最好先阅读几篇相应文章和相今似的论文，比如你的课题是油菜，你可以搜有关其他物种如小麦的。根据论文写作步骤制定实验计划。要练习使用一些常用软件，如NCBI,GenBank,在用时最好先下载安装有道词典，因为是英文网站，不容易懂，专业名词也太多！不要怕，万事开头难！好好准备，入了门就好了！
数据库，或者google scholar
英文参考文献可以上google scholar 中文参考文献 上知网，万方等数据库搜一下
最好是多收集点生物信息方面的资料，题目可以写生物信息的发展历程，等等
生物信息学毕业论文，如果你有范文的话，格式肯定就不用找了，但是选题就不行，必须要你导师认可了才行，我是在志文网写的，我写的是生物芯片技术中的应用方面的，生物信息学结合的，已经拿到了参考文献还有资料。
数据库，或者google scholar
英文参考文献可以上google scholar 中文参考文献 上知网，万方等数据库搜一下
下载一些文献看就是了
这种最基本的东西没必要求论文啊，自己随便写写就好了，用个DNAMAN，随便挑个基因，分分钟搞出来。再者没人会拿这种东西单独去发一篇论文吧？这点东西根本不够资格，只够在某篇论文里的两句话的分量。再看看别人怎么说的。
The horse streptococci(the Streptococcus equi) belong to the 兰 surname germ for cent of the Cs streptococci, include the horse streptococci MA3 YA3 ZHONG3 (S equi Equi),the horse streptococci monster epidemic disease second kind(S equi Zooepidemicus)with horse streptococci MA3 YA3 ZHONG3 (S equi equisi milis)That germ can pass external injury,surgical operation,or cure the path infect various animals, causing diseases, such as septicemia Sepsis,meningitis Encephalitis and mastitis(Mastitis)Its particular gene expression outcome is pathogenic(Pathogenicity) to germ to have special Study gene, be in order to understand its function and expression and adjust to control a The information of make use of the living creature's learn(Bioinformatics) can adjust to control to carry on the estimate and analysis to the function and expression of the gene, the province goes to a trivial experiment to investigate, providing the instruction direction for the experiment The function and sequence of the gene are closely-related, when the likeness that is a sequence exceeds certain scope, they carry out same function probably, pass will don't know the function sequence with have already known the contrast of the function sequence, if their likeness is higher and then can predict a sequence to correspond The purpose of this topic research is to be learn with the living creature information Be the theories foundation usage tool software with according to WEB on-line service to some a do not know the horse streptococci gene carry on a series of analysis, the result integrate, predicting the function of this gene expression outcome The horse streptococci P50 gene sequence length is a 100 BPs, the whole gene has a to open all of the reading frame(ORF)s to grow a 90 BPs, coding 100 amino acids 残基 The horse streptococci P50 the gene sequence entered the BLAST service net industry that the NCBI provide first, handle stuffs with the form and list of the net industry up, the choice correspond of the parameter hand over to the data server to go forward to act like the source index(the homology Search)Many living creature information centers all have the BLAST server of the specialized Here applied http: v?b last?(Circulate BLASTR0, the United States, the maintenance GenBank)Then the result detection of the basis BLAST index(Search) and the protein of the horse streptococci P50 gene sequence expression together the source is the tallest of 3 kinds of protein one by one in order is 123The secondly applied DNASTAR software translates the horse streptococci P50 gene sequence into the amino acids sequence, the result manifestation P50 gene sequence translates 20 amino acidses Will and the horse streptococci P50 amino acids sequence together source the high sequence inputs