英语方言毕业论文范文

英语方言毕业论文范文

在全球化时代,随着国际交流日益增多,中国对高质量英语人才的要求也达到了前所未有的高度。英语教学在中国高等 教育 体系中占据着举足轻重的地位,也肩负着社会培养高质量人才的重任。下文是我为大家搜集整理的关于 毕业 英语论文 范文 大全的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!毕业英语论文范文大全篇1 浅谈老水手的心理历程——《苦舟子咏》 读后感 [摘要]：《苦舟子咏》是英国19世纪湖畔派诗人柯勒律治的一首长诗。全诗是一个充满了奇幻之美的的航海 故事 。全诗探索人生的罪与罚问题，诗人把热爱宇宙的万物泛神论思想和____思想结合起来，宣传仁爱和基督____罪思想。诗中的水手的心理活动刻画得细致入微，水手杀掉信天翁表示他拒绝社会给他的礼物，他除掉了深爱自己并代表超自然的事物，也就除掉了对这个世界的感情，最后水手内心发生转变，以新的态度对待自然，为此他才得以解脱出来。 [关键词]：老水手;道德;内疚;痛苦;赎罪 Abstract: “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” is one of Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s masterpieces. It is a long poem, telling a story in the form of ballads .The poem can be approached as a dream voyage to another realm, as a story of sin and expatiation, or as the quiet essential representation of the alienated isolated modern individual. 一、作者简介 塞缪尔·泰勒·柯尔律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)1772年10月21日生于英格兰西南部德文郡一个乡镇牧师的家庭。9岁丧父，被送往伦敦基督慈幼学校上学，熟读希腊、罗马文学。19岁入剑桥大学，与骚塞相识。当时两人都同情法国革命，但又都害怕革命暴力，于是设想去美洲建立乌托邦社会。计划失败后柯尔律治移居英格兰部西部湖区，致力于写诗，并与华兹华斯结成密友。他憎恶资本主义城市文明和冷酷的金钱关系，于是远离城市，隐居于昆布兰湖区，寄情山水或缅怀中世纪的宗法社会。他们创作出歌颂大自然的或美化宗法制农村生活方式的诗篇，以抵制丑恶的资本主义现实。因此被称为“湖畔派诗人”。1798年，两人合作出版著名的《抒情歌谣集》。同年他与华兹华斯兄妹到德国 留学 ，被康德的哲学和耶拿派的诗歌理论和创作所吸引。回国后继续居住于湖区，与华兹华斯保持往来。柯尔律治年青时代即患有风湿痛等多种疾病。为求镇痛他长期服食鸦片竟至上瘾，故健康大受损害。晚年他贫病交加，1834年7月25日逝世于海格特。柯尔律治的作品以真的细节描绘超自然的神秘事物，令人甘愿暂时不去考虑普通情理而信以为真，并在领略到一种怪异的美的同时获得教益或良知的觉醒。柯尔律治的创作实践和理论建设，不仅影响过他的同时代人，也影响了包括和他政治态度相左的拜伦、雪莱和济慈，而且，对于时至今日的诗歌艺术探索者，仍具有重要的借鉴价值。他在英国文学史上有重要地位，是浪漫主义思潮的重要代表。 二、《苦舟子咏》简介 《苦舟子咏》是柯尔律治唯一一部完整的长诗。这部长625行的叙事谣曲是一个神秘恐怖的浪漫故事：一名老水手对一个赴结婚宴的客人讲述了他自己的可怕的故事。客人想走开，赶快去赴宴，却为老水手眼中的特殊表情所吸引住，不得不站在那里把这个故事听完了。老水手和同伴们坐了一艘船出海去。一路上很平安。然后遇到了一阵暴风，暴风过后，这位水手却无端地射杀一只了航海者认为好运象征的信天翁。因此，厄运又降临了。船驶进静海中，那里没有风也没有浪;太阳如火如荼地照耀着。海水绿绿地满载着腐物。船停在那里不动，老水手被视为这次厄运的造因者。水手们都渴得要死去，仿佛有一只船要驶进救他们却又消失不见了。那是一只幻船，水手们一个个都死在甲板上，每个死者的眼光都注定在这位杀死信天翁的水手身上。全船的人，只有他没有死。后来，他对于自所做的恶罪觉得悔恨。于是天使们可怜他的悲苦，使死尸们站了起来，仍去做水手们的职务。他们开上了帆。虽然没有风，船却渐渐地移动。于是，这船一直驶到了老水手的故乡。一个领航者离了海岸，出来迎接。但在他到这船之前，它却突然地沉下了，留下了这位老水手在海波中与死神挣扎着。他被领航者所救。后来，他一想起那时受的言之不尽的痛苦，便不能忍。他的心在体内烧着，一直到了把这可怕的故事说了出来，方才觉得舒服。 三、分析老水手的心理历程 “自由、平等、博爱”是资产阶级道德重要规范。“自由、平等、博爱”的 口号 是资产阶级革命时期提出来的。它既是资产阶级的政治主张，又是资产阶级道德的重要内容。这一口号的提出不仅在政治上曾经起过推动历史进步的作用，而且在人类道德发展史上也是一个巨大的进步，因为它否定了人身依附关系，肯定了人身自由;否定了等级特权，肯定了人的平等;否定了把人不当人的非人道主义的博爱思想。一句话，肯定了人的尊严、价值以及个人对幸福的追求。所以，它对个性的张扬和自我意识的发展，对人们挣脱禁欲主义、蒙昧主义、等级主义的枷锁都起到了巨大的革命作用。 西方____的万物泛神论主张神无处不在，万物都是神的表象。这种主张认为：上帝就等于万事万物;任何个别事物就是上帝;世上的事物实际上都是虚无的。 在这两种思想的支配下，作者把信天翁认为是基督____徒。老水手无端地射死了信天翁，表示他拒绝社会给他的礼物，他除掉了深爱自己并代表超自然的事物，也就除掉了对这个世界的感情。老水手违反上天的指意，违反自然规律，射死了无辜的信天翁，必然要受到惩罚。于是，灾难来了：风停了，船无法前进，阳光酷热，水手们口干舌燥。这时候，有人指责老水手——“你怎敢放肆，将神鸟射死!是它引来了南风。”此时，老水手开始意识到自己行为的错误。于是，他开始不断地感到内疚。心理学认为，在道德情感系统中，羞耻感是其中的一个元素。毕达哥拉斯要求人们对自己言行进行反省以后，就应该在内心里对卑劣的行为感到羞耻、悲哀和恐惧;对善良行为感到欣喜。沙莆慈伯利认为，道德上的善恶主要取决于感情系统中的羞耻感。他说：“凡出自不公正的情感所作的，就是不义恶行和过失;如果情感公正、健全、良好，并且情感的内容有益于社会，而且还是以有益于社会方式施行，或有所感动，这就必定在任何行动中构成我们所说的公平和正直。”不义、恶行和过失将引起人们的羞耻感。羞耻感是个人的自我道德意识的一种表现，表示一个人对自己的行为、动机和道德品质的谴责时的内心体验。良心是羞耻感的的主要作用机制，常表现出焦虑、羞愧和内疚等情绪。道德焦虑是一种复合情绪。其中，痛苦和畏惧是主要构成“因子”。但它仅以避免外在处罚为目的，是低级形式的羞耻感，可又是羞耻感发生的基础。那么，羞耻感的真正作用是什么?是内疚，只有内疚才是高度的主体意识的产物，它激活潜在的思维和力量，专注与对过失的懊悔和追悔的行为，促进个体的心理成熟。如果个体内疚匮乏，那他将对道德不屑一顾，达不到“有羞知格”的认识。同时，羞耻感要以自尊为前提，一个没有自尊的人是不会知耻的，更不会自责。自尊体现了对自我社会话的切近，没有自尊的防卫，就不可能有自责的意识和行为的发生。老水手对自己的不道德行为知耻，惭愧和悔恨。老水手真是由于良心发现才深感自己行为的错误，于是惶惶终日，不断自责自己。 事态进一步发展，在他忏悔和祈祷下挂在脖子下的鸟掉下来了，但是同行的水手都因为缺水而一个个地死去，只有老水手一个人活着。这似乎是上帝对他的又一个惩罚。他一方面觉得自己的罪行深重，导致了其他水手的死亡——痛苦;另一方面在茫茫大海中，一条船上就他孤零零的一个人——恐惧。于是他的内心又经历了一场痛苦与恐惧的考验。良心是每个人自身内部的道德评析，是自己对自己行为道德价值的认识、认知、判断、态度、感情、体验、意向、意志、动机等一切心理反应活动。老水手不断对自己惊醒良心谴责。良心的基本因素是感情，感情是对需要的体验，是心理的动力因素。它一方面产生良心的认知因素，推动自己去判断自己行为的道德价值;另一方面则产生良心意志因素，推动自己做出改过迁善的选择。在行为过后，良心对行为的后果有影响和评价作用。对于履行了道德义务并产生了好后果的影响和行为，它便于进行自我谴责，使人感到内疚、惭愧和悔恨。这种自我谴责，往往能形成一种力量，促使人们改正自己的行为。 后来，老水手虔诚地祈求海蛇破开魔法，他才获救得以回家。人非圣贤，孰能无过?人生在生活中不免发生道德过失。道德反省就是通过对道德过失的追悔，从而激励人们采用新的道德行为去补救已经酿成的道德不幸，并且通过对道德过失的觉醒为将要开始的道德行为提供罗盘。道德反省的实质在于主体对自己已作的道德选择进行批判性的分析，是在主体已经体验到自己的道德行为存在着过失的情况下，从而进行的对自己内心的深刻 反思 。通过反思，要为今后的行为提供新的路线和方案，明白来者可追，逝者可补。在今后的行动过程中，要用千倍的补偿替代原有的损失;通过反思，主体对自我发展和自我需要与社会道德的系统会领悟得更加深刻。 故事的最后，老水手回到了家。于是出现了开篇的那一幕：他极力拉住去赴婚宴的人，让他们听他讲这个离奇的故事——他想寻找听众，承认自己的错误，说出自己的故事，解除内心的痛苦——赎罪。尽管老水手已经虔诚忏悔，但还是有种负罪感难以释怀，于是他渴望被人理解，宣泄出来以排除内心的痛苦。生活也是这样，当我们遇到困难、痛苦的时候，不要封闭自己，找一个忠实的听众，把自己的苦恼说给他听。这是一种释放压力的好 方法 。 总之，柯尔律治的这首诗歌以神秘、怪诞著称，其中的心理描写可谓是典范!诗歌探讨了罪与罚、善与恶，生与死等哲学问题，宣传了一切生物皆上帝听造的教义。但诗歌的真正价值并不在故事本身或它所包含的哲理上，而在以造型艺术的精确性和音乐的流动感为读者创造了一幅幅神奇的海洋画面：时而风平浪静，沉寂安宁;时而风暴骤起，一片喧嚣。在写作此诗时，柯尔律治并不熟悉大海，但他能凭借想象，使真实的情形与幻想的景象互相交织，把平凡的细节与诗意的象征融为一体，充分显示了瑰丽奇特的想象能力。在诗艺上，长诗将英国民歌的自由与古典文人诗的谨严冶于一炉，炼就出适合表达浪漫主义情绪的活泼自然的诗体，而长诗的音韵与节奏之美，也表现了诗人能让文字进行歌唱的本领。 [参考文献]： 《英美文学选读》 天津大学出版社出版 《英国文学简史》 河南人民出版社出版 《道德心理学》 中南大学出版社出版 毕业英语论文范文大全篇2 浅谈东西方数字九的 文化 对比分析与翻译 一、前言 "数是人类思维发展到一定阶段，为适应社会生产活动的需要，在符号的帮 助下产生的。"(苏金智，19 91)"数字是语言学中的一个特殊的领域。在科 学的数字世界里，它的功能是计算，秩序严谨，职司分明，是 实数;而在人类 心灵的数字世界中，它的功能是表义，许多数字经过“神化”后成为“玄数”、 “虚数”、“ 天数"。它们有着极其丰富的外延和内涵。"(王秉钦，1998) 由于受东西方文化传统、宗教信仰、语言崇拜、地理环境等方面的影响，数 字的神化存在着东西方的差异 ，但也存在着共性，有着共同的规律。在"数的 灵物崇拜"上各民族都有普通性。东方人有自己心目中的"天 数"，而西方人 也有自己心目中的"神数"。神秘数字的演化规律一般经过"神化—泛化—虚 化"的过程。( 王秉钦，1998) 东西方已有不少有关数字科学的专著和论文， 如毕达哥拉斯(phythagoras) 学派的T·丹齐克的《数 科学语言》(商务印书馆，1998)，英国人伦拉德·法 拉的《七的探源》;国内也有不少学者就数字写过著作 和论文，并开展过学术探 讨。如，王秉钦教授在其《语言与翻译新论》的中篇第六章就以"数的语义范围 比较 与翻译"为专题;苏金智曾写过《数的灵物崇拜》(载〈语言、社会、文化》 440页， 语文出版社，1991，1) 等。在1998 年南昌大学主办的"中国英汉语 比较研究会第二届年会暨第三次学术研讨会"上，英汉文化对比专 业委员会会 员曾就中南工业大学外语学院吴玲英老师的《中西文学中"以三为法”的文化模 式》展开了激烈的 讨论。