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我有一些论文题目，可以给你参考一下。英语毕业论文题目Features of Network Language and Its Translation网络用语的特点及其翻译On the Application of the Communicative Approach from English and Chinese Writing《从中英学生写作看英语交际教学法的应用》Main Factors Affecting Interactive Communication《影响互动性交际的主要因素》Analysis of Wordsworths Contradictory Conception of Nature《华兹华斯自然观中的矛盾分析》On the Application of Story-telling Technique in English Teaching《浅谈故事教学法》Analysis of Natural People and Social People in the Scarlet Letter《红字中自然人与社会人的分析》Differences between AE and BE in Their Growth and Linguistic Features《英式英语和美式英语在历史起源和语言学特征上的差异》On the Sin in the Scarlet Letter《浅谈红字中的罪》Psychoanalysis of Julians Morbid Passion《于连病态激情中的深层心理结构分析》American movies and American characteristics美国电影与美国民族特性Cummings --Unusual Talent in American Poetry World and His Visual Poetry《美国诗坛怪才康明思和他的视觉诗》Comparative Analysis on Chinese and English Vocabulary《英汉词汇对比分析》The Influence of Family Education on Childrens Socialization《论家庭教育对儿童社会性发展的影响》Pragmatic Analysis on the Approximating Quantities with Numbers《数词模糊语的语用分析》On the Stimulation and Cultivation of Motivation《学习动机的激发与培养》On Special Usage of English Prepositions英语介词的另类用法On Fault Use of Words in Law English论法律英语里的用词失误On Characteristics Usage of Medical English论医学英语的特点Apparently True but Actually False and Opposite in English英文中的似是而非似非而是On Compounds Constructions in English英语复合结构浅谈Mergers and Acquisitions并购策略及对中国企业的启示On Translation of Passive Voice of English英语被动语态的译法初探On Ways of Forms of English Customary Usage英语惯用语形成途径探讨On Hyperbole in English and Chinese浅谈英汉中的正夸张和反夸张手法About Usage of Letter S in English英语中的字母S的用法探讨Usage and Translation of and英文中的and 的用法与译法About Characteristics of English in 体育英语的特色Usage and Reason of Foreignism in Chinese汉语中外来词的使用 现状及原因Strategies for Improving Middle School Students Reading Ability中学生阅读能力提高的策略Kinds, Construction and Other Characteristics of English Color Words英汉色彩词的种类，结构与其它特点Inter-translation of Humor of English and Chinese英汉的幽默互译The Effect of Non-intellect and Factors in English Teaching非智力因素在英语教学中的影响On Adaptation and Alienation of Translation论翻译的归化与异化Evolution of Contemporary American English and Its Translation当代美语嬗变与翻译Cultural Trapss of Translation翻译的文化陷阱The Comparison and Translation of Chinese-English Love Poems中英爱情诗歌特点比较及翻译On Chinese Translation of English Metaphor英语隐喻的汉译Texical Translation in Concrete Context具体语境中语义的翻译On Texical Translation from English _ Chinese Cultural Differences从英汉文化差异的角度谈词汇翻译On Skills of Writing a Business Letter商业信函的写作技巧English _ Chinese Similes and Their Translation略谈英汉明喻及其翻译On the Characteristics of Business Negotiation Language and Its Translation商务谈判用语特点及翻译Language Characteristics and Skills for an English Tour Guide英语导游翻译的语言艺术与技巧Skills for English Translation of Ancient Chinese Poems古诗翻译的英译技巧Alternating Translation of English and Chinese Attributives论英汉互译中定语的翻译Introducing culture in secondary school English teaching在英语教学中,文化导入的重要性Characteristics of American Slangs美国俚语特点初探A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Polite expression_rs英汉礼貌表达比较研究Cultural Difference and Its Influence on Second Language Learning文化差异对第二语言学习的影响Application of Non-verbal Communication in Language Teaching非语言交际手段在语言教学中的运用Middle School English Teaching and Environment Establishment中学英语教学与环境设置Problems of and Strategies for English Teaching through Multimedia Technology多媒体英语教学所面临的问题与对策A