to the tool software respectively, carrying on evolving a tree(the Phylogenetic Tree) to Hand over the horse streptococci P50 amino acidses(the Amino Acids) sequence(Sequence) to the professional website in, can immediately predict the second class structure of that amino acids Then make use of a software analysis P50 gene protein physics and chemistry The Darwinian Theory of Evolution(the Evolutionary theory) gave comparison the gene set to learn to provide the theories The relative relation(kinship) is more near, its gene sequence is a source(homology) together more Two sequences together the source is more high, may express the function of the outcome(the Expression Product) very much so more Through the sorting to the Analytical, according to discover the horse streptococci P50 genes express of may be the fat egg white(the Substrate binding Lipoprotein) that a kind of bottom thing combine, participate the metals transport system(the Transport System) to constitute directly, the kind's transport system has in the germ from process acquire nourishment inside the host(HOST) body to close an important This kind of egg white is the fat egg white(the Substrate binding Lipoprotein) that a conveyance,such as the bottom thing of the metals ions, such as iron,manganese and , combine, we can call it as the streptococci metals to combine the fat egg (the Metal binding lipoproteins, MBLS)This kind of egg white is a kind of poisonous dint factor(the virulent factor) of the horse streptococci(the Streptococcus equi) is a germ with the result that the foundation of the disease to the horse streptococci physiology bio-chemical characteristic and pathogenic have very important influence and the
The horse streptococci(Streptococcus equi) belongs to an orchid surname the Cs of the germ a streptococci for cent and include the horse streptococci Ma3 Ya3 's kind(S equi Equi), the horse streptococci monster epidemic disease second kind(S equi Zooepidemicus)with the horse Lian4 Qiu2 Jun4 Lei4 Ma3 Ya3 's kind(S equi equisi milis)That germ can pass external injury, surgical operation, or cure the path infect various animals and cause diseases, such as septicemia Sepsis, meningitis Encephalitis and mastitis(Mastitis)It particular gene expression the outcome be pathogenic(Pathogenicity) to germ to have special Study gene, be in order to understand its function and expression and adjust to control a The information of make use of the living creature learn(Bioinformatics) and can adjust to control to carry on an estimate and analyze to function and expression of gene, saved to go to a trivial experiment to investigate, for test a verification to provide an instruction Function and sequence of gene are closely-related, the likeness which is a sequence exceed certain scope, they probably carry out same function and pass will don't know a function sequence and have already known the contrast of function sequence, if their likeness is higher and then can predict a correspond of sequence The purpose of this topic research be is learn with living creature information Be the usage tool of the theories foundation software with according to WEB of on-line service to some a have never known a horse streptococci the gene carries on a series of analysis and the result integrate and thus predict