本人认为东方人，尤其是中国人，自己心目中的天数 是"九"而不是"三"，也并非完全是因为"九" 是"三"的倍数。 二、东西方数字"九"的文化对比分析 在我国，人们之所以把"九"看成是自己心目中的"天数"和最富有神奇色 彩的数字， 是因为"九" 这个数字的象征意义(symbolicmeaning)，在我国可 以说历时最久，涉及面也最广。 "九"作为数不同于一 般数字，在中国古代被 认为是一种神秘的数字，它起初是龙形(或蛇形)图腾化之文字，继而演化出"神 圣" 之意，于是中国古代历代帝王为了表示自己神圣的权力为天赐神赋，便竭 力把自己同“九”联系在一起。如天 分九层，极言其高，天证/诞日为正月初 九，天子祭天一年九次。更有趣的是连皇宫建筑都与"九"有关。例 如，北京 城有九门，天安门城楼面阔九问，门上饰有九路钉(即每扇门的门钉纵横各九排)。 汉语词汇中也常 用"九"来形容帝王将相的称谓，如"九五之尊"(imperial throne);称官位仅次于皇帝的王爷为"九千岁 "等。 根据阴阳五行与数的关系，万物之根均为数，宇宙也是数。数始于1而终于 10，五行也是数，按传统的五行 理论来划分，则1、2为木：1为阳木，2为阴 木。以3、4为火：3为阳火，4为阴火。以5、6为土：5为阳土，6为 阴土。 以7、8为金：7为阳金，8为阴金。以9、10为水：9 为阳水，10为阴水。这 就是将"象"、"数"与五行 结合起来推演变化，用以显示事物发展变化的内 在联系。由此看来，"九"是最大的阳数，象征着天。 传说 古 代中国人把天分 为九层，九层天是天的最高处，汉语中有关词汇有"九重霄"(指极高的天空， "九霄云外" ，"九天揽月"，"九天九地"等。另外，天坛，这个明清两代 祭天的场所，其建筑无处不体现着“九”的象 征意义。 民间传说中还有"九头 鸟"(nine-headed bird: a fabulous bird whose appearance was f ormerlyregarded as a bad omcn)的故事。 中国人以"九"为大数，刘师培在《古书疑义举例补》一书中写道："凡数 指其极者，皆得称之为'九' ;"《素问》中说："天地之数，始于一，终于 九。"因此，汉语中有"九九归一"或"九九归原"之说。因 从"九"为数之 极而引出人生之限，故"明九"或"暗九"均为人生之"坎"，避讳有“九”之 岁。例如：“ 老太太因明年八十一岁，是个暗九。"(《红楼梦》)。日本人一般 认为"九"是"苦命和痛苦"的象征，因 为"九"与"苦"同音，因此忌讳 "九"。然而，《外语与外语教学》曾报道过国内一位学者曾为考证这一点 ，采 用"全选法"将日本某地电话号码其中的几千个姓和名分别进行统计，结果发现 将"九"作为姓的只占极 少数(约占)，而将"九"作为名的却不少(约 占35%)。看来，日本人忌讳"九"也并非绝对。 此外，《词源》中说："九：虚指多数。""九"作虚数解时，是数的一种 语义模糊现象。《现代汉语词 典》中，"九"的意思有三个：(1)数目，八加一 后所得;(2)从 冬至 起每九天是一个"九"，从一"九" 数起，二"九"、三 "九"，一直数到九"九"为止。冬练三九，夏练三伏;(3)表示多数或多次： 九泉，三 弯九转等。因此， 汉语中有不少和"九"有关的 成语 。如："九牛一 毛"、"九死一生"、"九牛二虎之力" 、"九流宾客"等等。 在我国，数字"九"涉及面在所有数字中最广。含有数字"九"的词汇也十 分丰富。如，"九州"是指传 说中的我国上古行政区划，后用作"中国"的代 称。因此，有的全国性的电视节目就取名为“九州方圆”;“ 九族"(the nine degrees of kindred: either thenine generations from one's great-great-gr andfather down toone's great-great-grandson;or four generations of one'spatemal relations, three generations of one's matemalrelations, and two generations of noe's wife's relatio ns)，古代有一种残酷的刑法叫"诛灭九族";古代传说 "龙生九子，各有所好"。因此，《红楼梦》第九回 中用"一龙生九种，种种各 别"来比喻贾氏家族族大人多，龙蛇混杂，好坏不一，各种各样的人都有。还有 " 九龙杯"等。此外，在文娱、体育等词汇中，数字"九"也比比皆是。如， 许多歌名都以"九"开头："九妹 "、"九九艳阳天"、"九百九十九朵玫瑰" 等;乐器中也有"九音锣";在体育活动中，"九柱戏"(nine pins)，兵器中 有"九节鞭"[但这与西方文化中的"九尾鞭”(cat-o '-nine- tails: an instrurnent of punishment so calledfrom the nine pieces of leather or cord which compose it)意义不大一样]。 地名中也有一些以"九"开头的，如"九 寨沟"、"九华山"、"九江"和"九龙"等。此外，中国人常把" 九"看成 为吉祥数字之一。在申请电话号码时，人们宁愿多出 钱去买一个尾数为"8"或 "9"的吉祥号码。比 如，湖南有线电视台的"欢乐热线"号码为"16899919"。 在西方，数字"九"也是人们心目中的"神数"之一。对西方人来说， "九"的象征意义是"神性"、 "神圣之至"。 英语权威字典Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary and Webster's ThirdIntema tional Dictionary 中 对"九"所解释的意义比《现代汉语词典》所解释的意义还多，分别有： 1)one more than eight, three threes, the square of three;2) nine units of objects (a tota l of nine) ; 3) a: thenumerable quantity symbolized by the arabic numeral 9; b: thefigure 9 ; 4) nine o'clock——compared Bell table, timeillustration; 5) the ninth size in a set series: as a; aplaying team of nine members, baseball team; b:the firstor last 9 hol es of an 18-hole golf course…。 其中收入与"九"有关词语和成语多达近二十条。常用的有： a nine-day's wonder (an object or event that creates ashort-lived sensation) ____Those political expositions…that make a nine day'snine wonder till something fresh c omes alone——Mary Deasy. nine times out of ten(very often) be dressed up to the nines(elaborately dressed, as for aformal occasion) ____She dressed herself up to the nines and went to theparty. in the nineholes:in the difficult situation nine-men's morris: morris played with nine counters A cat has nine lives: A cat can move so fast and jump sowell that he seems to escape being killed many times. 从以上的解释还可以发现一个规律：数字"九"及其倍数在西方也被广泛运 用于文娱和体育活动中。如， 保龄球(bowling )中的瓶状木柱数(ninepins) 为"九"; 高尔夫球 球场有一十八个洞：跳子棋的棋板上各 方均为九个孔; 古 时英国还有一种九个男人一起跳的舞蹈(morrisdance)等。由此看来，数字"九" 也倍 受西方人的青睐。 总之，在东西方文化中，数字"九"含有以下主要共性： 1)东西方大多数人把数字"九"看成神秘的数字， 其象征意义均有"神 圣"之意。 2)在东西方文化中，数字"九"均可虚指多数。 3)数字"九"被广泛运用于文体项目中。 数字“九”在东西方文化中的个性恐怕主要在于：对中国人来说，其神奇色 彩要比西方人更浓;其象征意 义的历史在东方文化中比西方文化中更悠久;其 涉及面在东方文化中比西方文化中更广泛。 三、数字"九"的翻译问题 罗马西塞罗说过："翻译不是字当句对，而是保留语言的总风格和力 量。""按分量而不是按数量译词" 。此处所说的数字是指经过神化、泛化、 虚化了的"虚数"，"实数"的翻译不在此例。根据这一理论，结合 东西方文 化的共性与个性，可采用如下的翻译方法，并遵循以下的翻译原则。 可采取的翻译方法主要有： (一)保留原数字 . We thought our cat would be killed when he fell fromthe roof of the house. He was not, he used up one of his ninelives. 我们以为我们的猫从屋顶掉下来会死了，它并没死，只失掉九条命中的一条。 这样翻译过来，人们很容易接受，因为人们已熟悉"猫有九命"这个成语， 并能够促进东西方文化的融合 。 (二)转换成各民族喜爱的数字 out of ten——十之八九 nine days' wonder———可翻译为"昙花一现"， 这样翻译可以加深对奈 达的"对等"和纽马克的"转 换"翻译理论的理解。 (三)增舍数字 比如，"九死一生"可翻译成"a narrow escape from death;survival after many hazards";又如 ，"九九归一，还是他说的话对。"可翻译成"All things considered,what he says is right."其译文均 舍弃了数字，转译其 形象意义。 应遵循的原则主要有： (一)民族性原则 比如，汉语中的"费了九牛二虎之力"，《汉英词典》(外研社，1996)的译 文有三个："strain onese lf to the limit; use everyounce of one's strength; make herculean efforts"。笔者认为第二种译文 "use every ounce of one's strength "更符合"民族性原则”，成功地将东方文化中该成语的比喻意义转 化成了西方文化语言中的形象意义。 (二)习语性原则 比如："匡超人此时恍若亲见瑶宫仙子，月下嫦娥，那魂灵都飘到九霄云外 去了。"(《儒林外史》)， 其译文为"Kuang felt that he was gazing at a goddess and his spirit had flown to heaven."这种译 文因遵循了"习语性原则"， 充分地体现了人类交际行为的一个最根本原则——语言——符号的经济原则。 (三)形象性原则 数字用于模糊意义时，一般都失去了其数量意义而具有形象意义。翻译时， 必须越出其理性意义而捕捉其 与 其它 的词结合后所产生的形象意义。 比如："飞流直下三千尽，疑是银河落九天(李白)。"此句诗中的"九天" 的形象意义为"极高的天空 "，因此，可翻译成"Down itcascades a sheer three thousand feet—As if the Silver River [. the Milky. Way]were falling from heaven!"猜你喜欢： 1. 毕业英语论文范文 2. 英美文学毕业论文优秀范文 3. 商务英语专业毕业论文范文 4. 大学英语毕业论文范文 5. 英语专业论文范文 6. 本科英语专业论文范文

