翻译报告毕业论文开题报告

翻译硕士怎么写开题报告

开题报告主要说明这个课题应该进行研究，自己有条件进行研究以及准备如何开展研究等问题，也可以说是对课题的论证和设计。开题报告是提高选题质量和水平的重要环节。以下是我整理的翻译硕士怎么写开题报告，欢迎阅读。

1、选题意义和背景。

随着中国加入世界贸易组织，中国企业的对外联系也日益增多。中国企业要想打入国际市场，提高在国际市场上的知名度，企业网站或宣传册上的企业简介扮演着十分重要的地位。通过阅读企业宣传资料，读者可以看出企业外宣材料既有关于企业的基本信息介绍，也有企业所做的文字上、句法上、结构上的这染来达到推广企业、大市场的目的。汉语企业外宣材料的翻译在英译过程中会涉及到与目的语不同的语言习惯、行文方式以及文化因素、社会政治因素、心理因素和审美因素等，这就需要译者对原文本做出适当调整，从内容和形式上对语篇进行重构，以此实现对交际意图的顺应。根据赖斯的文本类型说，本文有三种类型，分别是“信息型”、“表达型”和“诱导型”.笔者认为，企业外宣翻译属于“信息型”和“诱导型”文本兼而有之，而且更侧重于“诱导型”.因此，外宣翻译要更加注重文本的交际功能，要更多的考虑如何使译文所传递的信息更便于目的语读者理解和接受，并让读者产生共鸣，继而付诸行动，实现译文预期的功能。

比利时语用学家维索尔伦（Verschuem）提出了顺应论，将语言的使用过程看做语言为顺应不同的交际目的和交际对象进行动态选择的过程。因而可以从顺应论的视角研究语言使用。翻译作为一种特殊的交际方式，也可以从顺应论的视角对其进行研究。优秀的企业宣传材料不仅会提高企业的知名度，还会为企业带来不可估量的经济效益，因此任何一个想打入国际市场的企业务必在其外宣材料的翻译上做足功夫。由于中西方文化背景、历史渊源、生活环境的不同，译者在翻译企业外宣材料时为了获取目的语读者的认可并激发他们付诸行动，就要顺应目的语读者的阅读习惯、审美习惯以及心理因素、文化因素等对原文做出形式上和内容上的调整，而这一顺应的过程也是语篇重构的过程。本文突破性的将顺应论与语篇重构结合起来，并结合西麦克展览公司宣传材料和海天调味食品股份有限公司宣传材料及其翻译，试图从顺应论的视角分析企业外宣翻译中的语篇重构现象。

2、论文综述/研究基础。

1987年维索尔伦（Verschueren）提出顺应论之后，在语用学界引起了很大反响，不久国内学者就将其引进到中国来。国内学者不仅从理论层面对顺应论进行研究和探索，而且将顺应论应用到翻译理论和实践、外语教学、二语习得、文化传播等领域。在这些领域中，成果最大的当属顺应论对翻译理论和其应用的研究。我国真正将顺应论引入翻译研究开始于21世纪初。

1 国外顺应论研究状况。

比利时语用学家维索尔伦（Verschueren）在《IprA工作文集》（IprA WorkingDocument 1）（1987, 45-48）中发表了一篇名为《作为顺应论的语用学》，标志着顺应论的提出。1995年，他较为详细并系统地在他主编出版的第一本《语用学手册》（handbook of Pragmatics）中对顺应论进行了进一步阐述。他认为，语言的使用过程就是语言为顺应不同的交际目的和交际对象进行动态地选择的过程。他将语用学描述为关于语言整体的、功能性综观，并将语用学定义为语言和交际在认知、社会与文化方面的研究。1998年，阿萨卡瑟（AsaKasher）主编的《语用学的关键概念》Pragmatics;: Critical Concepts）论文集中，维索尔伦发表了一篇名为《交际动态过程的语用模式》（v4 Pragmatic model for the dynamatics of communication ）的文章，主要研究了顺应论中顺应的动态性。1999年，在他的专着《语用学新解》（Understaning Pragmatics）中，维索尔伦强调了语用学的地位和作用，这本书的出现标志着顺应论走向成熟。该书主张把语用学当作一种研究视角，突破了以往学者将语用学看作语言学的一个核心分支（语音学、音位学、形态学、句法学、语义学）的看法，而认为语用学是一种语言功能的视角或纵观，贯穿于语言学研究和使用的方方面面，可以照应到语言的各个层次。运用这一视角，可以研究不同的语言材料。这是一种研究方法上的革命，可以为语言的不同层面进行语用分析，也为语用学的学科性质进行了重新定位。

2 国内顺应论研究状况。

钱冠连是国内第一位将顺应论引入中国进行研究的学者。在他发表在《外语教学与研究》上的《语用学：语言适应理论----Verschueren语用学新论评述》（1991,62-66）的文章中，将维索尔伦对语言适应包括五个方面，即适应的对象、层次、阶段、领悟程度和适应策略进行了分析，并且就语言适应、选择和语言功能综观三者的关系进行了探讨，认真分析对比了维索尔伦的语用学新论和以往的语用学的区别。他还在《外语教学与研究》上发表了一篇《语用学：统一连贯的理论框架〈如何理解语用学〉述评》（2000,230-232），该文章首先解释了语用学综观论的理论源头。维索尔伦从Morris的理论中得出了任何规则里都有语用成分，也能从不同的语言成分中审视到语用视角。其建设性意义体现在将语用学从语言学的并列学科出分割出来，使其不再属于语言资源的语言学，而是加入到语言使用的语言学去，作为是一种语言综观和视角来研究和使用，这不仅仅可以解决语用学问题，还为今后人们从语用学角度解释其他问题提供了一种新的视角。

国内除钱冠连外，2007年何自然主编的《语用三论：关联论顺应论模因论》一书也对维索尔伦的顺应论进行了详细介绍和评述。和以往语言学及语用学着作不同的是，该书紧紧把握住语用学研究与发展的方向，集语用学的三个前沿理论（关联论、顺应论、模因论）为一体来向国内读者进行西方翻译理论的介绍。

