核心内容，是论文翻译的重要内容。在翻译科技论文时，我们可以适当地使用被动语态，使整个文章更加客观。被动语态的表达方式可以扩大句子的信息量，突出相关的概念。同时，要注意论文涉及的关键词翻译要准确、经得起推敲。
Abstract：There is still a distinctive Han nationality, Tunbao people, who live together in Guizhou today. People here, living an unsocial reclusive life, still keep the cultures and customs of Ming Dinasty from generation to generation,and form the unique Tunbao Culture. In this culture, Dixi, a folk opera preveiling in Tunbao region, is the most noticeable part. It wins Tunbao people’s affection for its rough, riot art character, and profound cultural meaning, and becomes gradually a spiritual carrier and symbol of Tunbao people in the great change of 600 years. Key words: Tunbao people, Tunbao culture, Dixi Opera
Along with the education science's and technology's swift development, the humanity realized more and more decides the successful only essential factor to intelligence quotient (IQ). The science proved that discusses a request (EQ) to have the influential role regarding a person's success. Since long, under our country shopping online's pattern has “the heavy intelligence quotient discusses a request lightly” the one-sided education idea, from this has caused student's many questions. More and more students display frailly, selfish, indifferent, are not self-confident, even had the minority student to present the suicide, the crime and so on violent behavior, our country students has discussed a request the present situation to be worrying. The 21st century our country educates the primary mission is enhances and promotes the people quality full scale development, an education for all-around development important content is develops the student happy, the positive emotion and molds the student perfect personality. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization proposed that in the future talented person's three standards namely “the academic society will study”, “the academic society survival”, “the academic society cooperation”, “the academic society survival”, “the academic society cooperation” will contain is discussing a request the education content. Therefore unifies our country students to discuss a request the present situation and the new century to talented person's request, discusses a request the education to be imperative. The present paper establishment studies in the predecessor above the foundation, through to discusses a request and discusses a request the education related literature and the books carries on the reorganization, the analysis and the resonsideration, elaborated the value which discusses a request and discusses a request aspect and so on education significance, importance contents, and aims at our country to discuss a request the education present situation, proposed the improvement method and the key to the situation. 情商；EQ情商教育；EQ education素质 Quality
Along with the education science's and technology's swift development, the humanity realized more and more decides the successful only essential factor to intelligence quotient (IQ). The science proved that discusses a request (EQ) to have the influential role regarding a person's success. since long, under our country shopping online's pattern has “the heavy intelligence quotient discusses a request lightly” the one-sided education idea, from this has caused student's many questions. More and more students display frailly, selfish, indifferent, are not self-confident, even had the minority student to present the suicide, the crime and so on violent behavior, our country students has discussed a request the present situation to be worrying. the 21st century our country educates the primary mission is enhances and promotes the people quality full scale development, an education for all-around development important content is develops the student happy, the positive emotion and molds the student perfect personality. