去purdueowl看英文论文的格式，不同格式reference的方法都不一样，有mla，chicago格式等等。
如果有官方的书名翻译，就用英语书名，没有就用拼音或者中文，不用附上中文原文。文章中：引用(作者，出版年)ps作者用斜体reference[1]姓，名，题名:其他题名信息[文献类型标志]其他责任者版本项出版地:出版者,出版年:引文页码[引用日期]获取和访问路径ps英文参考文献放前面，中文参考文献放在后面，分别按字母和拼音升序排序例如[5]wuct,stitutiverelationshipsforheterogeneousmaterials[c]//london:appliedsciencepublishersltd,1997:119-[3]马克思关于《工资、价格和利润》的报告札记[m]//马克思,恩格斯马克思恩格斯全集:第44卷北京:人民出版社,1982:
所谓转引，是指论文作者并没有看到某个文献的原始出版物，而是在另外一个文献中看到的。比chapell在其1998年的某个文献中引用了shepard在1993年发表的文章中的内容。现在论文作者看到的是chapell的文献，而不是shepard的原始文献。如果论文作者希望引用shepard的话，则应该用下面的格式：(shepard,1993:444,citedinchapelle,1998:324)上例中的citedin表示“转引自”
不会，我可以
题目（鸣谢、关键词、摘要）正式的要有一、引言二、正文三、结语参考文献
题目摘要 中英文关键词 中英文引言 正文参考书目但是不同类型的论文格式不同 看你写什么文学，教学法，语言学 的 都不同，基本上是上述内容， 根据导师的要求写
可以写的 私信我
到了英语毕业论文选题、开题的时节，选择什么样的毕业论文题目，是非常重要的，直接关系后续论文能不能顺利完成，完成质量如何，乃至能否顺利毕业。所以选择一个新颖又易于做研究的论文至关重要。英语论文的选题范围大致都可分为以下几个方面: 文学方面的选题，文学类的论文一般以英、美国等作家的作品为主，有些经典文学作品例如《傲慢与偏见》、《了不起的盖茨比》、《飘》、《喜福会》、《简爱》这些烂大街的作品就不推荐了，当然你如果有标新立异的角度，并且只求能够以及格分数毕业，当然也可以选择哦！推荐几个文学方向的选题：1、 不确定性的狂欢——《达芬奇密码》的后现代主义解读2、 从文学文体学角度浅析《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中的反奴斗争3、 存在主义视域下《霍乱时期的爱情》主题解读4、 对《愤怒的葡萄》中美国农民“美国梦”幻灭的解读5、 基于荣格原型理论对《基督山伯爵》中唐泰斯的人格转化6、 分析家庭伦理视域下《推销员之死》威利悲剧命运7、 分析论《外婆的日用家当》中黑人女性8、 对待传统文化的继承与反叛论《天使与魔鬼》的创作手法及伦理抉择9、论《Sh'khol 》中母亲身份危机与重建10、浅析阿加莎克里斯蒂《无人生还》中的文学创作技巧11、从汤亭亭和格洛丽亚•安扎杜尔自传小说看美国少数族裔如何冲破语言禁锢12、浅析《儿子与情人》中保罗的俄狄浦斯情结13、探究≪麦琪的礼物≫中蕴含的圣经文化14、论舍伍德安德森笔下的怪诞人物形象 ——以《小镇畸人》为例15、犹太文化角度下《只争朝夕》中父子关系的探析翻译方向：一般翻译方向建议使用理论分析1、功能对等翻译理论指导下化妆品说明书的汉译2、传播学视角下电影《冰雪奇缘》字幕翻译研究3、归化与异化视角下的电影字幕翻译——《贫民窟的百万富翁》为例4、接受美学视角下《暮光之城》字幕翻译的审美再现策略5、功能对等的视角下《红高粱家族》中方言的英译研究6、从归化与异化视角看阿瑟威利的《西游记》翻译7、从翻译美学的角度研究奢侈品广告汉译8、TED演讲字幕翻译中的遣词用字分析--以文化类主题为例9、等效原则视角下的英语习语的翻译策略10、翻译伦理视角下政府工作报告的英译11、从功能对等理论看英语硬新闻的汉译12、从功能对等理论研究法律文本中长难句英汉翻译的策略 教育教学方向：一般有理论研究和实践研究两种1、TPR教学法在小学英语教学中的实际使用情况 ——以XX学校为例2、词块理论在高中英语写作教学中的应用研究3、初中生英语写作中常见的错误分析及对策研究4、针对“00后”学生特点的初中英语个性化教学研究5、母语负迁移对高中英语写作教学的启示——以大同市实验中学为例6、学习者个体差异对初中生英语听力的影响——以壶关南洋中学为例7、农村小学英语教师信息化教学能力发展研究－以定阳小学为例8、语法翻译法和交际法在初中英语教学中的结合运用9、情感教学法在高中英语课堂上的应用10、任务型教学法在初中英语课堂上的应用文化方向：1、浅析不同文化背景下中美高等教育体制差异2、从清明节和万圣节的对比看中西方人的性格差异3、中美家庭教育的差异--以《士兵突击》和《阿甘正传》为例4、墓志铭中的中美价值观差异——以中美作家墓志铭为例5、跨文化视角下中美大学毕业典礼校长演讲的比较研究6、从重大突发事件的媒体报道看中美文化差异——以马航MH370坠机事件为例 7、基于双十一和网络星期一的中美网络购物节文化对比分析8、中美旅行网站的功能对比——以去哪儿网与E为例9、中英教育督导制度比较研究——以BBC纪录片《中国老师在英国》为例10、从“互联网+”营销策略看中美文化差异——以滴滴出行和优步为例
浅谈英语如何进行优化教学 素质教育是我国当前教育的主体。它顺应时代潮流，是国富民强之根本。学科教学实施素质教育已成为当前教师的重要任务。所谓素质教育就是根据人的发展和社会的发展的实际需要，以全面提高学生的基本素质为目的，以尊重学生的主体性，注重开发人的力心潜能，注重形成人的健全个性为特征的教育。因此，要实现素质教育，则必须在学科中实施优化教学法。如何实施优化教学法，本人浅谈一些具体的做法和体会。一、注重培养学生学习英语的兴趣。 著名心理学家布鲁纳说过“学习是最好的刺激是对所学教材的兴趣”，对学习来说，“兴趣”将直接影响学习效果。林格伦对兴趣的调查结果证明，兴趣占影响学习成功因素的25%，占影响学习失败因素的35%，可见兴趣对学生学习成败的重要。所以，教师要想尽办法，上好每一节课，使单调乏味的反复练习变得活泼生动、妙趣横生。新教材内容贴近学生的生活，与当今世界信息技术相联系，在教学的过程中，应充分挖掘其趣味性，唤起情感共鸣，引起学生兴趣。如教BookⅡ形容词和副词和最高级时，我就问一个学生：“Who is the most beautiful in our class？这个学生应在班里边找边说：”Wang Xiao ming is，这下全班同学哄堂大笑，因为王小明的外号就是“白马马王子”。