发布时间：
1、具体含义不同
review article的意思是评论文章，即我们常见的评论性文章。research article的意思是论文， 是学术型作品。
2、使用场合不同
review article常见于各大报刊媒体中，使用广泛，偏口语；research article仅限于学术场合，使用较少。
例句：
Our law review article on nontraditional law enforcement.
我们的法律评论：非正统的执行法律。
How to evaluation a surgical research article with skimming.
如何快速阅读和评价一篇外科学论文。
扩展资料
词汇解析：
1、review article
英文发音：[rɪˈvjuː ˈɑːrtɪkl]
中文释义：评论文章
例句：
Other review article, it is of the topics on the progress of certain diseases and medical elaboration.
其它的综述文章，则是作者对某些疾病和医学专题进展的详细阐述。
2、research article
英文发音：[ˈriːsɜːrtʃ ˈɑːrtɪkl]
中文释义：学术论文;研究论文;研究文章;研究性论文
例句：
A Contrastive Analysis on Generic Structure of Chinese and English Research Article Abstracts.
中英文研究性论文摘要的语类结构对比分析。
不大明白你问题的意思是要下一篇看看 作参考文献呢 还是要一篇文章以自己的名义发表啊？我QQ575563101 希望能帮你
Paper on Theoretical Study
论文（Paper）或：dissertation（论文）或：thesis（论文）经常说的：）~English dissertation(英语论文)Graduation thesis(毕业论文)
多看多想，举一反三。
为大家整理了一份考研学习资料，包括各大机构的语文，数学，英语以及各大专业课的学习资源，适合想自考的学生，后面会不断汇聚更多优秀学习资源，供大家交流分享学习，需要的可以先收藏转存，有时间慢慢看~
考研资料实时更新
链接：
提取码：2D72
《经济学人》、《卫报》、《自然杂志》、《新闻周刊》、《科学美国人》。
根据数据统计来看，80％的考研英语阅读来源于《经济学人》、《卫报》、《自然杂志》、《新闻周刊》、《科学美国人》等。
考研阅读理解的文章大多为说明文或议论文，其中社会科学是考研英语阅读的主要和重点选材，人文科学的重要性出现上升趋势。
建议：
在条件允许的情况下，大家可以尝试阅读一些国外的权威性的文章或杂志，一来可以增长见识拓展眼界，二来熟悉这些英语文章的“套路”，便于把握考场阅读。
这些阅读文章其实并不神秘，只要掌握了它的规律，再加上对各类新闻素材的积累，攻下考研英语阅读这座大山指日可待!
考研英语从2010年开始分为英语一和英语二。英语一的阅读理解题材很可能是当年热点话题：政法类、科学类、教育类和社会类等。英语二多是社会民生、经管类、环保类和教育类。
根据数据统计，80%的考研英语阅读来源于《经济学人》、《卫报》、《自然杂志》、《新闻周刊》、《科学美国人》等。偶尔也会在一些书籍中寻找合适的文字做考试素材，但不多见，尤其是这几年已经很难见到。
其中社会科学是考研英语阅读的主要和重点选材，自然科学一直保持在 1 篇文章左右的分量，人文科学的重要性则有上升的趋势。
扩展资料：
考研英语阅读文章内容分析
从体裁上看，大纲要求考生能够顺利读懂四类文章，分别为议论文、说明文、记叙文和应用文。不过，考研阅读理解的文章大多为说明文或者议论文。针对这两类文章，应该有不同的阅读重点和策略。
另外在绝大多数情况下，历年真题的文章来源一般控制在过去的5年之内，即倘若2007年参加考研的话，2007年的文章一般来自于2001年到2006年之间的报刊杂志上。
但近五年的真题来源有所改变，一般选自过去两年内的杂志，甚至一年内的居多，可见文章的时效性越来越明显，所以阅读的范围也就小了很多。
英语阅读真题文章一般字数上控制在450字到550字之间，段落上一般控制在3到6个段落。所以可以把精力主要集中在符合前面字数、段落以及年份的文章来进行复习和阅读，如此一来就把复习的范围大为减少了。
新东方的办法是一半一半，一篇阅读的时间是40分钟第一第二步：第三步是1:1看问题的时候不要看答案，标出关键字，通读的时候是不看例子，重点看前1/3和每段的1/3。这个方法要多加练习才能掌握的，加油咯！
多看多想，举一反三。
为大家整理了一份考研学习资料，包括各大机构的语文，数学，英语以及各大专业课的学习资源，适合想自考的学生，后面会不断汇聚更多优秀学习资源，供大家交流分享学习，需要的可以先收藏转存，有时间慢慢看~
考研资料实时更新
链接：
提取码：2D72
你可以尝试着这样做,带着问题做,这样不知不觉就会提高阅读速度,因为在读的过程中你可以有所侧重,并且会很认真,相信比按部就班的循规蹈矩的做题要好一些,可以先挑篇章短的先读,认真一些,给自己增强一点自信,会对阅读的准确率高一些! 阅读关键是技巧问题,可以请教考研阅读做的好的学长他们,相信会对你有帮助!