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization proposed that in the future talented person's three standards namely “the academic society will study”, “the academic society survival”, “the academic society cooperation”, “the academic society survival”, “the academic society cooperation” will contain is discussing a request the education content. Therefore unifies our country students to discuss a request the present situation and the new century to talented person's request, discusses a request the education to be imperative. the present paper establishment above the foundation which the predecessor studies, through to discusses a request and discusses a request the education related literature and the books carries on the reorganization, the analysis and the resonsideration, elaborated the value which discusses a request and discusses a request aspect and so on education significance, importance contents, and aims at our country to discuss a request the education present situation, proposed the improvement method and the key to the situation. key word: Discussing a request; Discusses a request the education; Quality
graduation thesis
Graduation thesis
毕业论文thesis[英][ˈθi:sɪs][美][ˈθisɪs]n.论文，毕业论文; 论点，论题; 命题; 复数：theses易混淆单词：THESIS例句: completed his doctorate in 1999 with his thesis on the technical subject of structural design. 1999年，朱竞翔获得博士学位，博士论文写的是结构设计的技术问题。 is a beguilingly simple thesis, one particularly attractive to the western business executives who have joinedthe china gold rush. 但这是一个具有欺骗性的简单论点，对参与中国淘金浪潮的西方企业高管尤其有吸引力。 have a grand new thesis of the emerging markets. 我们现在得出了一套全新的新兴市场理论。 question now is whether the overstretch thesis was wrong or simply premature. 目前问题是，过度扩张说是错误命题还是只是言之过早。 thesis is that women still do so badly at work mainly because we are not ambitious enough. 书的主题是：女性的工作表现仍如此糟糕，主要是因为我们不够有雄心。同义词：dissertation[英][ˌdɪsəˈteɪʃn][美][ˌdɪsərˈteɪʃn]n.专题论文，学位论文; 学术演讲; essay[英][ˈeseɪ][美][ˈɛsˌe, ɛˈse]n.散文; 随笔，杂记文; 尝试，企图; 试验; vt.尝试; 试验; 经常说的：English dissertation(英语论文)Graduation thesis(毕业论文)
Thesis For Graduation毕业论文Thesis For Academic Degree学位论文Thesis表示比较严肃的文章，是带有一定目的的，研究性的文章。学位论文，研究报告。
论文摘要的英文翻译如下：
第一步：题名翻译
1、题名常见句型：一般用名词性短语（词组式），不能用不定式或完整句式。
基本句型为：
Research of ...（对于XXX的研究）；
Study on...（基于XXX的研究）；
Design of...（关于XXX的设计）；
Research and Application of...（XXX的研究与运用）
2、基本要求：准确、清楚。
第二步：摘要翻译
1、摘要： Abstract（第一行居中）
2、语言结构：
语态：一般为被动语态（The research is consisted with five parts...“本论文包括五个部分”。）
时态：目的用将来时（The purpose of the research is to...）；方法和结果用过去时（The research method was.../It was showed that...）；结论用一般现在时（The research shows that...）。
第三步：关键词Key words
（“Key”的首字母大写，其余全部小写）。英译关键词时，词与词之间的标点也由“;”改成“,”。
论文摘要写什么：
1、 文字简明扼要：文字必须十分简练，内容需要充分概括
2、编写时要客观、如实地反映一次文献，切不可加进文摘编写者的主观见解、解释或评论。
3、结构严谨，表达简明，语义确切。摘要先写什么，后写什么，要按逻辑顺序来安排。句子之间要上下连贯，互相呼应。句型应力求简单，慎用长句。每句话要表意明白，无空泛、笼统、含混之词。
4、要着重反映文稿中的新观点。
摘要的四要素：
①目的：研究的目的、范围、重要性。
②方法：采用的手段和方法。
③结果：完成了哪些工作取得的数据和结果。
④结论：得出的重要结论及主要观点，论文的新见解。
基于此，本文以人文主义理论和建构主义理论为依据，结合初中英语教学实例，从教师，学生，考试制度三个方面分析初中英语教学中学生跨文化意识培养所存在的问题及其成因，并探讨在中学英语教学中培养学生跨文化意识的原则及途径，旨在更加有效的帮助学生培养其跨文化意识，提高学习兴趣，从而提高跨文化交际能力。Based on this, based on the theory of humanism and constructivism, combined with junior English teaching examples, this article analyzes the problems and causes of cross-cultural awareness training among junior middle school students in English teaching from the aspects of teachers, students, and examination systems. The principles and approaches for cultivating students' cross-cultural awareness in English teaching in middle schools are designed to help students develop their cross-cultural awareness more effectively and improve their interest in learning so as to improve their intercultural communicative competence.
写论文摘要时以一般现在时为主。
介绍背景知识时，要用一般现在时，例如：
Speech recognition is the task of converting speech into text.
叙述研究现状时，也可以用一般现在时，例如：
This essay is to analyse how the era influences corporate cultures, and to give suggestions on the building of corporate cultures.
叙述研究结果时，大多数用一般过去时，例如：
Our text achieved the possibility above.