Comparison of the Value of Love between Baoyu Daiyu and Jane Rochester宝黛爱情与简爱罗彻特爱情观之比较On the Relationship between Translation and Cultural Background论翻译与文化背景知识的关系Cultural Difference in the Traditional Chinese and Western Festivals 传统节日映照出的中西文化差异Basic Problems of English Listening Training and the Effect on the Middle School Students中学基础英语听力训练问题以及对学生的影响A Comparative Study of 通感and Synaesthesia英汉通感比较研究Pragmatic Competence and Oral English Teaching语用能力的培养与英语口语教学Analysis of the Factors upon SLA影响第二语言习得的因素分析The Characteristics of English News and Its Translation英语新闻特征及其汉译The Advantages and Disadvantages of Sino-American Secondary School Education中美中学教育利弊分析Reflection of Euphemism onto the Psychological Factors of Social Culture论英语委婉语在社会文化心理因素中的映射The Significance of Context in Teaching Listening语境在听力教学中的意义A Brief Study on Register and English Learning浅谈语域与英语学习On the Aesthetic Value of Alliteration试论头韵的审美价值A Contrastive Study on the Two Male Heroes of the Scarlet Letter《红字》中两个男主角的对比分析Transfer of the Mother Tongue in Teaching English英语教学中母语的迁移作用The Influence of American Culture on the Language of Its Movies美国文化对其电影的影响A Probe into the New Words Emerging from English Movies英语电影中的新词探讨Gender Differences in Speash言语中的性别差异Effective Ways of Improving Preschool Childrens Spoken English浅谈儿童英语口语教学有效方法On Dual Nature of Heathcliffs Personality in Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》中希克厉性格的双重性分析Comparison of the Use of Satirical between Swift and Luxun斯威夫特与鲁迅讽刺艺术之比较On Improving Middle School Students English Reading Comprehension浅谈中学生英语阅读理解能力的培养Analysis of the Psychology of the Catcher in the Rye《麦田的守望者》人物的心理分析The Application of Communicative Approach in Oral English Teaching交际法在英语口语教学中的运用Techniques of Listening in English Learning试论英语学习中听力的技巧Application of Multimedia Technology in Middle School English Teaching多媒体在中学英语教学中的应用On Female Characters and Symbol Environment in the Return of the Native《还乡》中女性现象及其环境象征意义On Male Hero in Sons and Lovers论《儿子与情人》中的男性形象On Political Factors in English-Chinese Translation翻译中政治因素的作用On the Embodiment of Cultural Specifications of Western Cartoon Movies论西方卡通片所体现的文化特质New Tendencies of Bush Second-Term Administration and its Foreign Policies toward Taiwan论布什政府新任期的对台政策Perspectives of Sino-American Regional Cultural Differences through Western Development and Westward Movement从西部开发看中美地域文化之差异Impact of Sino-American Family Education Patterns on Thinking Development论中美家庭教育模式对儿童思维发展的影响Advantages and Disadvantages of American Education System from American Juvenile Delinquency从美国青年犯罪的分析论美国教育体制的优劣Impact of Game Theory on the . Economic Conductions论博奕论对美国经济的影响Theoretical Bases of . Constitution and its Relevance to European Political Thoughts论美国宪法的理论基础及与相关西方政治思潮的联系On Social and Cultural Origins of Naturalism in the History of American Literature论美国文学中的自然主义产生的社会文化根源Brief Analysis on Current Situation of American One-Mother Family当今美国单身母亲家庭现状浅析Impact of Globalization on Cross-Cultural Exchange论全球化对跨文化交流的影响Impact of Roosevelts New Deal on American Economy During and After the Great Depression分析罗斯福总统的新政对大萧条期间及之后对美国经济的影响A Brief Analysis of the Characteristics of Political Slang in American English浅析美国英语中政治俚语的特点A Brief Analysis on the Philosophical Bases of Martin Luther Kings Human Rights浅析马丁?路德?金民权思想中的哲学基础Religion's Significant Status in Modern American Society宗教在现代美国社会中的重要地位The Application of Personification in Advertising广告英语中拟人的应用Cultural Differences between Chinese and Western Marriage中西婚姻文化差异The Impact of Chinas Entry into WTO on Its Household Appliance Industry and the Countermeasure加入WTO对中国家电行业的影响和对策How to Set Up and Control the Distribution Channel in International Trade国际贸易中如何建立和控制营销渠道