根据数据统计，80%的考研英语阅读来源于《经济学人》、《卫报》、《自然杂志》、《新闻周刊》、《科学美国人》等。偶尔也会在一些书籍中寻找合适的文字做考试素材，但不多见，尤其是这几年已经很难见到。
其中社会科学是考研英语阅读的主要和重点选材，自然科学一直保持在 1 篇文章左右的分量，人文科学的重要性则有上升的趋势。
扩展资料：
考研英语阅读文章内容分析
从体裁上看，大纲要求考生能够顺利读懂四类文章，分别为议论文、说明文、记叙文和应用文。不过，考研阅读理解的文章大多为说明文或者议论文。针对这两类文章，应该有不同的阅读重点和策略。
另外在绝大多数情况下，历年真题的文章来源一般控制在过去的5年之内，即倘若2007年参加考研的话，2007年的文章一般来自于2001年到2006年之间的报刊杂志上。
但近五年的真题来源有所改变，一般选自过去两年内的杂志，甚至一年内的居多，可见文章的时效性越来越明显，所以阅读的范围也就小了很多。
英语阅读真题文章一般字数上控制在450字到550字之间，段落上一般控制在3到6个段落。所以可以把精力主要集中在符合前面字数、段落以及年份的文章来进行复习和阅读，如此一来就把复习的范围大为减少了。
“文章”的英文是：Articles读音：英 ['ɑːtɪkl]美 ['ɑːrtɪkl]n. 文章；物品；条款；[语]冠词vt. 订契约词语用法1、article的基本意思是“物件”“物品”,常指一套中之一。2、article还可作“文章”解,指报纸、杂志上的短文。引申可表示“项目”“条款”,指法律上的规定,也可指协议或合同上的契约。article还可作“冠词”解。3、an article of常可接不可数名词,意为“一件”。扩展资料：1、SheaskedhimtocontributeabiweeklyarticleonEuropeanaffairs.她让他每两周写一篇有关欧洲情况的文章。2、Ifyoudon'treturnthearticletotheshopwithinaweek,youforfeityourchanceofgettingyourmoneyback.如果你不把物品归还商店，你就丧失了取回钱的机会。3、Nooneeverreadsthesearticles,leastofallme. 从没有人读这些文章，我就更不用说了。4、Reviewsaredistilledfromarticlespreviouslypublishedinthemaincolumn. 述评是从先前刊登在主要专栏的文章中提炼出来的。5、Herpapersincludedunpublishedarticlesandcorrespondence. 她的资料包括未发表的文章和信件。
朋友，你好，文章的英文翻译很多:essay,article,literaryworks,pen,penandink,writings,hiddenmeaning，这些都是，但最常用的就是article。希望我的回答对你所帮助，祝你成功，快乐~~
教育 的进步是在改变的基础上实现的,改变的第一步就是摒弃墨守成规的教学思维,英语作为国际沟通交流的语言工具,其在全球化进程中扮演着重要的角色。下面是我带来的经典英语 文章 阅读，欢迎阅读!经典英语文章阅读篇一 十二月的玫瑰 Roses in December Coaches more times than not use their hearts instead of their heads to make tough decisions. Unfortunately, this wasn’t the case when I realized we had a baseball conference game scheduled when our seniors would be in Washington, . for the annual senior field trip. We were a team dominated by seniors, and for the first time in many years, we were in the conference race for first place. I knew we couldn’t win without our seniors, so I called the rival coach and asked to reschedule the game when everyone was available to play. “No way,” he replied. The seniors were crushed and offered to skip the much-awaited traditional trip. I assured them they needed to go on the trip as part of their educational experience, though I really wanted to accept their offer and win and go on to the conference championship. But I did not, and on that fateful Tuesday, I wished they were there to play. I had nine underclass players eager and excited that they finally had a chance to play. The most excited player was a young mentally challenged boy we will call Billy. Billy was, I believe, overage, but because he loved sports so much, an understanding principal had given him permission to be on the football and baseball teams. Billy lived and breathed sports and now he would finally get his chance to play. I think his happiness captured the imagination of the eight other substitute players. Billy was very small in size, but he had a big heart and had earned the respect of his teammates with his effort and enthusiasm. He was a left-handed hitter and had good baseball skills. His favorite pastime, except for the time he practiced sports, was to sit with the men at a local rural store talking about sports. On this day, I began to feel that a loss might even be worth Billy’s chance to play. Our opponents jumped off to a four-run lead early in the game, just as expected. Somehow we came back to within one run, and that was the situation when we went to bat in the bottom of the ninth. I was pleased with