这一问之后，学生个个争着举手，从情绪高昂，争着回答另外的问题，eg：who is younger than you?等等。这样展开教学活动给学生留下了难以磨灭的印象。 当然兴趣的培养不是一朝一夕的，而要持续不断。教师应做到备学生、备教材，设计每一节课，都使其有趣味性。创造和谐的课堂气氛，充分调动学生的主动性和积极性，应尽量多扬少抑，哪怕这个学生仅仅取得一点进步。孔子曰：“知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。”激活学生学习动机，增强他们的学习积极性，变被动应付为主动探求知识，使之成为乐之者。 二、完善学生的“自我意识”。 当然应试教育犹如将学生推入知识的海洋，其结果可能导致其学会“游泳”，也可导致“淹死”其中。那些本可以成为“游泳高手”者，由于缺乏指导而“夭折”，我们人为地推毁了他们想建立的“成功自我意象”，让其次次地体验“失败”、“低劣”、“不如人”。为了让这些学生找回自信，找回能力，我从以下几方面进行尝试。 ①、帮助学生成功。帮助自卑者找回自信，让自信者更自信，特别是帮助所谓的“后进生”制订短期容易达到的目标，帮助他们达到目标并及时给予真诚的鼓励，促使他们体验到成功。 ②帮助学生创新思维。思维的创造性是指新异情况或困难面前采取对策，并能够独特地解决问题。教师有意识地从思维的多向性引导，引导学生从不同角度探索知识，积极思维，充分发挥他们自己的创见。 ③帮助学生结对子，鼓励互帮互学，改变旧的学习方法。养成新的学习习惯。 三、优化合理的课堂结合是关键。 主次分明，科学的课堂结构应包括以下几方面的关系： ①灵活运用“五步教学法”。 ②对好单词关。培养兴趣，激发求知欲；直观教学，增强感官印象；总结规律，记忆单词。③过好导课关。“温故而知新”，在复习基础上，巧设情景，引出新语言项目，再启发学生观察、分析、归纳。由学生尝试去总结悟出新语言的规律。并让学生在练中学，学中练。 例如讲到名词性物主代词时，我就请学生回忆形容词性物主代词，再设情景记性： A：Put on your coat? B：which one is my coat? A：The blue one is your? B：Oh,yes,it’s mine, Thank 先提问your、my ，再问yours 、mine的意思，学生容易地回答出来。于是引出新语言项目。四、培养竞争意识，增强学习自觉性。 现代社会充满了机遇，也充满了竞争，充满了走上台来推销自己的时机。这种竞争应该在日常学习和生活中培养起来，成为习惯性意识，随时准备着抓住机遇，去迎接挑战。 教师在教学中，要纠正学生的保守态度和嫉妒心理，向学生灌输正确的人生观念，高尚的思想意识，并身体力行地发动学生，促成他们充满活力，积极向上，勇于表现，不怕竞争的作用，以适应现代生活的要求。具体可以分小组竞赛，男女生之间竞赛，自由组合竞赛，个人挑战竞赛等。如教单词可竞争谁读得又快又好又准；教会话时，可竞赛谁对话正确、流利；竞赛哪个组，哪个同学先背出来。这样竞赛项目一出来，同学们的热情立刻高涨起来，学习自觉性增强，学习效率就大大提高了。 五、和谐的师生关系是一堂高质量的英语前提。 卢梭说的好“只有成为学生的知心朋友，才能做一名真正的教师”。是教育首先应是温暖的，有人性味的，爱心、热心是责任心的源泉，只有热爱学生、尊重学生，才能使师生心灵相通，才能使学生“亲其师，而信其道。” 几年来，本要致力于优化课堂教学的改革，立足素质教育，讲究实效技能，总结这套教学方式，使历届学生对英语兴趣倍增，增强了自信心和自觉性，扩大了知识面又提高了英语水平和素质。学生由“要我学英语”变为“我要学英语”，为今后学业的发展扎下良好的基础。
浅谈如何培养良好的英语学习习惯 英语是一门工具学科。要掌握英语，除了需学习一定的语音、词汇、语法知识外，还得练就扎实的听、说、读、写基本功。换言之，英语学习必须通过大量的听、说、读、写训练。从这点出发，可以说，英语学习的过程也是习惯养成的过程。小学生良好的英语学习习惯主要是指良好的听、说、读、写的习惯。 一、良好的听的习惯。 要求：认真听示范发音，听清后再模仿。用心听他人说英语。学习英语是从“听”起步的。“听”是“说 ”的前提，没有“听”，就无从模仿“说”。只有听得清，听得懂，才能说得准，说得好。用心地多听他人说英语，有助于培养对英语的敏捷反应。因此，培养学生认真听教师或者录音的示范发音，用心听他人说英语是至关重要的。 九年制义务教育英语学科三年级第一册课本没有出现英语文字，只有五彩缤纷的图片，使学生初学英语时能集中全部注意力听录音，理解录音内容，进而正确模仿。与教材配套的录音带中有男、女、大人、小孩的不同音色，其音自然、地道，其景生动、逼真，学生听来饶有兴趣。这十分有助于培养良好的听的习惯。 儿童心理学告诉我们，小学生爱模仿，模仿性强，但缺乏自控能力。课堂上，常有学生一听教师示范发音，就急于开口模仿，轻声跟讲，结果导致自身发音欠准，而且还影响了他人听音。因此，在英语起始教学阶段，教师就要训练学生静心听，可采用“手势暗示法”，即教师随着示范发音打手势“一、二”，这时学生边听教师发音，边看教师嘴形，注意观察其大、小、扁、圆及变化情况，做到看明、听清，当手势打“三”时，全班齐声模仿。这样，发音易到位，模仿效果好。小学生听录音跟说跟读，往往只满足于“听到”，能跟得上说，跟得上读，而不注意语音、语调、句重音、停顿等。因此，教师要引导学生“听清”，在播放录音前，可分步提出听的具体要求，使听一遍录音，便有一次收获。 英语课堂教学是小学生用英语交际的主要场合。其间，他们有很多听英语的机会。但小学生有意注意较弱，维持时间较短，特别是在听同学发言时易走神。教师除了向学生讲明专心听同学发言的好处外，在教学上要采用生动、形象、活泼、多样的教学方法与手段。特别要避免枯燥操练，开“定向长火车”，要多用“有意点叫”、个别提问，对活动与集体操练应频繁交替使用。同时在教学内容上设置“牵制性”提问，“逼”学生专心听他人说英语，不听，就无法参与。如，教师问某生：How old are you?Where are you from?Is yourmoth er a teacher?随即转用第三人称问其他学生：How old is he?Where ishis from?Is his mother a teacher? 又如，请个学生用英语自述，然后让听的学生按此内容相互问答。还可请学生指出发言者哪儿讲错了，该如何纠正等等。以此引导学生用心听他人说英语。 二、良好的说的习惯。 要求：大胆开口说英语、音量适度、仪表大方。积极参加语言实践活动，大胆开口说英语，是英语学习所必需的。从心理学、生理学角度来看，三年级学生人小，较之高年级学生心理障碍和怕羞感少。