英语专业毕业论文范文（仅供参考）Hester Prynne ---- ResurrectionA THESISSUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISHOF --------------------UNIVERSITYIN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTSFOR THE DEGREE OFBACHELOR OF ARTSBY----------------------------CLASS: 3 GRADE: 2002SUPERVISED BY---------------------------June 2006ContentsChapter One: Biography of Nathaniel Hawthorne…………………………………...P1Chapter Tw Depravity---the Origin of the Scarlet Letter…………………………..P2Chapter Three: Hester Prynne’s Resurrection --- From Suffering and Redemption to Salvation……………………………………………………………………………...P5Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….P10References…………………………………………………………………………..P11Hester Prynne---ResurrectionAbstract: The Scarlet Letter makes the American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne known all around the world. Hawthorne is a pious Christian, and is deeply influenced by the theology. He’s so much indulged in the religious doctrine that people can find the reflection of the God almost everywhere in his works. After reading The Scarlet Letter, one is mostly impressed by the spirit of The Bible the story depicted. The book chiefly discusses sin and how to atone for it. Hester Prynne is the heroine of the fiction. This paper researches her fate to illustrate the influence of The Bible to Hawthorne. Hester Prynne commits adultery and is forced to wear a scarlet letter “A” on her breast. At the beginning, she encounters all kinds of sufferings, both from the society and from her own soul. However, she realizes her sin and tries her best to atone for it. And she dose not choose to avoid her fault. Finally, through her endeavor, God forgives her. In short, sin and atoning for sin, that is the purpose of this paper. Keywords: The Scarlet Letter., Hester Prynne, The Bible, sin and atonement.摘要：《红字》使美国作家纳撒尼尔霍桑誉满全球。霍桑是一个虔诚的基督徒，并深受神学的影响。他是如此沉迷于宗教的教义之中，人们几乎可以发现神在他的每部作品中无处不在。读完《红字》，给人印象最深的莫过于故事描绘的《圣经》的精神。该书主要讨论了关于罪与赎罪的问题。海丝特白兰是小说的女主人公。本文主要研究她的一生以说明《圣经》对霍桑的影响。海丝特白兰犯了通奸罪，并被迫在胸口上带一个大写的红色字母“A”。一开始，她遭遇了各种各样的磨难，既有来自社会的也有来自她自己精神上的。然而，她认识到了自己的罪行并尽最大努力去赎罪，并且她并没有选择逃避责罚。最后，通过她的努力，神原谅了她。简言之，本文的主要目的就是罪行以及赎罪。关键字：《红字》，海丝特白兰，《圣经》,罪行以及赎罪。Chapter One: Biography of Nathaniel HawthorneWith the publication of The Scarlet Letter in 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne became one of the greatest writer at that time and built his reputation as a major American author. Since that time on, people began to take great interest in all aspects of his life and a
论文提要（黑体四号字） 提要内容（宋体小四号字） 关键词（黑体小四号字）：关键词内容（宋体小四号字）论文标题（黑体小三号字）或（黑体小二号） 一级标题使用黑体四号字，居中。注释使用宋体5号字。其它均使用宋体小四号字。 基本版式正文内容宋体小四号字（论文标题、一级标题和注释除外）参考文献：（黑体五号字） 文献内容（宋体5号字）
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1、题目。应能概括整个论文最重要的内容，言简意赅，引人注目，一般不宜超过20个字。 论文摘要和关键词。
2、论文摘要应阐述学位论文的主要观点。说明本论文的目的、研究方法、成果和结论。尽可能保留原论文的基本信息，突出论文的创造性成果和新见解。而不应是各章节标题的简单罗列。摘要以500字左右为宜。
关键词是能反映论文主旨最关键的词句，一般3-5个。
3、目录。既是论文的提纲，也是论文组成部分的小标题，应标注相应页码。
4、引言（或序言）。内容应包括本研究领域的国内外现状，本论文所要解决的问题及这项研究工作在经济建设、科技进步和社会发展等方面的理论意义与实用价值。
5、正文。是毕业论文的主体。
扩展资料
撰写毕业论文的过程是训练学生独立进行科学研究的过程。通过撰写毕业论文，可以使学生了解科学研究的过程，掌握如何收集、整理和利用材料；如何观察、如何调查、作样本分析；如何利用图书馆，检索文献资料；如何操作仪器等方法。