英语毕业论文答辩稿范文（精选8篇）

一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束，我们毕业前都要通过最后的`毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式，快来参考毕业论文是怎么写的吧！下面是我帮大家整理的英语毕业论文答辩稿范文，希望对大家有所帮助。

Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.

With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.

Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.

With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.

Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.

For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.

In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.

Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.

Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.

Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words. Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all. Thank you.

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.

I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.

Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.

Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems

Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.

Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.

Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.

Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style

in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.

Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!

I will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!

Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m *** and come from class *. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.

Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.

Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.

Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.

For the above facts, I select this title.

Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.

The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.

The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.

The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.

The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.

The last part is the conclusion.

I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.

When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.

That’s all. Thank you.

语言不仅是思维和交际的工具,同时也是社会 文化 的反应,并制约人们的思维。下文是我为大家整理的关于英语语言文化论文 范文 的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!关于英语语言文化论文范文篇1 浅探习语语言在英语中文化要素 1 历史发展的文化要素 在历史发展的长河中，由于受民族迁徙、异域民族入侵、民族内部战争等因素的影响，语言被烙上了清晰的印痕。作为富含深层文化内涵的英语习语，更是深受这些因素的影响。在英国历史上，英法两个国家战争不断，其中以英法七年战争和英法百年战争最为著名，法国文化对英国文化影响很大，成为现代英语的三大来源之一。 例如习语French leav(e不辞而别)、French frie(s炸薯条)、stew in one’s own juic(e自作自受)等。其中Frenchleave 指在 18 世纪的法国流行一种参加宴会的客人不向主人告辞而自行离去的习俗。而在法语中，也有“英国式告辞(不辞而别)”之说。这也是两国人相互调侃的方式之一。历史上罗马人曾经统治英国达四百年之久，古罗马文化对英国文化的影响烙印深刻。英语中受古罗马文化影响的习语俯拾皆是，像Do in Rome as the Romans do(入乡随俗)、Rome was not built in a da(y冰冻三尺，非一日之寒)等。历史上英国和荷兰为争夺海上的霸主地位，两个国家在短短 26 年(1652 年至 1678 年)中就进行了2 次战争，双方胜负各半。 为了发泄对战争失败的不满，英国人喜欢把交战国的名称赋予某种贬义加以丑化。诸如习语I’m a Dutchman， if..(.如果我……，我就不是人)、beat the Dutc(h了不起)、Dutch uncl(e严厉训斥者)等都是英国人讽刺荷兰人粗鲁、莽撞无礼的最好例证。到近代，两次世界大战和一些地区的局部冲突，都对英语产生了影响。习语the fifth colum(n第五纵队)就产生于这一时期。1936 年 10 月，西班牙首都马德里受到德国法西斯军队和西班牙叛军的联合进攻，在进攻前的动员大会上，西班牙叛军将领Emilio Mola公开宣称，叛军和德国联军的四个纵队正在向马德里展开猛攻，并且他的第五纵队也已经在马德里城内展开活动。后来英语习语the fifthcolumn 专门用来指代被别国收买了而颠覆自己国家的叛徒或别国派入的间谍。 2 岛国地理环境中“海的文化”要素 自然环境对文化的形成也有直接的影响。“特定文化的表达方式是由特定的地理环境造就的”。(王葆华，2010)英国岛国四面环海，英语习语的形成深受这种特殊的“海的文化”影响。大多数英国人以 捕鱼 为生，因此鱼是日常生活中的主要食品。和鱼相关的习语在英语中俯拾皆是，像nEither fish nor fow(不伦不类)、The best fish swimnear the bottom(好货难求)、cool fis(h怪人)、fish in the air(缘木求鱼)、There are plenty more fish in the se(a天涯何处无芳草)等。 长期海上生活中积累的 经验 也反映在习语语言中，如know the rope(s掌握窍门)、cut and ru(n三十六计走为上)、take the wind out of someone’s sai(l先发制人)、sail under false colour(s假冒伪劣)等。其中 sail under falsecolours 指中世纪海盗猖獗期间，海盗船上常常悬挂假旗号，以便于接近其他船只而不引起对方的警惕。后来人们就用此习语指代“假装”或“冒充”的东西。此外，习语carry coals to Newcastl(e多此一举、画蛇添足)来历是指煤都纽卡斯尔的煤矿储量丰富，如果生意人想运送煤碳到这个城市的话，那肯定会血本无归。由于岛国上的可耕土地很少，所以英国人特别注重畜牧业的发展，畜牧业中也留下了很多与之相关的习语。 比如lose one’swoo(l大发雷霆)，因为羊毛能给牧羊人带来客观经济效益，如果没有了羊毛，也就断了财路，人当然平静不了。再比如Much cry and little woo(l雷声大，雨点小)，指的是羊叫起来声音很大，但产出的羊毛却很少。 3 风俗习惯的文化要素 作为一种特定的社会现象，风俗习惯是“一个群体的习惯和准则的总和，群体人员的创造和遵循是其存在的前提基础”。(Worsley， 2008)身处在特定的社会风气和传统习惯的氛围之中，人们的日常生活不但受到影响，语言也必然会体现出这些影响。例如习语let one’s hair down(身心轻松)就是英国早期习俗的体现。 古时英国的妇女不论地位高低，在任何场合都把自己的头发梳洗得整整齐齐，但是当她们回到家中独自一人时，为了身心的放松，就把头发披散下来，习语“身心放松”的含义由此产生。另一个例子是来源于中世纪的英国生活习俗，在餐桌中间往往放置的是盐器，宾主落座时，盐器上首坐的是贵宾，而下首坐的是一般客人或随从，习语above the sa(lt德高望重的地位)和below the sa(lt无足轻重的地位)由此产生。 面包、牛奶、黄油和奶酪是英国人日常食物的主要组成部分，习语中也体现出了这些食品的重要地位，如bread and butter(生计之需)、bread and chees(e日常食品)、take the bread outof someone’s mou(th抢某人的饭碗)、like a hot knife throughbutte(r易如反掌)、cry over spilt mil(k覆水难收)、half a loaf isbetter than no brea(d聊胜于无)等。 4 宗教信仰的要素影响 文化的一个不可或缺的组成部分就是宗教信仰，它渗透到人类的精神生活、社会生活和语言交际体系中。早在公元 3 世纪初，英国就设立了__教会，因此大多数英国人信仰基督__信上帝。祈求上帝保佑时，英国人会用手指在胸前划十字，口中说God bless me ;骂人时说God damn you ;不愿意某事发生时说God forbid ;人死了说depart to God。在信徒的眼中，上帝无所不能，一切万物、包括人类在上帝面前都微不足道。 习语Manproposes， God dispose(s谋事在人，成事在天)充分体现了这种思想。直接来自《圣经》中的 故事 和比喻的习语也有很多，如来自《旧约·但以理书》第五章的习语handwriting on the wal(l不祥之兆)说的是巴比伦王伯沙撒(Belshazzar)继承了父亲的王位后穷奢极欲、荒淫无度。一日，他邀大臣一千多人在宫中狂饮，许多金银器皿被拿出来待客，席间宫墙上突然有一手伸出来并写下三个神秘的词，大家看后无人能解，于是赶紧把先知但以请来来解字。但以解释说 ：你的统治地位已结束，你的国度将倾裂。果然，当夜伯沙撒就遇刺身亡。类似来自《圣经》的习语还有很多，如make bricks without straw(巧妇难为无米之炊)、at the eleventh hou(r关键时刻)、theparting of the way(s紧要关头)、in sackcloth and ashe(s悲痛忏悔)等。 5 神话寓言的要素影响 世界 文化不仅相通，而且相互影响。“ 英语的 发展史是外来词汇的变异积累过程，也是受民族的 文学作品逐渐浸润、融合、变异的进化过程。”(Herrnst Ein， 2009)民族神话、 传说 和 寓言故事 在 语言的发展变化过程中都留下了深深的烙印。希腊罗马神话和伊索寓言是影响英语习语的两大主要文化要素。 古希腊是西方文明的发源地，希腊神话的最大特点是“兼具人之外形和情感的神令自然人悟其之渺小”。(Turner，2009)古罗马神话是由古希腊神话发展变化而来，到公元前的最后 3 个世纪，罗马诗人维吉尔(Virgil)、奥维德(Ovid)把希腊神话的内容移植到罗马神话中，把希腊神话里的人物名称换成罗马使用的拉丁文名称，创作出希腊—罗马神话的结合体。 英语习语中有许多就是直接来自这种结合体。例如under theros(e严守秘密)这个习语指的是一天，爱与美之女神维纳斯(Venus)在不惑之年还背着丈夫、儿子与情人偷偷幽会，不料刚好被沉默之神哈坡克拉提斯(Harpocrates)无意中撞见。维纳斯的儿子丘比特(Cupid)知道这件事后非常气愤，但又怕此事传出去后对父亲和自己不利，苦思良久后心生一计，他摘下一朵美丽的玫瑰花送给哈坡克拉提斯，肯求他不要把这件事声张出去，沉默之神对丘比特发誓会严守秘密。还有类似的习语如the web ofPenelop(e永远完不成的任务)、sword of Damocle(s随时到来的危险)、Pandora’s Bo(x万恶之源)、apple of discor(d争斗起因)、Achilles’hee(l致命弱点)等都来自希腊罗马神话。 寓言是习语的另一个主要来源，“寓言在流传的过程中被浓缩并升华为习语”。英语习语的重要来源是《伊索寓言》，如习语dog in the mange(r损人不利己)讲的是有一只愚笨之极狗，由于它自己不能吃马槽里的干草，便向正在津津有味吃草的马嚎叫，也不让马吃草的故事。类似的习语还有sour grape(s酸葡萄)、cry wol(f虚张声势)、a wolf in sheep’s clothin(g伪装友善的敌人)、nourish a viperin one’s bosom(养奸护恶)等。 6 文学作品的文化要素 出自文学巨匠笔下精彩的故事情节、富有教益的哲理和涵义深刻的词句常常成为习语的另一个重要的素材来源。文学语言对习语的来源贡献在于以下四个方面“精彩词句、故事情节、鲜明人物和历史习语”。 (徐振忠，2010)莎士比亚的作品是公认的对英语习语贡献最多的来源之一。莎士比亚作品的习语大体可分为两类 ：一种来自剧作的故事情节 ;一种来自作品的词句。莎士比亚剧作中的人物性格鲜明，情节生动，剧中内容常常被引申成为习语。如hoist by one’s own petar(d害人反害己，搬起石头砸自己的脚)出自《哈姆雷特》[3 幕、4 场 ]，早期的炸药箱被称作petard，战争是用于炸开敌人坚固的城池。但由于当时的爆破技术还很不成熟，引爆人点燃炸药后还没等自己撤离，炸药就爆炸了，结果当然是引爆人与敌人同归于尽了。 类似的习语还有one’s pound offles(h合法但不合理的要求)、a horse of a different colou(r另外一回事 ;截然不同)等。莎士比亚作品语言简洁优美、寓意深刻，许多习语就是直接来自作品的词句。如bay atthe moo(n空嚷、徒劳)在《裘里斯 · 凯撒》第四幕第三场里的原文是 ：I had rather be a dog， and bay the moon。原文中bay 被用作及物动词，而现代英语倾向于用作不及物动词，因此加了介词at。类似的习语还有flutter the dovecotes(闹得鸡犬不宁)《[柯里奥拉纳斯》]、paint the lil(y多此一举)《[约翰王》]、the world is someone’s oyste(r随心所欲)《[温莎的娘儿们》]、thereby hangs a tal(e说来话长)《[驯悍记》]等。 英国文坛还有其他许多对世界文学有较大影响的文学巨匠，如乔叟、米尔顿、柯勒律治、拜伦、狄更斯等。他们的作品也对英语习语产生了很大的影响。如习语albatross round soneone’s nec(k提醒某人不犯错误之物)出自柯勒律治的长诗《老水手之歌》。 信天翁是一种海鸟，可以在睡觉时翅膀不煽动并浮在空中，据说随便杀死信天翁会招致厄运。柯勒律治的诗歌中讲述了一位水手由于自己的大意，射杀了一只信天翁，结果在航行途中他麻烦不断，还差点丧命。后来他才悟出个中的缘由，上岸后他把那只信天翁的尸体挂在脖子上，以表达自己示忏悔的心情。来自文学作品的习语还有all hell breaks loose(闹翻天)(米尔顿，《失乐园》)、at sixs and seven(s杂乱无章)(乔叟，《特洛莱斯和克丽西德》)、mind one’s ey(e小心谨慎()狄更斯，《巴纳比·拉奇》)等。 结语 语言学家Hudson指出 ：“语言特征和文化特征常常难分彼此”。(Hudson， 2011)习语的形成与其语言所属的民族文化更是密不可分，“文化是孕育培植习语的温床”(McMordie， 2006)，如果对习语的文化背景没有认真的研究，就难以理解它们其中的深刻含义。本文只从六个方面粗略讨论了影响习语形成的文化要素，以期希望对英语习语 爱好 者在今后的学习过程中正确理解习语的文化内涵和恰如其分地运用习语方面有所启迪和帮助。 关于英语语言文化论文范文篇2 浅析中学生英语语言文化意识的培养 摘要：语言意识的培养，在大学英语教学中较为广泛，但是在中学英语教学中较少提及。我国小学已普遍开设英语课程，中学生已具备一定的英语基础，培养学生的语言意识是有可行的。良好的语言意识有利于学生将来的 英语学习 ，学习者能更好地运用英语，减少交际中的障碍，并进行成功交际，培养学生语言意识是有必要的。本文主要从建构理论，认知的过程出发，并结合我国中学英语教学的实际，说明在中学英语教学中培养语言文化意识的重要性，以及如何培养学生的语言文化意识。 关键词：英语教学;文化知识;语言意识培养 1.引言 传统的中学英语教学，侧重于单词和语法等语言知识点的教学，它培养的是学生某一方面的技能。但是语言的学习是为了运用，交际，从这一角度来看，传统英语教学的弊端突显出来。 根据认知语言学，语言意识指语言的固有能力来处理信息，是洞察语言本质和功能的语言能力。本文中的语言意识，在中学英语教学过程中，将表现为是由文化、政治、社会和习俗等方面组成的。 语言是文化的载体，学习一种语言，不仅仅要掌握语言点知识，培养听、说、读、写、译的基本技能，更重要的是学习蕴含于语言之中的文化现象和文化背景知识，包括政治，经济，文化等多方面，从而培养英语思维。语言意识的培养正是这一要求的体现。语言是交流的工具，有一定的语言意识，了解目的语的文化背景知识， 思维方式 ，交际也就更能达到理想效果。 2.文化与语言的关系 文化通常被定义为在一定的社会或者社会一部分范围内流行的一套价值观念和信仰，是一个社会的整个生活方式，一个民族的全部活动方式。语言是人类生活的重要组成部分。(王建坤，2008)徐行言在《中西文化比较》(2004)中，对文化的理解与概括分为一下几个方面： 把文化看作是一个包含多层次、多方面内容的综合体，用它来概括人类创造和积累起来的全部物质与精神财富以及人们的生活方式。把文化理解人类精神现象或观念形态的总和;强调文化作为人的社会行为与习俗的意义;把文化视作人类的艺术活动及富有仪式性的民俗活动的概括;把文化理解为一个社会的传统行为形式或全部社会遗产。 根据裴文的表述，语言与文化的关系分为以下几种(参见王建坤，2008)：(1)语言是一种文化;(2)语言是文化的工具;(3)语言是文化传播的载体;(4)语言是文化的形式;(5)语言与文化相互作用。由此可见离开了内容，离开了语言的内涵，就谈不上语言。语言学习需要和文化学习结合起来，语言教学的同时也必须了解文化，这样才能真正地更好地运用语言。 3.从建构主义看语言中的文化教学 建构主义是认知理论的一个分支，是学习理论的一个分支，是学习理论中行为主义发展到认知主义以后的进一步发展。最早由瑞士著名心理学家皮亚杰(J. Piaget)于20世纪60年代提出。(范琳，2003)一般认为，建构主义学习理论源于皮亚杰，后经布鲁纳、维果茨基等教学 教育 心理学家不断发展和完善。 建构主义是源自 儿童 认知发展的理论，由于个体的认知发展和学习过程密切相关，因此利用建构主义可以较清楚地说明学习过程的认知规律。建构主义认为，学习不是信息简单地从外到内的单项输入，而是通过新信息与学习者原有的知识经验双向的相互作用而实现的。 我们所说的语言文化意识的培养，正是基于此，培养学生的文化意识，在教学中进行一定的文化导入。文化导入是一种通过引导的方式让学生主动建构语言与文化知识的一种 方法 ，促进学生的英语综合运用能力的提高。该方法主张教师在一定的教学环境中，对学生进行引导，激发学生的思考，促进学生主动进行新信息和原有知识的建构，从而培养学生对文化的敏感性，以及处理文化信息的灵活性，最后获得综合运用英语能力的提高。 4.培养语言文化意识是跨文化交际能力的需要 由于技术的发展，旅游的兴旺，经济和政治体系变化，移民方式的改变，人口增长等原因，人们与来自不同文化背景的人的交流日益增多;人们日益认识到文化会对交流产生微妙和深刻的影响。我们学习语言就不可避免地接触到所学语言国家的交际文化。在不同民族和国家的文化中，既有共性也存在差异，而这些差异是由于历史文化背景、地理环境、传统习惯和思维方式的不同，在语言表达上表现为差异，这些差异的存在可能妨碍文化和语际的正常交流。 英语的学习最终的目的是交流和交际，是为了更好的跨文化交流，将中国博大精深的文化传播出去，吸收外国文化的精华。在教学中渗透文化意识，了解英语国家文化，有助于提高学生的交流能力和跨文化交流能力，克服与不同文化背景中的人们相互理解过程中的障碍，促进交际的成功。 5.交际教学法的弊端 巴克斯(2004，参见孙鸣，2007)认为，业内人士大都默认为：交际法不仅是先进的方法，而是唯一正确的学习语言的方法。根据语言学家威多森(Widdowso ，H. G. 1991,参见孙鸣，2007)对交际教学法的分析与评价，交际教学法注重让学习者用语言做事，表达观念和完成各种交际行为。 它强调“做”、“自然学习”和“自然语言使用”，在学习如何得体地使用语言的过程中，学习者会不经意地学习语言，通过“做”而“知”。交际教学法所关注的是给学习者创造使用该语言的条件和情景，而不是我国现阶段英语教学的词句和语法。 从认知角度来看，外语学习的认知过程始于陈述性知识。陈述性知识是有关某物是事实的知识，是人有意识掌握的、可以陈述的、以命题方式储存在大脑中的事实、概念、或观念构成的信息。(孙鸣，2007)心理语言学研究表明，语言的使用是以认知为基础的(桂诗春，2002，参见孙鸣，2007)语言的认知设计陈述性知识，而语言的使用则涉及程序性知识。 近几年，交际教学法盛行于我国英语教学中。结合我国英语教学的实际，交际教学法的不足之处日益显现出来。交际教学法所主张的由“做”而“知”， 忽视了外语学习认知过程中陈述性知识的作用，不符合外语学习认知过程及其规律，并不适合我国英语教学环境。 而提倡在教学中进行文化渗透，培养学生语言文化意识，更符合外语学习认知的过程及规律，语言的认知过程和认知结构需要有文化的参与。

英语方言毕业论文范文高中

英语毕业论文答辩稿范文（精选8篇）

一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束，我们毕业前都要通过最后的`毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式，快来参考毕业论文是怎么写的吧！下面是我帮大家整理的英语毕业论文答辩稿范文，希望对大家有所帮助。

Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.