这正是培养大胆开口讲英语的有利条件之一。九年制义务教育小学英语教材为“说”提供了良好的素材，所选内容均来源于学生学习及日常生活，为学生所熟悉的。教材具有科学性、趣味性、亲近性、实用性，为广大师生所欢迎。这是培养大胆开口讲英语的又一个有利条件。因此，教师得抓住时机，充分运用教材，从起始年级，培养学生良好的话的习惯。 首先，教师应十分注意发挥“情感教育”在英语教学中的作用。古人曰：“亲其师，才能信其道。”教师要用“师爱”去赢得学生的亲近和信任，使师生感情双向交流，密切师生关系，形成轻松、愉悦的课堂气氛，从而有效地帮助学生消除心理障碍，克服怕开口说英语的紧张心理，开创敢讲英语、争讲英语、爱讲英语的局面。 同时，教师要精心组织教学，优化教学方法，利用一切教学媒体（图片、实物、玩具、幻灯、投影、录像、录音、指套、木偶等等）创设情景，寓教于乐，让学生身置语境，有意识或无意识地开口练说，最大限度地发挥学生说英语的主动性和积极性。 此外，教师要从课内到课外尽可能地为学生创造语言实践机会。如：组织语言游戏、竞赛，开辟英语角，举办英语兴趣小组，排演英语文娱节目，强调师生间同学间用英语问候，要求学生把所学英语用到日常生活中去，对做得好的学生给予“小红花”、“小红星”奖励等等。以此造成说英语的氛围，激励学生多开口说英语。 要做到人人大胆开口说英语，不是一件容易的事。学生因各人的气质、性格不同，参与开口讲英语的程度也不同。教师在教学中要特别关注那些存在怕说、缺乏自信心的学生。著名教育学家布卢姆认为，一个人学习成功的次数越多，他的学习自信心就越强。学习成功是建立在学习自信心的基础上的。因此教师要帮助这些学生克服思想和心理障碍，要多给予鼓励和表扬，肯定其点滴甚至是微不足道的进步，进行个别耐心具体的辅导，设个坡度，扶着前进，不要急于一步到位，让他们在口语训练中有所得，感受到成功和欢乐，以增强其说英语的自信心，激起其说英语的内心欲望。 学生在讲英语时，教师最好别去打断，应允许学生暂时存在某些语言错误，待讲完后，教师再指出并纠正。这样做，不干扰学生说话的思路、意念表达，不挫伤其说话积极性，又能帮助其提高言语水平。在大胆开口讲英语的基础上，教师要引导学生注意讲话音量适度、仪表大方。三年级始学英语，要求学生大声讲英语，随着年级的升高，要求学生根据不同场合，调整自己的音量大小，声音高低，对于活动、小组操练宜轻声些，班上发言得响亮些，让全班同学都能听到。有的学生急于发言，在连续说英语时，停顿过长，还常加“嗯”。此时，教师要注意多留给学生一点思考时间，要求先想后说，想好再说。另外，教师要提请学生注意，说话时不要低着头，或眼望天花板，或视窗外，要面对听者，举止要自然，不拘束，从小养成良好的说的习惯。 三、良好的读的习惯。 “读”对小学生来说，主要是指“朗读”。要求：正确拼读单词，响亮地、流利地朗读课文，语音、语调等基本正确。拼读单词有利于学生记忆单词，积累词汇。朗读英语有利于培养学生语音、语调、节奏、语感等。也有助于“说”的能力进一步提高。 九年义务教育英语学科三年级第二册课文开始出现文字，渐之，要求拼读单词。无论是个别还是全班拼读（拼背）单词，都应要求学生先读一遍单词，再拼读字母，然后再读一遍单词。培养学生拼读单词的良好习惯，十分有益于学生认读单词，正确拼写单词。 朗读英语是小学生学习英语的主要内容之一。“说”英语与“读”英语有相通之处，关系密切，两者相辅相成。学生朗读英语好与差，很大程度上取决于教师的示范。这是给学生“先入为主”的朗读音调印象。因此，教师必须十分注重范读和领读。授课前，教师最好先自身整音，尽量与标准音带取得一致。在自身（或音带）范读、领读时，教师可配以手势以示升调、降调、重读等，加深学生的理解。以后还可指导学生在课文上标音调符号。一般来说，新课之时，不宜请学生领读课文，以免一个错，错一片，给纠正增添麻烦。在朗读语言材料时，须要求学生切勿操之过急，拿来便朗读，要先通阅，了解内容，理解含义，揣摩音调，然后再朗读。这样，朗读效果好。 小学英语课文句短简单，读来朗朗上口。有些学生觉得这些句都已能讲能背了，在朗读时漫不经心，不是看着一句句朗读，而是滑句，一古脑儿读完，存在“假读”现象。有的朗读时语速、节奏掌握不好，过慢、拖沓，一字字顿着读，或是过快，发音不到位，无停顿，混着读。特在集体朗读时，伴有拖音明显，节奏较差，语速偏慢等现象。为此，教师要对症下药，变换教法，随时纠正学生朗读的不良倾向，刻意培养学生良好的读的习惯。 四、良好的写的习惯。 “写”对小学生来说，主要是指“书写”。要求：书写姿势、方法正确，斜体行书规范书写，大小写、笔顺、标点符号和格式正确。 小学生在学英文书写前，已学会汉字及汉语拼音的书写，且已养成一定的书写习惯，这对学习英文书写有利也有弊。就书写而言，二者有相同之处，但更有不同之点。对于书写的坐姿，握笔方法，两者要求相同。而汉字与英文在书写上差异很大。即使汉语拼音与英文斜体行书在书写上也风格各异。因此，英语教师必须利用学习正迁移，防止学习负迁移，对学生英文书写进行严格的训练。 时至三年级，仍有部分学生书写坐姿、握笔方法不正确。这就要求英语教师在教英书写时及时纠正，不能放任自流。要让学生明白书写坐姿、握笔方法不正确会影响身体健康，影响书写质量与速度，对今后学习不利。启发学生加强自我督促意识，保持正确坐姿，握笔方法。特别要向学生指出，书写英文时，纸稍向左斜放，纸的下边与桌面边缘成10°角，不要正放。 在书写教学一开始，学写字母时，教师就必须十分重视培养学生按照规范笔顺书写，在四线三格中位置正确。值得一提的是，要强调每个字母都要稍向右斜，斜度要一致（约5°）。中国学生由于写汉字的习惯，竖直横平，有棱有角，四方端正。因此，在书写英文时，常出现直、方、角现象。对此教师要运用“比较法”教学，及时指正。随着学习的进展，教师要继续坚持不懈地抓好单词、句子、段、篇的书写及标点符号的正确使用，切实做到英文书写规范，使学生养成良好的写的习惯。 总之，良好的英语学习习惯不会自然生成的，而是经有意识培养形成的。小学生学习英语，主要通过课堂教学形式。所以，良好的英语学习习惯的养成主要是靠教师。教师必须十分重视良好学习习惯的培养，注意在日常教学活动中有计划地、有步骤、严格地训练学生。