撰写毕业论文是学习如何进行科学研究的一个极好的机会，因为它不仅有教师的指导与传授，可以减少摸索中的一些失误，少走弯路，而且直接参与和亲身体验了科学研究工作的全过程及其各环节，是一次系统的、全面的实践机会。
撰写毕业论文的过程，同时也是专业知识的学习过程，而且是更生动、更切实、更深入的专业知识的学习。首先，撰写论文是结合科研课题，把学过的专业知识运用于实际，在理论和实际结合过程中进一步消化、加深和巩固所学的专业知识，并把所学的专业知识转化为分析和解决问题的能力。
论文的标准格式和字号要求一、封面题目：小二号黑体加粗居中。各项内容：四号宋体居中。二、目录目录：二号黑体加粗居中。章节条目：五号宋体。行距：单倍行距。三、论文题目： 小一号黑体加粗居中。四、中文摘要1、摘要：小二号黑体加粗居中。2、摘要内容字体：小四号宋体。3、字数：300字左右。4、行距：20磅5、关键词： 四号宋体，加粗。 词3-5个，每个词间空一格。五、英文摘要1、ABSTRACT：小二号 Times New 、内容字体：小四号 Times New 、单倍行距。4、Keywords： 四号 加粗。 词3-5个，小四号 Times New Roman. 词间空一格。六、绪论 小二号黑体加粗居中。内容500字左右，小四号宋体，行距：20磅七、正文(一)正文用小四号宋体(二)安保、管理类毕业论文各章节按照一、二、三、四、五级标题序号字体格式章：标题 小二号黑体，加粗，居中。节：标题 小三号黑体，加粗，居中。一级标题序号 如：一、二、三、 标题四号黑体，加粗，顶格。二级标题序号 如：(一)(二)(三) 标题小四号宋体，不加粗，顶格。三级标题序号 如：. 标题小四号宋体，不加粗，缩进二个字。四级标题序号 如：(1)(2)(3) 标题小四号宋体，不加粗，缩进二个字。五级标题序号 如：①②③ 标题小四号宋体，不加粗，缩进二个字。医学、体育类毕业论文各章序号用阿拉伯数字编码，层次格式为：1××××(小2号黑体，居中)××××××××××××××(内容用4号宋体)。××××(3号黑体，居左)×××××××××××××(内容用4号宋体)。××××(小3号黑体，居左)××××××××××××××××××××(内容用4号宋体)。①××××(用与内容同样大小的宋体)a.××××(用与内容同样大小的宋体)(三)表格每个表格应有自己的表序和表题，表序和表题应写在表格上方正中。表序后空一格书写表题。表格允许下页接续写，表题可省略，表头应重复写，并在右上方写“续表××”。(四)插图每幅图应有图序和图题，图序和图题应放在图位下方居中处。图应在描图纸或在洁白纸上用墨线绘成，也可以用计算机绘图。(五)论文中的图、表、公式、算式等，一律用阿拉伯数字分别依序连编编排序号。序号分章依序编码，其标注形式应便于互相区别，可分别为：图、表、公式()等。文中的阿拉伯数字一律用半角标示。八、结束语 小二号黑体加粗居中。内容300字左右，小四号宋体，行距：20磅。九、致谢 小二号黑体加粗居中。内容小四号宋体，行距：20磅十、参考文献(一)小二号黑体加粗居中。内容8—10篇， 五号宋体， 行距：20磅。参考文献以文献在整个论文中出现的次序用[1]、[2]、[3]……形式统一排序、依次列出。(二)参考文献的格式：著作：[序号]作者.译者.书名.版本.出版地.出版社.出版时间.引用部分起止页期刊：[序号]作者.译者.文章题目.期刊名.年份.卷号(期数). 引用部分起止页会议论文集：[序号]作者.译者.文章名.文集名 .会址.开会年.出版地.出版者.出版时间.引用部分起止页十一、附录(可略去)小二号黑体加粗居中。 英文内容小四号 Times New Roman. 单倍行距。翻译成中文字数不少于500字 内容五号宋体，行距：20磅。十二、提示论文用A4纸纵向单面打印。页边距设置：上，下，左，右。
毕业论文参考文献汇总
大学生活要接近尾声了，毕业论文是毕业生都必须通过的，毕业论文是一种有计划的检验大学学习成果的形式，写毕业论文需要注意哪些格式呢？以下是我精心整理的毕业论文参考文献，希望能够帮助到大家。
1、唐国兴，计量经济学——理论、方法和模型，复旦大学出版社，1988。
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4、古扎拉蒂 计量经济学(上，下)，中国人民大学出版社2000年中译本。
5、伍德里奇，计量经济学导论——现代观点，中国人民大学出版社2003年中译本。
6、William H. Greene, Econometrics, 4th ed. 清华大学出版社2001年影印本。
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8、易丹辉，数据分析与Eviews应用，中国统计出版社2002。
9、张晓峒主编，计量经济学软件Eviews使用指南，南开大学出版社2003。
10、拉姆.拉玛丹山《应用计量经济学》，机械工业出版社2003中译本。
11、Box, Jenkins, Reinsel《时间序列分析：预测和控制(第三版)》，中国统计出版社，1997年中译本。
12、陆懋祖《高等时间序列计量经济学》，上海人民出版社，1999。
13、韩德瑞、秦朵《动态经济计量学》，上海人民出版社，1998。
14、谢识予、朱弘鑫《高级计量经济学》复旦大学出版社，2005。
15、弗朗西斯《商业和经济预测中的时间序列模型》，中国人民大学出版社，2002。
16、朱平芳《现代计量经济学》，上海财经大学出版社，2004。
17、Pindyck R S, Rubinfeld D L, Econometrics Models and Economic Forecasts, 4th ed. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 1998.
18、Johnston, J. and J. DiNardo, 1997, Econometric Methods, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill.
19、Wallace T D, Silver J L. Econometrics-An Introduction. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. 1988.
20、Gujarati, D. N., 1995, Basic Econometrics, 3nd. ed., McGraw-Hill.
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[9] 曹才翰，章建跃着.数学教育心理学[M]. 北京师范大学出版社， 1999
[10] 沈誉辉，培养中职学生数学应用意识的探索[J]. 现代教育科学. 2006（06）
[11] 王子兴，论数学素养[J]. 数学通报. 2002（01）
[12] 龚劭（丰刀女）. 幼儿在数学领域发展的现状与幼儿园数学教育问题的个案研究[D]. 华东师范大学 2003
[13] 张丽，幼小数学教学衔接问题研究[D]. 广西师范大学 2010
[14] 邹晴，我国全日制小学教育硕士培养模式的探究[D]. 首都师范大学 2014
[15] 车艳，小班幼儿家庭中数学教育的调查研究[D]. 苏州大学 2009
[16] 连玥，家长对幼儿园教育需求的研究[D]. 河南大学 2009 师范大学 2009
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[1]李志生，梅胜等.以就业为导向的毕业设计创新能力培养实践与探讨[J].广东工业大学学报（社会科学版），2006（增刊）.
[2]孙政荣，大学生毕业设计与就业之间的矛盾分析[J].宁波大学学报（理工版），2005（4）.
[3]姚裕群，大学生就业指导问题调查与研究[J].中国大学生就业，2005（7）.
