First read the picture is a hidden secret everywhere "mystery", because whether map page and cover or HuanChen, is the organic component in these places, authors have offered a lot for readers artwork. Only guide children from beginning to end, can find many reading picture is often neglected details readers. Read these details, the understanding of text will make further , from the cover story guess. Whatever book, cover is the first view in the eye, and readers to read stories to children before the children can arouse the reading desire. "Guess how much I love you" on the cover of the book is a picture, a XiaoLiang rabbit rabbit caught big rabbit ears, if what he is saying. Teachers can guide the children, guess what they look conversation topics, and the story -- guess how much I love and HuanChen had not leak. HuanChen is cover and book a mounts, between the core of the many HuanChen also draw with pictures, but you can never thought they merely on adornment effect of the design and immediately after a while, in fact, not only with the text of the HuanChen story, sometimes enhancing themes. "My dad" in the book of humor, through the child exaggerated fantasy, shaping a laughter let a person's dad image: the daddy day and night, wearing a long pajama, he afraid Wolf, a jump over the moon, can eat like a horse, to swim like a fish flexible... "My dad is HuanChen design on the" my dad "that a small yellowish-brown pajamas locally. The earthworm's diary of HuanChen unexpectedly is earthworm in different periods, that picture is the first day of school oneself, have oneself and family photographs, good friends, and his exam scores and teachers' comments, we seem to see the small earthworms growth record, although not yet started reading stories, but has been these lovely pictures to attract.
就是前言。讲述写作背景等,为正文做铺垫。
はじめに 中文的前言。在这里,你要写上 :1 你为什么要写这篇论文,你的动机是什么。。。2 你的这篇论文是怎么个论证过程。用什么手法论证。。。。3 你论文最终要起到个什么作用。对你,对你写的对象有什么的帮助。。。
日语毕业论文提纲范文 中国茶文化与日本茶道的联系中国茶文化と日本茶道のつながり 学生姓名 摘 要(也可以用日文要旨) 茶道自中国传入日本,与日本的传统文化相互融合从而具有了日本民族独有的气质和韵味。它与日本的宗教、艺术、社会、哲学、美术、伦理、礼仪溶为一体,从而行成了一门综合性的`文化,在日本文化中占据着十分重要的地位。 对于茶道的研究一直是日本文化研究的一个重要领域。对于茶道的研究离不开对对东方文化的研究,茶道是世界东方两个民族文化融合的结晶,具有东方文化的特质。本文旨在研究中日茶文化交流的过程,茶道的变迁以及它在现实生活中的意义。在前人研究的基础上通过对茶的起源以及茶道的发展;儒教、道教、佛教对茶道的影响;中国历代对日本茶道的影响。 关键词:茶道,传统,和静清寂,禅,文化 章节设计 1. はじめに 问题提起と茶文化の定 义 研究の目的と意 义 2. 先行研究と研究方法. 先行研究 研究方法と资料 収 集 3. 茶の起源と茶文化の 発 展 茶の起源 茶文化の 発 展 4. 日本の茶道 宋代 闘 茶の输入と茶道の普及 唐物と书院茶 寂茶と村田珠光 千利休と茶道大成 5. 儒教、道教、 仏 教と茶道 道教と茶道 儒教と茶道 仏 教(禅)と茶道 6. おわりに 各章节拟论述内容(至少要有各章的内容,如果能详细到各节的内容更好) 1. はじめに ✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕ ✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕ 2. 先行研究と研究方法 ✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕ ✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕ 3. 茶の起源と茶文化の 発 展 ✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕ ✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕ 4. 日本の茶道 ✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕ ✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕ 5. 儒教、道教、 仏 教と茶道 ✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕ ✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕ 6. おわりに ✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕ ✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕✕ 参考文献 [1]周文棠.2003.茶道[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社 [2]丁文.1998.中国茶道[M].西安: 陕西旅游出版社 [3]千宗室.1992.[茶经]与日本茶道的历史意义[M].天津:南开大学出版社 [4]靳飞.2004.茶禅一味[M].日本的茶道文化.天津:百花文艺出版社 [5]高旭晖·刘桂华.2003.茶文化学概论[M].合肥:安徽美术出版社 [6]王从仁.2001.中国茶文化[M].上海:上海古籍出版社 [7]陈珲·吕国利.2000.中华茶文化寻踪[M].北京:中国城市出版社 [8]黄志根.2000.中华茶文化[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社 [9]郭孟良.2003.中国茶史[M].太原:山西古籍出版社 [10]王国安、要英.2000.茶与中国文化[M].上海:汉语大词典出版社 [11]董尚胜·王建荣.2003.茶史[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社 [12](唐) 陆羽·(清) 陆廷灿.2003.茶经续茶经陆羽[M].北京:中国工人出版社 [13]殷伟.2001.中国茶史演义[M].昆明:云南人民出版社 [14]鲁迅.1933.准风月谈[C].北京:人民文学出版社 [15]谷川 彻 三.1977.茶の美学[M].淡交社 [16]熊 仓 功夫.1981.茶の汤の礼仪と芸能[M].淡交社. [17]久松真一.1984.茶道の哲学[M].思想社. [18]久松真一.1984.日本文化的使命と茶道[M].思想社 [19] 仓 沢 行洋.1990.芸术の哲学[M].东方出版社 [20] 仓 沢 行洋.1988.一期一会覚书[M].灯影社 [21]桑田忠亲.1994.古田 织 部の茶道[M].淡交社 [22]千宗室.1983.『茶 経 』と我が国茶道の歴史的意 义 [M].淡交社. [23]吉村亨.1984.日本の茶[M].淡交社 [24]川胜平太.1987.茶の文化と文明.东京.小学馆 [25]守屋毅.1981.茶の文化その综合的研究第一部.淡交社 [26] 仓 泽 .1992.日本茶道文化概论. 淡交社 ;
英语毕业论文答辩稿范文(精选8篇)
一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束,我们毕业前都要通过最后的`毕业论文,毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式,快来参考毕业论文是怎么写的吧!下面是我帮大家整理的英语毕业论文答辩稿范文,希望对大家有所帮助。
Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.
With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.
Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.
With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.
Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.
For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.
In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.
Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.
Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.
Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words. Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all. Thank you.
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.
I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems
Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.
Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.
Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.
Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style
in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!
I will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter (1940-1992) is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!
Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m *** and come from class *. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.
Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.
Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.
Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.
For the above facts, I select this title.
Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.
The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.
The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.
The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.
The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.
The last part is the conclusion.
I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.
When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.
That’s all. Thank you.