that this gene expresses the function of The gene sequence of the horse streptococci P50 length is a 100 BPs and the whole gene has 1 to open all of the reading frame(ORF)s to grow a 90 BPs and code 100 amino acids remnants J The gene sequence of the horse streptococci P50 got into the BLAST service net industry that the NCBI provide first, once handle stuffs with the form and list on the net industry up, the choice correspond of the parameter hand over a data server to go forward to act like a source an index(homology Search)The many living creature information center all has the BLAST server of specialized Here applied http: v?b last?(Circulate BLASTR0, the United States, support GenBank)Then the protein of the search result detection of the basis BLAST and the gene sequence of the horse streptococci P50 expression together the source be the tallest of 3 kinds of proteins one by one in order is 123The secondly applied DNASTAR software translates the gene sequence of the horse streptococci P50 into an amino acids sequence and the gene sequence of the result manifestation P50 totally translates 20 amino Will with the amino acids sequence of the horse streptococci P50 together source the sequence of the Gao inputs tool software respectively and carry on evolving a draw of tree(Phylogenetic Tree) Hand over the amino acidses(Amino Acids) sequence(Sequence) of the horse streptococci P50 to the professional website in, then predict the second class structure of that amino acids Then make use of the physics and chemistry property of the gene protein of the software analysis P The Darwinian Theory of Evolution(Evolutionary theory) give comparison gene the set learn to provide a theories The relative relation(kinship) is more near, its gene sequence together source(homology) more Two sequences together the source be more high, so and very may express the function of outcome(Expression Product) more The process is to the tidy up of Analytical, according to discover the horse streptococci P50 the genes express of may be the fat egg white(the Lipoprotein of the Substrate binding) that a kind of bottom thing combine, directly participate the constitute of system(Transport System) of the metals transport, that kind of transport system acquires to have in the nutrient process in the germ from the host(HOST) body to close an important This kind of egg white is the fat egg white(the Lipoprotein of the Substrate binding) that a conveyance,such as the bottom thing of metals ions, such as iron, manganese and , combine, we can call it as the streptococci metals combines fat egg (the lipoproteins of the Metal binding, MBLS)This kind of egg white's ising a kind of poisonous dint factor(virulent factor) of horse streptococci(Streptococcus equi) is a germ with the result that the foundation of disease to the physiology bio-chemical characteristic of the horse streptococci and pathogenic have very important influence and meaning
