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工作报告翻译毕业论文

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工作报告翻译毕业论文

外文翻译要求:(1)选定外文文献后先给指导老师看,得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。(2)选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章,可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。(3)外文翻译字数要求3000字以上,从外文文章起始处开始翻译,不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译,翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。

Topic:Look from tencent mobile game layout mobile game industry in ChinaThe problems and developing trendAbstract:In recent years, the mobile Internet in China's development is swift and violent, and mobile phone games in the mobile Internet industry because of its fast development, the characteristics of high investment, strong cashability becomes a focus in the mobile to a 2013 report on the work of the Chinese game industry, mobile game business income of about $ten billion last year, rose more than 150%.Late last year, 286 million smartphone users in China, in the free and paid applications download charts, game share were and , respectively, are listed , on the other hand, the hand travel blowout market have to thank tencent company in its mobile instant messaging software introduced a micro letter hand tour called "plane".As of August 9, 2013 micro letter release, tencent micro letter is also began its commercialization process, the micro letter is the first step into the commercial mobile game has been proved that the mobile gaming platform on the basis of the micro letter is 2013 mobile game industry one of the biggest dark from the second half of last year began to descend on mobile game industry, and in launched the war, cool run every day, every day coasters, rhythm and master after the game, have achieved very good each launch a mobile phone game is bound to occupy the App Store download list first for a long time, often appear that the App Store for free top ten more than general game developed for tencent or launched mobile gaming platform just half a year time peremptory has become a mobile game industry leader, with the help of micro letters and phone QQ platform, tencent mobile game seems to have duplicate their success in the PC it can not help but make people think: why tencent mobile game is so popular?Push the trend of the power comes from where?How long will tencent in the mobile gaming industry leading?This article from the several aspects to discuss the layout of the mobile game strategy of tencent and the refraction of the problems existing in the mobile gaming industry in China and the trend of development.望采纳谢谢

一.关于本专业毕业论文的选题 英语专业本科生毕业论文选题可以在三个大的方向中进行,即英语文学,语言学和翻译学。各个大方向中又可以选择小的方向,具体解释如下: 1.英语文学:选择英语文学的毕业论文选题可以从三个方向进行:国别文学研究、文学批评理论研究和比较文学研究。 在进行国别文学研究选题时,一般选取英国文学或美国文学中的某一经典作家(如海明威),某一经典作品(如《双城记》),某一写作手法(如象征手法的运用)或某一文学思潮(如浪漫主义运动)作深入研究。但在选择作家或作品时最好选择在文学史上作为经典的作家或作品。有个别流行作家或作品极富盛名,容易引起学生的兴趣,如《飘》或《荆棘鸟》,学生有强烈愿望选择它们作为研究对象。在不可避免上述情况时,应该尽可能地挖掘作品内在的深刻含义,不能流于肤浅的分析。 文学批评理论的选题一般不太适合英语专业本科生,因为该理论知识的学习在英语专业研究生阶段,本科生一般不具备文学批评理论的知识结构。这个方向的选题可以有关某一文学批评理论,一文学批评术语的阐释或某两种或以上的文学批评理论的比较。 比较文学研究就是将两个以上的作家或作品进行比较。这两个作品或作家可以是同一国别的(如“雪莱与拜伦的诗歌比较”),也可以是不同国别的(如《牡丹亭》与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》) 2.语言学:选择语言学的毕业论文选题可以在两个大的方向进行:普通语言学和应用语言学。 普通语言学的研究就是对于英语语言的任何一个方面的研究,如对一种词性、或一种时态、或拼写、语调等等方面的研究(如“一般现在时及其交际功能”)。 应用语言学包括教学法的研究和其它一些新兴的应用语言学分支的研究。师范专业或本身从事教师职业的学生选择教学法方向的较多。在这个方向选题,也要避免过大范围的选题,而应对一个具体问题进行研究,最重要的是要结合教学实践或实验。这个方向的好的选题有:“个性与英语教学”,“方言对英语学习的影响”等。 3.翻译学:翻译学的选题一般可以在两个方向上进行:翻译理论以及翻译活动。对翻译理论的研究就是探讨某一种翻译理论等等。相比之下,对翻译活动的研究更多一些,这些选题可以是对一种语言现象的翻译、或一种修辞格的翻译的研究(如“汉语成语的英译”)。应该注意的是,在对翻译活动作研究时,往往需要某种翻译理论支撑,总结规律,并对这一活动作出评价,要避免仅仅时例子的罗列。 二.英语专业毕业论文格式要求 学位论文包括前置、主体、附录等三个部分。 (一)前置 1.英文封面:由论文英文题目、解释、作者、指导老师姓名和职称、时间组成。 2.目录:由论文的中、英文摘要、篇、章、条、款以及参考书目、附录等序号、题名和页码组成,排在英文封面之后另页。 3.中、英文内容摘要:摘要是论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述,宜以最简洁的语言介绍论文的概要、作者的突出论点、新见解或创造性成果以及实验方法、数据或结论,是一篇完整的短文,可以独立使用,中文摘要一般在200字左右 4关键词:关键词是用以表示全文主题内容信息的单词或术语。为便于文献检索,学位论文应注明三至五个具有代表意义中、外文“关键词”,这些关键词就是论文的中心词,以显著的字符另起一行,分别排在中、外文摘要的左下方。各关键词之间用“分号”隔开。外文关键词应与中文关键词相对应。 (二)主体部分 主题部分包括引言(Introduction)、正文(Body)、结论(Conclusion)、参考文献(Bibliography)。主体部分必须由另页右页开始。 1.引言:主要说明研究工作的目的、涉及范围、相关领域的前人研究成果和知识空白、研究设想、研究方法等方面的概述、理论意义和实用价值等。 2.正文:论文的正文是核心部分,占主要篇幅。一般论文选题需要从几个方面来论述或论证。要求论据充分,论点明确。行文必须实事求是,客观真切,准确完备,合乎逻辑,层次分明,简练可读。正文部分要有分级标题,章、条、款、项的序号编码方法,采用阿拉伯数分级系列编号法,论文中的章、条、款、项依次排列,依次从1开始,连续编号,中间用“.”相隔,最末级编号之后不加点。示例: 1. 2.…… …… .… 3.结论:学位论文的结论是最终的、总体的结论,它是对正文部分的论述的概述,也可以在结论或讨论中提出建议、研究设想、尚待解决的问题等。 4.参考文献:写作学位论文过程中,阅读或运用过某些文献所列出的书目清单,置于正文之后,另页开始。参考文献的著录按原文献语种为原则。 (1)文献目录应另页书写,外文文献排前,中文文献排后。外文文献书名须用斜体。 (2)文献目录一律按作者姓氏汉语拼音或外文字母顺序排列。 (3)每条文献必须顶格写,回行时空两字或五个英语字母。 (4)将各文献的类型代号(即文献英文名的首字母)注明在文献之后: 专著[M] 学位论文[D] 论文集〔C〕 报纸文章〔N〕 期刊文章〔J〕 报告[R] 专利 [P] 专著、论文集的析出文献[A] 其他未说明文件 〔Z〕 电子文献中光盘图书 [M/CD](MONOGRAPH ON CD) 网上期刊〔J/OL〕(serial online) 5.文内所引文献:要求附夹注,应在引文后加括号注明作者姓名(英文只注姓),出版年和引文页码。若为转引文献,则加quoted in 字样。 例:(王佐良,1982:38) (Newmark,8:26-33) 6.文献中列出的文献应该与正文中标注的文献一一对应。正文中没有出现的,不应出现在参考文献中。 (三)附录部分 附录包括所有与论文有关的补充材料,如图表或照片等。