英语本科毕业论文范文摘要、关键词、目录、正文、参考文献、感谢词都有
英语文学是英语专业学生的一门重要的课程,对于英语学生的自身能力的提升具有十分重要的意义。下面是我为大家整理的英语文学方向毕业论文,供大家参考。
摘要:教师在教学中从多方面注重学生英语文学素养的培养,同时大学生也要积极进行英语文学素养的培养,不断提升自身的英语文学素养,促进自身的全面发展。
关键词:英语文学;大学生
一、大学生英语文学素养培养的现状
大学生的英语文学素养的培养非常重要,然而在大学的英语教学中教师对于学生文学素养的重视不够,并且学生自身没有较强的意识注重文学素养的培养。大学的英语教学,尤其是非英语专业的英语教学,主要是大学英语课程的教学,在教学中对于学生的文学素养培养没有足够的重视。第一,大学英语的教学主要以学生语言技巧为主,以英语词汇、知识点、语法等为主要讲授内容,教师很少讲授到英美文学的知识,也较少布置有关文学阅读的任务,对于大学生的英语文学素养培养非常不利。第二,英语四级、六级考试,作为国家级考试对于学生的学习要求也主要为英语语言自身的应用,但是对于英语文学方面没有很多的要求,影响着全国大学生的英语学习。从学生角度来说,大学生尤其是非英语专业的学生对于英语兴趣不高,很少学生去阅读英语文学的相关资料,或者有兴趣但是英语能力不足,慢慢失去了对于英语文学的喜爱
二、大学生英语文学素养培养的策略
针对大学生英语文学素养的现状,我们必须注重大学生英语文学素养的培养,从多方面提高大学生的英语文学素养,促进大学生的全面发展。
第一,英语课堂上教师注意培养学生对于英语文学的兴趣。大学的英语课,多是大学英语的课程,很多非英语专业学生英语基础较差,对英语不感兴趣,对于英语文学的兴趣就更小。为了提高大学生的英语文学素养,在英语课堂上教师可以注意学生文学的兴趣培养。在讲授教学内容时,继续增强学生对英语语言的喜爱,恰当地为学生介绍文学作品,联系更多的文学信息,将教学内容与英美的文学知识结合在一起,引起学生对英语文学的兴趣。
第二,教学内容多介绍英语文学的相关知识,带领学生学会文学赏析、评论等。大学英语教学的主要内容都是大学英语课程的内容,教师讲授教学内容时比较偏重与英语语言的应用,对于文学作品的分析、文学作品的赏析进行地很少。为了培养学生的英语文学素养,教师可以讲课时注意突出与教学内容相关的文学知识,在为学生讲解知识点的同时带领学生去学习如何赏析文学作品,对于文学作品进行分析评论,为学生推荐适合的文学作品,让学生从文学作品中获得更多的知识,也获得更多的关于世界、人生的思考。
第三,课上教师采取灵活多样的教学方法来进行英语文学的熏陶。在英语教学过程中,教师采取丰富多彩的教学方式和手段来引导学生对英语文学的兴趣,提升学生对文学的敏感度,促进学生的文学积累。一方面,教师可以将文学学习与电影结合起来。很多的文学作品,尤其是经典的文学作品都被后人拍成电影或者电视,而电影、电视是学生容易接受的方式,而且对于学生来说更具吸引力,在电影中学生对于文学作品有所了解,对于英语语言的应用也更清晰。另一方面,教师应该充分利用网络资源,引导学生接触更多的英语文学知识和作品。在当今时代,接触文学不仅靠书籍,还可以更好地利用网络资源。在信息飞速的时代,教师可以积极引导学生利用网络进行文学阅读和文学思考。
第四,布置课下文学的延伸任务,定期检验学生的完成情况。在英语教学过程中,教师要布置恰当的文学阅读任务和文学赏析作业。根据教学内容,向学生推荐英语文学作品,要求学生完成文学作品的相关任务,鼓励学生在进行文学阅读和赏析的任务过程中,进行思考分析,获得更多的知识和思考。对于布置的文学任务,可以定期进行检查,通过写阅读反思、影评等来检验学生对于文学作业的完成情况。
第五,学生自身要转变观念,变被动培养为主动提高。大学生为了就业,更多的人都选择学习实用性强的课程,对于短期内实用效果较小的文学学习却很忽略。要提高大学生的英语文学素养,学生首先要从思想上转变以前的观念,意识到文学学习和提高文学素养对于自身发展的重要性,重视自身英语文学素养的培养。其次在课堂上和课下主动进行文学作品的阅读和学习,配合教师的文学学习的教学,积极完成教师布置的文学相关作业将文学素养的培养当成一项长期的活动。教师在教学中从多方面注重学生英语文学素养的培养,同时大学生也要积极进行英语文学素养的培养,不断提升自身的英语文学素养,促进自身的全面发展。
参考文献
1、基于思维过程的高中英语文学阅读思维型课堂教学架构兰春寿课程.教材.教法2015-12-01期刊1
2、 英语专业体裁文本依托文学课程体系改革效果分析景婧外语界2015-08-25期刊
摘要:总之,动词汉译英的过程就是由“动态”向“静态”转化、由展开型句法结构向浓缩型句法结构转化的过程,也体现了由汉民族思维方式向英民族思维方式转化的过程。
关键词:英语文学;研究生
一、汉语的“动态”与英语的“静态”
动词是表示人或事物动作、行为、发展、变化的词,是最复杂、最活跃的一种词类。英、汉两种语言对动词的概括意义是一样的,但动词的数量及使用频率与方式却并不一样。从总体修辞效果来看,英语呈“静态”,汉语呈“动态”,亦即,英语有一种少用(谓语)动词而用其他手段;而汉语则有一种多用动词的固有习惯。英语每个句子中只能使用一个限定式动词(并列谓语除外);而汉语中却存在着“连动式”和“兼语式”,如“他到了火车站发现火车已经开走了”,及紧缩句,如“我们下雨也去”。英语的限定动词只能做谓语,而汉语中的动词(包括动宾词组、主谓词组等)不仅做谓语,也可做主语,如“理论联系实际是我们党的优良传统”,宾语,如“鲁迅主张打落水狗”,定语,如“讨论的问题很重要”,状语,如“一定要批判地继承我国的文学艺术遗产”和补语,如“小溪旁那些女人们听得笑起来了”。汉语是一种离不开动词的语言,除了部分句子(即名词谓语句如“今天星期六”和形容词谓语句如“他这几天心情很好”)以外,大量的句子都不止使用一个动词,有的句子几乎全句都是动词,如“打得赢就打,打不赢就走,不怕没办法”。汉语的动词还可以重叠和组合构成新的动词,如“走走”、“商量商量”、“看一看”、“打打闹闹”,而英语的动词却不能。另外汉语中为数不多的介词,也大都是从古代汉语动词演变而来的,有些还具备动词的一般特点,称为“半动词”,“副动词”,“汉语中的绝大多数的‘介词’,应该划归动词的范畴,只是入句时,表现了相当于英语介词的作用”,如“他在家”中的“在”为动词,而“他在家看书”中的“在”则为介词。
二、“动态”与“静态”的思维根源
汉语“动态”与英语“静态”之差异,其深层原因在于汉、英民族思维方式的差异:即汉民族重形象思维、重悟性,而西方人重抽象思维、重理性。汉文化的重要特征之一是“尚象”,汉民族习惯于“观物取像”,即取万物之象,加工成为象征意义的符号来反映、认识客观事物的规律,形成了偏重形象,即偏重具体的思维方式;西方文化的重要特征之一是“尚思”,注重逻辑与形式论证,形成了以概念、判断和推理为思维形式,偏重抽象的思维方式。这种思维形式的不同在语言上表现为:英语语言常常使用大量的涵义概括、指称笼统的抽象名词来表达复杂的理性概念,因而显得“虚”和“静”;而汉语则习惯于形象语言,用形象的方法来表达抽象的事物,动词的形象性即满足了中文的需求,由于大量地使用动词,汉语言因而显得“实”和“动”。另外,汉民族相比于西方人更倾向于注重悟性,汉语由意念贯通,行文造句不需要严格的语法规则来规范,词的用法也非常灵活,动词的使用即非常灵活。汉语的动词由于没有形态变化的约束,使用起来十分自由、灵活,可以充当句子的各种成分,也可以连用形成连动式和兼语式,还可以重叠和组合构成新的动词,动词的大量使用使汉语的表达呈现“动态”的倾向。与之相反,西方人更注重理性,注重形式论证,在语言上表现为形态的外漏和形式上的完整,因此行文造句需要严格的语法规则来规范。英语句子有严谨的主谓结构,一个句子结构通常只使用一个谓语动词,大量本应该用动词表达的概念,只能用非谓语动词来表达,或借助于动词以外的词类,主要是由动词派生而来的名词,有时还要借助于介词、副词及由动词转化而来的形容词,这样便产生了动词的虚化和弱化,使得英语的表达呈现“静态”的倾向。