With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.

Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.

With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.

Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.

For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.

In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.

Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.

Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.

Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words. Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all. Thank you.

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.

I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.

Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.

Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems

Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.

Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.

Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.

Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style

in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.

Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!

I will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!

Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m *** and come from class *. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.

Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.

Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.

Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.

For the above facts, I select this title.

Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.

The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.

The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.

The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.

The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.

The last part is the conclusion.

I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.

When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.

That’s all. Thank you.

下面是我整理的高中英语 议论文 范文 ，欢迎大家阅读!

高中英语议论文范文：The Olympic Games

The Olympic Games, first held in 776BC, has a history of more than one thousand years. The modern Games is held every four years. Many countries try their best to bid for hosting the Olympic Games. And every country does its best to get more medals in the Games.

There are five rings on the Olympic flag, which are considered to symbolize the five continents: Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania and America. The Olympic motto is: "Swifter, higher, stronger." The Games can promote the understanding and friendship among different peoples and different nations.

高中英语议论文范文：Internet Changes Life

Internet Changes Life

Globally, we have moved from a culture centered on network television, cable, AM and FM radio and telephone into a digital society with mass media,streaming information, intelligent shift to a digital economy, best demonstrated by the explosive growth of the Internet, is transforming everyday products and expressed in soft wares, chips, communication systems, financial institutions and mass media have enormous leverage emails and online shopping, the Internet promises to change dramatically huge spectrum benefits can be well illustrated in the following aspects.

在全球范围内，我们已经从一个 文化 中心为网络电视，有线电视，AM和FM收音机，电话的社会进入到以大众媒体，信息流，智能计算机的数字社会。转变 成数字经济，最明显体现在互联网的爆增，它正在改变日常产品和实践。思想体现在软件，芯片，通信系统，金融机构和大众媒体拥有巨大的全球影响力上。除了电 子邮件和网上购物，互联网还承诺大改光谱活动。它的好处可以在以下几个方面说明。

In the first place, it contributes to escape us from laborious work, save our time, facilitate our , with computer’s extensive reach into every corner of the world, a perspective of human life can be shown only with a single matter where we are, in school, business workshops, operating rooms, labs, banks of halls of government, the Internet appears to reflect a perspective of human , computer profits us by relaxation and entertainment it provides.

首先，它有助于我们摆脱费力的工作，节省时间，方便了我们的生活。其次，计算机的广泛延伸到世界的每个角落，只需一个单一的按键就可以透视人类生 活。不管我们在哪里，在学校，企业车间，手术室，实验室，银行政府大厅，因特网似乎都可以反映人类生活。此外，电脑不仅提供放松和娱乐还有利润。

But on the other hand, some people debate that it is also inconvenient, waste the time, isolated us from people, and make our lives more people repair the most sophisticated computer but can’t mend a pair of in fact, computer collapse the distances and demolishes all computer is a blessing or a curse, depends on

高中英语议论文范文：My View on Mistakes

Mistakes are something done, said, or believed, as a result of wrong thinking or understanding, lack of knowledge or skills. No one is perfect, and no one never makes any mistakes.

Because many people are afraid of making mistakes, they don't believe, say or do much. They behave like this just because they want to make no mistake. As I said, it's impossible, Being afraid of making mistakes is a mistake through mistakes can there be discovery or progress. Making mistakes for pursuing truth is much better than doing nothing. Failure is the mother of success. Many scientists may make a great number of mistakes before they make any discovery. If we humans didn't make mistakes, we would make no progress and still live a primitive life.

Mistakes are the best teachers who guide us through difficulties. Don't let mistakes scare you. Let's learn from mistakes.

高中英语议论文范文：自律不容易

When people are in the public, they have the sense that they should not speak loudly in the public place and they should not jump the line and so on, these are rules for them, though it is not the law makes it, but the power of morality. Self-behave seems easy to do, but when the great temptation comes, self-behave will be changed quickly.

当人们身处公共场所的时候，他们意识到不应该在公共场合大声说话和不应该插队等等，这些是规则，虽然法律没有规定，但是这是道德的力量。自律看起来很容易做到，但是面对巨大的诱惑时，自律很快就会被打破。

It has been reported that in Hong Kong, a police car which was loaded with crash attracted many people to grab the money when the crash slipped down from the police car. It was such crazy, the money should be handed to the band, while on its way to the bank, people grabbed some and then left quickly. Two days later, the police found back most of the money, some people who refused to return the money were caught into the prison.

据报道，在香港，一辆装载着钱的警车，当现金从警车上滑下来的时候，吸引了很多人去抢。这是多么疯狂啊，钱本应该上交到银行，然而在运去银行的途中，人们拿走了一些，然后快速离开。两天以后，警察找回了大部分的钱，一些拒绝还钱的人被抓到，并坐牢。

Self-behave is not easy, people are easy to obey the public rules on the small issues, while when the great temptation comes, these rules are easy to be broken. The one who can refuse to the great temptation can say he is totally self-behave.

自律不容易，人们很容易遵守关于小事的公共规则，然而当面临巨大诱惑的时候，这些规则很容易就会被打破。谁能拒绝大诱惑，谁就能说他是完全的自律。

高中英语议论文范文：

Nowadays, we can see some boys and girls who live in a small world of their own. They bury themselves among books and are proud of themselves. They think that it will make them lose their face if they do housework for they often think themselves very noble.

These young people are wrong. In my opinion every student should have a knowledge of housework. After all, they will have a family of their own, and they should do their part in keeping a good home. Boys should also learn to do housework, for what will they do if they remain single? Though not all boys remain single, yet they will be very helpful in the family if they know some housework. Anyhow they will not lose anything, but, on the contrary, they will gain something useful.

For what I said above, we can find some examples of our fellow-students studying abroad. All young men do housework as girls do. Someone would argue that we can employ servants. This is true. However, what shall we do if the servant leaves us and all things are left to ourselves? We just cannot leave our clothes as they are and let worms and ants eat them up. And what can we do it we go and study in a foreign country where servants are out our means to employ?

We must work for ourselves. Why not start to learn to do housework now or else it will be too late?Everyone should learn to do housework. What do you think about my idea?

以下是为大家整理的关于高中英语议论文范文及议论文指导的文章，供大家学习参考！ 写一篇以 About Examinations 为题的议论文。要求 200 个词左右。 提示： 1. 自从我上学以来不知经历了多少次考试。 2. 有人认为考试是老师的秘密武器，我却不以为然…… 3. 这是我国的制度问题，……要改革考试。 4. 建议必要处增加一些细节。 拟用词语： 1. magic weapon 秘密武器 2. reform the entrance system 改革考试制度 About Examination I don't remember how many examinations I've taken since I began my schooling. To tell the truth， I don't like examinations at all. I dare say that， in fact， no student likes examinations. We often hear people say “Examinations are teachers' magic weapon”， so most of us may think it is our teachers who give us students so many examinations. But I don't think so. Almost all of them have once been students before they became teachers. We don't like examinations， and neither do our teachers， which may be reasonably concluded. What's more， the more examinations we take， the more time will be taken from our teachers and the more trouble our teachers have to take. It is the system in our country， I think， that gives us students so many examinations. If there were no entrance examinations， and all the students could go up to the higher grades without competition， there would not be so many examinations in primary and middle schools. So it is important and necessary to reform the test system. Only in this way can examinations be greatly reduced， and then all the students will be happier.

英语方言毕业论文范文初中

一.关于本专业毕业论文的选题 英语专业本科生毕业论文选题可以在三个大的方向中进行，即英语文学，语言学和翻译学。各个大方向中又可以选择小的方向，具体解释如下：1.英语文学：选择英语文学的毕业论文选题可以从三个方向进行：国别文学研究、文学批评理论研究和比较文学研究。在进行国别文学研究选题时，一般选取英国文学或美国文学中的某一经典作家（如海明威），某一经典作品（如《双城记》），某一写作手法（如象征手法的运用）或某一文学思潮（如浪漫主义运动）作深入研究。但在选择作家或作品时最好选择在文学史上作为经典的作家或作品。有个别流行作家或作品极富盛名，容易引起学生的兴趣，如《飘》或《荆棘鸟》，学生有强烈愿望选择它们作为研究对象。在不可避免上述情况时，应该尽可能地挖掘作品内在的深刻含义，不能流于肤浅的分析。文学批评理论的选题一般不太适合英语专业本科生，因为该理论知识的学习在英语专业研究生阶段，本科生一般不具备文学批评理论的知识结构。这个方向的选题可以有关某一文学批评理论,一文学批评术语的阐释或某两种或以上的文学批评理论的比较。比较文学研究就是将两个以上的作家或作品进行比较。这两个作品或作家可以是同一国别的（如“雪莱与拜伦的诗歌比较”），也可以是不同国别的（如《牡丹亭》与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》）2.语言学：选择语言学的毕业论文选题可以在两个大的方向进行：普通语言学和应用语言学。普通语言学的研究就是对于英语语言的任何一个方面的研究，如对一种词性、或一种时态、或拼写、语调等等方面的研究（如“一般现在时及其交际功能”）。应用语言学包括教学法的研究和其它一些新兴的应用语言学分支的研究。师范专业或本身从事教师职业的学生选择教学法方向的较多。在这个方向选题，也要避免过大范围的选题，而应对一个具体问题进行研究，最重要的是要结合教学实践或实验。这个方向的好的选题有：“个性与英语教学”，“方言对英语学习的影响”等。3.翻译学：翻译学的选题一般可以在两个方向上进行：翻译理论以及翻译活动。对翻译理论的研究就是探讨某一种翻译理论等等。相比之下，对翻译活动的研究更多一些，这些选题可以是对一种语言现象的翻译、或一种修辞格的翻译的研究（如“汉语成语的英译”）。应该注意的是，在对翻译活动作研究时，往往需要某种翻译理论支撑，总结规律，并对这一活动作出评价，要避免仅仅时例子的罗列。

英语毕业论文答辩稿范文（精选8篇）

一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束，我们毕业前都要通过最后的`毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式，快来参考毕业论文是怎么写的吧！下面是我帮大家整理的英语毕业论文答辩稿范文，希望对大家有所帮助。

Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.

With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.

Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.

With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.

Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.

For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.

In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.

Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.

Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.

Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words. Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all. Thank you.

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.

I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.

Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.

Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems

Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.

Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.

Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.

Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style

in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.

Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!

I will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!

Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m *** and come from class *. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.

Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.

Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.

Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.

For the above facts, I select this title.

Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.

The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.

The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.

The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.

The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.

The last part is the conclusion.

I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.

When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.

That’s all. Thank you.

语言既是人类社会进行交际的重要工具，又是文化的重要组成部分，语言和文化密不可分。下文是我为大家整理的关于英语语言文化方面论文的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!

解读酒店英语中的语言文化

摘 要： 酒店服务人员应从与饭店英语相关的中西方文化知识出发，领会文化差异和语言差异，以矫正由于中西文化差异而带来的语言偏差，从而达到学习语言、吸收文化和服务客人的目的。

关键词： 酒店英语 语言文化 文化差异

一、引言

语言与文化密切相关，不同文化习惯的语言不可避免地会发生冲突，而跨文化语言沟通存在于涉外高星酒店服务的各个环节。因此，酒店英语不仅是语言知识的学习，而且是语言文化和交际技能的培训。语言的本质属性不是语言知识而是思维。当一个人不了解该语言所蕴涵的文化时，那必然会发生语用错误。

二、具有本质特性的酒店英语

酒店英语属旅游专业英语范畴，具有专业英语的针对性(pertinence)和服务英语的得体性(decency)。语言标准应为:明晰、通畅、表意得当。如：

Waiter:How would you like with your steak?Rare，medium or well-done?(请问您牛排要几成熟?三成，五成还是七成?)