our team’s effort and the constant grin on Billy’s face. If only we could win..., I thought, but that’s asking too much. If we lose by one run, it will be a victory in itself. The weakest part of our lineup was scheduled to hit, and the opposing coach put his ace pitcher in to seal the victory. To our surprise, with two outs, a batter walked, and the tying run was on first base. Our next hitter was Billy. The crowd cheered as if this were the final inning of the conference championship, and Billy waved jubilantly. I knew he would be unable to hit this pitcher, but what a day it had been for all of us. Strike one. Strike two. A fastball. Billy hit it down the middle over the right fielder’s head for a triple to tie the score. Billy was beside himself, and the crowd went wild. Ben, our next hitter, however, hadn’t hit the ball even once in batting practice or intrasquad games. I knew there was absolutely no way for the impossible dream to continue. Besides, our opponents had the top of their lineup if we went into overtime. It was a crazy situation and one that needed reckless strategy. I called a time-out, and everyone seemed confused when I walked to third base and whispered something to Billy. As expected, Ben swung on the first two pitches, not coming close to either. When the catcher threw the ball back to the pitcher Billy broke from third base sprinting as hard as he could. The pitcher didn’t see him break, and when he did he whirled around wildly and fired the ball home. Billy dove in head first, beat the throw, and scored the winning run. This was not the World Series, but don’t tell that to anyone present that day. Tears were shed as Billy, the hero, was lifted on the shoulders of all eight team members. If you go through town today, forty-two years later, you’ll likely see Billy at that same country store relating to an admiring group the story of the day he won the game that no one expected to win. Of all the spectacular events in my sports career, this memory is the highlight. It exemplified what sports can do for people, and Billy’s great day proved that to everyone who saw the game. J. M. Barrie, the playwright, may have said it best when he wrote, “God gave us memories so that we might have roses in December.” Billy gave all of us a rose garden. 经典英语文章阅读篇二 Big Red The first time we set eyes on "Big Red," father, mother and I were trudging through the freshly fallen snow on our way to Hubble's Hardware store on Main Street in Huntsville, Ontario. We planned to enter our name in the annual Christmas drawing for a chance to win a hamper filled with fancy tinned cookies, tea, fruit and candy. As we passed the Eaton's department store's window, we stopped as usual to gaze and do a bit of dreaming. The gaily decorated window display held the best toys ever. I took an instant hankering for a huge green wagon. It was big enough to haul three armloads of firewood, two buckets of swill or a whole summer's worth of pop bottles picked from along the highway. There were skates that would make Millar's Pond well worth shovelling and dolls much too pretty to play with. And they were all nestled snugly beneath the breathtakingly flounced skirt of Big Red. Mother's eyes were glued to the massive flare of red shimmering satin, dotted with twinkling sequin-centred black velvet stars. "My goodness," she managed to say in trancelike wonder. "Would you just