The horse chain coccus (Streptococcus equi) belongs to a blue minutefungus C crowd of chain coccuses, including horse chain coccus horsesubspecies (S equi equi), horse chain coccus兽疫 subspecies (S equi zooepidemicus) and horse hammerfungus category horse subspecies (S equi equisi milis) Thisfungus passable flesh wound, surgery, or way infection many kinds ofanimals and so on treatment, initiation septicaemia Sepsis, meningitisEncephalitis, mastitis (Mastitis) and so on disease Its specific geneexpresses the product (Pathogenicity) to have the special significanceto the bacterium pathogenicity The research gene, is for must understand its function and theexpression and the regulative (Bioinformatics) may carries on theforecast and the analysis using the biological information study tothe gene function and the expression regulation, has omitted thetroublesome experimental exploration, confirms for the experimentprovides the instruction The gene function and the sequenceare the close correlation, when the sequence similarity surpasses thecertain scope, they possibly carry out the same function, throughunknown function sequence and known function sequence contrast, iftheir similarity comparatively takes a higher position may infer thesequence the corresponding This topic research goal is carries on a series of analyses by thebiological information study as the rationale using tool software andbased on the WEB on-line service to some unknown horse chain coccusgene, finally conformity, thus forecast this gene expresses theproduct the function The horse chain coccus P50 gene sequence length is 100BP, the entiregene has an opening reading frame (ORF) span 90BP, codes 100 aminoacids remnant bases First enters the BLAST service network industry which NCBI provides,has processed the horse chain coccus P50 gene sequence fills in netindustry in the table list, chooses the corresponding parameter tosubmit to the data server on carries on the homology retrieval(homology Search) Many living thing information center all has thespecially movement the BLAST server Here applies http:vb last (to move the BLASTR0, US, maintains GenBank) Then acts according to the BLAST retrieval (Search) the resultdiscovery and the horse chain coccus P50 gene sequence expressionprotein homology highest 3 breeding eggs white matter is 123 in turn Next translates using DNASTAR software the horse chain coccusP50 gene sequence the amino acid sequence, finally demonstrated theP50 gene sequence altogether translates 20 amino acids Separately will input with the horse chain coccus P50 amino acidsequence homology high sequence to tool software in, will carry on theevolution tree (Phylogenetic Tree) (Amino Acids) the sequence (Sequence) submits the horse chain coccusP50 amino acid to the specialized website in, then forecasts thisamino acid sequence two levels of structures Then analyzes the P50gene protein physics and chemistry nature using software Darwin's theory of evolution (Evolutionary theory) (comparativegenomics) has provided the theory basis to the comparison gene Blood relationship relations (kinship) nearer, its genesequence homology (homology) is higher Two sequences homology higher,then very possibly expresses the product (Expression Product) thefunction is more similar Passes through to the result reorganizationThe analysis, according to discovered the horse chain coccus P50 geneexpression possibly is one kind of substrate union lipoprotein(Substrate binding Lipoprotein), directly participates in the metaltransportation system (Transport System) the composition, this kind oftransportation system (HOST) in vivo obtains the nutrition in