Guest:Rare，please.(三成。)

通常，rare是“稀少”的意思;medium是“中间”的意思;well-done是“干得好”的意思。而出现在服务员为客人点菜的流程中，它的意思就非常具有专业英语的针对性了。语言学家吕叔湘先生对言语得体有这样的描述:“此时此地此人说此事，这样的说法最好;对另外的人在另外的场合说的还是这件事，这样的说法就不一定最好，就应使用另一种说法。”请看下面这组酒店客人和服务员之间的对话:

Guest:Hi，waiter，you speak beautiful English.

Waiter: Thank you，sir. Welcome to Holiday Inn.

Waiter顺应英语习惯欣然接受，而非按中文习惯去拒绝，说“No，no，My English is not good.”以示谦虚，否则只会使顾客感到莫名其妙，不知所云。由此看出，服务语言的得体性在酒店英语的情境应用中显现得淋漓尽致。

三、文化差异(Cultural Difference)在酒店英语中的体现

文化影响着语言学习的思维方式，因此中英两种语言文化交汇时，必然会发生冲突。语言学家曾指出:“在与外族人交谈时，本族人对于他们在语音和语法方面的错误较宽容。与此相反，违反说话规则被认为是不够礼貌的。因为本族人不大可能认识到社会语言学的相对性。”这种情况又被称之为“社交语用失误”，它主要是指由于文化背景差异，交际时出现语用习惯错误。在酒店服务岗位的英语使用时，中英文化的差异将会给酒店服务中的语言交流带来不便。

(一)招呼(Greeting)用语

按照中国的文化习惯，问候和打招呼时，常爱涉及对方本身，询问的内容显得十分具体。中国人见面打招呼时最喜欢用的口头语如：

“吃饭了吗?”(Have you finished your dinner?)

“上哪儿去?”(Where have you been?)

如果将上面的招呼用语拿来用在老外身上，定会令他们感到丈二和尚摸不着头脑。例如:在酒店，初次见面对一位英美女客人说：“Did you have your lunch?”她会感到非常诧异。因为在他们的文化里，这样打招呼是暗示邀请的意思。这也是酒店英语服务中服务人员要引以为戒的。

与之不同，英语国家人打招呼，通常以天气(weather)、健康状况(health)、体育(sports)或兴趣爱好(interest/hobby)作为话题。如：

What a lovely day!(今天天气真好呀!)

I like hiking，and you?(我喜欢徒步旅行，你呢?)

(二)介绍(Introduction)用语

中国人小学第一节英语课便学了“What’s your name?”这句话。而这句话伴随许多人长大，考过了四、六级，TOEFL，IELTS，但对于它在何种情况下使用却鲜有解释。实际上，英语国家的人在第一次见面时一般先把自己的名字告诉对方，如“I am ...”，对方会自然地说出自己的姓名。因此“I’m ...”这里可以直接译成“请问贵姓?”。即使在填写表格、面谈等场合需要问及姓名时，一般也只说“Your name，please?”或“May I have your name?”如果使用“What’s your name?”会有一种被审问的感觉。一般只有海关人员、警察采用这种问讯句式。因此酒店员工在客人check-in(入住登记)或check-out(办理退房)的时候，一定要注意礼貌而得体的问询，以免冒犯客人。

(三)称赞(compliment)和接受赞扬

在人际交往中，谦虚和低调是中国人崇尚的表达方式，常会用“哪里哪里”、“不行，差远了”来回应别人的夸奖。而西方人则认为实话实说才能友好往来，而会欣然接受来自他人的赞扬。也常用赞美作为交谈的话题，如赞美对方出色的工作等。面对客人的赞美，员工的回答应是:“Thank you.”如：

Guest:You did a good job!

Waitress:Ah，thank you.

(四)关于隐私(privacy)

在中国，初次见面询问对方年龄、婚姻、收入是很自然随意的事情。而倾向自我、独立和自由的英语国家的人，会认为这些内容涉及个人隐私。如：

Are you married?(你结婚了吗?)

What’s your salary?(你的薪水是多少?)

以上内容涉及个人隐私，服务员切忌问及客人此类问题。因此，当酒店员工对入住客人的基本情况不甚了解时，“Is your husband/wife with you?”或“How many children do you have?”这样的问话是不得体的。

(五)搭配词语(phrase)表达

搭配词语指词与词的横向组合关系。搭配是民族文化中约定俗成的，不能用中文的搭配思维去套用到英语里面。在酒店用语中经常用到的如:“红茶”英语为“black tea”，而“black coffee”用汉语表示为“不加糖的咖啡”;“红酒”在英语中是“wine”(不是red wine);而white wine中文也不译成“白酒”。因此在搭配词语运用时，同样要注意词汇表达中的文化内涵。

四、尊重语言文化、提高饭店英语应用能力

世界各民族由于历史渊源、思想方式、生活习性、审美观念、价值理念、宗教信仰等不同，从而产生了文化上的差异。语用能力的提高离不开目标语国家的文化因素，因此要增强文化意识、主动自觉地吸收并融入他人文化环境中。

在培养文化意识(culture consciousness)，理解语言内涵的同时，还应注重不同的文化有着不同的语用原则，注重词汇文化差异、句法文化差异及日常习俗文化差异来强化文化意识，为提高正确语用能力奠定基础。不能视酒店英语为简单的口语交流，必须增强对英语文化背景知识的学习，要树立英汉语言差异意识，懂得英语在不同语境中的应用，即掌握一些文化语用知识。

五、结语

综上所述，酒店服务人员应改掉以往只重视语言本身而忽视语言文化的不合理做法，把文化因素纳入语言之中，用英语进行有效得体的交际。努力培养文化习得意识并使文化的规范与语言技能的培养同步进行。不仅注意语言形式的正确，还要重视语言运用是否恰当。既要有母语和英语两种语言的对比语言学修养，又要有两国比较文化背景学方面的知识，这才是成为国际化酒店具有跨文化意识人才的首要条件。

参考文献：

[1]Denney 著.梁晓波，王才美，刘亚琴译.现代美国饭店经营与管理[M].湖南科技出版社，2001.

[2]鲍伯・里宾斯基著.李正喜译.专业酒水[M].大连理工大学出版社，2002.

[3]许元娜.提高大学生英语学习能力的研究[J].齐齐哈尔医学院学报，2009.

[4]刘燕婷.旅游英语情景体验式教学初探[J].淮北职业技术学院学报，2009，(2).

浅析美式英语语言文化特点分析

摘要：美国文化是崇尚自由、平等和自我的文化，其包容性十分强，具有多元化的民族融合性。其核心文化特征是追求人人平等和自我价值的实现。这些文化特征在美式英语文化中有着深刻的体现。文章结合美国文化的产生背景对其语言分析特点进行分析探讨。

关键词：美式英语;语言文化;特点

引言

美国文化是一种非常独特的民族文化。从世界文化的区域和类型来说，美国文化属于西方文化范畴。但与其他西方文化相比，美国文化有着许多迥然不同的地方，它不但有别于与其有着亲缘关系的英国文化。而且有别于它的邻国加拿大和其他欧洲国家的文化。语言与文化的关系是水乳交融、不可分割的。

首先，语言体现了文化。一方面，语言是文化的一部分。根据文化的狭义定义，文化是从社会习得的知识。而语言则是人类对客观事实的认识和感受的反应，属于人类文化的一部分。另一方面，语言是文化的载体。因为语言是人类思维和交流的工具，也是人类形成思想的中介。本文试图从美国英语所反映的移民文化、价值观念、新文化等方面来分析美式英语语言文化的形成特点。

一、美式英语的形成背景

美国英语的形成与发展与美国的移民历史所带来的文化大融合有着密切关系。17世纪初，英国开始在北美进行殖民活动，在北美建立多个殖民地，而在殖民地的通用语言就是英语。之后不断有欧洲人移民到这片大陆上。自殖民地时期，美国英语就在多民族的接触与融合中从异族的语言文化中吸取营养，充实内涵，加快语言的多元化发展，形成美国英语的独特的融合特征。德语、法语、西班牙语、荷兰语和印第安语、黑人语言等移民群体的语言词汇不断渗透到美国人使用的英语里。

另一方面，美国政治、经济、人口结构和社会生活的特殊性，推动了作为社会交际工具的语言美国英语的独立与发展。在词汇、语音和语法结构等方面有别于英国英语的民族语言，美国英语的形成关键在于这个民族在新的社会和生活环境中不拘一格地创造和使用新词。而美国英语中丰富的新词都是出现在普通大众的言谈之中。

由于美国新社会特有的力量和群众性语言占据优势，因此，在美国，语言影响的流程是由下而上发展的。在美国英语中，最贴近生活和最能反映平民要求与社会生活特征的是俚语，俚语是美国英语词汇的主要来源之一。方言和俚语一样分布广泛，来自社会各个阶层，是美国民族语言的生命源泉，既有浓厚的民族文化内涵，又有丰富的表现力和多样性，大量的方言和俚语使得美国英语在较短的时间内区别于英国英语而成为美利坚民族的民族语言。

二、美式英语的语言文化特点

1、个体主义价值观及其在美国英语中的表现

美国文化以个体为本位，个人主义在美国发展到登峰造极的地步，是美国价值观的核心。它的主要内容是通过自力更生达到自我实现。与它联系最紧密的是自由平等竞争。机会均等和个人自由是实现自我价值的基本保障，而竞争是实现个人价值的根本途径。美国人在创造自己文化的同时，也创造了许多表现个人主义的词汇。最有代表性的如：self-absorption(自我专注)、self-limitation(自我制约)、self-cultivate(自我修养)、self-conquest(自我战胜)、self-admiration(自我赞赏)、self-control(自我控制)、self-dependence(自立)、self-reliance(自我依靠)、self-responsibility(自我负责)、self-advancement(自我发展)、self-salesmanship(自我宣传)、self-fulfilling(自我实现)、self-protection(自我保护)等。个体主义价值观特别重视对个人空间和私生活的保护和尊重。"privacy"(隐私)一词在美国人的意识中占有异常重要的位置。无论是在生活空间还是在情感处理上，哪怕是对一个未成年的孩子，都会尊重对方的选择和隐私。

2、美国英语与印第安文化

土著印第安人是美洲大陆最早的定居者，他们的祖先是具有亚洲蒙古人血统的游牧狩猎者，他们于后冰川时代跨过白令海峡来到北美大陆。从美国英语中可以找出许多反映印第安文化的词语。如山川、河流、湖泊等。美国英语吸收了约有2000个左右的印第安词语。

印第安人善于狩猎并拥有种植的技艺，因此很多动物和植物的名称都来自印第安语。如mose(麋)、pecan(美洲核桃)等。美国各州的名称，有一半是来自印第安语。如密苏里州(Missouri)、俄勒冈州(Oregon)、密西根州(Michigan)、马萨诸塞州(Massachusetts)、犹他州(Utah)等。另外，许多与印第安人的部落关系、生活方式、宗教习俗、农作物以及社会机构有关的词也来自印第安语。

3、美国英语使用的通俗化和标新立异的意识

美国人在词语的使用上有通俗化的特点，他们不喜欢咬文嚼字，说话力求形象、易懂。最能体现美国人用词通俗化的是美国俚语。美国俚语是平民百姓的语言，虽通俗形象不矫揉造作，但有些也难免流于粗俗，这些粗俗的俚语不宜登大雅之堂。但有时为了避免语言单调和落入俗套，上流人物甚至总统也敢离径叛道。贵为总统，出言粗俗，无非是想表明自己敢于向常规与正统挑战，在语言表达上突出自己的粗犷个性和创新意识。

汽车文化是美国社会的显著特点，美国人经常借用汽车的商标来比喻其他产品的质量和等级。如，美国Ford汽车公司曾生产一种滞销的Edsel牌汽车，于是，Edlse就常被用来比喻为"彻底失败的产品或人"。

结语

美国英语丰富多彩，反映了美国文化的千姿百态。而且，美国英语的每一个演变都有其社会背景和文化内涵，是与美国社会的发展齐头并进的。它们真实地反映了美国社会的发展历程，是美国各个历史时期社会活动和文化思潮的折射。在美国英语中，不仅蕴藏着美利坚民族特有的传统文化、价值观念和性格特征，而且也突出地体现了语言的时代特征。

参考文献

[1]李正国.从美国地名浅析美式英语来源[J].内蒙古民族大学学报.2007(03)

[2]陈凌.美国文化在英语中的投影[J].广西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版).2001(02)

[3]张莉娟.美国英语所反映出的美国文化[J].陕西教育学院学报.2007(01)

汉语言方言毕业论文范文

汉语言文学是一门有关语言的专业,其对语言文字的修养及其能力也是相对较高的。下文是我为大家整理的关于汉语言文学的毕业论文范文的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!