关于顺应论的部分，该书介绍了顺应论的理论来源、顺应论的三个核心概念、顺应论的视角观、顺应论的分析维度、顺应论的应用等。本书中理论与实例有效结合，为读者展现了顺应论的完整框架及其应用。该书指出，顺应论是宏观语用学的核心，顺应论为我们提供了一个研究和探讨语用学的全新视角。谭晓晨发表在《外语与外语教学》上的《语境的动态研究一--维索尔伦的语境适应论评介》（2000, 50-52）中介绍了维索尔伦的语境适应论，探讨了语言和语境互为构建的动态关系，指出动态生成的语境观是对传统语境研究及时而必要的补充。孙炬发表在《山东大学学报》上的《维索尔伦顺应论的语言哲学观》（2007,51-55）从语言哲学的立场阐释了维索尔伦的顺应论。语言的使用是哲学立场的反映，纵观维索尔伦的语用思想，折射出体现在意义观、心理认知观和语境观三个方面的语言哲学。此外，刘正光、吴志高从哲学、心理学以及语言学的角度论述了顺应论的理论基础，除了对语言顺应论做出肯定，他们还指出“将‘顺应’看成一把万能的朗匙，以解释所有的语言运用，有运用过度之嫌”（李元胜，2007:124）。

中国学者不仅专门对顺应论进行研究，还将其与其他理论结合或者将顺应论应用到不同的领域。在利用顺应论对其他问题进行研究的过程中，顺应论对翻译的研究占据多数。

从理论研究的角度来看，有的学者侧重于顺应论对翻译理论研究的启示，戈玲玲在发表在《外语学刊》上的《顺应论对翻译研究的启示----兼论语用翻译标准》（2000,7-11） -文中，为我们展现了语用翻译理论的发展历程，它超越了以往语言学研究的框架，将翻译看作是一种动态的信息交流活动。文章还指出，根据顺应论，语言和语境之间的顺应是一个相互的过程，两者可以相互影响，同样，翻译作为语言转换的过程，也会涉及到原语和目的语之间的相互顺应，这种顺应应该以满了交际双方的需要为目的，对交际语境、语言的选择和语言结构做出改变。

有的学者从顺应论的角度分析翻译策略和方法，王建国发表于《外语研究》上的《从语用顺应论的角度看翻译策略与方法》（2005,55-59） -文中，针对国内外翻译界对翻译方法和翻译策略的争论，他指出直译、意译、归化、异化只是翻译方法，而不是翻译策略，动态顺应才是翻译策略。同时，他还指出翻译的过程和结果是动态顺应的过程和结果。

顺应论在与翻译结合的过程中，学者们除了从翻译理论研究的角度分析和阐释顺应论对翻译研究的意义外，还将顺应论应用到具体的翻译实践中去，比如文学作品译作分析、应用文本译作分析，同时还有学者将顺应论与语用策略研究、外语教学研究、跨文化交际等方面联系起来。

叶苗在其着作《应用翻译语用观》COn Pragmatics Translation from theperspective of Pragmatics）中，首先对应用翻译进行了定位，然后从语用学的角度研究应用翻译。同时她主张以顺应论为基础来讨论和解释异化，并以《选美中国》为例，结合应用翻译中“异化”和“归化”之争，提出了在对具有中国文化特色的应用文本翻译时，译者可以采取异化策略，担负起传播中国文化的使命，扩大目的语读者的'文化语境、认知语境，激发他们对中国文化和传统的兴趣和探索，增强我国软实力。

纵观国内顺应论的研究现状以及顺应论与翻译结合的研究现状，可以看出在顺应论对翻译的结合方面，研究者几乎都是从文学翻译、应用文翻译的角度进行研究，而且很多研究还是局限于维索尔伦顺应论的推介和重申，缺乏创新点，并且对理论的适用范围没有做出明确规定，导致了顺应论在很多领域的误用和滥用。

3、参考文献。

Reiss, Katharina. Translation Criticism, The Potential &上海外语教育出版社，2004.

Verschueren, Jef. Understanding Pragmatics. Beijing: Foreign LanguageTeaching and Research Press. 2000.

戈玲玲。《顺应论对翻译研究的启示--兼论语用翻译标准》[J].黑龙江，外语学刊。2002 （3） :7-11.

公海燕《顺应论视角下广告翻译研究》。2012.

何自然。Pragmatics and CE/EC Translation [J].北京‘外语教学。1992 （1） ; 19-25.

何自然。《语用三论：关联论顺应论模因论》M.上海，上海教育出版社。2007.

何自然，冉永平。《语用学概论》[M].长沙，湖南教育出版社。2002.

胡芳毅，贾占波。《外宣翻译：意识形态操纵下的改写》[J] ?上海，上海翻译。2010⑴：23-28.

蒋澄生，廖定中。《语用学需要“顺应”潮流--顺应论的几个关键概念述评》[J].广州，广东工业大学学报。2005 （1） : 68-71.

贾文波。《应用翻译功能论（第二版）》[M].北京，中国出版集团公司。2012.

李明。《商务英语翻译（汉译英）》[M]?北京，高等教育出版社。2007.

李元胜《顺应论在中国的研究综述》[J].成都，成都大学学报 2007⑶：123-126.

刘恩祥，刘颖，李哲。《论语言顺应的动态性一基于广告语言的分析》[J].佛山，佛山科学技术学院学报（社会科学版）》。2011 （1） :70-73.

卢立程《企业对外宣传材料翻译中的语篇重构》[J].肇庆，肇庆学院学报。2007⑶：53-56.

钱冠连。《语用学：统一连贯的理论框架--J. Verschueren〈如何理解语用学〉述评》[J].北京，外语教学与研究。2000（3） :230-232.

钱冠连。《语用学：语言适应理论一“Verschueren语用学新论评述》[J] ?北京，外语教学与研究。1991（1）：61-66.

孙炬。《维索尔伦顺应论的语言哲学观》[J].济南，山东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）。2007 （6） :51-55.

潭晓晨。《语境的动态研究-维索尔伦的语境适应论评介》[J].北京，外语与外语教学。2002 （6）：50-52.

王建国。《从语用顺应论的角度看翻译策略与方法》[J].南京，外语研究。2005（4） :55-59.

叶丽萍《顺应论在企业简介汉英翻译中的应用》。2012,叶苗。《应用翻译语用观研究》M.上海，上海交通大学出版社。2009.

张运桥，严敏芬。《语用三观：关联论、顺应论、模因论评介》[J].广州，外语艺术教育研究。2009（3） :36-38.