翻译：Study on the Internet Addiction of College Students Society-- the typical casesWith the development of living standard and the and the popularity of the Internet, network and its derivative products into all aspects of people's lives. The emergence of the Internet has brought great convenience for people's work, study and life, but with the Internet resources gradually rich, also brought a series of negative effect. Like a double-edged sword, it provides them with information exchange platform and convenient, but also make many lack the self-control of college students indulging in the network, do not think of learning, no progress, lost self. Now college students has become a universal phenomenon, although the proportion of Internet addiction in college students in the Internet is not very high, but after some research discovery, the problem of Internet Addiction College students are showing a growing trend, the physical and mental development of students had a major impact, the problem of College Students Internet Addiction has become a hot issue of common concern, psychology clinical study of sociology, etc..This paper mainly adopts the methods of analysis and literature research scale, behind the analysis from the personal, family, school, society, and the College Students Internet addiction phenomenon of sociological factors, for the treatment of Internet addiction patients, and prevention of this problem, and provide some opinions and suggestions.大学生网络成瘾：Internet Addiction of College Students社会工作：Social work原因分析：Analysis of the causes of治疗：Treatment希望能给你帮助！
Title:On the crime of polluting the environment Abstract: with the development of China's economy and the improvement of productivity, environmental pollution is becoming increasingly serious, the judicial practice of the crime of major environmental pollution accident before the difficult to play a role in the "criminal law amendment (eight)" after the introduction of the crime of major environmental pollution accident has made great changes, but there is still insufficient. How to make the crime of the new pollution environment better play a role in the judicial practice is one of the key issues of environmental governance at first chapter is an overview of the crime of polluting the environment, mainly about the concept and characteristics of this crime; the second chapter is the key elements of the crime of polluting the environment of the paper, mainly from the object of the crime, the objective aspect and subjective aspect, the objective aspect of crime, crime analysis results and the type of crime, the subjective aspect of the imputation principle of the key discussion; the third chapter is the identification of environmental pollution crime, mainly discusses the definition of the crime of crime and non crime, illegal disposal, the difference between causation and other crimes, and then discusses the legal punishment of the crime; the fourth chapter is about the suggestions, mainly is to refine the charges and increase the types of words: criminal law; criminal law amendment eight; environmental pollution
1.我们以一篇论文摘要为例。 打开智能翻译官,在首页三大板块中点击【文档翻译】。
2.点击【选择文件】,从电脑中选中文件(注意这篇文档里只放论文摘要部分),点击【打开】。
3.文件上传之后,看到翻译语种选择,设置为【简体中文】转换【英语】,点击右下角【立即翻译】。
百度翻译
适用场景：长/短文献
写英文摘要对很多人来说是一件非常痛苦的事，这时候不妨把中文文档上传到【百度翻译】，立马就能得到中英对照的翻译结果。
下载的时候可免费导出Word格式的文档，二次修改很方便~PS:百度翻译不支持上传PDF格式，需要转换成Word格式哦。
这个是在哪里看的？
写论文摘要时以一般现在时为主。
介绍背景知识时，要用一般现在时，例如：
Speech recognition is the task of converting speech into text.
叙述研究现状时，也可以用一般现在时，例如：
This essay is to analyse how the era influences corporate cultures, and to give suggestions on the building of corporate cultures.
叙述研究结果时，大多数用一般过去时，例如：
Our text achieved the possibility above.
论文的英文摘要注意事项如下：
英文摘要翻译一般应符合以下几点要求：目的、方法、结果和结论四要素应完整；逻辑关系应清晰，准确和恰当地运用词汇、语法和连词三种形式的语义连接；创新点应突出，应将创新点凝练，放在首句，进而符合英语的语言习惯，是原始创新还是改进，是机理方面还是方法的创新应给予明确。
简洁，尽量用短句，谓语动词应尽量靠近主语，突出主要的信息；规范，应选用标准的英语词汇，避免行话和俗语等不规范词汇；主题词英语标题和关键词中的一致。符合语法规则。
中文摘要一般无主语，一般的语言范式如介绍….、分析….、得出….，一个动词代表一个事件，选用他this paper为摘要的载体是，翻译方便，容易翻译成英文的焦点句，焦点在动词上，this paper 统领这个事件。
而用被动语态范式时，就变成了被介绍…、被分析…、被得出…,这样的缺点是，句子零散，多套主谓关系，而用this paper做主语时，只有一套主谓关系，科技英语的语用特点是，主语少，这样的表达客观、简洁、一目了然，动作的发出者最少得付出，得到最大的结果。
确定this paper 为主语后，选用一个动词能够体现所要表答的焦点，将介绍、分析和得出等动词转变成相应的动作名词，由所选定的动词统领这些抽象动作名词，实现一套主谓关系。
当以paper为主语时，谓语动词可以选用：deal with，be concerned with，highlight, investigate, stress, feature等，具体使用哪个动词取决于摘要所要表达的内容。
或者像大家说的网上免费的翻译平台，搜狗翻译、谷歌翻译这些也可以，但是免费的机器翻译的结果目前来说准确率还不是很高，你的是学术论文，建议还是找人工翻译比较好，我论文翻译找的是北京译顶科技，那边都是人工翻译
1.我们以一篇论文摘要为例。 打开智能翻译官,在首页三大板块中点击【文档翻译】。
2.点击【选择文件】,从电脑中选中文件(注意这篇文档里只放论文摘要部分),点击【打开】。
3.文件上传之后,看到翻译语种选择,设置为【简体中文】转换【英语】,点击右下角【立即翻译】。
百度翻译
适用场景：长/短文献
写英文摘要对很多人来说是一件非常痛苦的事，这时候不妨把中文文档上传到【百度翻译】，立马就能得到中英对照的翻译结果。
下载的时候可免费导出Word格式的文档，二次修改很方便~PS:百度翻译不支持上传PDF格式，需要转换成Word格式哦。