三、汉译英中动词的处理
鉴于学生动态英译文的问题,从“动态”与“静态”这一修辞差异入手来探讨汉译英中汉语动词(不包括判断动词和能愿动词)的处理,应是汉译英教学中的非常重要的一讲。
(一)单动词汉语句子中动词的处理
“英语的静态修辞的实质是名词优势和介词优势,而介词优势又是名词优势的必然结果。因为名词与名词之间要借助介词来联结”。英语倾向于用名词(词组)来表达汉语用动词所表达的概念,即动作、行为、状态等,尤其在科技、法律、政治等正式文体中更是如此。这不仅使英语句子简洁紧凑,也避免了将人牵涉进来,从而使语句意义更加含蓄、间接,符合英民族表达习惯,因而句子优美。因此,在有些情况下,汉语动词并不是译成英语动词,而是要遵循英语的这一修辞特点,进行必要的词性转换,即动词向名词和介词的转化(如a和b),有时也转化成副词和形容词(如c和d)等,使译文符合英语的句法规律,因而更加地道、更显文采。a.他很贪嘴。.这不符合我们党的政策.ThisisnotinkeepingwithourParty’.桌布铺上了吗?Istheclothon?d.他怀疑我的动机。Heissuspiciousofmyintentions.
(二)多动词汉语句子中动词的处理
汉语注重“动态”描写,一个句子中往往会涌现大量的动词,但并不会引起句子的臃肿和混乱.汉语的动词可以作句子的不同成分;一个句子中可以连用两个或更多的动词作谓语,有时一个句子中会集结异常大量的动词,按照各动作实际上的时间顺序或逻辑上的因果次序,将事件一一如实说出,甚至尽量省略关系词以达到动词集中、动词突出的效果。因此在将汉语句中充当主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补的动词译成英语时,有的可以省译,有的要进行词性转换或译成非限定动词;在将汉语的连动式结构译成英文时,首先要确定一个主要动词,作为谓语动词,与主语形成SV主干,构成全句中心,其他动词有的可以省译,有的作为次要动词进行词性转换或译成非限定动词、独立主格结构,打破汉语的时间或事理顺序,运用英语所富有的各种关系词或关系手段,适当地将它们嫁接到句子的中心主干上,形成空间立体布局,使句子语义层次分明。当然,在将连动式结构译成英文时,若有两个或以上动词都该是英译文中的谓语动词,则应将其译成并列谓语。但译文谓语动词如果铺排过多,就会显得很累赘,语义层次很不分明,带有浓厚的汉语色彩,这时,应首先采取断句处理。
总之,动词汉译英的过程就是由“动态”向“静态”转化、由展开型句法结构向浓缩型句法结构转化的过程,也体现了由汉民族思维方式向英民族思维方式转化的过程。这个过程完成得好,译文就符合英语语言的规范,这个过程完成得不好,译文就会汉化,妨碍了原文内容的确切表达。我们的学生动辄用动词写英语句子,而且多是小短句或简单的复合句,带有浓厚的汉语气息,主要是受汉语“动态”修辞的影响。因此在汉译英教学中,我们一定要引导学生用英语的“静态”修辞进行思维,克服汉语“动态”修辞的影响,为汉译英实践打下良好的基础。
参考文献
1、加拿大英语文学在中国的译介(1949—2009)——兼论社会文化对文学翻译的制约朱振武; 綦亮上海大学学报(社会科学版)
关于这方面研究的最新进展和相关的论文题目可以看下品学论文网的,我的硕士小论文就是求助品学论文的老师搞定的,真的是非常效率加专业,很快就给我了,论文的修改过程也很顺利,投稿到录用来回只用了一个多月,比起同学发表的文章来说真的是超级速度了。
Read a picture from the begining to the end drawing "the mysterious map " being originally a secret being concealing everywhere , being to draw this organic ingredient because of cover is still lining papers disregarding being a title page,before these local authors be that reader has presented many exquisite pictures. Only when guiding a child to read a picture from the begining to the end,ability discovers many minor detail being often ignored by reader. Read have known these detail, only make of that can have going a step further to the version make of. 1, guesses a story from cover. That no matter which book , cover all are that the first maps into the reader eye's, but let a child be in progress to the story before reading conjecturing is able to raise a child reading a desire intensely. Painting has "guess me having loving you much" one one two important young gods of the earth rabbit on this book cover , small rabbit seizes ear of big rabbit, as if in saying some what. The teacher can guide a child to read picture right away , guess their conversation content, the examination questions drawing forth a story thereby guesses me having loving you much. 2, misses and does not go over lining papers. Lining papers is a slip sheet between cover and the book core , painting also has a picture on many lining papers drawing capital , only, you may be sure not to believe they are patterns playing decoration role only but one turns over immediately but live with, in fact, draw this lining papers being closely linked with the text story not only , return the lifting