浅谈重视汉语言文学专业教学

【摘要】汉语言文学专业不是应用型较强的专业，为适应当前的就业形式，本文提出从两个角度指导该专业的教学：从实用性的角度，优化课程，强化学生的专业知识结构和强化课程应用性，提高学生本专业的应用能力;从创新的角度，突破专业限制，进行教学内容创新，并重视学生创新思维的构建。这有利于提高学生的专业素质，丰富他们的知识结构，增强其在社会立足的本领。

【关键词】汉语言文学;专业人才;教学探讨

汉语言文学专业的教学特点

汉语言文学专业很难和一些实用性较强的专业，如工程、建筑、医学、会计等一样获得准确的职业定位，更是很难直接和应用型人才挂钩。它作为传统的人文学科，是体现人文精神的最直接的载体，担当着传承与提升全民语言与文化素质的重任[1]。其主干内容是中外的优秀文学文化遗产，而核心内容则是对人类生存意义和价值的关怀，是对自身、他人、集体、民族、国家，乃至对人类的一种认识与社会责任感。为此，汉语言文学专业的教学特点在于：所培养的学生主要是从事人的工作的，注重培养学生的人文素养;教学不体现在应用性，而是体现在对社会观念与精神取向的影响上;不注意直接创造可以计量的经济效益，而在于创造无法用数字统计出来的社会效益等。由于社会的进步和当前就业压力的增大，教学实用主义成为了教学的主要目标，对于汉语言文学专业教学而言，也必须进行一些必要的改革，在保持传统的基础之上，积极和社会接轨。

2用实用性理念指导专业教学

《中国大学生就业》杂志给出该专业的就业方向为教师、各类编辑职务、文秘、文案策划人员等。但事实上，该专业的毕业生就业岗位大多集中在政府机关、教育科研、新闻出版、企业公司等中国单位，还有少数人涉足律师、房地产、金融外贸等新兴行业。由此可见汉语言文学专业具有较宽的职业适应性，但同时，由于相关行业存在文秘、新闻、广告、公共管理专业的毕业生，造成了对他们较大的冲击力。从现实意义来看，从实用性的角度指导教学应注意：

优化课程，强化学生的专业知识结构。汉语言文学专业课程包含现代汉语、古代汉语、中国现当代文学、中国古代文学等十余门课程，有必要从以下三个角度对课程进行优化：精简课程内容，每门课都要根据对本领域最新知识结构的分析来设计教学内容，强化核心内容;优化课程结构，按照学科发展的当下高度来考虑学科基础，设计课程内容体系;整合各课程之间的内容，避免内容交叉重复，如写作学和文学概论中的文体学知识。

强化课程应用性，提高学生本专业的应用能力。以就业的观点指导教学改革，就必须讲求专业的实用性，只有这样学生才能在社会上立足。结合该专业学生的就业方向，对汉语言文学专业学生的核心竞争力，即现代“读”、“写”、“说”这三个方面的能力，必须加以强化[2]。该专业的实用性教学应体现在五个方面：古今各种文体的阅读能力，现代各类文体的写作能力，口头表达能力，语文教学能力，信息调研能力等。学校和教师必须精心设置课程体系，安排教学内容，形成本专业课程的应用模块，通过系统的应用技能课程的设置，以保证学生在学校能够提高这五个方面的能力，获得将来从事语言文字工作的应用能力，成为汉语言文学专业的应用型人才。

3用创新的理念指导专业教学

创新包括教学内容创新，教学方法创新，教学思维创新等。本文强调：

突破专业限制，进行教学内容创新。该专业的学生就业范围较广，但往往不精，竞争力上不如其他专业学生。鉴于该专业的特殊性，教学过程中不必过分拘泥于语言与文学本身，而可以结合汉语言文学的历史发展与就业现状，对学生进行相关职业技能的培养。事实上很多新专业如新闻、广告、文秘，甚至公共管理基本上都是从汉语言文学这个专业发展而来的。因此，在保证专业根基扎实的前提下，应打破人为设定的专业界限，以便更大限度地发挥汉语言文学的专业优势。如教育与教学、新闻传播、文秘与公关、社区文化管理、广告文案等等都可以设计成汉语言文学专业的应用模块，学生通过这些模块的学习获得动手能力和从业能力。

重视学生创新思维的构建。汉语言文学专业本身要求学生具备丰厚的东方文化底蕴。该专业有极强的文化特征，其教学直接影响学生对汉语的感情，对东方文化的亲合及从中汲取创新精神动力，并影响学生创新素质的形成。因此汉语言教学中必须重视对学生创新思维的构建[3]。首先，教师应有强烈的创新教育意识，思想上要勇于开拓，力求提出独特的、新的教育活动思路，行为上善于探索，潜心实验，不断总结和不断进取。在教学中不能满足做文化的传声筒，要适当的通过文化评论等多种方式激发学生的思维，并对社会文化现象进行思考，如博客，新媒体等多种文化传播方式都可以成为学生思考的问题。其次要勤于思敏于行，发展创新思维能力。教师应以其丰富的知识做背景，在教学中不断抛出新观点，给学生以震撼，激励他们也去发现、思考、创新。可以说汉语言文学专业教师必须在不讷于言的同时，还要敏于行。沉默寡言不是该专业的个性，只有言行结合，才能让学生让自己更自信，更有思考的动力。

参考文献

[1]伍建华.汉语言文学专业应用型人才培养的基本思路[J].2008,(11):204-205.

[2]陈吉猛.汉语言文学专业人文应用型人才培养模式初探[J].中国电力教育,2008,(9):74-76.[3]丁琴海.大学人文教育的几点思考[J].国际关系学院学报,2007,(3).

解析汉语言文学教学方式创新

摘 要：对于汉语言文学的陈旧的教学方法进行实施改革办法，对于现阶段的素质教育有着非常重要的保证，要求教师在教授基础知识以及讲解的过程中，还要对于学生自身的人文关怀进行加强，对于中华民族悠久灿烂的文化资源进行发展利用，做到学生在对课本知识进行学习的时候，还可以对自身的认知能力进行提高，提高自身的人文素质，成为国家未来发展的栋梁。

关键词：汉语言文学;教学方式;创新

1 导言

随着现代科技的不断发展，给当前的汉语言文学的教学工作带来了新的工作契机。整合古典文学和现代文学的系统知识，创新好教学方法，现代汉语言文学的教学工作才能彰显其独特魅力，不断地吸引学生的注意力，并让汉语言文学教学工作趋于领先的水平。

2 我国汉语言文学教学的现状

学生基础薄弱

汉语言文学对学生的语文素养要求高，尤其是对文言文，要求学生具有较好的理解和表达能力，能自行阅读和理解文言文，如对通假字、同音字等，要求学生有较为系统的文学知识。但我国大学生由于高中进行文理分科，并没有投入大量的精力在语文上，更别说相对晦涩难懂汉语言了，导致我国学生普遍文科基础薄弱。此外，大部分学生对汉语言的兴趣不大，很多是"被选"为汉语言文学专业的学生，在大学期间也没有通过扩大阅读量等方式提高自己的基础。

教学只注重知识理论而缺乏实践

目前我国很多地区的汉语言文学教学只对书本上的理论知识有要求而对学生的合理利用所学知识的要求很低甚至不作要求。不能否认汉语言文学的理论性很强，但是在这个世界飞速发展的21世纪，理论型书呆子的需求量很小，现在社会更多的是需要知识储备丰富、实践操作能力强的双向人才。教师只要求学生记忆理论知识，会使学生理论和实践严重脱节，实际应用表达水平严重不足，现在的社会需要用言语把自己推销出去，这时候的口语表达水平就十分重要了。简单的说在参加面试时面对面试官都不能巧妙的展示自己的才能特长，怎能赢得面试人员的青睐?口语表达看似简单却是个人素质的全面体现，具备较高的口语能力足以体现一个人的德、学、才、识。所以，我们现在的汉语言文学教学不能单纯的要求记忆理论知识更要强化学生的实践意识及能力。

汉语言文学教学的师资队伍专业水平不够

随着时代的发展，汉语言文学本来就已经渐渐变得冷门，再加上其教学方式传统落后，导致社会中人们普遍对汉语言文学这门学科的研究大幅度减少，所以，能够真正胜任汉语言文学教学的老师一直在减少，而且由于现在社会风气的败坏，导致学校在招聘教汉语言文学老师的门槛一直在降低，所以，有越来越多没有足够资历能力的人进入学校鱼龙混珠。而且，由于学校对汉语言文学这一学科的不重视，给教汉语言文学的老师安排了很多政务，使得老师对汉语言文学的教学变成一种兼职，学校的行政工作非常繁重杂乱，如此繁杂的工作已经导致老师精疲力竭，他们没有更多的精力投身于汉语言文学的教学中去，导致学校的汉语言文学的教学一直荒废，无法进步。

3 汉语言文学教学方式需要改革创新

需要加强学生的实践意识

汉语言文学具有较强的理论性但是也不能一味的进行理论知识的灌输，应该注重汉语言文学的实践性。加强学生的实践性需要教师在教学过程中很巧妙的锻炼学生的实践意识。在教学过程中，教师可以多增加互动，在互动中可以调动学生的参与热情，在参与中实践的能力也能够得到提升。同时我们的教学要把重心由听放到说、读、写上，在课堂上可以随机安排学生进行口语练习，例如可以设置特殊的场景让学生模拟当事人自由发挥随即表演，安排这样的实践活动可以锻炼提升学生的自我表达能力和应变能力，在理论学习中适当穿插汉语言文学实践活动，这样可以很巧妙的将理论和实践结合。也可以给学生布置主题限时演讲、汉字听写大会、诗歌朗诵会等形式多样的课堂活动，提高学生的参与热情，增强学生的自主学习意识，锻炼提高学生的心理素质，更好的与人交流。实践证明学生对于参与性、实践性教学的积极性兴趣高涨，教学效果良好。

对汉语言文学的教材进行改革创新

如今的教育都是以开放教育为主且着重培养实用型人才，所以在教学过程中，一定要注重教学的实践性。首先。我们应该做的是对汉语言文学的教材内容进行改革创新，随着时代的进步，社会的发展，汉语言文学的教材内容应该顺应时代的发展，适应新形势下汉语言文学教学的发展，以必要的理论知识为核心，在教材中融入更多的实践性强的实验应用，注重培养学生的实践能力，以及对汉语言文学的研究能力。

教学过程中要做到理论和实践之间有效的结合

在对汉语言文学的教学过程中，不能单单的让汉语言文学整体的教育方法方式仅仅停留在教育的表面。学校对于汉语言文学进行教学的过程中应当做到推陈出新，一定要打破陈旧传统的汉语言教育方式模式，真正做到提高整个汉语言文学自身教学过程中的社会适用性。在汉语言文学的教学实践具体的过程中，参与教学的教师一定要摒弃陈旧的教学方式，一味的对学生进行灌输知识，采取单一呆板的教学模式，教师要充分的结合讲授法和引导法以及采取探究式的学习方法以及采取小组合作的办法等诸多的形式进行教学，实现教学过程中师生之间的交流和互动。教师应从学生学习兴趣出发，赋予汉语言文学教学新的时代语言，开创新的汉语言文学教学格局，让学生能够从内心深处喜欢汉语言文学学习。

4 结论

汉语言文学的教学方式随着时代的进步和社会对于这方面人才的需要不断丰富和发展，为了提高学生的学习热情带动学习兴趣，老旧的教学方式必须改革创新。汉语言文学的教学中我们应该摒弃循规蹈矩的教学思想，积极的创新的教学方式，让汉语言文学的文化精髓通过创新教学的模式发扬光大。

参考文献：

[1]赵君玉.汉语言文学教学中审美教育的实施[J].才智，2014，07：292.

[2]张晔.当代汉语言文学教学模式之我见[J].中国科教创新导刊，2013，07：90.

[3]徐景宏.论汉语言文学教学策略及教学改革[J].中国科教创新导刊，2013，28：113+115.

[4]次旺罗布.浅析汉语言文学教学改革与创新[J].课程教育研究，2014，06：95.

汉语言文字,是汉语和文字相结合的一种语言形式,它是由这两者的特点相结合而形成的一种语言 文化 。下面是我为大家整理的汉语言文学 毕业 论文 范文 ，供大家参考。

《 新时代网络语言对汉语言文学影响分析 》

内容摘要：语言作为人类进行交流的主要工具，同时也是人类进行发展所自然产生的社会现象。汉语言作为中华民族五千年文明历史长河中的文化结晶，它具有十分丰富的文学内涵。随着最近这几年网络文化的崛起和发展，一些生造字和生造词语逐渐出现于网络和人们的实际生活中。在极大的丰富人们的实际生活的同时，网络语言的飞速发展也严重的抑制了我国汉语言文学的发展。

关键词：新时代网络语言;汉语言文学;影响

一、网络语言

网络语言，实质上就是指随着互联网的不断发展而自然产生的一种区别于过去传统平面媒介中的语言形式。主要是我国现有的网民们为了可以有效提高网络聊天的效率，或者是在某种特定的环境下需求而采取的形式。它的形式比较简洁、易于交流、便于理解。简单的说就是指在网络的虚拟空间中一种语言形式。主要类型包括：数字型78(去吧);谐音型粉丝(fans);字母型MM(妹妹);符号型，"”表示“冷漠”的表情等。

二、新时代网络语言对汉语言文学发展的影响

(一)有益影响

网络语言产生的主要原因是，我国经济社会的蓬勃发展以及对社会生活中的各类事件的播报。网络语言在网络环境中得到了充分的推广，并通过互联网的传播优势得到最大化的普及。网络语言可以在人们的实际生活中发挥一定的现实作用，充分的表达说话人的具体表达含义和心理真实感受，并受到青年人的热爱，青年人并将网络语言实际的应用到自己生活中。有诸多的网络语言逐渐被广大的受众群体应用到语言文学中。这主要展现于语文的 作文 内容中。当前阶段，大部分的教师在进行出题的过程中，都会选用网络语言，以此来充分表达自身对网络语言的实际看法。而且也可以有效的进行传达特定的 教育 意义，进而全面体现出其设定的社会深意，不断教育当前阶段的学生，使他们可以充分理解网络语言的利与弊。并学会正确的使用其网络语言。网络语言虽然受到广大受众的喜爱，但是我们也需要将此内容与汉语言文学进行区别的对待，进而全面的减少网络语言对汉语言文学产生的造成的阻碍作用。