学术堂整理了十五个英语专业毕业论文选题供大家参考: 试从家庭视角探析《最蓝的眼睛》中女主人公皮克拉的悲剧 英语 浅析《雾都孤儿》中的善及其对恶的影响 英语 悲观与迷茫心理------浅析海明威小说《永别了武器》 英语 探析<<远大前程>>中郝维香的悲惨命运 英语 浅析《双城记》中的人道主义思想 英语 简爱与苔丝性格及命运的对比研究 英语 试论《飘》中女性主义的悲剧色彩 英语 浅析《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》中艾米丽的悲剧 英语 《威尼斯商人》中安东尼奥的人物特点分析 英语 从《哈克贝利o费恩历险记》看马克o吐温的写作特色 英语 麦琪悲剧的成因--《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》 英语 《蝇王》的主题分析 英语 迷失的灵魂--论奥尼尔晚期剧作《长日人夜行》 英语 青少年的烦恼--对《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的心理分析 英语 勃朗特姐妹的爱情观解析 英语
What is an earthquake? An earthquake is a sudden, rapid shaking of the Earth caused by the breaking and shifting of rock beneath the Earth's For hundreds of millions of years, the forces of plate tectonics have shaped the Earth as the huge plates that form the Earth's surface move slowly over, under, and past each Sometimes the movement is At other times, the plates are locked together, unable to release the accumulating When the accumulated energy grows strong enough, the plates break free causing the ground to Most earthquakes occur at the boundaries where the plates meet; however, some earthquakes occur in the middle of Ground shaking from earthquakes can collapse buildings and bridges; disrupt gas, electric, and phone service; and sometimes trigger landslides, avalanches, flash floods, fires, and huge, destructive ocean waves (tsunamis) Buildings with foundations resting on unconsolidated landfill and other unstable soil, and trailers and homes not tied to their foundations are at risk because they can be shaken off their mountings during an When an earthquake occurs in a populated area, it may cause deaths and injuries and extensive property The Northridge, California, earthquake of January 17, 1994, struck a modern urban environment generally designed to withstand the forces of Its economic cost, nevertheless, has been estimated at $20 Fortunately, relatively few lives were Exactly one year later, Kobe, Japan, a densely populated community less prepared for earthquakes than Northridge, was devastated by the most costly earthquake ever to Property losses were projected at $96 billion, and at least 5,378 people were These two earthquakes tested building codes and construction practices, as well as emergency preparedness and response Where earthquakes have occurred in the past, they will happen Learn whether earthquakes are a risk in your area by contacting your local emergency management office, American Red Cross chapter, state geological survey, or department of natural For information on how to protect your property from earthquakes, please read the "How-To Series" Earthquakes strike suddenly, without Earthquakes can occur at any time of the year and at any time of the day or On a yearly basis, 70 to 75 damaging earthquakes occur throughout the Estimates of losses from a future earthquake in the United States approach $200 There are 45 states and territories in the United States at moderate to very high risk from earthquakes, and they are located in every region of the California