subject back to a meeting sometimes. Permeate exaggerated fantasy of child originally "my father " in this humorous drawing,image having molded a father who lets person be overwhelmed with laughter: This father is having a piece of long nightclothes on the whole day , he is not afraid of a wolf, being able to skip over the moon in one try of springing , eating as many as horse , loafing about as nimble as fish, ... "My upper father's" lining papers pattern is a "my father " on one's body little part of that piece of palm fibre yellow nightclothes. "Earthworm's diary " lining papers goes so far as to all be an earthworm in what different period takes pictures but , have self the first heavens the class hour having a picture taken as a souvenir, Have self to prepare the family , group photo of the good friend , still have self have an exam school report card and the teacher comment, we take notes as if having seen growing up of small earthworm , have already been attracted stop by these lovable tableaux although not beginning to read a story. 3, title page that can tell a story. The title page is the first name being writing the title of a book and the author like one page , higher authority after lining papers , before book core. Not only the title page being only one fan door of story leading to text,not only being whom to inform you of is a story's, leading character in a novel , it may tell a story sometimes. This book has "guess me having loving you much" two title pages in fact , the first is a page be that one brings the colophon striding over along only second pages . Pay attention to, on the first title pages please,the author has drawn small one rabbit riding on on neck of big one rabbit. You are looked at, big rabbit at this time is a transfixion's, and big rabbit and head of small rabbit have sprained over, besides the eye like a pair of black spot is gazing at a book, besides being just a story you are asking you about seemingly: Have Hail Columbia , you been ready? Walk into the story lining that this is called "guess me having loving you much" quickly together with us! Should turn the page over, you are able to see three have been full of big dynamic small picture rabbit going be carrying small rabbit on the back have elevated hindleg , prepare to take off , suddenly askew superjacent leap up, ... This is that coherent taking off of one acts in fact this once jumps , two rabbit jumps right away to have arrived at text in the later li. Thereupon, we see small rabbit have seized long ear of big rabbit tightly , hear him asking about mother: "Guess me having loving you much"? This dynamic rich tableau locks reader's line of sight firmly , also difficult to want not to watch down. 希望能帮到你哦 :)
首先要说明是幼儿自己写 还是你站在幼儿的角度替幼儿去写如果是替幼儿写,你就要用催眠法 告诉自己:你就是一个幼儿,有幼儿的心态,幼儿的心思太过简单,没有大人的弯弯绕绕,想说什么就说什么。想表达什么就表达什么。非常直白。这么说你能明白吧?就是把自己在绘本中看到的写出来,大人可以提醒下,这个东西跟什么东西比较像?这叫指引法,让孩子更好的发挥自己的想象力。可以问问孩子看完绘本开心吗?他要说开心 就问他为什么开心,他要是说不出来,你就拿着绘本里的故事情节问他,大人一定要耐心,去发现孩子的心思,孩子的心虽然单纯 但是也非常敏感。要是你哪里不耐烦了。他也就不敢问了你,就会出现不懂装懂的现象,你问他什么他都会点头。希望能够帮到你