就目前人工智能的发展水平来看,机器降重还远远做不到“准确读取语句的意思,并将之用不同的词汇表述出来”我学姐推荐的北京译顶科技那边做的不错,你可以考虑一下。你可以加速去知道了解下

工作报告翻译毕业论文选题

你好可以加微信聊聊吗?着急写论文呢

好的翻译只能脱裤子放屁重复学习同样的知识技能。。。。必要时建议直接找翻译公司,省事,可以找北京译顶科技。,

毕业设计不会做,抄也要讲究方法作为一个已经毕业了的大学生,在做毕业设计的过程中,无论是设计成果的研究还是毕业论文的撰写,不可回避的一个问题就是抄袭。作为一个过来人,我想说的是,做毕业设计难免会有抄袭的现象,但是一定要掌握方法,千万不要盲目的抄完了事,那样做是非常危险的。有的同学看都不看就抄到论文上去了,有的同学拿着别人做完的东西都不研究一下就参加答辩去了。我就听过一个活生生、血淋淋的例子——老师问:“你这段代码是什么意思?”答:“我不知道。”老师又问下一段代码,又不知道,老师问:“这是你做的吗?”答:“不是,老师给的。”其结果可想而知了。你们想想,那些东西都是往届毕业生做出来的,老师们能看不出来吗?掩耳盗铃,自欺欺人,大家都是成年人,我想不用多说了吧。大家在完成毕业设计的过程中肯定会遇到各种各样的现实性困难,成果做不出来了怎么办?论文写不出来了怎么办?外文文献不会翻译怎么办?其实这都好办,世界上再难的技术也是人做出来,没有成果就找个现成的东西;论文写不出来就多看几本书,多引用书里的内容;外文水平不高就用翻译软件。总之一句话,你有张良计,我有过墙梯,物竟天择,适者生存。文章转自 众赏文库 毕业设计论文,专业文档下载

建议选择文学方面的题材比较好些,我就是英语专业毕业生,当时我选择的是西方文化方面,材料比较少。但是如果要想拿到优秀论文建议最好别选文学,这个没有什么新意,而且也许会有许多人选材一样。若是不准备拿优秀论文,文学题材是一个不错的选择。

工作报告翻译毕业论文格式

毕业论文目录范例完整的论文范文3000字毕业论文格式模板word自考本科论文格式口腔龋病毕业论文毕业论文模板毕业论文模板word下载论文结尾格式模板毕业设计模板word这些,都是搞定,我们是给你最好的建议。

1、摘要、目录、正文的格式、字体、字型及字号要求

1)中文摘要

中文摘要标题:居中,4号宋体加粗;

摘要正文:小4号宋体字,限一页;