experiences the most frequent damaging earthquakes; however, Alaska experiences the greatest number of large earthquakes—most located in uninhabited The largest earthquakes felt in the United States were along the New Madrid Fault in Missouri, where a three-month long series of quakes from 1811 to 1812 included three quakes larger than a magnitude of 8 on the Richter S These earthquakes were felt over the entire Eastern United States, with Missouri, Tennessee, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, Alabama, Arkansas, and Mississippi experiencing the strongest ground AWARENESS INFORMATIONExpect Aftershocks are smaller earthquakes that follow the main shock and can cause further damage to weakened After-shocks can occur in the first hours, days, weeks, or even months after the Be aware that some earthquakes are actually foreshocks, and a larger earthquake might Ground movement during an earthquake is seldom the direct cause of death or Most earthquake-related injuries result from collapsing walls, flying glass, and falling objects as a result of the ground shaking, or people trying to move more than a few feet during the Much of the damage in earthquakes is predictable and We must all work together in our communities to apply our knowledge to building codes, retrofitting programs, hazard hunts, and neighborhood and family emergency EMERGENCY INFORMATION The best protection during an earthquake is to get under heavy furniture such as a desk, table, or bench The greatest danger exists directly outside buildings, at exits, and alongside exterior Many of the 120 fatalities from the 1933 Long Beach earthquake occurred when people ran outside of buildings only to be killed by falling debris from collapsing Ground movement during an earthquake is seldom the direct cause of death or Most earthquake-related casualties result from collapsing walls, flying glass, and falling DANGER ZONES Earthquakes occur most frequently west of the Rocky Mountains, although historically the most violent earthquakes have occurred in the central United S All 50 states and all US territories are vulnerable to Forty-one states or territories are at moderate to high HELP YOUR COMMUNITY GET READY The media can raise awareness about earthquakes by providing important information to the Here are some suggestions: Publish a special section in your local newspaper with emergency information on Localize the information by printing the phone numbers of local emergency services offices, the American Red Cross, and Conduct a week-long series on locating hazards in the Work with local emergency services and American Red Cross officials to prepare special reports for people with mobility impairments on what to do during an Provide tips on conducting earthquake drills in the Interview representatives of the