4、论文提纲。

1 引言

2 文献综述

国外顺应论研究状况

国内顺应论研究状况

3 顺应论简介

顺应论的三个核心概念

变异

商讨性

顺应

顺应论的两个分析维度

语境因素的顺应

语言结构顺应

顺应论在翻译中的应用

4 从顺应论的视角看企业外宣翻译中的语篇重构

企业外宣翻译的文本和语言特点

语篇重构的概念

从顺应论的视角看形式的语篇重构

语篇衔接和连贯方式与形式的语篇重构

语言风格与形式的语篇重构

从顺应论的视角看内容的语篇重构

心理世界与内容的语篇重构

文化现象与内容的语篇重构

社会规范和政治制度与内容的语篇重构

5 结论

5、论文的理论依据、研究方法、研究内容。

本论文选取了两篇企业外宣材料，分别是《西麦克展览公司简介》和《海天味业网站宣传资料》，并由本人对其进行翻译。根据翻译过程中出现的问题，并结合顺应论的相关分析维度和语篇重构的两大类型，分析译者为顺应目的语读者的语言习惯、文化背景、社会规约和心理因素等所做出的调整。

6、研究条件和可能存在的问题。

本文以顺应论为基础，结合语篇重构的概念，分析了西麦克展览公司宣传材料和海天调味食品股份有限公司宣传材料英译过程中的语篇重构现象。企业外宣材料不仅仅涉及到基本信息传达，而且涉及到企业文化、价值观念、影晌力的传递。因此企业外宣翻译不是简单机械地表达和传递信息，还要从目的语读者的角度对原文作出调整，使目的语读者在阅读外宣材料时被其所传递的企业信息所吸引，继而激发他们采取行动。因此，译者为了符合目的语读者的阅读习惯、审美习惯、思维方式、文化背景要对原文进行内容上和形式上的语篇重构。包括语篇衔接与连贯方式的顺应、语言风格的顺应、心理世界的顺应、文化现象的顺应以及社会规范和政治制度的顺应。同时译者为了达到以上这些顺应的目的，选择顺应的过程中也包含了对原文从词语、句子结构、篇章衔接以及内容上进行重构。

对于企业的外宣翻译，只有设身处地地从目的语读者的角度去思考和翻译，巧妙地对原文进行语篇重构来顺应目的语读者的语言和文化，才能激发读者付诸行动，为企业的形象宣传和经济发展带来实实在在的好处。

7、预期的结果。

企业外宣翻译要通过对原文进行语篇重构来顺应目的语社会的语言语境、心理世界、社交世界、文化世界等，才能更好地实现外宣翻译的交际功能，达到良好外宣效果。

翻译专业开题报告

开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告，欢迎阅读。

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

选题的原因、基本内容：

英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富，寓意深刻，具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中，恰当地加以运用，会大大增加语言的表达能力，收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的'精华，是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单，语言精炼，富于形象比喻，充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想，开拓视野，了解英国的历史文化、风土人情，以及英国人民的人生哲理，同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。

本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处，详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。

毕业论文开题报告翻译

论文开题报告主要是你的论文将要写什么以及为什么要写和如何写的问题。这里有几个方面：第一，你要写什么这个重点要进行已有文献综述，把有关的题目方面的已经有的国内外研究认真介绍一下（先客观介绍情况，要如实陈述别人的观点），然后进行评述（后主观议论，加以评估，说已有研究有什么不足），说现在有了这些研究，但还有很多问题值得研究。其中要包括你选题将要探讨的问题。由于目前研究不足，所以你要研究。所以，你的论文要写什么是根据文献综述得出来的，而不是你想写什么就写什么。如果不做综述，很可能你的选题早被别人做得很深了。第二，为什么要写这个这个主要是说明你这个选题的意义。可以说在理论上，你发现别人有什么不足和研究空白，所以你去做，就有理论价值了。那么你要说清楚你从文献综述中选出来的这个题目在整个相关研究领域占什么地位。这就是理论价值。然后你还可以从实际价值去谈。就是这个题目可能对现实有什么意义，可能在实际中派什么用场等等。第三，如何写在开题报告里你还应当说清楚你选了这个题目之后如何去解决这个问题。就是有了问题，你准备怎么去找答案。要说一下你大致的思路，同时，重点阐述你要用什么方法去研究。如文献分析法、访谈法、问卷法、定量研究、实验研究、理论分析、模型检验等等。在上述三个方面中间，文献综述是重点。没有文献综述，你就无法找到自己的题目，也不知道这个题目别人已经做得怎么样了，所以你要认真进行综述。当然，综述的目的还是引出你自己的话题，所以不能忘记评述哟。

摘要：随着网络的逐步普及，校园网络的建设是学校向信息化发展的必然选择，校园网网络系统是一个非常庞大而复杂的系统，它不仅为现代化教学、综合信息管理和办公自动化等一系列应用提供基本操作平台，而且能提供多种应用服务，使信息能及时、准确地传送给各个系统。而校园网工程建设中主要应用了网络技术中的重要分支局域网技术来建设与管理的，因此本毕业设计课题将主要以校园局域网络建设过程可能用到的各种技术及实施方案为设计方向，为校园网的建设提供理论依据和实践指导。关键字：局域网、Internet、计算机网络、网络协议、服务器、防火墙Abstract: Along with network popularizing step-by-step, the campus network's construction is the school to the informationization development choice inevitably, the campus net network system is one very huge and the complex system, it not only for the modernized teaching, the synthesis information management and the office automation and so on a series of applications provides the elementary operation eo platform, moreover can provide many kinds of application services, enables the information prompt, to transmit accurately for each system. But in the campus net engineering construction mainly applied in the networking important branch local area network technology to construct and the management, therefore this graduation project topic mainly possibly will use by the campus confined network construction process each kind of technology and the implementation plan were the design directions, provided the theory basis and the practice instruction for the campus net's construction. key words: Local area network, Internet, computer network, network protocol, server, firewall

问题一：开题报告如何用英语翻译？开题报告. 英语： 1) Research opening report. 2) Background and development of the project. 问题二："开题报告"这个词，英文怎么说开题报告 [词典] Thesis proposal; 问题三：开题报告英语怎么说 Thesis Report 毕业论文开题报告 Graduation Thesis Report 问题四：开题报告，英语怎么说 Thesis Report 毕业论文开题报告 Graduation Thesis Report 问题五：毕业论文开题报告的英文请问怎么翻译如果图简单的话，就找安太译欣，直接翻译问题六：论文开题报告用英语怎么表达，opening rep 你好！论文开题报告 Thesis opening report 问题七：开题报告用英语怎么说？ Thesis Report 毕业论文揣题报告 Graduation Thesis Report 问题八：英语翻译论文论文开题报告怎么写开题报告，老师一般会给模板，还要看你题目是什么。这是我的开题报告，你参考一下吧。课题名称 An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese 试析颜色词的中英文化内涵差异课题来源 Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor 一、课题背景及意义 (课题的立题依据及研究意义) Research Background: A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of culture. When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. In our daily life, color words are the mon illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily life. Research Significance: As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings. If we do not......>> 问题九：英语论文开题报告怎么写开题报告，老师一般会给模板，还要看你题目是什么。这是我的开题报告，你参考一下吧。课题名称 An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese 试析颜色词的中英文化内涵差异课题来源 Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor 一、课题背景及意义（课题的立题依据及研究意义） Research Background: A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of culture. When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. In our daily life, color words are the mon illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily life. Research Significance: As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings.......>> 问题十：开题报告如何用英语翻译？开题报告. 英语： 1) Research opening report. 2) Background and development of the project.