关键词:3-5个,中间用“逗号”分开,小4号宋体加粗。

2)目录

目录标题:居中,三号宋体加粗

目录内容:内容包含正文一、二级标题、参考文献标题、致谢标题、格式小四宋体,倍行距(限一页,需要时可调整行距),要求页码正确无误并对齐。

3)正文

正文及标题格式要求:

标题级别 层次代号 字体

一级标题 一、 宋体三号加粗(顶格) 二级标题 (一) 宋体小三号加粗(顶格) 三级标题 1、 宋体四号加粗(缩进2字符)

四级标题 (1) 宋体小四号(缩进2字符) 正文 宋体小四号(首行缩进2字符)

4)参考文献、页眉

参考文献标题:宋体四号加粗(顶格),另起一页;

参考文献内容:宋体五号(首行缩进2字符);

页眉从正文开始,采用宋体五号字居中书写,并在下方加一横线。 奇数页的页眉书写:福建对外经济贸易职业技术学院××届毕业论文

偶数页的页眉书写:论文的题目,如:浅析电子商务的税收问题 页码从正文开始按阿拉伯数字连续编排,摘要、目录等前置部分单独编排无需页码。

5)致谢

1、致谢标题:宋体四号加粗(顶格)另起一页

致谢内容:宋体小四(首行缩进2字符)

2、段落及行间距要求

正文段落和标题一律取“倍行距”,参考文献为单倍行距。(为排版美观的需要可对一部分的文本行距作微调)

3、页面设置

页加距:上下左右均为,装订线,装订线位置左。

(要求依据:毕业论文指导手册和模版。 要求条目按论文撰写顺序排列。)

【论文字数:从“摘要”开始至“致谢”为止,不少于10000字。】

一、封面

1、题目:小二号黑体加粗居中。

2、各项内容:四号宋体居中。

二、目录

1、目录:二号黑体加粗居中。

2、章节条目:五号宋体。

3、行距:单倍行距。

三、论文题目:

小一号黑体加粗居中。

四、中文摘要

1、摘要:小二号黑体加粗居中。

2、摘要内容字体:小四号宋体。

3、字数:300字左右。

4、行距:28磅

5、关键词: 四号宋体,加粗。 词3-5个, 每个词间空一格。

五、英文摘要

1、ABSTRACT:小二号 Times New Roman.

2、内容字体:小四号

Times New Roman.

3、单倍行距。

4、Keywords: 四号 加粗。

词3-5个,小四号 Times New Roman. 词间空一格。

六、绪论

小二号黑体加粗居中。 内容500字左右, 小四号宋体, 行距:28磅

七、章节

一.二.三.四、五级标题序号字体格式

章: 标题 小二号黑体 加粗 居中。

节: 标题 小三号黑体 加粗 居中。

一、 一级标题序号 标题四号黑体 加粗, 顶格。

(一) 二级标题序号 标题小四号宋体, 不加粗 顶格。

1. 三级标题序号 标题小四号宋体, 不加粗, 缩进二个字。

(1) 四级标题序号 标题小四号宋体, 不加粗, 缩进二个字。

① 五级标题序号 标题小四号宋体, 不加粗, 缩进二个字。

八、结束语

小二号黑体加粗居中。 内容300字左右, 小四号宋体, 行距:28磅。

九、致谢

小二号黑体加粗居中。 内容小四号宋体, 行距:28磅

十、参考文献

小二号黑体加粗居中。 内容8—10篇, 五号宋体, 行距:28磅。 十一、附录 小二号黑体加粗居中。 英文内容小四号 Times New Roman. 单倍行距。

翻译成中文字数不少于800字 内容五号宋体, 行距:28磅。

十二、提示

【页边距设置】 上,下,左,右。

【页码制作】 视图 页眉页脚 自动图标集 选中 第X页共Y页。

【28磅设置】 格式 段落 行距固定值 设置值输入28磅文字。

1. 页面设计

上边距:3cm,下边距:,左边距:,右边距:,页脚:. 中英文摘要

论文题目(三号黑体,居中)

(空一行)

摘要(三号黑体居中)

首行缩进打印内容(小四号宋体,倍行距)空一行

[关键词](三号黑体),其后为关键词(小四号宋体),两关键词之间以分号分开。 注:题目、中文摘要、关键词合打一页。通常有3-5个关键词英文摘要题目(四号Times New Roman,加粗)(空一行)

Abstract (四号Times New Roman,加粗)

小四号Times New Roman写英文摘要

空一行

Keywords: (四号Times New Roman,加粗)

2. 目录

目录(四号黑体)

空一行

章、节、小节及其开始页码,采用小四号宋体,页码放在行末,目录内容和页码之间用虚线连接。

注:应该用插入目录的格式添加目录。首先设置各章节标题为各级“标题”格式,然后在目录页“插入-引用-目录”。正文修改后要更新目录。

3. 正文排版要求

正文部分全部使用倍行距,每页须加“页眉”和“页码”

页眉为“山东工商学院2014届毕业论文”,宋体,五号字,居中5. 各级小标题

小标题采用一、和(一)和1.和(1)的格式。具体格式规定如下:

一号标题(一、)用小三号黑体加粗,居中,后文另起。

二号标题((一))四号黑体加粗排版,前空两格,后文另起。

三号标题用( 1. )小四号宋体排版,前空两格,后加句号。与正文连排,后文不必另起行。

注:单独成行的标题后面一般不加句号等标点符号6. 表格和图

正文中表格基本要素要完整,并尽可能简单明了、美观。表格要有表头(居中,加粗),表头(标题)不要太长,原则上不超过表格宽度,超过时要回行,表注也如此。

表格通常采用三线格形式(见表1)。表头、表注和表格内文字为5号字体,如果内容太多也可设定为小五字体,表格内文字应为单倍行距、居中。

文内表格要连续编号。表格要和正文适当分开。表头和前面正文之间空一行,表后和正文间之间空一行。

毕业设计(论文)是培养学员综合运用所学知识,发现、提出、分析和解决实际问题,锻炼实践能力的重要环节,是对学员实际工作能力的系统训练和考察过程,毕业论文格式。毕业论文是学员在教员指导下,对所从事工作和取得成果的完整表述。为加强全校毕业设计(论文)工作的管理,提高质量,制定本规范。

一、论文的结构要求

论文包括标题、内容摘要、索引关键词、目录、正文、后记、参考文献和附录等部分。

1.论文标题。

论文标题应当简短、明确,有概括性,符合毕业设计任务的要求。论文标题应能体现报告的核心内容、专业特点和学科范畴。论文标题不超过25个字,不设置副标题,不使用标点符号,可以分二行书写。论文标题用词必须规范,不得使用缩略语。

2.内容摘要。

内容摘要应扼要叙述报告的主要内容、特点,文字精练,是一篇具有独立性和完整性的短文,包括主要成果和结论性意见。摘要中不应使用公式、图表,不标注引用文献编号,并应避免将摘要拟定成目录式的内容介绍。内容摘要一般不超过200字。

3.索引关键词。

索引关键词是供索用的主题词条,应采用能够覆盖论文主要内容的通用专业术语(参照相应的专业术语标准),一般列举3-5个,按照词条的外延层次从大到小排列,并应出现在内容摘要中,工作报告《毕业论文格式》。

4.目录。

目录应独立成页,包括论文中全部章、节的标题和所在页码。

5.正文。

正文包括绪论、论文主体和结论等部分。正文必须从页首开始。绪论作为论文的第一章,应综合前人在本领域的工作成果,说明毕业设计选题的目的、背景和意义,国内外文献资料情况以及所要研究的主要内容。论文主体是全文的核心部分,应结构合理,层次清晰,重点突出,文字通顺简练。结论是对主要成果的归纳,要突出创新点,以简练的文字对所做的主要工作进行评价。结论一般不超过500字。正文一级及以下子标题格式如下:

6.后记。

主要是对整个毕业设计工作进行简单的回顾总结,对导师和对为毕业设计工作、论文撰写等提供帮助的组织或个人表示感谢。内容尽量简洁明了。

7.参考文献。

参考文献是论文不可或缺的组成部分。它反映了毕业设计工作中取材的广博程度。参考文献应以近期发表或出版的与本专业密切相关的学术著作和学术期刊文献为主。产品说明、技术标准、未公开出版或发表的研究报告等不列为参考文献,又确需说明的`可以在后记中予以说明。网上参考文献应注明准确的网页地址。

8.附录。

对不宜放在正文中但对论文确有作用的材料(如外文文献复印件和中文译文、公式推导过程、较大型的程序流程图、较长的程序代码段、图纸、数据表格等)可编制成论文的附录。

二、打印要求

论文必须统一打印。使用标准16开打印纸,页面上、下边距各2厘米,左右边距各2厘米(论文所附较大的图纸、数据表格及计算机程序段清单等除外),论文装订顺序要求如下:

1. 封面

2. 内容摘要。摘要标题按照正文一级标题要求处理,摘要内容按照正文要求处理。内容摘要不设页码。

3. 索引关键词。索引关键词与内容摘要要同处一页,位于内容摘要之后,另起一行并以“索引关键词:”开头(黑体加粗),后跟3-5个关键词(字体不加粗),词间空1字,其他要求同正文。

4. 目录。目录列至论文正文的二级及以上标题所在页码,内容打印要求与正文相同。目录也不设页码。

5. 正文。正文必须从正面开始,并设置为第1页。页码在页末居中打印,如正文第5页格式为“-5-”。论文标题为标准二号宋体字,居中,单倍行间距。论文一级标题为标准三号黑体字,左起空两个字打印,行间距为固定值20磅;二级标题为标准四号楷体字。

2013届毕业生,现将有关毕业论文的相关事宜通知如下:

为规范我校本科生毕业论文(设计)的写作,保证我校本科生毕业论文(设计)的质量,特制订《中国农业大学本科生毕业论文(设计)撰写基本规范》以下简称《规范》,教师须按照本《规范》要求指导学生撰写毕业论文(设计),学生须按照本《规范》要求撰写毕业论文(设计)。

一、毕业论文(设计)文本结构规范

1、毕业论文(设计)内容结构

(1)中、外文摘要 扼要叙述本论文(设计)的主要内容、特点,文字要精练、表述清晰。中文摘要约300字左右,外文摘要不宜超过250个实词;关键词要符合学科分类,一般为2-4个为宜,每个词均为专业名词(或词组),一词在6个字之内。中、外文关键词内容相对应。