look at that dress!" Then, totally out of character, mother twirled one spin of a waltz on the slippery sidewalk. Beneath the heavy, wooden-buttoned, grey wool coat she had worn every winter for as long as I could remember, mother lost her balance and tumbled. Father quickly caught her. Her cheeks redder than usual, mother swatted dad for laughing. "Oh, stop that!" she ordered, shooing his fluttering hands as he swept the snow from her coat. "What a silly dress to be perched up there in the window of Eaton's!" She shook her head in disgust. "Who on earth would want such a splashy dress?" As we continued down the street, mother turned back for one more look. "My goodness! You'd think they'd display something a person could use!" Christmas was nearing, and the red dress was soon forgotten. Mother, of all people, was not one to wish for, or spend money on, items that were not practical. "There are things we need more than this," she'd always say, or, "There are things we need more than that." Father, on the other hand, liked to indulge whenever the budget allowed. Of course, he'd get a scolding for his occasional splurging, but it was all done with the best intention. Like the time he brought home the electric range. In our old Muskoka farmhouse on Oxtongue Lake, Mother was still cooking year-round on a wood stove. In the summer, the kitchen would be so hot even the houseflies wouldn't come inside. Yet, there would be Mother – roasting - right along with the pork and turnips. One day, Dad surprised her with a fancy new electric range. She protested, of course, saying that the wood stove cooked just dandy, that the electric stove was too dear and that it would cost too much hydro to run it. All the while, however, she was polishing its already shiny chrome knobs. In spite of her objections, Dad and I knew that she cherished that new stove. There were many other modern things that old farm needed, like indoor plumbing and a clothes dryer, but Mom insisted that those things would have to wait until we could afford them. Mom was forever doing chores - washing laundry by hand, tending the pigs and working in our huge garden - so she always wore mended, cotton-print housedresses and an apron to protect the front. She did have one or two "special" dresses saved for church on Sundays. And with everything else she did, she still managed to make almost all of our clothes. They weren't fancy, but they did wear well. That Christmas I bought Dad a handful of fishing lures from the Five to a Dollar store, and wrapped them individually in matchboxes so he'd have plenty of gifts to open from me. Choosing something for Mother was much harder. When Dad and I asked, she thought carefully then hinted modestly for some tea towels, face cloths or a new dishpan. On our last trip to town before Christmas, we were driving up Main Street when Mother suddenly exclaimed in surprise: "Would you just look at that!" She pointed excitedly as Dad drove past Eaton's. "That big red dress is gone," she said in disbelief. "It's actually gone." "Well . . . I'll be!" Dad chuckled. "By golly, it is!" "Who'd be fool enough to buy such a frivolous dress?" Mother questioned, shaking her head. I quickly stole a glance at Dad. His blue eyes were twinkling as he nudged me with his elbow. Mother craned her neck for another glimpse out the rear window as we rode on up the street. "It's gone . . ." she whispered. I was almost certain that I detected a trace of yearning in her voice. I'll never forget that Christmas morning. I watched as Mother peeled the tissue paper off a large box that read "Eaton's Finest Enamel Dishpan" on its lid. "Oh Frank," she praised, "just what I wanted!" Dad was sitting in his rocker, a huge grin on his face. "Only a fool wouldn't give a priceless wife like mine exactly what she wants for Christmas," he laughed. "Go ahead, open it up and make sure there are no chips." Dad winked at me, confirming his secret, and my heart filled with more love for my father than I thought it could hold! Mother opened the box to find a big white enamel dishpan - overflowing with crimson satin that spilled out across her lap. With trembling hands she touched the elegant material of Big Red. "Oh my goodness!" she managed to utter, her eyes filled with tears. "Oh Frank . . ." Her face was as bright as the star that twinkled on our tree in the corner of the small room. "You shouldn't have . . ." came her faint attempt at scolding. "Oh now, never mind that!" Dad said. "Let's see if it fits," he laughed, helping her slip the marvellous dress over her shoulders. As the shimmering red satin fell around her, it gracefully hid the patched and faded floral housedress underneath. I watched, my mouth agape, captivated by a radiance in my parents I had never noticed before. As they waltzed around the room, Big Red swirled its magic deep into my heart. "You look beautiful," my dad whispered to my mom - and she surely did! 经典英语文章阅读篇三 你才是我的幸福 She was dancing. My crippled grandmother was dancing. I stood in the living room doorway absolutely stunned. I glanced at the kitchen table and sure enough-right under a small, framed drawing on the wall-was a freshly baked peach pie. I heard her sing when I opened the door but did not want to interrupt the beautiful song by yelling I had arrived, so I just tiptoed to the living room. I looked at how her still-lean body bent beautifully, her arms greeting the sunlight that was pouring through the window. And her legs... Those legs that had stiffly walked, aided with a cane, insensible shoes as long as I could remember. Now she was wearing beautiful dancing shoes and her legs obeyed her perfectly. No limping. No stiffness. Just beautiful, fluid motion. She was the pet of the dancing world. And then she’d had her accident and it was all over. I had read that in an old newspaper clipping. She turned around in a slow pirouette and saw me standing in the doorway. Her song ended, and her beautiful movements with it, so abruptly that it felt like being shaken awake from a beautiful dream. The sudden silence rang in my ears. Grandma looked so much like a kid caught with her hand in a cookie jar that I couldn’t help myself, and a slightly nervous laughter escaped. Grandma sighed and turned towards the kitchen. I followed her, not believing my eyes. She was walking with no difficulties in her beautiful shoes. We sat down by the table and cut ourselves big pieces of her delicious peach pie. "So...” I blurted, “How did your leg heal?" "To tell you the truth—my legs have been well all my life," she said. "But I don’t understand!" I said, "Your dancing career... I mean... You pretended all these years? "Very much so," Grandmother closed her eyes and savored the peach pie, "And for a very good reason." "What reason?" "Your