英译翻译毕业论文开题报告

翻译学论文开题报告

开题报告是提高选题质量和水平的`重要环节。下面是我为大家整理的一篇以《目的论在英汉广告翻译上的应用》为例的语言学硕士论文开题报告，供参考阅读，希望对您有所帮助。

1、选题意义和背景

The progress of economic globalization has greatly hit the social life.

Advertising has become an important way of modern marketing and has attractedmerchants and the company. As people's consciousness worldwide enhances, manyproducts and services of advertising will be translated into other languages forpromotion to explore overseas markets. Advertising, as an effective way ofdisseminating brand information, has penetrated into many aspects of social life, andit plays a bridge role in connection and communication. Since China's accession tothe WTO, its connection with the world gets even closer. More and moreinternational enterprises and product brands come into China's huge market.

Translation of products and services for overseas consumers is not only the functionof promoting consumption, but also the effect of external publicity. In the globalmarket, advertising translation not only brings an opportunity for advertising, butalso has brings the huge challenge. Therefore, mastery of both Chinese and Englishadvertising translation is particularly important.

Skopos theory is the foundation and the core theory of functionalism. Skopostheory holds that the process of the whole translation behavior is determined to thepurpose of translation action, that is, the end justifies the means. The purpose of thetranslation behavior is the core element which determines the translation process.

Advertising translation has a strong purpose. What is more important toadvertising translation is whether translation can convey the purpose of source textand achieve the anticipated target of the source text, so as to attract the attention offoreign customers to induce their consumption desire, eventually to incur purchasebehavior.

2、论文综述/研究基础

1 Advertising Translation Studies in the West.

Advertising translation was mentioned in translation studies for the first time inHurbin's (1972) article “Peut-on traduire la langue de la publicé” (Can OneTranslate the Language of Advertising?)。 At that time, linguistics was the dominanthumanistic discipline, meanwhile, linguistics made translating a code-switchingoperation. Equivalence-based linguistic approaches mainly focus on the source text.

Hurhin argued that for one source text, there are several translations, and thetranslators chose which translation is the most appropriate one. Hurbin also pointedthat if glossaries of advertising language is compiled, this was made easier. So thetranslators will be easy to find the most appropriate equivalent expressions betweenthe source and the target text.

In Candace Seguinot's (1995) article “Translation and Advertising: GoingGlobal in Cultural Functions of Translation”. The main opinion of which is thatacross cultural boundaries, there is an understanding of culture and semioticsappearing in the marketing of goods and services. It goes well beyond both languageand design.

Another representative article “Advertising: a five-stage strategy for translationin Translation” as Intercultural Communication which is edited by C. Nord et al. Thearticle is published by Smith & Klein-Braley (1997)。 In this article, they conduct acontrastive analysis of English and German advertising. Then they developedtaxonomy of strategies for the analysis of advertising translation.

Up to now, the book which maybe the only one published exclusively onadvertisement translation is Translation Practices in International Advertisingwritten by Mathieu Guidere (2001)。 This book mainly talks about various aspects ofadvertising translation in international market and mainly concerns the globaladvertising of multinational companies, because they need to translate their productsinformation into other languages. The author analyzes some examples in advertisingtranslation and he shows readers some essential problems in current translation ideas.

This book introduced the strategies of translation which are implemented by the multinational firms to break into new markets.

2 Advertising Translation Studies in China.

Domestic advertising translation studies officially started in 1990s. In terms ofresearch contents, the initial studies mainly focused on the discussion about specificadvertising translation of idioms and the existing problems in Chinese-Englishadvertising translation. That was the primary stage. Years later, advertisingtranslation principle and criteria became the research themes. People hold the viewthat, advertising translation should give attention to in many aspects, such as text,language beauty, consumer psychology. Researchers illustrated their respectivepoints of view from different angles. Since the late 90s, although the discussion oftranslation principle and criteria were still mentioned, the researchers' attention weregradually focused on translation of difficult parts in advertising, such as therhetorical devices, emotional transmission, brand image and trademark reproduction ,etc. In terms of research methods, domestic advertising translation study mainly usesthe inductive method and the case study. Nevertheless, in recent years, researchersbegin to use the theory achievements of pragmatics and other related disciplines toanalyze different kinds of problems in advertising translation, and then put forwardsome translation strategies.

As early as xx, Li Fan proposed the development of the advertising languageposed a severe challenge to advertising translation. The artful advertisings require thetranslator to break hard the tradition of the original, boldly innovate, and improve thequality of translation. There are three reasons for flexible advertising translation: 1)the purpose of advertising is to induce consumer to purchase products. Text is justmeans, so translations do not have to stick to the text equivalent; 2) the feature ofadvertising language is vivid, which is the essence of advertising language. If thetranslation is not bold to change, there will be no magic translation; 3) formulaicexpressions are common use in advertising, if not alternative, it may be translatedinto foreign stereotyped writing (黎凡 xx:29-31)。 At the same time, researchersthought in terms of some specific advertisements, flexible translation seems to be theonly way, especially in the four kinds of advertising: 1) advertising used of witty and polished words; 2) advertising used of brand name; 3) advertising used of puns; 4)advertising with strong national culture color.

In order to achieve concise expression, attract more readers' attention, facilitatereaders recognize and remember, advertising writing should follow the KISSprinciple, namely, “keep it short and sweet” (郭可 1992:57-64)。 A great number ofstudies on advertising translation are associated with concise problem. Ding Shude isdedicated to his studies. He holds that: 1) Chinese advertising often uses modifiers toemphasis, product characteristics, while English advertising is simple words, mainlywith oral type. a lot of subject-predicative phrases in Chinese can be directlytranslated into adjectives English , such as 速度快、效率高、行动灵活 can betranslated into “fast, efficient and handy”; 2) There are a large number of the fourwords in Chinese advertising structure, which bring parallelism and overlapping tostrengthen language, but there is no such characteristic in English. InChinese-English translation should hold the center, around the center word leads toall aspects; 3) there are often loose sentences, which express a large amount ofinformation in Chinese advertising. Translation should be concise and compact,strengthen the logic; 4) Chinese advertising commonly uses formulaic expressions.