gas, electric, and water companies about shutting off DID YOU KNOW Many people think of California as "Earthquake Country," but the state with the most major earthquakes is A The grandaddy of earthquakes was along the New Madrid Fault in Missouri where a 3-month long series of quakes in 1811--1812 included th ree quakes larger than a magnitude of These quakes were felt over 2 million square The Richter Scale was developed by Charles F Richter in It is a logarithmic measurement of the amount of energy released by an Earthquakes with a magnitude of at least 5 are strong enough to be recorded by sensitive seismographs all over the In the United States several thousand shocks of varying sizes occur The effects of earthquakes are also measured by the Modified Mercalli Intensity The intensity of a quake is evaluated according to the observed severity of the quake at specific The Mercalli scale rates the intensity on a Roman nu meral scale that ranges from I to XII The Loma Prieta (northern California) earthquake of October 1989 registered 1 on the Richter scale and as high as XI on the Mercalli
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An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic Earthquakes are recorded with a seismometer, also known as a The moment magnitude of an earthquake is conventionally reported, or the related and mostly obsolete Richter magnitude, with magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes being mostly imperceptible and magnitude 7 causing serious damage over large Intensity of shaking is measured on the modified Mercalli At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by a shaking and sometimes displacement of the When a large earthquake epicenter is located offshore, the seabed sometimes suffers sufficient displacement to cause a The shaking in earthquakes can also trigger landslides and occasionally volcanic In its most generic sense, the word earthquake is used to describe any seismic event—whether a natural phenomenon or an event caused by humans—that generates seismic Earthquakes are caused mostly by rupture of geological faults, huge amounts of gas migration, mainly methane deep within the earth, but also by volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear The 2008 Sichuan earthquake (Chinese: 四川大地震), or Great Sichuan Earthquake which measured at 0 Ms[5] and 3 Mw[6] according to PRC's China Seismological Bureau, and 9 Mw according to USGS, occurred at 14:28:42 CST (06:28:42 UTC) on 12 May 2008 in Sichuan province of C It was also known as the Wenchuan earthquake (Chinese: 汶川大地震), after the earthquake's epicenter in Wenchuan County in Sichuan The epicenter was 80 kilometres (50 mi) west-northwest of Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan, with a depth of 19 kilometres (12 mi)[2] The earthquake was