Read this picture painted a hidden secret everywhere "mysterious", because whether map page and cover or HuanChen, is the organic component in these places, authors have offered a lot for readers artwork. Only guide children from beginning to end, can find many reading picture is often neglected details readers. Read these details, the understanding of text will make further understanding. 1, from the cover story guess. Whatever book, cover is the first view in the eye, and readers to read stories to children before the children can arouse the reading desire. "Guess how much I love you" on the cover of the book is a picture, a XiaoLiang rabbit rabbit caught big rabbit ears, if what he is saying. Teachers can guide the children, guess what they look conversation topics, and the story -- guess how much I love you. 2 and HuanChen had not leak. HuanChen is cover and book a mounts, between the core of the many HuanChen also draw with pictures, but you can never thought they merely on adornment effect of the design and immediately after a while, in fact, not only with the text of the HuanChen story, sometimes enhancing themes. "My dad" in the book of humor, through the child exaggerated fantasy, shaping a laughter let a person's dad image: the daddy day and night, wearing a long pajama, he afraid Wolf, a jump over the moon, can eat like a horse, to swim like a fish flexible... "My dad is HuanChen design on the" my dad "that a small yellowish-brown pajamas locally. The earthworm's diary of HuanChen unexpectedly is earthworm in different periods, that picture is the first day of school oneself, have oneself and family photographs, good friends, and his exam scores and teachers' comments, we seem to see the small earthworms growth record, although not yet started reading stories, but has been these lovely pictures to attract.
英语绘本与小学英语教材有效结合的实践与研究
【论文摘要】 本文结合笔者的课堂教学, 探索如何将英语绘本与牛津小学内容有效结合, 使得学生们在学习中获得 愉悦感, 成就感, 体会到阅读带来的乐趣, 形成主动阅读的习惯, 通过阅读使学生们了解原汁原味的, 体验外国, 倾听不同的声音, 拓展视野, 从而提高学生的语言能力, 培养热爱英语的兴趣。 在多年的牛津小学英语教材的使用中, 教师们多采用 根据教材内容依据教材话题实施教学的形式, 大多数是就 教材教教材, 把教材中的语言点知识点教给学生。老师们 认真备课, 尽心设计教案, 学生们在老师的引导下比较好 地掌握了牛津小学英语教材中的内容。但笔者总觉得学生 们在学习英语的过程中缺少了点内容, 那就是在纯正的英 语背景下学习地道的英语, 了解外国文化, 倾听不同的声 音, 体验不一样的生活, 拓展视野, 开阔眼界。但小学生 学习的语言内容限制了他们自如地轻松地去体会这种语言 文化不同所带来的全新体验。这就要求作为小学一线教师 的我们开动脑筋, 开辟一道为学生们体验纯正语言的途径。 语言教学中的儿童能够搭建这个平台, 使学生能够通 过儿童文学的阅读增强对学习语言的浓厚兴趣, 同时使学 生们了解外国文化生活, 了解世界。选用什么样的语言文 学能够符合小学生的知识水平和认知水平呢? 那就是绘本, 也就是图画书即picture(book。 一、 英语绘本的概念 什么是绘本呢? 就是以图文并茂的形式, 反映儿童生 活为主的儿童图书。书中的图与文有同等的重要性, 有时 候甚至图画的重要性还比文字要来得高。绘本的主要特色 就是提供读者在视觉方面的真实的唯美的感觉经验。绘本 的内容常具有简单的故事情节, 有时候也会集中呈现某种 简单的意义和结构。就英语绘本来说, 押韵或是反复句型 的形式是最常出现在其中的。这两种行文方式最能让学习 英语的小学生, 尤其是低年龄段的学生察觉和掌握英 语文 字。教师可以通过许多技巧的运用, 通过对绘本的形象讲 解, 让学生主动地参与听故事, 读绘本和说故事。在教学 设计中加入“读绘本说故事” 活动的其中一个主要目的是, 让学生感受教师在读绘本说故事时候的投入与专注的神情, 学生会了解到阅读本身也是一种很有趣, 很有价值的活动。 如此一来, 学生也会变得愿意读书, 养成爱阅读的好习惯 同时也愿意与人分享他们自己创作的绘本故事和融入故事 当中的真实生活经验。 二、 怎样与牛津英语课本有效结合 无论语言学习者年龄的大小, 课本的局限性和沉闷单 一的课堂教学总会令人乏味, 尤其是低龄段的儿童, 看看 有趣的图画书, 听听老师说一说其中的故事, 感受着图画 书中故事情节, 欣赏着唯美的图片, 这是无比愉快惬意的 事情。但是学生们必须经过一定的学习训练才能理解欣赏 图画书中所承载的文化与内容。教师在平时的教学中有课 本所要求的教学任务需要完成, 绘本教学不可能也不能够 作为独立的一门课程向全体学生教授。这样无形中会成为 学生的负担, 加重学生的学业任务, 使得两极分化更加严 重。因此就要求教师把他当成教学过程中的一个部分, 与 教材中的话题, 故事或阅读教学结合起来学习, 这样教师 教得愉快, 学生学得轻松。那么怎样与牛津教材有效的结 合呢? 综合笔者的教学实践, 以下方法, 期待与同仁 共同研究探讨。 英语绘本的选择是非常重要, 教师首先要了解英语牛 津版教材的体系, 把1-6 年级分成三个年段, 1-2 为低年 段, 低年段英语绘本的选择要依据低年级儿童的生理 特点选择一些颜色鲜艳, 画面有趣, 内容浅显且文字简单 押运的儿童英语绘本; 3-4 年级为中年段, 有一定的英语 听说基础的学生, 选择的绘本还是依据低年段的选择原 则, 只是在绘本的长度和语言的深度上可以根据学生情况 适当加以深化; 5-6 年级是高年段学生, 选择绘本可在中 低年段的基础上增强绘本的故事性, 留有学生思考想象的 空间。 