grandfather." "You mean he told you not to dance?" "No, this was my choice. I am sure I would have lost him if I had continued dancing. I weighed fame and love against each other and love won." She thought for a while and then continued. “We were talking about engagement when your grandfather had to go to war. It was the most horrible day of my life when he left. I was so afraid of losing him, the only way I could stay sane was to dance. I put all my energy and time into practicing—and I became very good. Critics praised me, the public loved me, but all I could feel was the ache in my heart, not knowing whether the love of my life would ever return. Then I went home and read and re-read his letters until I fell asleep. He always ended his letters with ‘You are my Joy. I love you with my life’ and after that he wrote his name. And then one day a letter came. There were only three sentences: ‘I have lost my leg. I am no longer a whole man and now give you back your freedom. It is best you forget about me.’” "I made my decision there and then. I took my leave, and traveled away from the city. When I returned I had bought myself a cane and wrapped my leg tightly with bandages. I told everyone I had been in a car crash and that my leg would never completely heal again. My dancing days were over. No one suspected the story—I had learned to limp convincingly before I returned home. And I made sure the first person to hear of my accident was a reporter I knew well. Then I traveled to the hospital. They had pushed your grandfather outside in his wheelchair. There was a cane on the ground by his wheelchair. I took a deep breath, leaned on my cane and limped to him. " By now I had forgotten about the pie and listened to grandma, mesmerized. “What happened then?” I hurried her when she took her time eating some pie. "I told him he was not the only one who had lost a leg, even if mine was still attached to me. I showed him newspaper clippings of my accident. ‘So if you think I’m going to let you feel sorry for yourself for the rest of your life, think again. There is a whole life waiting for us out there! I don’t intend to be sorry for myself. But I have enough on my plate as it is, so you’d better snap out of it too. And I am not going to carry you-you are going to walk yourself.’" Grandma giggled, a surprisingly girlish sound coming from an old lady with white hair. "I limped a few steps toward him and showed him what I’d taken out of my pocket. ‘Now show me you are still a man,’ I said, ‘I won’t ask again.’ He bent to take his cane from the ground and struggled out of that wheelchair. I could see he had not done it before, because he almost fell on his face, having only one leg. But I was not going to help. And so he managed it on his own and walked to me and never sat in a wheelchair again in his life." "What did you show him?" I had to know. Grandma looked at me and grinned. "Two engagement rings, of course. I had bought them the day after he left for the war and I was not going to waste them on any other man." I looked at the drawing on the kitchen wall, sketched by my grandfather’s hand so many years before. The picture became distorted as tears filled my eyes. “You are my Joy. I love you with my life.” I murmured quietly. The young woman in the drawing sat on her park bench and with twinkling eyes smiled broadly at me, an engagement ring carefully drawn on her finger. 看了“经典英语文章阅读”的人还看了： 1. 经典美文阅读:生命在于完整 2. 英语经典美文阅读:品味现在 3. 经典美文佳作英汉阅读 4. 励志经典英语美文阅读 5. 一生必读的英文经典美文