[4]晋燕“目标体验自主探究”课堂教学模式的研究与实践课题方案，《教育前沿与探索》
[5]马连湘郭桂萍广告学实践教学环节与方案的设计，《吉林广播电视大学学报》
[6]专业指在专业人才培养目标描述中，毕业生就业岗位涉及广告行业的专业。
[1]张红，易崇英。广告学专业毕业设计(论文)质量评价体系的构建[J]．新余高专学报，2009(10)．
[2]陈月明，美国高校广告教育[J]．宁波大学学报(教育科学版)，2006(2)．
[3]杨先顺，建构我国广告创新型教育模式的思路[n当代传播，2008(5)．
[4]张信和，苏毅超．广告专业“业务专案组”型毕业设计的教学实践与探讨[J]．成人教育，2004(12)．
[5]陈培爱．中外广告史[M]北京：中国物价出版社，2001．
需要联系同学原，创，查，重
启用论文查重系统是为了培养学生的学术规范，让同学们知道，论文写作必须是自己的原创，所以在查重系统中，对文字重复部分进行了标注，红色部分表示完全重复，有抄袭嫌疑，必须全部改掉重写。
这要看所在学校的要求了，一般是不能连续超过10个字左右，你引用别人的文章可以稍作改动，比如去个“的”或加个“的”字，这样很实用的！
可以 但不能超过30% 对策见附件
另外许多查重软件是引文标绿呀
不知道，我毕业的时候是用的维普论文检测系统，感觉蛮好收费合理检测结果也准。
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太长时间了吗你太
不确定性的狂欢——《达芬奇密码》的后现代主义解读从文学文体学角度浅析《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中的反奴斗争接受美学视角下《暮光之城》字幕翻译的审美再现策略针对“00后”学生特点的初中英语个性化教学研究
Study on the Child Image of the Catcher in the Rye From Linguistic Perspective 从语言的角度分析《麦田里的守望者》中的儿童形象A CHILD OF NATURE: ON EMILY DICKINSON'S NATURE COMPLEX 璞玉无暇，浑然天成：论艾米莉.狄金森的自然情结A POLYPHONIC ANALYSIS OF THE SOUNF AND FURY “对位法”分析《喧哗与骚动》The Use of Zero Article Before Class Nouns 类名词前的零冠词用法解析An Analysis of Factors of Martin Eden's Suicide 导致马丁.伊登自杀因素的分析Factors Affecting Marriage in Pride and Prejudice <<傲慢与偏见〉〉中影响婚姻的因素A Probe into Anti-slavery of Mark Twain--From the Perspective of Jim in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 探讨马克吐温的反奴隶制--对《哈克贝利芬历险记》中吉姆的分析The Use OF Body Language In English Teaching 肢体语言在英语教学中的应用Task-based Language Teaching and Its Application in China 任务教学法及其在中国的应用Various Circumstances That the Inversion Is Used Under and Comparison with Chinese 运用到状的多种情形及与汉语的比较Individual Factos Contributing to Gatsby's Tragedy 导致盖茨比悲剧产生的个人因素The Direct Method and Its Application in Juvenile English Teaching 直接教学法及其在少儿英语教学中的应用On Social Factora to the Failure of the Americam Dream——A Contrast between Gatsby and Willy Loman 论美国梦破灭的社会因素——盖茨比和威力洛曼的比较On the Psychological Development of Tom in The Grapes of Wrath论《愤怒的葡萄》中汤姆的心理变化Study on the Teaching of Culture 浅析文化教学Culture Conmflicts in English Teaching 英语教学中的文化冲突Cultural Differences of Chinese and English Color Words 中英颜色词的文化差异A Research of Rhetoric in Jane Eyre 关于《简爱》中修辞的研究On the Causes of Tess's Tragedy 论苔丝悲剧的原因 On Symbolism and Portraiture in The Great Gatsby 论《了不起的盖茨比》中的象征主义和人物描写Multianalysis of "the Lost Generation" in The Sun Also Rises 透视《太阳照样升起》中的“迷惘的一代”On Robinson Crusoe's Character 鲁滨逊人物分析The Use of Symbolism in Scarlet Letter 论《红字》中象征手法的运用On the Writing Features Of The Cal l of the Wild 论《野性的呼唤》的写作手法 Character Analysis of Santiago in The Old Man and The Sea 《老人与海》主人公——桑提亚哥形象分析Communicative Approach of English Teaching 英语教学之交际法On the Theme of For Whom the Bell Tolls 论《丧钟为谁而鸣》的主题思想How to Be a Good Guide in English Teaching in Middle School 怎样在中学教学中做好引导者
Since the "Dream of Red Mansions," Since the birth of the people on the three main female images Wang Xifeng, Lin Tai-yu and Xue Bao-chai Judgments of right and wrong has been debated. But both the pro-anti-Lin anti-Xue Feng, or anti-pro-Lin Xue Yong Feng or other, there are always opposing views, but also the majority of these objections based on the image of the other side, which often criticized the photo into the chaos and weakness. In this paper, the main character of conflict to seize the figures to describe characters, and on this basis, to explore the subtle relationships between the characters are conducive to a better understanding of the tragic outcome.
One reason for my admiration for Cao Xueqin's "Dream of the Red Chamber" is that the novel provides a profound and insightful reflection on the complexities of human nature and social relationships. Through the vivid portrayal of characters and their interactions, the novel captures the joys, sorrows, passions, and dilemmas of life in a vivid and realistic way. Additionally, the novel's masterful use of language and poetic imagery creates a captivating and unforgettable reading experience. Overall, "Dream of the Red Chamber" is a timeless masterpiece that continues to resonate with readers around the world.