总之, 小学阶段是学生们接触英语的基础阶段, 一切 都要以学生的已有知识经验为基础, 选择图文并茂, 生动 活泼, 能够让他们产生兴趣的绘本。选择绘本的原则 确定下来以后, 就要求教师们通过各种渠道。如网络下载, 查阅以及定期去新华书店查看购买甚或是通过各种 各样的形式了解国文教材, 大量阅读原版绘本资料, 从中找寻适合自己学生的绘本材料并收集起来。这是一个 非常艰难的过程, 但只要有积累有实践就一定会有收获。 例如, 我们通过网络了解到的加州 语文 一年级的教材就有 原版的绘本, 通过阅读其中的treasure 中关于语音方面的内 容如‘Pam: and:Sam’ ,‘Mad, sad, glad’ 等可以用作中低 年级的英语绘本材料,‘Brown: bear, brown: bear, what: do: you: see’ 等故事比较强, 有一定的情节, 图片比较有趣。 生动的绘本可用作有一定英语基础的中年段学生的绘本材 料, 其中关于动物, 颜色, 服装等相关内容正是我们三四 年级学生学习的重点内容, 通过网络下载的绘本Olivia 和 Joseph(had( a( little( overcoat 可以作为高年段的英语绘本材料, 他不仅图片颜色鲜艳, 而且绘画内容生动活泼, 十分的诙 谐可爱。是学生拿起就放不下来的书籍, 学生们比较感兴 趣, 最重要的是他与高年段学习的主题内容密切相关, 这 些内容都可以有机的与牛津英语教材连接起来。 三、 如何与牛津教材内容有效结合 选择好绘本后再依据其绘本内容应用到牛津英语教学 当中, 笔者根据教学实践可分为以下几种方式。 1.融英语绘本于教学环节中 在选择好合适的绘本后我们可以把它用在课时教学的 各环节当中, 如导入环节, 操练环节等, 如绘本play with me 是一本比较相对独立的绘本, 每一幅图都有一个情 景, 每幅图都与主题play with me 相关联。这样的绘本可以根据其内容与牛津英语教材中相关的内容联系起来用在教 学的部分环节当中, 如笔者在教授5A 的第三个单元Atamusiclesson 时的Warmingup 环节中就是根据教学内容用 PPT 的形式加入了英语绘本, 让学生在美丽的图画面前产生说英语的欲望, 让他们在优美的意境中展开想象的翅膀,自由快乐地飞翔并为新授课铺垫过渡。在蓝色底色的印衬 下一个开心的男孩带着他的小狗在天空中“飞翔, 跳跃”。 绘本的原文并没有立即给学生呈现, 目的是让同学们打开 想象的翅膀, 自由飞翔。此时学生们已按 捺 不住, 纷纷举 起手来。诸如:“Thisis , .”“. …”“, too.” 我很 高兴地听到同学们把以往所学的用在了今天的看图说 话里面, 同时又与本单元所学的话题“Whatcanyoudo? Canyou …?” 密切相关, 在看绘本说绘本的'同时又紧密地 与牛津教学内容联系起来, 他们的思维在快速的搜索着, 思考着, 在美丽的画面中, 在知识的海洋里同学们寻找着。 接着我把绘本原文呈现给学生, 让他们欣赏学习简单优美 的原文, 发现自己是多么的不“简单”。一句句漂亮而又简 单纯正的语言被孩子们说出, 我心中热血沸腾, 喜悦之情 溢于言表, 感叹如果每节课孩子们的思维都能像这样打开 那是多么惬意的事情呀。因此教师在中恰当的利 用英语绘本达到了激发和培养学生的创新能力, 想象能力 以及语言能力的作用。爱因斯坦曾经说过:“想象力比知识 更重要, 因为知识是有限的, 而想象力概括了世界上的一 切。推动着进步, 并且是知识进化的源泉。” 利用绘本在课堂教学环节当中的有效运用使学生们在想象的空间中遨游, 启发了他们使用语言的动力。
2. 融英语绘本于各单元话题复习中 在牛津英语教学当中每一个单元都有一个话题, 老师 们可以根据每个话题或主题的相关内容去寻找适合的英语 绘本, 用在每一单元或期中期末的复习课上, 这样学生虽 然看到的阅读是新鲜的内容, 但也能够见到课本中学过的 单词和句子, 能够看得懂绘本, 能够欣赏其美妙之处, 学 生有一种强烈的成就感, 同时用阅读绘本的方式使语言不 断复现, 比花很多时间讲解语言知识点要更加有效。如笔 者在五年级下学期结束复习阶段时就选用了美国插图画家 IanFalconer 的作品。“Olivia” Olivia 是美国家喻户晓的绘 本丛书, Olivia 是绘本的主人翁, 他是一头可爱的小猪, 非 常的调皮, 可爱, 会唱歌, 会涂鸦, 经常使他们的父母精 疲力竭, 是一头非常有创造力的小猪, 作者的创作源泉来 自于他姐妹一家, 他的侄女儿Olivia 从早到晚精力充沛, 经常让她的父母筋疲力尽, 就像绘本中的Olivia 一样。选择其中一本Olivia 来作为五年级下学期期末的绘本有以下几 个原因, 原因一这只小猪活泼可爱, 学生们比较喜爱; 原 因二五年级下学期包含了busy day 和hobbies 等话题, 而绘 本Olivia 中的主人翁Olivia 的个性和爱好正好与这两个话题吻合, 在绘本教学中与牛津教材结合, 使学生们在阅读绘 本的同时与牛津教材所学内容结合起来, 在绘本的情境中 表演, 表演的内容又与牛津所学内容息息相关, 在演中复 习, 在学中唱, 在故事情节中回味, 不至于感到陌生, 有效地把绘本内容和牛津教材合理地结合起来; 原因三是其 中的绘本语言运用了第三人称单数表述, 这正是五年级下 学期的语言重点, 与教材的语言点有所结合。 总之图画的美丽给孩子们带来了美丽的享受, 富于孩 子们想象的空间, 原汁原味语言的押韵, 简练诙谐给同学 们带来了般的享受, 给予孩子们丰富的语言经验, 文 字与图片的美妙结合使孩子们体会到了不一样的, 见 识了五彩的世界。因此作为教师的我们不仅要加入到阅读 绘本的行列, 还要采取多种方法使学生和我们一起阅读, 一起欣赏, 一起分享, 在教学相长的中和学生们一起 成长。在纯正的语言世界里使用语言, 探索语言世界的奥 秘, 在美妙的语言境界中遨游, 拓展视野, 开阔眼界。 【参考文献】 [1] 陈则航, 罗少茜, 王蔷. 语言教学中的儿童 [J]. 教学研究, 2010.
论文相关查阅: 毕业论文范文 、 计算机毕业论文 、 毕业论文格式 、 行政管理论文 、 毕业论文
根据所做的课题决定。走进绘本主题来源是根据所做的课题决定的,学生根据老师的指导,老师给学生提供研究课题,然后学生做这个课题,最后做出成果。
日语专业本科毕业论文撰写规范
本科毕业论文(设计)是本科教学计划中的重要实践教学环节,是培养学生综合运用所学基础知识和基本技能进行科学研究工作的初步训练,是培养和提高学生分析问题和解决问题能力,实现教学、科学研究和生产实践相结合的重要途径,是本科学生毕业和授予学士学位的必要条件。
一、论文构成
毕业论文包括前置部分、主体部分、附录部分。
前置部分:
封面(表纸)
版权声明(著作 権 声明)
中文摘要(中国语要旨)
日文摘要(日本语要旨)
目录(目次)
主体部分:
引言(はじめに)
正文(本文)
结论(おわりに)
注释(必要时)(注 釈 、必要とする场合)
参考文献(参考文献)
致谢(谢辞)
附录部分:附录(必要时)(付録、必要とする场合)
二、内容要求
(一)论文选题
日语专业毕业论文选题涵盖日语语言、文学、文化、翻译四个方面。学生在老师的指导下确定论文题目。选题不宜过宽,一般选择本学科某一方向重要问题的一个侧面或一个难点;选题应避免过小、过旧和过长。题目应该简短、明确、有概括性。字数要适当,一般不宜超过20个词。必要时可加副标题。