felt as far away as Beijing (1,500 km away) and Shanghai (1,700 km away), where office buildings swayed with the [7] The earthquake was also felt in nearby Official figures (as of May 30, 12:00 CST) state that 68,858 are confirmed dead, including 68,007 in Sichuan province, and 366,586 injured, with 18,618 listed as [4] The earthquake left about 8 million people homeless,[8] though the number could be as high as 11 [9] It was the deadliest and strongest earthquake to hit China since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, which killed at least 240,000 Approximately 15 million people lived in the affected The earthquake was followed by two major aftershocks, which led to the collapse of 420,000 more [10] On May 25, a major aftershock of 0 Mw hit northeast of the original earthquake's epicenter, in Qingchuan County, causing eight deaths, 927 injuries, and billions of dollars in
This article is about the natural seismic For other uses, see Earthquake (disambiguation)An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic Earthquakes are recorded with a seismometer, also known as a The moment magnitude of an earthquake is conventionally reported, or the related and mostly obsolete Richter magnitude, with magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes being mostly imperceptible and magnitude 7 causing serious damage over large Intensity of shaking is measured on the modified Mercalli At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by a shaking and sometimes displacement of the When a large earthquake epicenter is located offshore, the seabed sometimes suffers sufficient displacement to cause a The shaking in earthquakes can also trigger landslides and occasionally volcanic
The forbidden palace is one of the many world cultural heritage sites, and is also believed to be the most appealing attraction in the city of B The Forbidden Palace is located at the center of Beijing, as it historically hosted royal family members from two dynasties ( The Qin and Min) It also contains a plethora of many other small palaces often referred to by locals as "an ocean of palaces" The Forbidden Palace was a enormous project at the time of construction and was finally completed after 14 long years, when it was offically operating in 1420, however, after its use and the fall the dynasties it was not opened to the public until In 1925 the Forbidden palace was finally opened to the public as a museum to showcase ancient