Translation should be fascinating, considering the overall rhetorical, but not stackrhetoric. Good English advertising language is not many words, but it is impressive(丁树德 xx: 42-43)。 Cao Shunfa also takes a large number of examples of bothEnglish-Chinese translation two aspects show that based on the principle of simple,the translation of advertising language should strive to use the most simple languageto express the most complex meaning, to make it easy to be remembered (曹顺发xx: 43-45)。

Equivalence theory is based on Nida's equivalence translation theory. On thisbasis, some researchers point out that commercial advertising translation is mainlyon the equivalence of semantic, social and cultural, and stylistic aspect. 1) Thesemantic equivalence. This is the most basic and important equivalence. From wordto chapter, in order to achieve the semantic equivalence, the first thing to thetranslator is that he must determine the meaning of the translation unit in context.

A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms（题目：二号，黑体，加粗，居中,除了英语小词外，其他单词首字母都要大写；另外：除了题目外，论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”）（学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名（小四号宋体字，加粗），依次排印在论文题目下，上空二行，居中）【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of …… （英文摘要：上空二行；题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，加粗，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用其他任何标点符号；采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗；单倍行距。）【Key Words】 idiom; comparison; English; Chinese （英文关键词：题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，加粗，两个单词的首字母要大写，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用任何其他标点符号，采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗，除了专有名词外，其他单词的首字母不大写，各单词之间用分号“；”隔开，分号之后空一格；最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号；单倍行距。）1. Introduction (顶格，除了第一个单词及专有名词外，其他单词首字母都不要大写；标题最后不用任何标点符号，上空两行)In both English and Chinese, …. So, this essay is trying to focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning, customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999). (段落第一行缩进4个英文字符；夹注的标注法：出现在夹注中的作者必须与文后的参考文献形成一一对应关系；注意一个或多个作者间的标点符号，时间、页码等的标注法；另外，汉语参考文献的作者要以拼音形式出现，不能出现汉语姓氏；夹注出现在标点符号之前)2. The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms In English, …. And it can be clearly seen in the below examples:(1) I don’t know。我不知道。 (2) I am not a poet. 我不是诗人。 (正文中的例子以（1），（2）…为序号排列，直至最后一个例子；而①, ②…则为脚注或尾注的上标序号)3. The differences between English idioms and Chinese The characteristics of English idioms（正文章节序号编制：章的编号：1. ，2.， 3.，…；节的编号：…，…；小节的编号为：, …。小节以下层次，采用希腊数字加括号为序，如（i），（ii）…；之后再采用字母加括号，如(a), (b),…;每章题目左顶格，小四号字，加粗；每节（及小节以下）题目左顶格，小四号字，不加粗但要斜体；所有章节的题目都单独一行，最后不加任何标点符号）….In conclusion, …. The characteristics of Chinese idioms….Feng (1998) found some problems as shown in the following examples (注意此句中夹注的另一种写法):(9) We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.(10) People take no thought of the value of time until they lose it.…. The analysis of the differences between English and Chinese idioms… (i) ….….(ii) ….…. 4. Conclusion….Bibliography (References) （小四号，加粗，后面不加任何标点符号） Sanved, ed. The Oxford book of American literary anecdotes[C]. New York: OUP, 1981.常亮，“关于英语的偏离否定”[J] 。《外国语文》，1993，4：44。冯树健，“否定之否定新说”[J] 。《英语辅导》，1998，6：11。李光陵，“不完全否定浅析” [J] 。《大学英语》，2000，30：30。（论文最后的参考文献中所有文献的排列顺序：尾注：按照编号顺序。夹注：英文文献----网络文献----汉语文献，各个文献的先后以作者的姓氏字母或拼音为序，不用单独加序号或编号；每个参考文献的第二行起必须缩进4个英文字符；倍行距；另外，与文中的夹注一一对应；不同类型的参考文献写法请参照写作指南中附件2的内容）

翻译毕业论文开题报告表

论文的选定不是一下子就能够确定的.若选择的毕业论文题目范围较大，则写出来的毕业论文内容比较空洞，下面是我老师为各位同学准备的翻译开题报告。 About Transform of Parts of Speech in Translation 论翻译中词性的转换本选题国内外研究现状及研究意义：翻译是语言交流过程中沟通不同语言的桥梁和消除语言差异的途径，把握汉英两种语言之间的相互转换尤为重要。词性转换作为一种翻译技巧是译者必用的手法。在词性转换的研究方面，其中以美国的翻译理论学者尤金·奈达(Eugene Nida)的研究代表性，创造了一个新的分类系统，并运用到翻译实践上。国内对词性转换的研究以毛荣贵为主要代表。在近期出版的刊物中有对词性转换翻译研究方面的文章，其中以项伙珍的《谈翻译中转性译法》和梁超的《浅谈英译汉中的英汉词性的转换》为主要代表。本文对翻译中词性转换进行研究，有利于发展翻译技能，使翻译表达形象化和生动化，译文更加通顺和地道。论文的基本结构：本文分四个部分。一、简要介绍词性与词性转换的基本概念，并简述本论文的主要内容。二、重点论述翻译与词性转换的关系及词性转换重要性。三、举例说明词性转换的方法。四、讨论词性转换以及相关的问题，并提供相应的对策。结论部分，总结词性转换在翻译中的重要性。 Word cited . Essay on the principles of Translation. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2007. Christina, Schaffner. Translation an Norms. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2007. Eugene, A. Nida, & Charles, R. Taber. The Theory and Practice of Translation. Shanghai:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2004. Larry, A. Samovar, & Richard, Porter. Communication between Cultures, 3rd : Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2008. Roger, Bell. Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2006. 崔长青, 张碧竹. 翻译的要素[M]. 苏州: 苏州大学出版社, 2007. 李琏. 英式显性词性转换与英语写作[J]. 新疆教育学学报, 2003, 19(1): 85-89. 李连生. 英汉互译中的词性转换[J]. 武汉交通管理干部学院学报, 1996, (1):102-107. 项伙珍. 谈翻译中的转性译法[J]. 长江职工大学学报, 2000, 17(3): 46-48. 叶海燕. 翻译中的词性转换及换形[J]. 安徽工业大学学报(社会科学版), 2005, 22(3):60-61.