(二)负面影响

从另一个角度对于汉语言文学的发展的影响进行分析，看似非常流行的网络语言大部分都是来自于我国经济社会中的 热点 人物或者事件，进而从侧面来具体阐述社会生活中存在的问题和未来的发展趋势。为此，人们需要对其社会性质的问题加以关注，某一网络词语在一个时间段频繁的出现，其网络语言就可以充分的说明当时的一个事件。例如，“我爸是李刚”这句话曾经非常的流行，在网络乃至是人们的现实生活中，都引起了广大受众群体对事件自身的高度关注，由此我们可以明显的看出，网络语言之所以会流行，也是因为受众群体对于这一系类词汇的出处的高度关注。当前阶段中，网络已经走进人们的实际生活中各个角落，现实生活中的每一个人都可以在网络上畅所欲言，网络不仅成为了受众群体充分表达自己的实际看法和参与到社会生活最普遍最便捷的方式，同时也已经成为信息传播的最主要的一种方式。也正是因为这一现象，网络语言才可以如此迅速的进行发展。当前阶段，现有的一部分网络语言严重偏离了汉语规范的网络语言，为了可以追求更加新颖的话题和方便，人们在诸多的方面都没有严格的遵循汉语规范。有很大一部分的词语词义被人们所曲解，还有大量的刻意的错别字，这一部分都会在语文教育方面产生不可估量的负面的影响。我国的网民的主要群体就是青少年，他们普遍喜欢新鲜的事物并且非常乐于并善于接受全新的事物，他们的情感是非常丰富的，并没有比较强的辨别是非的能力。青少年时期正处于语言的学习的特殊阶段，青少年大量的使用、接触网络语言，在无形之中接受了其中不规范语言，非常容易养成不规范表达的恶劣的学习习惯，这对学生的汉语言学习，必定会造成不良的学习影响。例如，学生在进行实际考试的过程中，在试卷上答死亡的 反义词 为“扑街”。这比较显著的表明了学生在网络言语的应用过程中形成的错误观念。与此同时我们自身的写作能力、学习能力、对语言的鉴赏能力也会随着不断下降。网络是虚拟的，我们需要及时的进行划分其与现实生活的界限，进而全面的进行营造一个语言交流的和谐文明世界。网络语言因为自身的丰富多样性和巨大的推广力，造就了一种全新的语言模式。此种简单直白的文字和特殊的文字表达形式，迅速的渗透到了传统的语言文化中，进一步的促使我国的传统语言的功能抓紧淡化。为此，我们需要不断加大对于汉语言文化传播力度，尽最大限度的进行扩大汉语言的影响力，进而逐渐实现我国的汉语言的经济化转向国际化汉语言文学要注重树立本身的特点，与此同时提高自身的影响力，扩大影响范围，实现进一步的突破和提升。

综上所述，我国目前的网络语言，基本处于一种无人管制的状态。但是在运用网络语言过程中，我们需要时刻谨记对 传统文化 的保护和传承，不可以只是单纯的为了追求新颖和乐趣就随便的篡改汉语文化，进一步严重的阻碍了汉语言文学发展。

《 汉语言文学师范生就业实践能力培养 》

摘要：随着时代的发展，外语的应用范围也在逐步扩张，这导致近些年出现了“外语狂潮”，国内甚至对于外语的追捧逐渐超过语文。面对这一情况，国家开展了一系列的 措施 ，以提升人民群众对于汉语言的重视，其中以各省市高考改革方案的逐步推进最为明显。而作为一名汉语言专业的师范生，应该采取怎样的行为，响应国家的政策，将自己打造成一个适应时代新形势的高质量应用型人才，实现人生价值。本文就要对这些问题进行简要概述。

关键词：汉语言文学;师范生;就业;实践能力

一、引言

“师者所以授业解惑者也”，教师是人类灵魂的工程师，担负着教书育人，培养社会主义事业建设者和接班人、提高民族素质的使命。汉语言作为五千年中华文化传承发展的基础，所起到的作用自然也就不言而喻。面对国际上的“汉语热”和国内的“外语狂潮”，当前在读的汉语言文学专业师范生，未来的预备语文教师，在提升自身的专业素质和思想素质的同时，也应当走进社会实际。也就是还要从当前的实际情况入手，培养自身的就业实践能力，从而以自己微薄的力量，让学生和身边的人正视重视汉语言文学，发挥汉语言文学的潜在积极作用。

二、当前汉语言文学的社会现状

普遍来说，社会上对于汉语言的认识存在偏差。认为汉语言文学的学习就是掌握简单的口语和浅近的文字，对于进一步更高深的汉语言知识不甚了解。社会上存在着很大一部分的人对于汉语言的应用不规范，诸如读音不标准、用字用词不当、习惯性使用网络语言等情况很是寻常。[1]同时，对于汉语言文学专业的教师和学生来说，对于汉语言文学的观念也发生了转变，一味重视表面的华丽的知识的传授，功利性过强，以致于掩盖了汉语言文学的内在的魅力。另外，社会主义市场经济的发展中，西方思想文化的冲击，也令一部分人崇洋媚外的心理得到壮大。[2]以上这些情况使得外国人对于汉语言的研究和热情远远大于国内的人民群众，严重影响了汉语言文学的发展进步。

三、培养就业实践能力以推动汉语言文学的发展前进

身为中华儿女，身为一名汉语言文学专业的师范生，所要承担的弘扬、发展汉语言文学的使命也就更重大。同时面对当前就业困难，社会对于应用型人才的大量需求，汉语言文学的专业的师范生可以用培养提高自身的就业实践能力以推动汉语言文学的发展前行。

第一，立足专业知识，提高专业素质。汉语言文学专业的学生是最直接、最全面、最仔细研究五千年以来形成的语言文化的一部分人，除了具有文学修养和鉴赏能力以及较强的写作能力以及语言表达能力外，还要了解语言文学学科的新发展，不断吸收本专业和相关专业新的研究成果，实现汉语言文学的发展。而作为一名师范生，除此之外还担负着教书育人、培育下一代的使命，所以更是要立足专业知识，提高专业素质，提升教学水平技能，转变自身思想观念。同时，相比其他的学习者对于汉语言文学应该有更深的热爱，更真挚的情感，唯有如此才能将自身所学真正根据社会需要和教育发展的需要发挥出来。另外，还需要汉语言文学专业的师范生规范汉语言文学的日常使用，对于发音、用字、用词等都要十分严谨细致，以自身的行为带动周边人对于汉语言文学观念态度的转变，逐渐实现汉语言文学的发展前行。[3]作为一名还没有毕业的汉语言文学专业的师范生来说，还有大把大把的时间去进一步提升专业知识、培养起对汉语言更高的热情，为未来自身的发展和汉语言文学的发展做贡献。

第二，创新汉语言文学学习、教育、工作观念。除了时代的冲击以外，汉语言文学自身的一些特征如果不跟随潮流进行创新发展，就会令汉语言文化的魅力被掩盖，无法发挥更大的积极作用。所以作为一名汉语言文学专业的师范生来说，在学校求学期间对于教师传授的知识要有意识地进行创新性学习，在掌握所学知识的精髓同时，将自己的见解和思想融入其中，将所学的汉语言文学知识真正变为自己的。当汉语言文学专业师范生毕业，面临就业时，无论以后是从事教育工作还是其他行业，都要记得自己是汉语言文学专业出身，要通过自身的行为将汉语言文学的内在魅力展示、弘扬出去，潜移默化之间影响更多的人。而对于希望从事汉语言文学教育工作的在校师范生来说，创新自身教育理念，引导学生从内心真正热爱汉语言文学，体会到汉语言文学对于人的积极作用，从而纠正目前社会中对于汉语言文学的错误认识。而这一切都需要在读的汉语言文学专业的师范生从现在做起，从自身做起，从转变、创新汉语言文化学习观念做起。

第三，引导自身适应社会、逐步培养就业实践能力。所有的专业知识和思想观念都是走向社会，实现好发挥好汉语言文学育人引导作用的前提基础。对于在读的师范生来说，还要逐步培养起自身的就业实践能力。既要积极入世了解汉语言文学当前的实时环境，了解社会需要的汉语言专业师范生的侧重点，于在校期间将自己培养成一名适应社会的应用型人才。同时，随波逐流也是不可取的，汉语言专业的师范生永远不要忘记自己当初的目的，忘记对汉语言的那份热爱和执着。也就是，要在汉语言专业的师范生再将自己融入社会，适应社会后以自己的实际行为表现，将汉语言文化中的精髓进一步弘扬发展，令越来越多的人重视，喜爱汉语言文学。

四、结束语

当前汉语言文学的发展现状不容乐观，所发挥的引导、育人作用也是大打折扣。而在读的汉语言文学师范生既是汉语言文化的传承者、创新者，又是未来汉语言文学的传播者和发展者，所承担的历史使命意义重大。面对这一情况，身为一名在读的师范生更是要肩负起国家和人民的重托，通过自己的努力改变目前这种局面。而以笔者的观点就是，应当首先培养提高自身的就业实践能力，在工作岗位上，进一步以自己的行为推动汉语言文学的发展前行。

参考文献：

[1]任志萍.汉语言文学专业学生的“专业应用能力”培养[J].教育评论,2012(03):57-59.

[2]刘思聪,文俊沣,郝丹丹.汉语言文学专业师范技能培养现状与改进研究[J].中国电力教育,2014(11):28-30.

[3]黄志刚,刘丽娟,高建青.地方本科院校汉语言文学专业应用型人才培养的实践教学模式改革[J].宜春学院学报,2015(08):117-120.

《 汉语言文学教学模式研究 》

摘要：随着社会的不断发展，社会对人才的需求正在不断发生变化。传统教育注重应试教育的汉语言文学培养模式，培养出来的人才大多理论知识比较丰富。如今的社会对人才综合素质越来越看重，传统的汉语言文学教学模式不再适用。本文针对教育领域当前的汉语言文学教学模式的改革创新进行分析研究。

关键词：汉语言文学;素质教育;教学质量

1.汉语言文学教学意义

时代在发展，急需高素质人才的同时竞争日益加剧，所以人才教育越来越受到重视。汉语言文学是中华民族悠久历史文化的传承，汉语言文化的学习关系到我国优秀历史文化的发扬，对我国文化软实力的提高具有不能轻视的力量。只有我国的下一代学好汉语言文学，我国的优秀历史文化才不至于流失在历史长河里。汉语言文学就是我国的传统文化，文化对一个国家的重要程度不言而喻。所以让当代学生学好汉语言文学对我国未来的发展意义重大。

2.汉语言文学教学模式分析

教师转变教学角色

当前汉语言文学专业教师在教学过程中，依旧在很大程度上受到传统教学观念的限制，多是采用应试教育的教学模式。老师在开展教学活动时，很少把学生主体性当做教学活动的主要标准，对学生的具体需求不明确，所以教学活动对学生教育的针对性不是很强。长期在这种教学模式下学习，学生的学习积极性难以提高，没有自主学习的激情，自然对学生学好汉语言文学有一定弊端。而且学生参与的互动机会比较少，学生在理论课堂中逐渐对汉语言文学的学习失去兴趣，对教师的教学方式不能完全接受，所以教学效果不理想。为了提高教学质量，对学生汉语言文学有更好的帮助，老师需要先转变教学观念，在教学过程中不再以自己为主导，而且真正重视学生在教学过程中的主体地位，在教学过程中老师只是起到指导学生学习的作用，以前那种老师就是权威的教学思想应该摒弃。

制定教学目标

传统的汉语言文学老师在教学过程中很少制定教学目标或者是制定的教学目标不明确，只是根据教材上的内容进行刻板的理论讲解，教学内容大多比较散乱，没有逻辑。这样散乱的教学内容没有明确目标，对学生系统学习汉语言文学具有负面影响。想要强化汉语言文学教学效果，老师就要明确教学目标，对自己的教学内容及教学模式都要围绕制定的教学目标展开。汉语言文学的学习是一个漫长的过程，对学生来说应该就是一个大问题，如果要解决大问题，就可以将其分解成一个个小问题来解决。学习汉语言文学也是同样的道理，想要学好汉语言文学，老师应该制定明确的教学目标，把复杂的汉语言文学学习分解成小部分，每部分都制定详细的教学目标，老师要通过对教学内容和学生实际情况的认真分析研究，找出科学合理的教学目标。在每个阶段及时调整重新评价教学目标，直到最终培养出具有汉语言文学素养和应用能力的人才。老师在制定目标时不能仅考虑课程要求，也要考虑到每个学生的不同，教育最终的目的是培养人才，而每个人的差异性决定了人才培养方式不是唯一的，因材施教是一个老师应该具备的基本能力。老师在制定教学目标的同时要注意观察同学们的学习情况，对跟不上老师教学脚步的同学及时给予帮助，为他们制定更加简单详细的教学目标。

组织学生有效学习

汉语文学学习的有效性，主要体现在老师的教学目标能否高效实现，学生能否真正理解吸收老师教授的汉语言文学知识。为了激发学生对汉语言文学的学习热情，老师可以采用多样化的 教学 方法 增强教学内容对学生的吸引力。汉语言文学中的每一句话都是古人智慧的结晶，都蕴含一个历史 典故 ，老师在上课过程中可以多向同学讲述一些相关 历史 故事 ，讲解其中典故、诗词的由来。在讲解 文章 的时候多介绍一些当时的时代背景及写作背景。现如今是信息化时代，老师可以充分利用科技优势，采用影视资料、网络课件、图片配音等方式给同学们创设情境，吸引同学们的注意力，从而提高同学们对汉语言文学课堂的参与度。老师除了要在课堂上创新教学方法之外，还要引导同学们在课堂之外进行自主学习，主要是培养同学们对汉语言文学学习的兴趣。引导学生在上课之前进行预习，在网络上查阅课堂上要学习内容的背景知识，先自己大致了解。这样在课堂上学生可以对所学内容提出有针对性的问题，老师加以及时指导，解决问题。

3.结语

汉语言文学的学习在教育事业中受到了很大重视，因为汉语言文学关系到中华民族历史文化的传承，对我国未来的发展有重要作用，所以受到当前教育者的充分重视是理所当然的。汉语言文学的教学模式一定要在传统模式的基础上不断探索改革创新，提高教学质量，培养素质型人才。

参考文献：

[1]薛梅.论背诵在高校汉语言文学学习中的重要性[J].科教文汇(中旬刊)，2010(08).