(2)目录:详细列出毕业论文(设计)引言、章节、一级标题,标明页码。

(3)正文 (理工等类)包括选题背景、方案论证、过程(设计或实验)论述、结果分析(含技术经济论证)、结论或总结。

选题背景:说明本课题的来源、目的、意义、要解决的主要问题及应达到的技术要求;简述本课题在国内外发展概况及存在的问题,本设计的指导思想。

方案论证:说明设计原理并进行方案选择,阐明要选择这个设计方案(包括各种方案的分析、比较)的理由以及所采用方案的特点。

过程(设计或实验)论述:指作者对自己研究工作的详细表述。要求真实反映研究过程,论理正确、论据充分、逻辑性强、层次分明、表达准确。

分析:对研究过程中所获得的主要的数据、现象进行定性或定量分析。

结论或总结:对整个研究工作进行归纳和综合,阐述本课题研究的结论和尚存在的问题及进一步开展研究的见解和建议。

注:文科及其它学科,可根据学科特点,参照上述结构制定统一的正文结构规范。

(4)参考文献:列出与毕业论文(设计)相关的文献,按标准引用格式书写。

(5)致谢:简述对毕业论文(设计)工作给予支持的老师和同学。

(6)附录 包括与论文有关的非必要的图表、计算机程序、计算书、运行结果,主要设备、仪器仪表的测试精度等。

2、工作量要求

(1) 论文(设计说明书)字数不应少于10000字;

(2) 原则上查阅文献10篇以上。

3、排版基本要求

(1)目录格式

格式如下:

(2)正文撰写规格

① 论文开本及版芯

论文开本大小:210mm×297mm(A4纸);

版芯要求:左边距:30mm,右边距:25mm,上边距:30mm;下边距:25mm,页眉边距:23mm,页脚边距:18mm;

② 标题

论文题目:

论文的题名,用黑体、三号或16pt,段前、段后间距为1行。

章节标题:

论文分三级标题:

一级标题:黑体,四号或16pt,段前、段后间距为1行;

二级标题:黑体,小四号或14pt,段前、段后间距为1行;

三级标题:黑体,小四号或12pt,段前、段后间距为1行。

上述段前、段后间距可适当调节,以便于控制正文合适的换页位置。

如:

1 材料和方法(一级标题4号黑体)

试验材料(二级标题小4号黑体)

(正文5号宋体)

试验方法

试验设计(三级标题5号黑体)

仪器和药品

③ 正文字体及页眉、页脚

正文字体:正文采用五号宋体,行间距为18磅;图、表标题采用小五号黑体;表格中文字、图例说明采用小五号宋体;表注采用六号宋体。

页眉、页脚文字均采用小五号宋体,页眉左侧为“中国农业大学学士学位论文”,右(3磅);单面打印时页码排在页脚居中位置,双面打印时页码分别按左右排在切口一侧。

物理量符号和数学变量的外文字母采用斜体,计量单位的字母采用正体,其他内容的字母采用正体。英文、罗马字符一般采用Time New Roman正体。

④ 图纸、图表要求

文中所列图形应有所选择,照片不得直接粘贴,须经扫描后以图片形式插入。图纸、图表布局合理,整洁,线条粗细均匀,标注规范,注释准确;工程图纸必须按国家规定标准或工程要求绘制。其他详细要求见附文。

(2)参考文献

为了反映文稿真实和广泛的科学依据,体现文稿作者严谨的科学态度和对他人研究成果的尊重,方便读者检索和查考相关资料,文稿应按规范著录相关参考文稿。参考文稿的著录通常采用顺序编码制或著者一出版年制两种方式。本《规范》规定采用顺序编码制,即在正文中按顺序在引用参考文献处文字的右上角[]标明参考文献的序号,正文后按引用顺序编制参考文献表,参考文献表中的序号与正文中[]的序号一致。

参考文献的著录,按著录/题名/出版事项顺序排列。

期刊:著者.题名.期刊名称,出版年,卷号(期号):起始页码

书籍:著者.书名.版次(第一版不标注).出版地:出版者,出版年.起始页码(选择项)

注:参考中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T7714-2005

(3)毕业论文(设计)封面设计

封皮须使用学校指定纸张和样式。

二、基本规范要求的执行

1、毕业论文(设计)指导教师及答辩小组,负责组织对本单位学生毕业论文(设计)的基本规范要求进行审查。

2、毕业论文(设计)的基本规范要求的审查在毕业论文(设计)答辩前完成,审查合格者经指导教师签字后方可参加答辩。论文不符合本规范要求者,应要求修改,直到达到要求才能参加答辩。

3.学生参加答辩应提交经指导教师审阅并装订好的论文或设计说明书。

论文成稿之后必须要胶装成册,一式3份!