题目：试论英汉语中含数字习语的翻译策略一、选题的背景与意义： (一)选题的背景：英语和汉语均是世界上历史悠久的语言之一，它们在长期的发展中积淀了大量的习语，其中包括含数字的习语。数字习语是指含有基数词和序数词的习语，是习语中不可或缺的一部分。在英语和汉语中，含数字的习语都占据了重要地位。随着21世纪经济全球化的快速推进，各国间文化的交流与合作也空前的多了起来，英汉习语研究领域也相应地出现了新的气象。作为英汉习语的重要组成部分，含数字的习语也成了中外学者着力研究的对象之一。越来越多的专家学者对含数字习语的翻译进行了大量而广泛的探讨与研究。 1.国外研究现状国外对含数字习语的研究相对较少，但对习语的研究大致可分为三个阶段。早期的习语研究通常以L. P. Smith于1925年发表的《词与习语》(Words and Idioms)一书作为开始。他探讨了习语的来源与结构，根据习语的意象进行分类，并指出习语的基本特征：习语的意义不是它组成词的意义的总和。他指出：“习语的含义是不透明的，可以用来表达决心，愤怒，谩骂的内心情感，体现了英语词汇在习语中的巧妙用处” 。从20世纪30年代到50年代，以结构主义理论为基础，C. F. Hockett强调了语境在识别和解释习语中的重要地位，解释了习语的深层结构和语义特征，使得习语的定义开始走向规范化。到了20世纪60年代，具有整体性、凝固性的习语受到Chomsky 生产语法理论的影响，其研究陷入了僵局，但始终没有停止。直到以B. Fraser为代表的语言学家提出了习语固定性等级理论，承认习语的固定性，但认为习语仍具有转换潜力，习语的研究再次得到了关注。从20世纪80年代开始，习语的研究进入了一个新阶段。语言学家们开始探讨习语在交际活动中所起的作用，开辟了习语在交际环境里的功能研究，更具有现实意义。其中研究成果最为突出的是澳大利亚语言学家C. Fernando，她的代表作为《习语与习语特征》(Idioms and Idiomaticity)。近年来，越来越多的学者从语言的文化背景角度来研究习语的形成，Nida(1993)曾说过：“文化对习语、习语的意义的影响是非常深远的，如果没有认真地研究背景，就难以透彻理解习语的深刻含义” 。所以，要研究含数字的习语，首先要了解其数字的文化内涵。在翻译方面，研究成绩最为卓著的应属美国的翻译理论家E. A. Nida和英国杰出的翻译理论家Peter Newmark。20世纪60年代，E. A. Nida 出版了《翻译的科学探讨》和《翻译理论与实践》，把语言学理论引入翻译研究，提出了“形式对等”和“动态对等”的概念。在2003年出版的《语言与文化——翻译中的语境》一书中，E. A. Nida从多学科角度研究翻译。他指出：“要想成为优秀的翻译者，仅仅会说两种语言是不够的，还要了解语言背后的文化” 。1981年，Peter Newmark在第一部著作《翻译问题探讨》中，提出了交际翻译(communicative translation)和语义翻译(semantic translation)的新概念。1999年，在其论著的《论翻译》一书中，他提出了全新概念的“翻译关联法” 。翻译是一项艰巨而复杂的工作，习语的翻译更是翻译中的难点。Mona Baker在《换言之：翻译教程》(In Other Words: A Course Book on Translation)中指出了一种语言中的习语与其所处的文化背景息息相关，习语的翻译难点在于，用不同的文化背景的习语翻译，所引起的联想是不同的。书中列出了其翻译的难点：(a)没有对等的习语。(b)有相似的习语，但使用的情景不同，两个成语的内涵也不同。(c)译出语中字面意义和含义同时有效，有双重含义，而到了译入语中只能选择其一。也就是说，两者并不是形式和内容都能做到对等。Mona Baker在本书中还指出了习语翻译的策略：(a)使用意义对等、形式相似的习语。(b)使用意思相近但形式不同的习语。(c)使用释译。(d)略去不译。 2.国内研究现状在数字文化研究方面，刘明阁认为：“数字不独属于数字王国，还应用于成语或词组中，在不同民族、宗教、历史、社会习俗等因素作用下，被赋予特殊的联想意义，蒙上了神秘的文化色彩” 。他在《跨文化交际中汉英语言文化比较研究》一书中具体阐述了英汉语中的偏好数字以及汉英数字文化差异的成因。包惠南在其所著的《文化语境与语言翻译》中，分析了数字“四”、“六”、“七”、“八”、“九”的文化内涵，特别提到了西方人对数字“十三”的忌讳，反映了东西文化中不同的数字观念。成昭伟在其所著的《英语语言文化导论》一书中对英语数字的表义功能和文化色彩进行了简要剖析，对中西方的数字文化提出了自己的见解。李丽在“数字习语的文化根源”中重点研究英语数字的文化背景，对其中的“3”和“13”，“6”和“7”，“5”和单数崇拜进行了分析，并提出宗教文化，古希腊罗马神话和文化思维方式影响了英语数字习语的形成。在含数字习语的翻译方面，从20世纪90年代开始，国内对英汉语中含数字习语翻译的研究呈蓬勃发展之势。早在1989年，由邓炎昌和刘润清先生所著的《语言与文化》一书中对数字习语就有所提及。刘明阁认为：“东西方语言文字、习语表达、风俗习惯等方面都含有许多数字词以及与数字有关的知识” 。在其2003年出版的《英语文化翻译学教程》一书中，用一个章节的内容描写了数字在习语中的应用和翻译，并将它们按数字进行分类研究。此外，全国各级报刊相继刊登了不少与此有关的研究文章。1998年，陈琳霞在“英汉数字习语互译方法中”一文中提出了7中翻译方法——对应直译、不等值翻译、习语套用法、夸张数字略译法、译特定含义、删略重复词义、采用引申义。唐丽在2008年发表的“英汉数字习语翻译策略初探”一文中探讨了数字与习语的关系及其翻译策略，提出了五种翻译方法——等值译法或直译法、注释法、借代法、意译法、归化译法。 (二)选题的意义： 1.理论意义：习语是从语言中提炼出来的短语或短句，是语言的核心和精华。习语作为一种特殊的语言形式，它与一个民族的地理环境、历史背景、经济生活、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、心理状态、价值观念等方面息息相关，能够清楚地反映出一个民族的文化特色。研究英汉语中含数字习语的翻译时，学者可以从中获取大量的有关中西方数字文化的知识，了解中西方的文化差异，增强文化意识。其次，对英汉含数字习语互译的研究有利于语言的发展，促进国际间的交流与合作。此外，研究含数字习语的翻译对英汉语的教学与学习也有一定的参考价值和启示作用。 2.实践意义：实践证明，研究英汉语中含数字的习语有利于学者积累大量的习语词汇，提高学者的语言应用能力，在不同的语境中能够有效、得体、恰当地运用习语。在实际生活中，能够正确表达习语，消除误会，避免分歧。其次，有效地对其翻译策略进行研究有利于促进学者掌握正确的翻译方法，懂得将直译、意译、归化、异化等的翻译方法具体地应用于含数字习语的互译中。在平时的学习中，能够快速地辨别出文章中的习语及其含义，有助于正确翻译全文。掌握含数字习语的翻译策略，能够提高学者的整体水平，不仅包括语言水平，还包括文化素养。由于目前对含数字习语的研究大部分集中在理论方面，实际应用方面还不是很多，所以，笔者应该更侧重于实例研究，同时结合数字文化的理论知识，从两方面对英汉语中含数字习语的翻译策略进行分析和总结，从而提高学者的语言水平。二、研究的基本内容与拟解决的主要问题： (一)研究的基本内容 1.含数字习语的介绍 .数与数字习语的关系 .含数字习语的定义：回顾学者以往对含数字习语的研究，探讨他们提出的定义 2.含数字习语的文化因素 .中国数字的文化内涵 .西方数字的文化内涵 .英汉含数字习语的文化内涵差异分析 3.含数字习语的翻译理论 .含数字习语的直译法 .含数字习语的意译法 4.含数字习语的具体翻译策略 .含数字的汉语习语的英译探讨 .列举一些含数字的汉语习语，根据不同的习语特征运用不同的翻译方法 .含数字的英语习语的汉译探讨 .列举一些含数字的英语习语，根据不同的习语特征运用不同的翻译方法 5.结论 (二)拟解决的主要问题习语是文化的积淀，是语言的精华。整个学习语言的过程都离不开对习语的学习。要想真正掌握对英汉语中含数字习语的翻译，首先就应该了解两种语言中的数字文化内涵，包括数字的特点及其在不同语境中的用法，译者必须努力提升自身的跨文化敏感度。其次，译者要跳出仅局限于了解数字语言与文化的关系，应该具体到在含数字习语中针对数字的文化根源和对比翻译进行探讨和研究，同时要注意语境对其翻译的影响。此外，学者要多积累英汉含数字的习语，多度相关读物，试着比较出英汉两种语言语中含数字习语的表达差异，探讨出可行的翻译策略。三、研究的方法与技术路线： 1.研究的方法 1)参考文献法：对相关文献等理论依据进行详实地参考，为论文奠定坚实的理论基础。 2)比较与对照法：通过比较和对照，分析不同翻译方法对含数字习语翻译的优缺点。 3)理论思辨法：在现有理论基础上，针对现状做出自己的分析，提出适合本课题研究的理论框架。 4)调查法：调查不同的翻译方法所得出的不同译文对读者的接受度和欣赏效果。 5)归纳法：通过一系列的实例分析概括总结英汉含数字习语的翻译策略。 2. 技术路线 1)利用学校图书馆和网络资源，收集本课题研究的相关书籍、文献资料。 2)对搜集到的文献资料进行分类、分析、对比、归纳，提出自己的理论框架和解决问题的办法。 3)经常与导师联系和交流，接受导师的帮助和指导。四、研究的总体安排与进度：日期毕业论文各阶段名称备注 — 搜集相关资料、选题并完成开题报告。 — 认真撰写，完成论文初稿。 .— 完成论文二稿和三稿。开展中期检查 — 完成论文修改与定稿，将论文装订成册上交 — 审查验收，评阅教师给出成绩毕业论文答辩和成绩评定(含优秀论文的评定) 五、主要参考文献： Baker, Mona. In Other Words: A Course Book on Translation. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000. Fernando, Chitra. Idioms and Idiomaticity. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, (accessed November 14, 2011) Nida, Eugene A. Language and Culture-Contexts in Translating. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001. 包惠南，《文化语境与语言翻译》。北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2001。常润芳，“英汉数字习语的文化根源及对比、翻译探析”，《河南大学学报》，1(2008)：155。陈琳霞，“英汉数字习语互译方法”，《浙江师大学报》，2(1998)：66-69。成昭伟，周丽红，《英语语言文化导论》。北京：国防工业出版社，2011。李丽，王成，“英语数字习语的文化根源”，《西安欧亚学院学报》，4(2005)：55-57。刘明阁，《跨文化交际中汉英语言文化比较研究》。开封：河南大学出版社，2009。骆世平，《英语习语研究》。上海：上海外语教育出版社，2005。唐丽，“英汉数字习语翻译策略初探”，《南宁技术学院学报》，4(2008)88-90。张镇华，《英语习语的文化内涵及其语用研究》。北京：外语教学与研究出版社2007。