thebacterium from the host in the process the very important functionThis kind of protein is metallic ion the and so on a transportationlike iron, manganese, zinc substrate union lipoprotein (Substratebinding Lipoprotein), we may call it the chain coccus metal unionlipoprotein (Metal binding lipoproteins, MBLS) This kind of proteinas horse chain coccus (Streptococcus equi) one kind of toxicity factor(virulent factor) is the bacterium pathogenesis foundation has theextremely important influence and the significance to the horse chaincoccus physiology biochemistry characteristic and the pathogenicity
生物信息学我有来头
林学与业，课程改革生物信息学，是一门综合学科。涉及到数学，生物学和计算机的内容。但在我看来，计算机的基础需要，但要求不是很高，关键是要有很好的生物学知识，包括遗传学的、生物化学的、发育生物学的、分子生物学的、植物生理学的知识等等，也就说需要达到这样的一个要求：在进行数据分析时，能对各种分析结果进行生物学的评价，并给出最优的分析策略。同时也应该有纯熟的数理基础，包括统计学的、拓扑学的，这样才能把待分析的问题转换成可计算的模型，最后能给出实现的程序。从个人来说，因为生物信息学是一个非常大的领域，所以，关键是要确定自己的研究方向。比如，以关联分析为方向的生物信息学，那么就要掌握好各种关联分析的统计分析方法，有很强的数据管理能力，足够好的序列分析能力（这是进行variation查找和分析的基础）
生物类的呗，医学类的呗，都是可以的，还可以看下在生物医学期刊上
空手套白狼，实现有难度。你要熟悉各种生物的基因组，要分析能力很强才行。
最好先阅读几篇相应文章和相今似的论文，比如你的课题是油菜，你可以搜有关其他物种如小麦的。根据论文写作步骤制定实验计划。要练习使用一些常用软件，如NCBI,GenBank,在用时最好先下载安装有道词典，因为是英文网站，不容易懂，专业名词也太多！不要怕，万事开头难！好好准备，入了门就好了！
谁一个、、论文不才交么……生物信息在生物学研究中的作用。生物信息是指生物体中包含的全部信息，如基因组信息、蛋白质、核酸、糖类等生物大分子的结构等。生物信息对生物体的生存、繁殖都起着重要作用。生物信息包含的范围很广，除遗传物质、神经电冲动和激素之外，生物体发出的声音、气味、颜色以及生物的行为本身都含有信息，都对生物的个体和群体产生影响，和生物的生存与进化密不可分。生物信息的特点是消耗极少的能量和物质即可产生极大的生物效应。生物信息一般可分为遗传信息、神经和感觉信息及化学信息。虽然遗传信息和神经感觉信息的载体都属于化学物质，但通常所指的化学信息是除以上两类物质以外的化学物质所携带和传递的信息。高等生物的激素及昆虫外激素都属于这一类。遗传信息是指生物为复制与自己相同的东西、由亲代传递给子代、或各细胞每次分裂时由细胞传递给细胞的信息, 即碱基对的排列顺序(或指DNA分子的脱氧核苷酸的排列顺序） 。遗传信息以密码形式存储在DNA分子上，通过DNA的复制传递给子代。在后代生长发育过程中，遗传信息自DNA转录给RNA，后翻译成特异的蛋白质，以执行各种生命功能。从历史上看，首先是由GJMendel（1866）的研究形成了概念，即相应于生物各种性状的因素（现在称为基因）中包含着相应的信息（以后GBeadle等人（1941）所开创了遗传生物化学的研究，描绘出这样一个轮廓：基因和决定生物结构与功能的蛋白质之间具有一对一的对应关系。 关于基因的化学本质方面，根据OTAvery等（1944）进行的转化实验，以及AHershey和MChase（1952）用大肠杆菌噬菌体的DNA进行的性状表达实验，已阐明DNA是遗传信息的载体。附着DNA结构研究的进展，现在已经确立了这样的概念，即基因所具有的信息可将DNA的碱基排列进行符号化。信息在表达时，DNA的碱基排列首先被转录成RNA的碱基排列，然后再根据这种排列合成蛋白质。有的病毒的遗传信息的载体不是DNA，而是RNA。遗传信息不仅有相应于蛋白质的基因信息，也包括对信息解读所必需的信息、控制信息表达所必需的信息，以及生物为了复制与自己相同结构所必需的一切信息。神经和感觉信息靠电脉冲和神经递质携带和传递。神经系统接受内外环境中的信息，进行加工处理，调节和控制机体各部分功能。生物靠神经系统电脉冲和神经递质携带和传递。神经系统的功能是接收、传递内外环境中的信息，加以处理、分析,从而控制和调节机体各部功能,对环境作出适当的反应。因此，神经信息对于有机体的生存以及正常生活起着至关重要的作用。化学信息是除上述两类物质外由化学介质传递的信息。生物体的各种功能能够有条不紊地进行，对环境能及时做出反应，是由于生物体内存在着通过各种各样的化学信息分子进行传递的信息系统。生物信息在生物研究中有重要作用，然而，原始的生物信息资源挖掘出来后，生命科学工作者面临着严峻的挑战：数以亿计的ACGT序列中包涵着什么信息？基因组中的这些信息怎样控制有机体的发育？基因组本身又是怎样进化的？生物信息学产业的高级阶段体现于此，人类从此进入了以生物信息学为中心的后基因组时代。结合生物信息学的新药创新工程即是这一阶段的典型应用。因此，生物信息学便是生物信息在生物研究中重要应用。 生物信息学是在生命科学的研究中，以计算机为工具对生物信息进行储存、检索和分析的科学。生物信息学研究对象是生物信息。其研究重点主要体现在基因组学和蛋白学两方面，具体说就是从核酸和蛋白质序列出发，分析序列中表达的结构功能的生物信息。 具体而言，生物信息学作为一门新的学科领域，它是把基因组DNA序列信息分析作为源头，在获得蛋白质编码区的信息后进行蛋白质空间结构模拟和预测，然后依据特定蛋白质的功能进行必要的药物设计。基因组信息学,蛋白质空间结构模拟以及药物设计构成了生物信息学的3个重要组成部分。从生物信息学研究的具体内容上看，生物信息学应包括这3个主要部分：(1)新算法和统计学方法研究；(2)各类数据的分析和解释；(3)研制有效利用和管理数据新工具。 生物信息学作为基因组研究的有力武器，被广泛地用来加快新基因的寻找过程，以达到将“有用”新基因抢先注册专利的目的。在这场世界范围内的竞争中，中国科学家以及科研资金投向的决策部门如何结合我国科研水平的现状、优势领域等客观情况将有限的投资投入以求获得最大可能的科学研究以及商业回报，是一个无法回避的新课题。 生物信息学的主要研究方向： 基因组学 - 蛋白质组学 - 系统生物学 - 比较基因组学，随着包括人类基因组计划在内的生物基因组测序工程的里程碑式的进展，由此产生的包括生物体生老病死的生物数据以前所未有的速度递增，目前已达到每14个月翻一番的速度。同时随着互联网的普及，数以百计的生物学数据库如雨后春笋般迅速出现和成长。然而这些仅仅是原始生物信息的获取，是生物信息学产业发展的初组阶段，这一阶段的生物信息学企业大都以出售生物数据库为生。以人类基因组测序而闻名的塞莱拉公司即是这一阶段的成功代表。 综上所述,对生物信息的研究对生物学的蓬勃发展具有重要作用。
最好是多收集点生物信息方面的资料，题目可以写生物信息的发展历程，等等
发表服务