中文题名

(二号宋体)

(中文题名一般不超过20个汉字;题名不得使用非公知公用、同行不熟悉的外来语、缩写词、符号、代号和商品名称。为便于数据库收录,尽可能不出现数学式和化学式。)

作者姓名

(小四号仿宋体)

作者单位(包括英文摘要中)

(小五号宋体)

(如果作者为两位以上,之间用","隔开如果多个作者为不同单位时,应在作者姓名上打上角标以区别,作者通讯地址应为详细的工作单位、所在城市及邮编和e-mail地址,必须用全称标注,不得简称。在英文摘要中的作者姓名用汉语拼音,姓前名后,姓全大写,名首字母大写;作者单位,城市,邮政编码。如作者为两位以上,应指定联系人。)

中图分类号

(图书分类法是按照一定的思想观点,以科学分类为基础,结合图书资料的内容和特点,分门别类组成的分类表。采用《中国图书馆分类法》对论文进行中图分类的。)

中、英文摘要

(五号楷体)

(摘要的目的是向读者介绍论文的主要内容,传达重要的可检索信息,其主要内容包括被报导的研究项目的目的,研究方法、结果和结论。篇幅以300字左右为宜。英文摘要要用英语清楚、简明地写作,内容限制在150~180个英文单词以内。)

关键词(5号楷体)

(关键词是便于读者从浩如烟海的书刊、论文中寻找文献,特别适应计算机自动检索的需要。论文应提供关键词3~8个,关键词之间用分号隔开。在审读文献题名、前言、结论、图表,特别是在审读文摘的基础上,选定能反映文献特征内容,通用性比较强的关键词。首先要选项取列入《汉语主题词表》、《mesh》等词表中的规范性词(称叙词或主题词)。对于那些反映新技术、新学科而尚未被主题词表录入的新名词术语,可用非规范的自由词标出,但不能把关键词写成是一句内容"全面"的短语。)

正文(5号宋体)

文稿正文(含图、表)中的物理量和计量单位应符合国家标准或国际标准(gb3100-3102)。对外文字母、单位、符号的大小写、正斜体、上下角标及易混淆的字母应书写清楚。

文稿章节编号采用三级标题.一级标题(小4号黑体)形如1,2,3......;二级标题(5号黑体)形如: 1,......; ,......; 三级标题(5号宋体)形如: , ,......引言或前言不排序。若论文为基金项目,请在文章首页下角注明基金项目名称和编号。

图表要求

文中的图题、表题应有中英文对照(小5号黑体),并随文出现,图要精选,一般不超过6幅,请看具体要求。若图中有坐标,要求用符号注明坐标所表示的量(斜体),单位(正体)。若有图注,靠近放在图下部。照片应选用反差较大、层次分明、无折痕、无污迹的黑白照片,或提供*.tif格式的电子文档(分辨率不低于600线)。作者应自留底图。文中表格一律使用三线表(祥见示例)(不划竖线)。表中参数应标明量和单位(用符号),若单位相同可统一写在表头或表顶线上右侧。若有表注,写在表底线下左侧。表中重复出现的文字,不可用"同前"、"同左"等表示,必须全部重复写出。

参考文献(小5号宋体)

为了反映文稿的科学依据,尊重他人研究成果以及向读者提供有关信息的出处,正文之后一般应列出参考文献。列出的应确实是作者阅读过的、最主要的且发表在正式出版物上的文献;未公开发表的资料或协作成果,应征得有关方面同意,以脚注方式顺序表明.参考文献选用顺序编码制,按在文章中出现的先后顺序编号。每条文献著录项目应齐全.文献的作者、编者、译者不超过3人时全部写出,超过者只写前3人,后加“等”或“et al”,作者之间用“,”隔开.外文作者或编者书写时,一律姓前名后,名用缩写,且省略“.”。由于ei信息部进行收录论文中的参考文献(仅指英文)的录入工作,所以在稿件中参考文献中文期刊论文按中、英两种文字给出(英文参考文献不必给出中文)。

毕业论文书面格式由以下几部分组成,顺序如下:标记、论文题目、作者、学号、专业、工作单位、指导教师、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献几部分组成,其中必须把标记、论文题目、作者、学号、专业、工作单位、指导教师、摘要、关键词单独打印一页作为封面。

纸张大小:A4、上下页边距为厘米,左右页边距厘米,左侧装订,具体如下:

标记:毕业论文(四号宋)

题名(三号宋)

姓名: 学号: 专业:(小四号宋)

(工作单位,集美大学小学教育专业2006级专升本函授)

指导教师(小四号宋)

摘要:(100字以内,小四号宋)

关键词:(数量一般为3-6个,小四号宋)

正文:(另起一页,小标题加黑,小四号宋)

参考文献(五号宋)

①(五号宋)

详见参考范例。

构建小学数学“小组合作学习”课堂教学模式

姓名: 学号: 专业:小学教育

(厦门市实验小学,集美大学小学教育专业2007级专升本函授)

指导教师:

摘要:本文在说明加强和指导学生的合作学习的重要性的基础上,综述小组合作学习的内涵及理论,介绍小学数学“小组合作学习”课堂教学模式的原则、操作程序和具体实施,总结数学小组合作学习的教学体会。

关键词:数学教学;小组合作学习;课堂教学模式

构建小学数学“小组合作学习”课堂教学模式

一、模式的提出

21世纪将是一个崭新的世纪,知识经济将取代工业经济。面对着即将到来的知识经济时代,我们应该寻找一种什么样的教育,以适应这个充满机遇和挑战的时代对人才提出的更高要求?联合国教科文组织发布的21世纪教育报告《学习:内在的财富》中明确指出,学会认知、学会做事、学会生存、学会相处是21世纪教育的四大支柱,这就说明我们必须培养学生具有与他人交流合作的能力和较强的综合素质。