翻译学论文开题报告

开题报告是提高选题质量和水平的`重要环节。下面是我为大家整理的一篇以《目的论在英汉广告翻译上的应用》为例的语言学硕士论文开题报告，供参考阅读，希望对您有所帮助。

1、选题意义和背景

The progress of economic globalization has greatly hit the social life.

Advertising has become an important way of modern marketing and has attractedmerchants and the company. As people's consciousness worldwide enhances, manyproducts and services of advertising will be translated into other languages forpromotion to explore overseas markets. Advertising, as an effective way ofdisseminating brand information, has penetrated into many aspects of social life, andit plays a bridge role in connection and communication. Since China's accession tothe WTO, its connection with the world gets even closer. More and moreinternational enterprises and product brands come into China's huge market.

Translation of products and services for overseas consumers is not only the functionof promoting consumption, but also the effect of external publicity. In the globalmarket, advertising translation not only brings an opportunity for advertising, butalso has brings the huge challenge. Therefore, mastery of both Chinese and Englishadvertising translation is particularly important.

Skopos theory is the foundation and the core theory of functionalism. Skopostheory holds that the process of the whole translation behavior is determined to thepurpose of translation action, that is, the end justifies the means. The purpose of thetranslation behavior is the core element which determines the translation process.

Advertising translation has a strong purpose. What is more important toadvertising translation is whether translation can convey the purpose of source textand achieve the anticipated target of the source text, so as to attract the attention offoreign customers to induce their consumption desire, eventually to incur purchasebehavior.

2、论文综述/研究基础

1 Advertising Translation Studies in the West.

Advertising translation was mentioned in translation studies for the first time inHurbin's (1972) article “Peut-on traduire la langue de la publicé” (Can OneTranslate the Language of Advertising?)。 At that time, linguistics was the dominanthumanistic discipline, meanwhile, linguistics made translating a code-switchingoperation. Equivalence-based linguistic approaches mainly focus on the source text.

Hurhin argued that for one source text, there are several translations, and thetranslators chose which translation is the most appropriate one. Hurbin also pointedthat if glossaries of advertising language is compiled, this was made easier. So thetranslators will be easy to find the most appropriate equivalent expressions betweenthe source and the target text.

In Candace Seguinot's (1995) article “Translation and Advertising: GoingGlobal in Cultural Functions of Translation”. The main opinion of which is thatacross cultural boundaries, there is an understanding of culture and semioticsappearing in the marketing of goods and services. It goes well beyond both languageand design.

Another representative article “Advertising: a five-stage strategy for translationin Translation” as Intercultural Communication which is edited by C. Nord et al. Thearticle is published by Smith & Klein-Braley (1997)。 In this article, they conduct acontrastive analysis of English and German advertising. Then they developedtaxonomy of strategies for the analysis of advertising translation.