(二)摘要与关键词
1、论文摘要
摘要是论文内容的简要陈述,是一篇完整的、可以独立使用的短文,因而必须具有独立性和自含性,即:读者即使不阅读论文的全文也可以从摘要中获得必要的、与论文等量的信息,以判断有无必要阅读全文。摘要应概括反映出毕业论文的研究目的、内容、方法、成果和结论。摘要中不宜使用公式、图表,不标注引用文献编号。中文摘要以250字左右、日文摘要以300个字左右为宜。撰写摘要时应注意以下几点:
⑴用精炼、概括的语言来表达,每项内容不宜展开论证或说明;
⑵要客观陈述,不宜加主观评价;
⑶成果和结论性字句是摘要的重点,在文字论述上要多些,以加深读者的印象;
⑷要独立成文,选词用语要避免与全文尤其是前言和结论部分雷同;
⑸既要写得简短扼要,又要生动,在词语润色、表达方法和章法结构上要尽可能写得有文采,以唤起读者对全文阅读的兴趣。
2、关键词
关键词是供检索用的主题词条,应采用能覆盖论文主要内容的词条(单词或术语)。关键词一般为3~5个,按词条的外延层次排列(一般外延大的排在前面)。中日文关键词要对应。
(三)目录
目录一般按1————三级标题编写,要求标题层次清晰,逻辑性强。目录中的标题要与正文中标题一致。目录中应包括中文摘要、日文摘要、引言、论文主体、结论、注释(必要时)、参考文献、致谢、附录(必要时)等。
(四)正文
正文是毕业论文的主体和核心部分,一般应包括引言、论文主体及结论等部分。正文必须实事求是,客观真切,准确完备,合乎逻辑,层次分明,简练可读。
1、引言
引言一般作为第一章,是毕业论文主体的开端。引言应包括:毕业论文的背景及目的;国内外文献综述;设计和研究方法;设计过程及研究内容等。
2、主体
主体是毕业论文的主要部分,应该结构合理、层次清晰、重点突出、文字简练、文字通顺。主体的内容应包括以下各方面:
(1) 毕业论文要分析和解决的问题及观点。
(2) 对所研究问题的论述及系统分析,比较研究,方案设计,案例论证或实证分析,问题建议或改进措施等。
3、结论
结论是毕业论文的总结,是整篇论文的归纳。要求精炼、准确地阐述自己的创造性工作或新的见解及其意义和作用,还可进一步提出需要讨论的问题和建议。撰写时应注意以下几点:
⑴结论要简洁、明确,措辞应严密,易懂;
⑵结论应反映论文作者自己所做的研究工作及所提出的观点,不要再重复属于他人已有过的结论;
⑶描述自己的研究成果时应实事求是,切忌言过其实,在无充分把握时应留有余地。
(五)注释
注释是对论著中某一特定内容的进一步解释或说明性文字。毕业论文中有需要解释或附加说明时,统一采用尾注(即将全部注文集中在文章末尾)。在正文中需详细注释处的右上方按顺序加注数码[1][2]…的上标形式,如 「言语は社会的な产物である」[1]. 在正文之后,参考文献之前加注释页(Notes),每条注释的详细信息按论文中出现的先后顺序加对应数码。注释的书写格式与参考文献相同。
(六)参考文献
参考文献是作者写作论著时直接引用的观点、数据和材料等内容的出处。参考文献反映了毕业论文 (设计)的科学依据和所依据材料的广博程度、可靠程度,反映作者尊重他人研究成果的严肃态度,并向读者提供有关信息的出处,是毕业论文 (设计)不可缺少的组成部分。参考文献列出的,一般应限于作者直接阅读过的、毕业论文 (设计)利用的、发表在正式出版物上的文献。一般用方括号标注,按作者(著者)姓氏首字母顺序集中排列于文末。毕业论文的撰写要求至少8篇直接相关的主要参考文献,原则上要求有外文参考文献,外文文献排序在前,汉 语文 献在后。应本着严谨求实的科学态度,凡有引用他人成果之处,均应列入参考文献中。并且只应列出正文中直接引用或参考的有关著作和论文。一篇论著在论文中多处引用时,在参考文献中只应出现一次。
(七)致谢
致谢是对导师和给予指导或协助完成研究工作的组织和个人表示感谢(与论文工作无直接关系的人不宜列入)。文字要简洁,实事求是,忌浮夸、庸俗和雷同。
(八)附录
对于一些不宜放入正文中、但作为毕业论文不可缺少的部分,或有重要参考价值的内容,可编入毕业论文的附录中。例如,问卷、实验数据、图表及其说明等。
三、书写规范与打印要求
(一)文字和字数
1、 日语教学的创造性思维与实践 摘 要:随着越来越多日资企业在中国的出现,综合性大学纷纷试办日语类专业,大批的学生加入了日语学习的行列。面对日语教学热的出现,各校对日语教育人才培养目标和教学内容上也在不断做出调整和创新,慢慢地向着既... 类别:学术论文 大小:92 KB 日期:2007-11-13 2、 日语外来语形成原因初探 摘 要:以日语外来语为研究对象,叙述了日本外来语的形成,分析了现代日本社会生活中外来语不断增加的原囱及存在的问题,并对其现状与发展做一简要介绍。关键词:日语外来语历史发展 类别:学术论文 大小:130 KB 日期:2007-11-13 3、 日语终助词语言与文化的关联浅析 摘 要:日语终助词对于非母语国家的学习者而言是非常难以理解和正确灵活应用的一个领域。笔者通过对终助词もの的语法意义进行梳理归纳,意欲探讨隐藏于语言现象之下的文化心理内涵。关键词:义理人情跨文化交际 类别:学术论文 大小:203 KB 日期:2007-11-13 4、 论日语谚语中的中国文化因素 摘 要:本文以日本当今最具有权威性的《故事·俗信谚语大辞典》(昭和58年小学馆)为依据,收集实例,考察了在日本产生的日语谚语,分析了其中所包含的中国文化因素。通过分析所收集的和中国文化有关的日语谚语,... 类别:学术论文 大小:312 KB 日期:2007-11-13 5、 日语中汉语缩略语的形式与汉语缩略语相比 摘 要:对于学习和研究日语的人而言,汉语中的缩略语不论是读音还是书写都很方便。但是随着时代的变迁,现行中日缩略语在形体上已存在很大差异。对日语中部分缩略语形式进行分类排列,揭示出日语的“略语”与汉语的... 类别:学术论文 大小:138 KB 日期:2007-11-13 还有很多,自己多找找吧!参考资料:
日语专业本科大学生毕业论文书写格式要求
毕业论文的论文书写格式是如何的呢?下文是我收集的日语专业本科大学生毕业论文的书写格式要求,欢迎大家阅读!
一. 论文的组成
1. 论文封面指学院下发的硬封面,装订论文时向相关老师领取。
2. 学位论文作者声明(优秀毕业论文作此声明)为中文,见附件一。
3. 开题报告,例文见附件二。用日语书写(一份表格,请查看附件三;一份文字开题报告)。
开题报告(全篇除了参看文献中的中文参考书目用宋体外,其余全用MS Mincho字体):
标题(论文作成开始报告书),三号字,加粗,居中。
空一行,左对齐,専攻、学生番号、氏名、指导教师及冒号用小四号字体,加粗,相应内容用小四号字体。
接下来空一行进入开题报告正文,必须包括以下几项:テーマとその由来、テーマを选んだ理由と研究意义、国内外研究现状、研究内容及び実行可能性分析、研究方法及び内容、スケジュール、参考文献。以上项目用MS Mincho字体、小四号字、加粗。相应内容用小四号、宋体。具体格式请参看附件二。
4. 任务书。见附件四。
5. 论文指导记录表,见附件四。由学生填写,论文指导教师签名(至少9次)。
6. 论文内封面:论文内封面统一用日文书写,最上面为襄樊学院校徽。包括论文题目(正标题 明朝MS Mincho,三号,居中,加粗,20字以内;有副标题的,置于第二行,明朝MS Mincho,小三号,居中,加粗);专业(専攻)、学号(学生番号)、姓名(氏名)、指导教师(指导教师)、论文定稿时间(统一为2010年5月,明朝MS Mincho,小四号,居中,加粗)。