从社会发展的角度来看,我们人类的大部分活动都是合作性的,随着社会的进一步发展,许多社会学家认为“合作的交往较之竞争的交往在末来世界里更为重要,将成为末来世界的主流。” 合作意识是现代人必须具备的基本素质。美国科学史家朱克曼在对诺贝尔奖获得者的研究方式进行调查时发现:在诺贝尔奖设立的头25年,合作研究获奖人数占41%,在第二个25年,这一比例上升到65%,而第三个25年,这一比例更高达75%。我们甚至可以说在科技高度发达的今天,合作是一个人生存的需要。

可见,21世纪的教育必须让他们学会与人相处,因此加强和指导学生之间的合作学习就是一个很有意义的问题。两年来,我校以合作学习理论为指导,在小学数学课堂教学中摸索出一套班级授课背景下的“小组合作学习”课堂教学模式,进行了构建小学数学“小组合作学习”课堂教学模式的有益尝试。

二、小组合作学习的内涵

………………………………

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参 考 文 献

[1]吴毅松.有效性:教学情境的价值回归[J].小学教学设计,2007(1)

[2]朱火寿,陈辉英.抓准教学起点,提高教学的有效性[J].小学教学设计,2006(7、8)

[3] 朱慕菊.走进新课程L与课程实施者对话[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2002年

(一)毕业论文开题报告一律使用A4白纸单面打印

(二)字符间距:标准(中文封面和英文封面除外)

(三)行距:倍(中文封面和英文封面除外)

(四)页边距:上下厘米、左3厘米、右2厘米

(五)页眉:厘米,页脚:1厘米

(六)页码:中文封面和英文封面不用页码,报告主体部分的页码用阿拉伯数字从1开始连续标出

(七)标点符号:中文标点符号必须在中文状态下录入;英文标点符号必须在英文状态下录入,中文的省略号为,英文中的省略号为,英文中没有书名号《》。

正文用宋体小四号,字间距“标准”,段落值设为“倍行距”,标题黑体3号,居中。

扩展资料:

各级标题与正文

一级标题用宋体三号字,空两格,加粗

二级标题用宋体四号字,空两个字符,加粗

三、四级标题用宋体小四号,空两个字符,加粗

正文用宋体小四号,行间距采用倍行距

正文中的图表

正文中图、表均需编排序号,图、表题目以及说明用宋体五号字体

参考资料:百度百科-毕业论文

不同的学校 格式差别还是蛮大的 需要标准的格式 可以去 大共享网 下载 哪里比较多

翻译作品毕业论文开题报告

英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文

以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文,供大家参考!

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

翻译专业开题报告

开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告,欢迎阅读。

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

选题的原因、基本内容:

英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富,寓意深刻,具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中,恰当地加以运用,会大大增加语言的表达能力,收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的'精华,是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单,语言精炼,富于形象比喻,充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想,开拓视野,了解英国的历史文化、风土人情,以及英国人民的人生哲理,同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。

本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处,详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。

相关资料收集情况:

陈亚光。小议英谚语和成语的创新。上海外国语学院学报,1983。

黄粉保。英汉成语翻译漫谈。云梦学刊,1999/2

顾雪梁。语成语英译探索。广州师范学院学报,1993/2。

张培基,喻云根,李宗杰,彭谟禹。《英汉翻译教程》。北京:中国外语教育出版社,xx/8

杨永和。英语谚语的修辞特点研究。重庆工学院学报,xx/3。

论文提纲:

thesis statemen:this essay discourse the features and translation of english

idioms and proverbs. and from the society culture to find out the basic different between chinese.

outline

ⅰ. introduction: for chinese students, english idioms and proverbs is a stumbling block. so the characteristics and translation of idioms and proverbs should be studied.

ⅱ. the characteristics of english idioms and proverbs

a. the characteristics of english idioms

1. simple but rich

2. harmonious phonology

3. vivid metaphor

b. the characteristics of english proverb

1. concise and clear

2. symmetrical sentence pattern

3. rich and varied rhetoric

ⅲ. the translation of english idioms and proverbs

a. the theories of translation

1. literal translation

2. free translation

3. mechanical application of the synonym chinese proverb

4. literal translation and free translation

b. the points of translation

1. the literal translation of proverbs prohibited

2. the translation of proverbs to keep the original text style

3. the translation of proverbs to notice the national characteristic

4. the translation of proverbs to notice the artistic characteristic

ⅳ. conclusion

指导教师意见:

指导教师签名:

年 月 日

毕业论文翻译报告写作流程

写毕业论文外文翻译时,可以按照以下步骤进行:

一、参考文献著录格式 1 、期刊作者.题名〔J〕.刊名,出版年,卷(期)∶起止页码 2、 专著作者.书名〔M〕.版本(第一版不著录).出版地∶出版者,出版年∶起止页码 3、 论文集作者.题名〔C〕.编者.论文集名,出版地∶出版者,出版年∶起止页码 4 、学位论文作者.题名〔D〕.保存地点.保存单位.年份 5 、专利文献题名〔P〕.国别.专利文献种类.专利号.出版日期 6、 标准编号.标准名称〔S〕 7、 报纸作者.题名〔N〕.报纸名.出版日期(版次) 8 、报告作者.题名〔R〕.保存地点.年份 9 、电子文献作者.题名〔电子文献及载体类型标识〕.文献出处,日期 二、文献类型及其标识 1、根据GB3469 规定,各类常用文献标识如下: ①期刊〔J〕 ②专著〔M〕 ③论文集〔C〕 ④学位论文〔D〕 ⑤专利〔P〕 ⑥标准〔S〕 ⑦报纸〔N〕 ⑧技术报告〔R〕 2、电子文献载体类型用双字母标识,具体如下: ①磁带〔MT〕 ②磁盘〔DK〕 ③光盘〔CD〕 ④联机网络〔OL〕 3、电子文献载体类型的参考文献类型标识方法为:〔文献类型标识/载体类型标识〕。例如: ①联机网上数据库〔DB/OL〕 ②磁带数据库〔DB/MT〕 ③光盘图书〔M/CD〕 ④磁盘软件〔CP/DK〕 ⑤网上期刊〔J/OL〕 ⑥网上电子公告〔EB/OL〕 三、举例 1、期刊论文 〔1〕周庆荣,张泽廷,朱美文,等.固体溶质在含夹带剂超临界流体中的溶解度〔J〕.化工学报,1995(3):317—323 〔2〕Dobbs J M, Wong J M. Modification of supercritical fluid phasebehavior using polor coselvent〔J〕. Ind Eng Chem Res, 1987,26:56 〔3〕刘仲能,金文清.合成医药中间体4-甲基咪唑的研究〔J〕.精细化工,2002(2):103-105 〔4〕 Mesquita A C, Mori M N, Vieira J M, et al . Vinyl acetate polymerization by ionizing radiation〔J〕.Radiation Physics and Chemistry,2002, 63:465 2、专著 〔1〕蒋挺大.亮聚糖〔M〕.北京:化学工业出版社,2001.127 〔2〕Kortun G. Reflectance Spectroscopy〔M〕. New York: Spring-Verlag,1969 3、论文集 〔1〕郭宏,王熊,刘宗林.膜分离技术在大豆分离蛋白生产中综合利用的研究〔C〕.//余立新.第三届全国膜和膜过程学术报告会议论文集.北京:高教出版社,1999.421-425 〔2〕Eiben A E, vander Hauw J K.Solving 3-SAT with adaptive genetic algorithms 〔C〕.//Proc 4th IEEE Conf Evolutionary Computation.Piscataway: IEEE Press, 1997.81-86 4、学位论文 〔1〕陈金梅.氟石膏生产早强快硬水泥的试验研究(D).西安:西安建筑科学大学,2000 〔 2 〕 Chrisstoffels L A J . Carrier-facilitated transport as a mechanistic tool in supramolecular chemistry〔D〕.The Netherland:Twente University.1988 5、专利文献 〔1〕Hasegawa, Toshiyuki, Yoshida,et al.Paper Coating composition〔P〕.EP 0634524.1995-01-18 〔 2 〕 仲前昌夫, 佐藤寿昭. 感光性树脂〔 P 〕. 日本, 特开平09-26667.1997-01-28 〔3〕Yamaguchi K, Hayashi A.Plant growth promotor and productionthereof 〔P〕.Jpn, Jp1290606. 1999-11-22 〔4〕厦门大学.二烷氨基乙醇羧酸酯的制备方法〔P〕.中国发明专利,CN1073429.1993-06-23 6、技术标准文献 〔1〕ISO 1210-1982,塑料——小试样接触火焰法测定塑料燃烧性〔S〕 〔2〕GB 2410-80,透明塑料透光率及雾度实验方法〔S〕 7、报纸 〔1〕陈志平.减灾设计研究新动态〔N〕.科技日报,1997-12-12(5) 8、报告 〔1〕中国机械工程学会.密相气力输送技术〔R〕.北京:1996 9、电子文献 〔1〕万锦柔.中国大学学报论文文摘(1983-1993)〔DB/CD〕.北京:中国百科全书出版社,1996

简述毕业论文的写作流程如下:

1、确定选题。毕业论文撰写首要问题就是选择一个适合自己专业的论文题目。可以根据自己的兴趣与专业能力,选题前认真查阅文献,找方向和灵感,最终提炼出一个比较有新意、又能写得下去的题目。

选题是要注意及时与指导老师进行沟通,请老师把关。因论文题目确定后,后续开始了创作就很难再更改重来,所以选题务必多花时间和功夫。

2、细列提纲。确定好论文题目后,不要着急撰写,先缕清思路,整理出一份论文提纲。如果你的论文是现状问题型的,要有对策;如果是理论型的,要有理论基础、渊源,内容、启发。总而言之,列提纲时要全方位的思量,要找到属于自己的新意点。

3、收集相关资料。收集材料是毕业论文撰写不可忽视的一个重要环节。查阅文献资料并加以分析整合,从中获取有价值的部分丰富佐证自己的论文内容,这样才能使你的论文论据更具有说服力。

4、全文撰写。指导老师审阅完开题报告后,就可以开始撰写全文。可以制定好撰写计划,分配好撰写时间,并认真严格执行,比如每天写一个部分的内容,要全心专注,不可迁延,更不要中断,每一部分都要精益求精、严格把握论文写作的质量。

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