The Palace Museum is located on city center in PChina is existing biggest, most integrity of thou building It is been one of five greatest temples in the world by the The Palace Museum start to set up in AD1406, the Palace Museum have the size courtyard more than 90s and the house contain 980 and add up to he Palace Museum surroundings surround 12 meters in height, long the Palace Museum wall of 3400 meters, form is one rectangular city defense, there is 52 meter wide moat outside the wall surround, formation a fortress of severe The Palace Museum has 4 doors, center door Wu door, east door Donghua door, west door Xihua door, north door Shengwu 故宫位于北京市中心。中国现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。被誉为世界五大宫之一。故宫始建于公元1406，故宫有大小院落90多座，房屋有980座，共计8704间。宫城周围环绕着高12米，长3400米的宫墙，形式为一长方形城池，墙外有52米宽的护城河环绕，形成一个森严壁垒的城堡。故宫有4个门，正门名午门，东门名东华门，西门名西华门，北门名神武门。
A Visit to the National Palace MuseumRecently I spent over three hours looking, reading and enjoying the exhibits at the National Palace Museum located in the Many local and foreign visitors go there daily to take pictures outside and spend endless hours No cameras are allowed inside, but you can buy you can buy colored slides of the exhibits in the gift shop There is a very large collection of beautiful Also, there is an ancient bronze vessel Some of the exhibits are changed regularly for special collections such as porcelain and silk My attention was mainly in the room with the wall-size slide show describing some archeological discoveries from pre-history Also, the oracle bones’ exhibit was very good; there seemed to be an endless amount of rare, beautiful, interesting, and fascinating
FORBIDDEN CITY (紫禁城) (In front of the meridian gate) Ladies and Gentlemen: I am pleased to serve as your guide This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden C It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in It took 14years to build the Forbidden C The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Z For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan (North Star) The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his In folklore, the term “an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu P Here, purple is associated with auspicious The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also Red represents happiness, good fortune and Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their The Forbidden City is rectangular in It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9-meter—high wall which encloses the Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate (Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate (Gate of military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate (Western Flowery Gate ) to the west, the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden C A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei P Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei P Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern C Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong P Timber was cut, processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern
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