2002年10月，南开大学外国语学院和《中国翻译》编辑部联合举办“全国《红楼梦》翻译研讨会”，这是专就一部文学经典的翻译举行的学术会议。大会收到数量较多的论文，这里汇集的是其中的一部分，凑成一个集子，以资纪念。同时，借此机会与学者们互通信息，交流经验，共同推动《红楼梦》的翻译研究。在世界文学史上，有因对具体作家的研究而发展成为一个专门学问的，如，将英国戏剧家莎士比亚研究称为“莎学”，将爱尔兰作家乔伊斯 (JamesJoyce)研究称为“乔学”。因对一本书的研究而发展成专门学问的不多，《红楼梦》是一个。这是文学史上一个特殊的现象。《红楼梦》于乾隆五十六(1791)年第一次刊印，至清朝末年，一些文人把对《红楼梦》的研读和评说称之为“红学”。此后的“红学”经历了一个曲折的发展过程，至于今，已成为一门显学，不仅在中国，在国外也受关注。《红楼梦》作为一部文学经典具有恒久的魅力，它在中国文化里产生、流传，在异域文化里也得到传播——主要通过它的译文得以实现。 目前，《红楼梦》已有十五六种文字的译本。就英语译本看，它的翻译经历了一个较长的历史。陈宏薇教授和江帆在她们合写的《难忘的历程》里说，自 1830年英国皇家学会会员戴维斯翻译《红楼梦》第三回片断开始， 160年来，先后产生了9种英译文。在霍克斯／闵福德和杨宪益夫女王的全译本之前的翻译都是节译，其中以王良志(1927)和王际真 (1929)的译本在推动《红楼梦》在西方流传方面影响较大。20世纪70年代，英国汉学家戴维·霍克斯(DavidHawkes)着手翻译《红楼梦》前80回，由英国企鹅出版公司出版，译文书名为 The StoryO／the Stone，分三卷，第一卷The Golden Days(1973)，包括前26回；第二卷The Crab—Flower Club(1977)，包括27 —53回；第三卷The Warning Voice(1980)，包括54—80回。后来约翰·闵福德(John Minford)继霍克斯翻译了《红楼梦》的后四十回，分两卷出版，第四卷TheDebto／Tears(1982)，包括81—98回；第五卷TheDreamer Wakes(1986)，包括99—120回。20世纪70年代后期，杨宪益(Yang Hsien-yi)和戴乃迭(Glad— ysYang)夫夕]也开始了翻译《红楼梦》的巨大工程，于1978— 1980年由外文出版社(北京)分三卷出版，译文书名为‘4 Dream o／ Red Mansions。《红楼梦》两个英文全译本的出版，不仅是中国和英语国家文化交流的大事，也是文学翻译的大事，它促进了中国古典小说的翻译进程。在此后不到十年的时间里，相继又出版了由詹纳(W．J。 P．Jenner)翻译的《西游记》(／ourneycOthe West，1982)，由沙博里 (SidneyShapiro)翻译的《水浒传》(Outlaws O／the Marsh，1988)，以及由罗伯茨(Moss Roberts)翻译的《三国演义》(Three King— doms，1994)。至此，中国四部古典文学名著的英文全译本已出齐。在推动中国古典文学名著英译并使其形成一个蓬勃发展的形势过程中，《红楼梦》的英译者们是有功劳的。随着《红楼梦》的翻译出版，出现了《红楼梦》翻译批评和研究的好形势。 自戴维·霍克斯于1973年出版第一卷The Golden Days以来，便有人开始写研究《红楼梦》翻译的文章。据不完全统计，到目前就霍克斯／闵福德译本和杨宪益／戴乃迭译本所写的散见于各地的研究文章，已有70余篇，加上这里收集的30几篇，足有100多篇。这期间也有关于《红楼梦》翻译研究的专著问世，如南开大学王宏印教授的《<红楼梦>诗词曲赋英译比较研究》，是《红楼梦》系统研究的一个良好开端。现在研究《红楼梦》翻译的人逐渐多起来，专家学者之外，也有青年教师和研究生。在这种形势下，探讨如何使《红楼梦》的翻译研究深入，也许能够使其成为一个专门的研究课题，为翻译作为一门学科的建设做贡献，这是很值得的。从这里收入的文章看，大体分二种类型。一种是宏观类型的研究，其研究方法突破了以往规定性的“标准一分析一结论”和文本“对等”的单一模式，回到历史和文化的背景中，研究《红楼梦》翻译和当时的历史、政治、文化和文学思潮的互动关系，·体现了以历史地描述和解释为主的科学研究的性质；这一类型里还有关于《红楼梦》翻译的体制、策略、翻译倾向和补偿策略等问题的研究，也是值得重视的问题。另一种是微观类型的研究，多涉及文化和语言层面的问题，以阐释批评的方式对译作和原作以及它们之间的关系进行评价，对译作进行审美的和其他方面的价值判断等。 这两种类型的研究各有自己的功能和价值。宏观方面的研究可以帮助我们认识不同文化之间的交流和理解是经过怎样一个过程实现的；微观方面的研究可以帮助我们思考如何翻译好，如何培养好的译者，以真正实现文化交流的目的。勒菲弗尔(Andr6 Lefe— vere)和巴斯奈特(Susan Bassneff)将这二者比喻为翻译大厦里的两栋房子，没有理由不让它们并肩而立。翻译研究的目的除了对翻译活动进行客观的和科学的描述和解释，还要通过研究翻译过程和翻译作品对翻译进行理论总结，以端正对翻译的认识，提高翻译质量，促进翻译事业的发展。著名红学家冯其庸说：《红楼梦》是一首无韵的《离骚》，也是一部“说”家之绝唱。 自从《红楼梦》问世以后，中国的古典小说再也没有超越它的作品出现了。《红楼梦》是一部“前不见古人，后不见来者”的千古绝唱!读过《红楼梦》的人大概都同意这个意见，甚至连读过《红楼梦》的外国人也持同样的看法。斯洛伐克翻译家玛丽纳·恰尔诺古尔斯卡(Marina Camogul3ka)就说：因为它是一部天才的小说、散文和诗的交响曲，它是一部集所有重要的中国文化之大成的百科全书，它是一部蕴涵重要的人生哲理和世界观的小说——而这样大师级的文学作品在世界上任何别的地方均不存在。《红楼梦》的译者以及未来的《红楼梦》译者们肩负着一个伟大而艰难的使命，即，通过译文让英语读者也能认识到“《红楼梦》是一部‘前不见古人，后不见来者’的千古绝唱”，是一部“在世界上任何别的地方均不存在”的作品。如果我们的译文不能达到这样的境界，那就辜负了这部伟大的作品。 钱谷融先生认为一切文学作品都应该是诗，都应该有诗的意味。他说李白、杜甫的诗篇是诗，曹雪芹的《红楼梦》以及鲁迅的《朝花夕拾》都是诗，研究文学不可忘记文学作品的本质是诗。他的这番话对于翻译的研究者和文学作品的译者有很深的启示：《红楼梦》里“诗的意味”是什么，它是以怎样的形式表现出来或隐含在内，翻译《红楼梦》时如何才能体验和再现它的“诗的意味”。这些涉及到文艺美学也涉及到翻译美学，是《红楼梦》的翻译和研究不可回避的问题。 《红楼梦》的翻译研究虽属个案研究，但在对两种语言、两种文学和文化的对比研究中可以汲取丰富的灵感和资源，用科学的方法加以梳理总结，可以使我们的翻译研究建立在语言、文学和文化对比研究的坚实的基础之上，在对比语言学、对比文化学、文艺美学和翻译诗学等方面有所发现，为翻译学的建设和翻译事业的发展做出自己的贡献In October 2002, Nankai University Foreign Languages Institute and "Chinese Translation" Editorial Department jointly organized the "National" Dream of Red Mansions "translation workshop," This is a classic on the translation of a literary conference held. The General Assembly received a large number of papers collected here are part of, to make up a collection, memento of the occasion. At the same time, and scholars to take this opportunity to share information, exchange experiences and jointly promote the "Dream of Red Mansions" of translation studies. In the history of world literature, a writer because of the specific research and the development of a specialized knowledge of, for example, the British dramatist Shakespeare referred to as the "school-sha", the Irish writer James Joyce (JamesJoyce) study known as "Joe Xue . " Because of a book devoted to research and develop into a little learning, "A Dream of Red Mansions" is a. This is a special literary phenomenon. "A Dream of Red Mansions" at 56 Qianlong (1791) published for the first time to the late Qing dynasty, a number of scholars to "A Dream of Red Mansions" and comment on the study called "A Dream of Red Mansions." Since then the "A Dream of Red Mansions" has gone through a tortuous development process, as this has become a significant study, not only in China, in other countries of concern. "A Dream of Red Mansions" as a literary classic with a long-lasting charm, which have a culture in China, spread