Up to now, the book which maybe the only one published exclusively onadvertisement translation is Translation Practices in International Advertisingwritten by Mathieu Guidere (2001)。 This book mainly talks about various aspects ofadvertising translation in international market and mainly concerns the globaladvertising of multinational companies, because they need to translate their productsinformation into other languages. The author analyzes some examples in advertisingtranslation and he shows readers some essential problems in current translation ideas.

This book introduced the strategies of translation which are implemented by the multinational firms to break into new markets.

2 Advertising Translation Studies in China.

Domestic advertising translation studies officially started in 1990s. In terms ofresearch contents, the initial studies mainly focused on the discussion about specificadvertising translation of idioms and the existing problems in Chinese-Englishadvertising translation. That was the primary stage. Years later, advertisingtranslation principle and criteria became the research themes. People hold the viewthat, advertising translation should give attention to in many aspects, such as text,language beauty, consumer psychology. Researchers illustrated their respectivepoints of view from different angles. Since the late 90s, although the discussion oftranslation principle and criteria were still mentioned, the researchers' attention weregradually focused on translation of difficult parts in advertising, such as therhetorical devices, emotional transmission, brand image and trademark reproduction ,etc. In terms of research methods, domestic advertising translation study mainly usesthe inductive method and the case study. Nevertheless, in recent years, researchersbegin to use the theory achievements of pragmatics and other related disciplines toanalyze different kinds of problems in advertising translation, and then put forwardsome translation strategies.

As early as xx, Li Fan proposed the development of the advertising languageposed a severe challenge to advertising translation. The artful advertisings require thetranslator to break hard the tradition of the original, boldly innovate, and improve thequality of translation. There are three reasons for flexible advertising translation: 1)the purpose of advertising is to induce consumer to purchase products. Text is justmeans, so translations do not have to stick to the text equivalent; 2) the feature ofadvertising language is vivid, which is the essence of advertising language. If thetranslation is not bold to change, there will be no magic translation; 3) formulaicexpressions are common use in advertising, if not alternative, it may be translatedinto foreign stereotyped writing (黎凡 xx:29-31)。 At the same time, researchersthought in terms of some specific advertisements, flexible translation seems to be theonly way, especially in the four kinds of advertising: 1) advertising used of witty and polished words; 2) advertising used of brand name; 3) advertising used of puns; 4)advertising with strong national culture color.

In order to achieve concise expression, attract more readers' attention, facilitatereaders recognize and remember, advertising writing should follow the KISSprinciple, namely, “keep it short and sweet” (郭可 1992:57-64)。 A great number ofstudies on advertising translation are associated with concise problem. Ding Shude isdedicated to his studies. He holds that: 1) Chinese advertising often uses modifiers toemphasis, product characteristics, while English advertising is simple words, mainlywith oral type. a lot of subject-predicative phrases in Chinese can be directlytranslated into adjectives English , such as 速度快、效率高、行动灵活 can betranslated into “fast, efficient and handy”; 2) There are a large number of the fourwords in Chinese advertising structure, which bring parallelism and overlapping tostrengthen language, but there is no such characteristic in English. InChinese-English translation should hold the center, around the center word leads toall aspects; 3) there are often loose sentences, which express a large amount ofinformation in Chinese advertising. Translation should be concise and compact,strengthen the logic; 4) Chinese advertising commonly uses formulaic expressions.

Translation should be fascinating, considering the overall rhetorical, but not stackrhetoric. Good English advertising language is not many words, but it is impressive(丁树德 xx: 42-43)。 Cao Shunfa also takes a large number of examples of bothEnglish-Chinese translation two aspects show that based on the principle of simple,the translation of advertising language should strive to use the most simple languageto express the most complex meaning, to make it easy to be remembered (曹顺发xx: 43-45)。

Equivalence theory is based on Nida's equivalence translation theory. On thisbasis, some researchers point out that commercial advertising translation is mainlyon the equivalence of semantic, social and cultural, and stylistic aspect. 1) Thesemantic equivalence. This is the most basic and important equivalence. From wordto chapter, in order to achieve the semantic equivalence, the first thing to thetranslator is that he must determine the meaning of the translation unit in context.

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对楼上的无语了......如果是E-mail里说的话，就用：先生に论文の提出报告を添削させていただきたいです。せんせいにろんぶんのていしゅつほうこくをてんさくさせていただきたいです。如果是当面说的话就用：先生に论文の提出报告を添削させていただいても宜しいでしょうか。

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1920年にの中国のアニメーションに诞生して、かつて一连ですで浓厚な民族の特色の芸术のアニメーションを持って国际上で1つの光り辉く时代を创造して、独自の旗印を掲げる“中国の学派”を形成しました。百花斉放の黄金を経験しました时期后で、各种の原因のため、中国のアニメーションは次第に衰退に向かいます。90年代20世纪に入って、中国のアニメーションは理论の上で新鲜で珍しい人はおよびを议论して、依然として映画とテレビの研究の新しい领域に属します。日本は20世纪に70年代迅速な飞跃のアニメーションが输出の大国を生产したのとです。そのアニメーションの作品は巨大な数量、鲜明な民族の趣と独特な夸张する芸术の风格で世界のアニメーションの映画界でただ胜手に场に胜って、影响はとても広いです。特に一衣帯水の隣国の中国よりもにになって、日本のアニメーションは更に20世纪末に强大な竞争力で中国のアニメーションの市场を并呑しました。中日両国の文化交流の途切れない深く入り込むことに従って、アニメーションの领域の交流の协力は次第に両国の人民になって特に青少年の间で相互理解を増进して、相互の友情の1つの重要な道を促进します。本文は中日両国のアニメーションに対する比较する分析を通すことを目指して、探求を试みて今国产のアニメーションの存在した问题を解决して、民族のアニメーションの激情を振兴します自分の観点と见方を出しています。中日のアニメーションはすべて20世纪初めに西方のアニメーションの影响のもとで生んで発展したので、しかし同じ背景の下にまた各自の特徴があります。両者は戦后にはっきり异なる道に向かって、大いに异なる风格を形成しました。しかし各自の発展の过程の中ですべて独特な个性に対する追求を放弃していません。中国のアニメーションにとって、日本のアニメーションの强大な冲撃を受け入れる时，利用して时机十分に日本のアニメーションの长所と精髄を参考にします我が国の深い文化の源に頼って、発展して民族の风格の本土のアニメーションを持ちにきて、中国のアニメーションを振兴して、非常に现実的な意味を持ったのです。

かいだいほうこく就是繁体字就行啦

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