7. 论文前五页包括第一页:署名;第二页:要旨(须在300字左右)、キーワード;第三页摘要(须在300字左右)、关键词;第四页:谢辞;第五页:目次。前五页页码用Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ等标注在右下角。
①署名:用日文书写(标题:明朝MS Mincho,四号,加粗,居中。下一行,署名内容:明朝MS Mincho,小四,段首空一格)
②要旨、キーワード:
段首空一格,要旨和冒号(加粗),五号字。紧接着为要旨内容,五号字。
下一行,段首空一格,キーワード和冒号,明朝MS Mincho,五号字。キーワード应在五个左右,キーワード与キーワード之间用分号隔开,最后一个キーワード后无标点。
③摘要、关键词:
段首空两格,摘要和冒号(加粗),五号字。紧接着为摘要内容,五号字。
下一行,段首空一格,关键词和冒号(加粗),五号字。紧接着为关键词,应在五个左右,关键词的词与词之间用分号隔开,最后一个关键词后无标点。
④致谢用“谢辞”表示,致谢内容用日文书写(标题:明朝MS Mincho,四号,加粗,居中;下一行,谢辞内容:明朝MS Mincho,小四。段首空一格)
⑤目录:目录用日文还是中文应与论文正文主体保持一致。日文名称:目次。目次(明朝MS Mincho,四号,加粗,居中);空一行进入目录内容(明朝MS Mincho,小四)。中文名称:目录(宋体,四号,加粗,居中);空一行;目录内容(宋体,小四)。
目录(目次)中序号,一级序号为1、2、3、4等。二级序号为、、等,三级序号为、、等,依次类推。
8. 正文:(包括脚注和参考文献)用日文书写。
二. 正文书写
1. 字数:7000~10000字。
2. 使用语言:日语。
3. 正文开始部分:
论文标题,明朝(MS Mincho)字体,四号字加粗,居中。接下来为:専门、学生番号、氏名、指导教师,明朝(MS Mincho)字体,五号字加粗,左对齐,相应填写内容为明朝(MS Mincho)字体,五号字。
空一行,另起一段,段首空一格,要旨和冒号(MS Mincho字体,五号字,加粗),要旨内容(日语,MS Mincho字体,五号字)。
另起一行,キーワード,冒号(MS Mincho字体,五号字,加粗),キーワード内容(日文,MS Mincho字体,五号字)。キーワード之间用分号隔开,最后一个无标点。
空一行,另起一段,段首空两格,摘要和冒号(宋体,五号字,加粗),摘要内容(宋体,五号字)。
另起一行,段首空两格,关键词和冒号(宋体,五号字,加粗),关键词内容(宋体,五号字),关键词之间用分号,最后一个无标点。
4. 另起一页进入绪论(はじめに)。
使用字体:
用明朝(MS Mincho)字体。各章一级标题用四号,加粗。各章小标题用小四号,加粗。正文内容用小四号。正文不得使用斜体和字体着色。
份数:定稿后打印两份交至指导老师处。
5. 用纸:毕业论文撰写须选用A4纸,并打印成文。
6. 页面设置:
⑴页面设置按默认格式 (上、下:; 左、右:),左装订,三个钉。
⑵行距:倍行距。
7. 正文部分页眉需设定“襄樊学院外国语学院日语专业本科毕业论文”字样,小五号宋体,右对齐。非正文部分不需加页眉。
8. 页码:
正文页码在底端右侧,用阿拉伯数字表示,即:… 。
9. 图表:图表必须注名序号和名称,如 图1, 《2000至2005年日本进口贸易额增长明细》, 引用他人图标必须注明出处。
三. 正文各部分撰写要求
1. 绪论(はじめに):是论文的开头部分,前言要写得简明扼要,篇幅不要太长。
2. 论文主体(本论):是论文的主要部分,在本部分要运用各方面的信息资料和研究方法,分析问题,论证观点,尽量反映出自己的科研能力和学术水平。
3. 结论(おわり):是毕业论文的收尾部分,是围绕本论所作的结束语。其基本的要点就是总结全文,加深题意。
4. 注释(注釈):毕业论文中有个别名词或引用情况需要解释时,可加注说明,注释用页脚注(将注文放在加注页稿纸的下端,如下例所示)。若在同一页中有两个以上的注释时,按各注释出现的先后,按序排列,注释只限于写在注释符号出现的同页,不得隔页。
文中序号用右上标的①、②、③等。
注:(加粗,日文用MS Mincho,五号,左对齐,中文用宋体,五号,左对齐)
①「考える」の(知力を働かせる)という意味特徴は、长嶋(1979)の记述を受け継ぐものである。
②松木(1995)と砂川(1987)を参照。
③田中角栄:政治家、1947年代议士となり、72~74年首相・自民党総裁。中日国交正常化を実现。政策として打ち出した「日本列岛改造论」は狂言物価を招き、ロッキード事件で実刑判决を受ける。
④赵慧.从生态批评看浪漫主义文学中自然科技关系[J].聊城大学学报,2007,(2).
⑤袁宪军.华兹华斯的《水仙》与诗歌语言[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2006, (2).
⑥马玉凤.华兹华斯浪漫主义自然观解读[J].辽宁大学学报(哲学社会科学版),
(3).
⑦王颖.华兹华斯诗歌的现代阐述[J].重庆工学院学报(社会科技报),(8).
⑧刘启君.浪漫派诗歌——情的兴发,意的表达[J].双语学习,: 21-23.
5. 文献格式规范:
参考文献另起一页,用五号字,排序先日文后中文。具体要求请参看附件五。
四. 其他
1. 术语和标点符号要合乎日文的规范。
2. 如果文中夹杂中文, 字体使用宋体, 字号同前后文的日文。
3. 例句图标的序码要用阿拉伯数字,阿拉伯数字一律使用半角,序码采用当页单独排序的方式。比如第一页的脚注为①②③,第二页也要重新从①开始。
4. 正文中的注释序码为右上标的“①②③”,相关文中的序码使用①②③……
5. 标题体系
毕业论文的全部标题层次应有条不紊,整齐清晰,相同的层次应采用统一的表示体例,正文中各级标题下的内容应同各自的标题对应,不应有与标题无关的内容。章节编号方法应采用分级阿拉伯数安编号方法,第一级为“1”、“2”、“3”、等,第二级为“”、“”、“”等,第三级为“”、“”、“”等,但分级阿拉伯数字的.编号一般不超过四级,两级之间用下角圆点隔开,除第一级外,其余各级的末尾不加标点。各层标题均单独占行书写,第一级和第二级标题序数顶格书写,空一格接写标题,第三级和第四级标题均顶格书写序数和标题。第四级以下单独占行的标题须序采用.…和. …两层,标题均空一格书写序数和标题。正文中对总项包括的分项采用1)、2)、3)…的序号,对分项中的小项采用①、②、③…的序号,数字加半括号或括号后,不再加其他标点。
6. 如遇未规定的其他格式问题请和指导教师探讨商定,尽量保持页面整洁美观
学位论文一般应包括下述几部分:
论文首页格式:
其中学位论文题目用 黑体二号 字,其余用 宋体四号 字
论文题目应能概括整个论文最重要的内容,简明、恰当,一般不超过25个字。
中文摘要及其关键词(宋体5号字b5排版):
4论文第二页为500字左右的中文内容摘要,应说明本论文的目的、研究方法、成果和结论。
学位论文摘要是学位论文的缩影,尽可能保留原论文的基本信息,突出论文的创造性成果和
新见解。论文摘要应尽量深入浅出,通俗易懂,少用公式字母,语言力求精炼、准确。
4 在本页的最下方另起一行,注明本文的关键词3╠5个。
英文摘要及其关键词(宋体5号字b5排版):
论文第三页为英文摘要,内容与中文摘要和关键词相同。
学校名称:东北师范大学
院(系)名称:计算机系
本科生学号:
学 位 论 文 题 目
学 科、专 业: 计算机科学技术
本科生姓名: _____ _
指导教师姓名: _________
指导教师职称: ___________
百度文库有的是啊!一般来说下载之后用自己的话改一下就OK~祝你好运吧~