[2]曲文军.汉语言文学专业创新课程体系建设的探索与实践[J].临沂师范学院学报，2010(02).

[3]周文伟.新历史背景下汉语言文学专业教学模式的创新研究[J].鸭绿江(下半月版)，2015(08).

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7. 有关汉语言文学专业毕业论文范文

英语语言学类毕业论文方向

一、英语语言学毕业论文题目： 1、中西语言方式对比 2、 词汇学 3、 近代英语语言的衍变 二、 英语语言学课程由三个知识模块组成:理论启蒙、基础理论、研究方法。理论启蒙模块内容涉及英语的词汇知识、语音知识、语法知识、修辞知识、语体知识

英语专业论文选题可分为以下几个学科方向

英语是全球化时代绝大多数国际型活动的首选工作语言。作为公认的使用最普遍的国际通用语言或全球通用语，英语被广泛地运用于会议、期刊和图书出版、新闻传播等方面。以下是我精心整理的英语专业论文选题可分为以下几个学科方向，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。

一、 语言学(语言学一般理论的研究);

二、 英美文学(英美文学的文化研究、作品分析等);

三、 翻译学(翻译理论与实践探讨、译本研究以及名家名著翻译作品对比研究等);

四、 英美文化(英美加澳新等西方国家文化以及与汉文化的比较研究);

五、 教学法(英语教学法、测试学等方面的研究)。

英语专业毕业论文什么题目最好写?

作为英专毕业学姐，我认为翻译实践报告最好写，因为翻译一篇文章的论文只需要自己好好翻就行，不需要出门做实践调查问卷。

附：英语专业论文参考选题(Suggested Topics of Graduation Papers for English Majors)

1. A Brief Analysis of the Heroine Personality in Jane Eyre 《简爱》的主人翁个性分析

2. A Brief Comment on O’Henry Short Stories 亨利的短篇小说述评

3. A Comment on Hardy’s Fatalism 评哈代的宿命论

4. A Comparison between the Themes of Pilgrimage to the West and Pilgrim’s Progress 《西游记》与《天路历程》主题的比较

5. A Probe into the Feminist Idea of Jane Eyre 《简爱》男女平等思想的探索

6. A Study of Native American Literature 美国本土文学的研究

7. A Study of Student-Centered English Vocabulary Teaching 以学生为中心的英语词汇教学

8. A Study of the Translation of Sports Terms 体育专有名词的翻译

9. A Study of Transitional Words and Expressions 过渡词及表达法的研究

10. About the Breaking of American Dream from the Great Gatsby 从《了不起的盖茨比》看美国梦的破碎

11. About the Quality-oriented Education in English Language Teaching 英语教学中的素质教育

12. About Transform of Parts of Speech in Translation 论翻译中词性的转换

13. Application of English Idioms in Daily Life 英语习语在日常生活中的运用

14. Body Language Difference in Meaning in Cross-cultural Communication 体态语在跨文化交际中的意义差异

15. Characterization in Charles Dickens’ Novels 狄更斯小说中的人物塑造

16. Choice of Correct Words in Translation在翻译中如何准确选词

17. Comment on Bernard Shaw’s Dramatic Art 评肖伯纳的戏剧艺术

18. Comparing First and Second Language Acquisitions 二语习得与母语的比较研究

19. Cross-culture Failures by Chinese learners of English中国英语学习者跨文化交际中的误区

20. Cultural Differences and Idiomatic Expressions in Translation 论翻译中的文化差异及习惯表达法

21. Cultural Factors and Limitations in Translation 翻译的文化因素局限性

22. Developing Students’ Cultural Awareness through Foreign Language Teaching 通过外语教学培养学生的文化意识

23. Dialectics in Translation 翻译中的辩证法

24. Differences between Audio-lingual Method and Functional Approach 听说法与交际法的区别

25. Effects of Learner’s Motivation in Foreign Language Learning 外语学习中学习动机的影响

26. English Classroom Teaching: Teacher-dominant or Student-centered 英语课堂教学——教师主宰还是学生中心

27. Error Analysis in English Learning as a Foreign Language 英语学习中的错误分析研究

28. Euphemistic Expressions in Foreign Affairs 外事用语中的委婉表达

29. Features of Network English 网络英语的特点

30. Food Culture in America and China 中美饮食文化比较

31. How to Appreciate English Prose: Traditional and Modern Ways 如何欣赏英语散文——传统与现代方法比较

32. Humor and Satire in Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》的幽默与讽刺

33. Influence of Mark Twain’s Works in China 马克吐温的`作品在中国的影响

34. Influence of Science and Technology on English Vocabulary 科学技术对英语词汇的影响

35. Information Theory and Translation 信息论与翻译

36. Inter-Translation of English and Chinese Proverbs 英汉谚语的互译

37. Jane Austen and the Heroine in Pride and Prejudice 简奥丝丁和《傲慢与偏见》的女主人

38. Lexical Gaps in Chinese and English Inter-Translation 英汉互译的词义差异

39. Linguistic Features of Abraham Lincoln’s Addresses 论林肯演说词的语言特征

40. Linguistic Features of Business Contracts 商务合同的语言特征

41. Linguistic Features of English Advertisements 英语广告的语言特征

42. Linguistic Taboos in Chinese and English Languages 谈汉英语言中的禁忌现象

43. Logical Fallacies in English Writing 英文写作中的逻辑谬误

44. Metaphoric Expressions in Poem … 论《…》诗中的暗喻

45. Methods and Procedures in Language Teaching 语言教学的方法及过程

46. Needs Analysis of Language Learners 语言学习者的需求分析

47. On Attitudes and Motivation in Second Language Learning 论第二语言学习的态度及动机

48. On Charles Dickens Style in … 论狄更斯的《…》中的语言风格

49. On . Eliot’s Mythological Consciousness 论艾略特的神话意识

50. On Teacher-Learner Classroom Communication 论教师与学生之间的课堂交流

51. On the Character of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice 论《威尼斯商人》中的人物夏洛克

52. On the Criteria of Translation 议翻译标准

53. On the Development of Jane Eyre’s Character 论简爱的性格发展

54. On the Feasibility of Communicative Approach in China 谈交际法在中国的可行性

55. On the Functions of Ambiguity in English 论英语歧义的功能

56. On the Humour of Mark Twain 马克吐温的幽默观

57. On the Importance of Translation Theory 翻译理论的重要性

58. On the Learning Strategy of English as a Foreign language 谈英语的学习策略

59. On the Linguistic Features of the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 《哈克贝利费恩历险记》的语言特点

60. On the Poetry of Robert Frost (1874-1963) 评议弗罗斯特的诗歌

61. On the Poetry of William Wordsworth (1770-1885) 评议沃兹沃斯的诗歌

62. On the Principles for Translation 浅议翻译原则

63. On the Relations of Basic Language Skills 基本语言技能的关系

64. On the Similarities and Differences of the Speeches by Elder and Younger Bush 论老布什、小布什语言风格的异同

65. On the Style of Withering Heights 《呼啸山庄》的文体分析

66. On the Tragedy of Loman’s Family in Death of A Salesman 《推销员之死》中罗曼一家的悲剧

67. On the Vividness and Images in Poem … 论《…》诗文的生动性与比喻

68. On the Words and Expressions Belittling the Female 蔑视女性的词汇和表达法

69. On the Writing / Translation of Foreign Trade Contracts 论涉外经济合同写作/翻译

70. On Translation of Computer Terms 论计算机的术语翻译

71. On Translation of Tourist Guide 论旅游指南的翻译

72. On Translation of Trade Names and Names of Export Commodities 论商标、出口商品名称的翻译

73. On Winston Churchill’s Prose Writing 评邱吉尔的散文写作

74. Parallelism in English英语中的排比现象

75. Personality Factors to the Success of Foreign Language Learning 个性因素在外语学习中的作用

76. Points of View and the Mode of Discourse in Vanity Fair 论《名利场》的观点及言语方式

77. Politeness and Indirect Speech Acts 礼貌与间接言语行为

78. Pragmatic Failures in the Cross-cultural Communication 跨文化交际中的语用失误

79. Professional Skills for Foreign Language Teachers in Chinese Middle Schools 中国中学外语教师的专业技能

80. Relations of Speed and Understandability in Reading Comprehension 阅读理解中速度与理解性之间的关系

81. Relationship between … Theory and Language Research 论…理论与语言研究的关系

82. Relationship of Age to SLA (Second Language Acquisition) 论年龄与第二语言习得的关系

83. Rhetorical and Narrative Devices in A Farewell to Arms 《永别了，武器》的修辞与描写手法

84. Scarlet and Black in The Scarlet Letter 《红字》中的红与黑

85. Semantic Analysis of Nominalisation in EST 科技英语名词化语义分析

86. Sex Differentiation and Sexism in English Language 论英语中的性别现象及性别歧视

87. Similarities and Dissimilarities of British and American Englishes论英式英语和美式英语的异同

88. Social Context in the Foreign Language Teaching and Learning 外语教学中的社会语境

89. Study of “Hemingway Style” 论“海明威风格”

90. Symbolism in Idiomatic Expressions 论习语中的象征手法

91. Syntactical Features of Business English 谈商务英语写作的句法特征

92. Syntax in John Milton’s Paradise Lost 弥尔顿的《失乐园》的句法探讨

93. Techniques of Theme Production in Wuthering Heights 《呼啸山庄》主题的表现手法

94. The Application of Communicative Approach Techniques in Modern Foreign Language Teaching and Learning 交际法的教学手段在现代外语教学中的运用

95. The Characteristics of Computer Language Vocabulary 计算机语言词汇的特点

96. The Cognitive and Affective Factors in Task-based English Teaching英语任务型教学中的认知和情感因素

97. The E/C Translation of Metaphors 暗喻的英汉翻译

98. The Function of Grammar in English Study 英语学习中语法的功能

99. The Influence of L1 on the Learning of a Foreign Language 母语对外语学习的影响

100. The Influence of Wars on American Literature 战争对美国文学的影响

101. The Linguistic Charms of the Adventures of Tom Sawyer 《汤姆索亚历险记》的语言魅力

102. The Negation in Translation 论正说反译和反说正译

103. The Role of Grammatical Rules in English Language Learning 语法规则在英语学习中的地位

104. The Significance of Communicative Competence in Foreign Language Testing 外语测试中交际能力的重要性

105. The Theory of “Dynamic Equivalence” and its Application in E/C Translation 等效翻译理论及其在英汉翻译中的应用

106. The Translation of Proper Names 专有名词的翻译

107. The Understanding and Translation of Attributive Clause 定语从句的理解与翻译

108. The Use of Nouns in English 英语中名词的使用

109. The Ways of Expressing Emphatic Ideas in English 英语中强调语气的表达方式

110. Thomas Hardy and his Tess of the D’Urbervilles 哈代和他的《苔丝》

111. Translation of Rhetoric Devices in EST (English for Science and Technology) 论科技英语中修辞格的翻译方法

112. Translation Techniques of Idioms and Slangs 成语、俚语的翻译技巧

113. Translation Techniques of Proverbs, Loanwords and Colloquialisms 谚语、外来语和俗语的翻译技巧

英语专业本科生毕业论文选题

英语专业本科生毕业论文选题可以在二个大的方向中进行，即英语文学，语言学。各个大方向中又可以选择小的方向，具体解释如下：

1.英语文学：

选择英语文学的毕业论文选题可以从三个方向进行：国别文学研究、文学批评理论研究和比较文学研究。

在进行国别文学研究选题时，一般选取英国文学或美国文学中的某一经典作家(如海明威)，某一经典作品(如《双城记》)，某一写作手法(如象征手法的运用)或某一文学思潮(如浪漫主义运动)作深入研究。但在选择作家或作品时最好选择在文学史上作为经典的作家或作品。有个别流行作家或作品极富盛名，容易引起学生的兴趣，如《飘》或《荆棘鸟》，学生有强烈愿望选择它们作为研究对象。在不可避免上述情况时，应该尽可能地挖掘作品内在的深刻含义，不能流于肤浅的分析。

文学批评理论的选题一般不太适合英语专业本科生，因为该理论知识的学习在英语专业研究生阶段，本科生一般不具备文学批评理论的知识结构。这个方向的选题可以有关某一文学批评理论,一文学批评术语的阐释或某两种或以上的文学批评理论的比较。

比较文学研究就是将两个以上的作家或作品进行比较。这两个作品或作家可以是同一国别的(如“雪莱与拜伦的诗歌比较”)，也可以是不同国别的(如《牡丹亭》与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》)

2.语言学：

选择语言学的毕业论文选题可以在两个大的方向进行：普通语言学和应用语言学。

普通语言学的研究就是对于英语语言的任何一个方面的研究，如对一种词性、或一种时态、或拼写、语调等等方面的研究(如“一般现在时及其交际功能”)。

应用语言学包括教学法的研究和其它一些新兴的`应用语言学分支的研究。英语专业毕业论文提纲格式规范，师范专业或本身从事教师职业的学生选择教学法方向的较多。在这个方向选题，也要避免过大范围的选题，而应对一个具体问题进行研究，最重要的是要结合教学实践或实验。这个方向的好的选题有：“个性与英语教学”，“方言对英语学习的影响”等。