in a foreign land has been the dissemination of culture - mainly through its President can be achieved. At present, the "Dream of Red Mansions" has been the translation of languages十五六. On the English translation, the translation of it has gone through a long history. And Professor Chen Hongwei Jiang Fan in their co-wrote the "unforgettable journey," said that since 1830 the Royal Society of translation Davis, "A Dream of Red Mansions" to fragment the third year, 160 years ago, has resulted in nine kinds of English translation . In the Hawkes / Min Yang Xianyi Ford and the Queen's husband before the whole translation of the translation section is translated, with Wang Chi (1927) and WANG Ji-Zhen (1929) in promoting the translation of "A Dream of Red Mansions" in the West affect the larger circulation. The 20th century, 70's, the United Kingdom戴维霍克斯sinologist (DavidHawkes) start of translation, "A Dream of Red Mansions" before the 80 back, from United Kingdom Penguin Books published the title of President for The StoryO / the Stone, in three volumes, the first volume of The Golden Days (1973), including the former 26 Back; II The Crab-Flower Club (1977), including back to 27 -53; III The Warning Voice (1980), including back to 54-80. Later, John Minford (John Minford) following the Hawkes translation of "A Dream of Red Mansions" after the 40 back, in two volumes published in Volume IV TheDebto / Tears (1982), including back to 81-98; TheDreamer V Wakes (1986), including back to 99-120. 70 In the late 20th century, Yang Yi (Yang Hsien-yi) and Gladys (Glad-ysYang) Fu Xi] also began the translation, "A Dream of Red Mansions," the great works, in 1978 - 1980 by Foreign Languages Press (Beijing) published in three volumes, entitled Mr'4 Dream o / Red Mansions. "A Dream of Red Mansions" two of the published English translation of the whole is not only a cultural exchange between China and the major English-speaking countries, but also a major event in literary translation, it has promoted the translation of classical Chinese novels process. Less than a decade in time, have also published by Jenner (. P. Jenner) translation of "Journey to the West" (/ ourneycOthe West, 1982), by the Shapiro-ri (SidneyShapiro) Translation " Outlaws of the Marsh "(Outlaws O / the Marsh, 1988), as well as Roberts (Moss Roberts) translation of the" Romance of the Three Kingdoms "(Three King-doms, 1994). So far, four classical Chinese Literature in English translation has been a homogeneous whole. In promoting the English translation of Chinese Classical Literature and make it into a dynamic growth process, "A Dream of Red Mansions" is the British translator who has the credit of. With the "Dream of Red Mansions" translated and published, there has been "A Dream of Red Mansions," the study of translation criticism and a good situation.戴维霍克斯since the publication of Volume I in 1973, since The Golden Days, people began to write research "A Dream of Red Mansions," the article translated. According to incomplete statistics, the current on the Hawkes / Minford translation and Yang Hsien-yi / Gladys written translation research scattered throughout the articles, there are more than 70 articles, together with the collection of 30 essays here, there are more than 100 feet articles. During this period there are on "A Dream of Red Mansions" Translation Studies monographs available, such as the Nankai University's Professor Wang Hongyin " Poetry A Comparative Study of the English translation of Qu Fu" and "A Dream of Red Mansions" System of a good start. Research is now "A Dream of Red Mansions" translation gradually grown, outside experts and scholars, there are young teachers and graduate students. Under such circumstances, to explore how to make the "A Dream of Red Mansions," the translation of research in depth, may be able to make it a special research topic for the translation as a discipline to contribute to the building, it is worth it. Income from here to see the article, generally divided into two types. One is the macro-type of research, the research methods of breaking through the previous "standard an analysis of a conclusion" and the text of "reciprocity" of single-mode and return to historical and cultural background, the study of "A Dream of Red Mansions" translation and the historical, political, cultural and literary interaction between ideas, reflects the historical description and interpretation of the nature of scientific research-based; this type there are still on "A Dream of Red Mansions" translation system, strategy, Translation compensation trends and issues such as research strategy, one that deserves attention. Another type of study is the micro-, multi-cultural and linguistic level, in order to explain the criticism of the way and the original translation as well as their evaluation of the relationship between, on the translation for aesthetic and other value judgments and so on. Both types of study have their own functions and values. Macro-studies can help us understand the exchange between different cultures and understanding how a process is achieved; micro research can help us to think about how good the translation, how to cultivate a good translator, so as to really achieve the purpose of cultural exchange . Lefebvre (Andr6 Lefe-vere) and Bassnett (Susan Bassneff) compared to the translation of these two buildings in the two houses, there is no reason not to allow them to stand shoulder to shoulder. The purpose of translation studies translation activities in addition to objective and scientific description and explanation, but also by studying the process of translation and translation work on the translation of theoretical summary to correct understanding of translation, translation quality, and promote the development of translation. Yong Feng红学家famous said: "A Dream of Red Mansions" is a non-rhyme of "Li Sao", is also a "say" home of farewell. Since the "Dream of Red Mansions" after launch, the Chinese classical novel does not go beyond it no longer works there. "A Dream of Red Mansions" is a "not before the ancients, the latter were not to" the eternal farewell! Read "A Dream of Red Mansions" who probably agree with this view, and even read the "Dream of Red Mansions" of foreigners, also holds the same view. Slovakia玛丽纳恰尔诺古尔斯卡translator (Marina Camogul3ka) said: because it is a genius of fiction, prose and poetry of the symphony, it is a collection of all the important of the Chinese culture Dacheng Encyclopedia, which is an important implication of the life philosophy and world view of the novel - and this master of literary works in the world do not exist in any other places. "A Dream of Red Mansions" and the future of the translator, "A Dream of Red Mansions" translators are responsible for a great and difficult mission, that is, through the President so that English readers will understand "" A Dream of Red Mansions "is a 'pre - not ancient, but not to those who, after 'the eternal farewell "is a" in the world do not exist in any other places "works. Asked if we can not achieve such a state, then let this great work. Mr. Qian Gurong that all literary works should be poetry, poetry should have the means. He said that Li Bai, Du Fu's poetry is poetry, Cao Xueqin's "Dream of Red Mansions" and Lu Xun's "朝花夕拾" are poetry, literary studies should not forget that the essence of literature is poetry. Translation of his remarks for the researchers and the translator of literary works have a very deep inspiration: "A Dream of Red Mansions" in "means that poetry" is what kind of form it is manifested or implied, including, translation of "A Dream of Red Mansions" how to reproduce it in order to experience and the "means of poetry." These relate to literary aesthetics of translation also involves aesthetics, is "A Dream of Red Mansions" of the translation and study of the problem can not be avoided. "A Dream of Red Mansions", although the translation of research case studies, but in two languages, two types of Comparative Literature and cultural studies can learn a wealth of inspiration and resources to sort out the scientific method to sum up, you can make our translation Research based on language, literature and cultural comparative study on the solid foundation, in contrast to linguistics, comparative culture, literature and art aesthetics and poetics of translation has been found and so on, for the construction of translation studies and translation of the cause of the development of its own contribution to
钱谷融先生认为一切文学作品都应该是诗，都应该有诗的意味。他说李白、杜甫的诗篇是诗，曹雪芹的《红楼梦》以及鲁迅的《朝花夕拾》都是诗，研究文学不可忘记文学作品的本质是诗。他的这番话对于翻译的研究者和文学作品的译者有很深的启示：《红楼梦》里“诗的意味”是什么，它是以怎样的形式表现出来或隐含在内，翻译《红楼梦》时如何才能体验和再现它的“诗的意味”。这些涉及到文艺美学也涉及到翻译美学，是《红楼梦》的翻译和研究不可回避的问题。 《红楼梦》的翻译研究虽属个案研究，但在对两种语言、两种文学和文化的对比研究中可以汲取丰富的灵感和资源，用科学的方法加以梳理总结，可以使我们的翻译研究建立在语言、文学和文化对比研究的坚实的基础之上，在对比语言学、对比文化学、文艺美学和翻译诗学等方面有所发现，为翻译学的建设和翻译事业的发展做出自己的贡献。