临床研究的论文也有很多种，临床医学研究论文分为：临床经验体会、病例报告、病例报告、病例分析、病案讨论、临床经验总结、专题研究报告、新技术新方法等。
中医临床研究论文写法
导语：论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章，简称之为论文。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段，又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。它包括学年论文、毕业论文、学位论文、科技论文、成果论文等。中医在我国的历史源远流长，那么中医的临床研究论文要怎么写？下面是我收集的中医的临床研究论文写法，希望对你有帮助。
一、题目
论文首先要有简明而涵意丰富的题目。即题目应概括全文，简短明了，引人注目。
(一)内容
1、能概括全篇论文主要内容枣全文缩影。
2、包含有关键词(实词)。
3、应能反映文章的科学假说。
4、准确、易懂的学术枣避免文艺性、夸张性、广告性语言。
(二)要求
1、简短：一般不超过25个字，简洁明了，实事求是。例如：益智颗粒治疗血管性痴呆的研究。
2、具体：包括具体研究内容，不能抽象、笼统、含蓄和过大。例如：高血压病的研究、中结合治疗肿瘤。
3、引人注目，富有创意，使人看到题目，愿意读下去，了解具体内容。例如：温运阳气在急性黄疸肝炎治疗中的作用、 复方丹参滴丸治疗心绞痛(不稳定、变异、心梗后)。
(三)注意事项
1、动笔前想标题，写完后定标题。
2、反复推敲，删除无用虚词如，“关于”、“研究”、“观察”、“系统”等。
3、题目中不使用缩写词、专用词、化学分子式等不易看懂的词。
4、题目中一般不用标点符号。
二、作者和单位
(一)作者资格
1、对课题设想、设计、实施、数据处理及论术性解释有贡献者;
2、起草论文或作重要、严格修改者;
3、对论文内容负责，拍板定稿，可以解释问题者。
(二)要求
1、真名、全名。
2、按贡献排序。
3、领导、科研、者、仅做一般辅助工作者不应署名。 4、单位署名在论文第一面下边，写明联系单位的具体名称和邮编。
三、摘要
(一)内容
1、背景、研究目的、重要性。
2、完成了哪些工作：主要研究内容，包括研究对象、研究途径、方法步骤、数据处理方法。
3、主要发现具体结果：主要数据、结果及结论性意见。
4、意义和价值：创新点、学术价值和贡献。
(二)要求
1、内容精湛为主要研究内容及结果、核心、创造性内容。虽然字数少但内容完整、系统、准确、便于收录文摘及检索系统。
2、上要概括性强，文字精炼，字数150个字左右。
四、关键词和主题词
(一)定义
关键词：作者采作的能够表达文献内容的未规范化的自然语言。
主题词：将提出的关键词根据相应的主题词表进行规范化的自然语言。
(二)提取方法
1、主题分析：剖析、浓缩、提炼能够反映文章主题的关键性词和词组。
2、分解复合概念：将多个词组构成的复合概念分解成简单概念的词或词组。
3、提出关键词或词组
阿期匹林防治缺血性脑血管病的临床流行病学研究 老年食管癌性狭窄 内镜下五种治疗效果评价
(三)注意事项
1、关键词应尽可能表达简单概念，词组应是习惯使用的复合概念。对主题的表达应准确，防止过粗或过细。例如：缺血性脑血管病/脑血管病 白细胞介素 1/白细胞介素 缺血性、出血性脑血管病/脑血管病 白细胞介素白介素类
五、前言(引言、序言)
(一)目的
论文正文前面一段短文，目的是向读者介绍本文的背景知识，主题、目的和总纲，引导读者阅读和理解文章内容。
(二)内容
1、简述研究课题来源及理论依据，包括密切相关的少量文献资料。
2、该项研究重要价值。
3、研究目的、范围、方法及特点。
(三)写作
1、提纲挈领，开门见山，直接切题。
2、观点鲜明，问题突出，反应本文研究问题，需求迫切，意义重大以引起共鸣。
3、字数一般150-300字。
(四)注意事项
1、文章的帽子枣引出文章枣恰到好处。
2、回顾研究应避免繁琐，一言以敝之才好。
3、不要论文中的数据和结论。
4、评价水平的用词要科学有依据，慎用国内外未见报道，首次报道创造性等词语。
六、与方法
(一)受试对象
1、实验的受试对象如是病人，应说明来自住院或门诊，同时必须将疾病诊断标准纳入标准，排除标准病情判断依据、疗效判断标准、性别年龄以及有关情况加经简介，还应说明观察条件。正常对照应说明来源、健康含义、性别、年龄及有关情况。
2、受试对象若是动物，则应说明来源、种系、性别、年龄、体重、健康情况、麻醉与手术方法等等。
3、临床研究还要注意病证结合，对动物要扼要描叙模型复制的方法。
4、应说明分组原则与样本分配方法(配对、配伍或完全随机)。
(二)被试因素
1、被试因素是药物时，应说明药物来源(包括批号)、剂量、施加途径与手段。中草药还应注明学名，说明产地与制剂方法。2、倘若以疗法作为被试因素，那么该疗法的出处、施加等级与方法、疗程等等都应加扼要介绍。
3、被试因素与受试对象如何组合安排，均可以设计方案形式明确地予以表达。
(三)反应指标
至于反应指标的`测定方法，如系通用的常规方法，仅提名称即可;如系较新方法，则应注明出处;如果为了适应本实验的需要，对某方法作了一些小的改良，则应说明修改的根据与内容;倘若本文所使用的方法是作者自己建立的新方法，那么新的方法事先应另行成文，不要将新方法介绍与运用该方法研究的新问题混在一篇文章中;若论文属于报道新的方法，则应详尽具体，特别是试剂配制与实验具体操作步骤应当清楚，便于读者学习与推广应用。
试剂如系常规试剂，说明名称、来源、规格、批号即可;若系新的试剂，还需写出分子式与(或)结构式;如需要配制，则应将配方与制备方法一并交代清楚。所用重要仪器也应注明生产厂家与型号。
一、类型根据医学论文的内容和涉及的学科范围、研究方法等,大致可以分为以下一些类型1.按论文的内容及学科分类(1)实验性医学论文:基础医学论文和应用基础医学论文,研究的内容均属于实验性医学范畴。(2)应用性医学论文:临床医学论文、医学调查报告、预防医学论文等,研究内容均属于应用性医学范畴。(3)理论性医学论文:医学哲学、医学方法学、医学统计学、医史学、医学伦理学、医学社会学、医学纶济学、医学新闻学等,研究内容均属于医学理论范畴。2.按研究方法分类(1)理论型:此类论文的研究方法主要是通过理论推理、证明和分析,总结出新的规律、新的理论新的见解等。(2)实验型:这类论文的研究方法是通过设计实验方案,进行实验研究,最后得出实验结果。这是医学论文中常见的类型。(3)调查型:这类论文的研究方法是以调查的方法取得科学资料,调查的方法又可以分为前瞻性和回顾性两种。(4)观察型:这类论文的研究方法是靠人的感官和仪器对事物或人进行观察和研究,并作出科学的解释(5)综合型:这类论文的研究方法是综合运用了上述两种或两种以上的研究方法。二、体栽目前我国医学学术期刊刊登的文稿大致可以分为评论类文。稿,论著类文稿,简报类文稿,学术讨论类文稿,病例报告类文稿综述、讲座类文稿,消息类文稿,会议文献类文稿等8大类1.评论类文稿刊登此类文稿的常见栏目有:述评、社论、专论、专家论坛、编者按、编者的话、编后语、文后评论、书刊评介等8大类。述评类文稿(包括社论、专论、专家论坛、焦点论坛等文稿)此类文稿是作者或编者对某一科研项目、研究专题、某一领域的研究工作、某一个问题或某一组科研论文进行全面、深入的阐述和精辟的评论,也可以侧重对某一方面进行深人的评论。编者的话、编者按及编后语:此类文稿是从编者的角度对刊物或某一组或某一篇具体文章进行评论或阐述。编者的话涉及的范围较广,内容较全面。它可以是编者在新年开始对刊物编辑工作的设想、安排,以及对作者、读者的要求和希望等;或是年终时对一年工作的回顾和总结;或对某一期文章的内容进行介绍和评述。编者按和编后语的针对性很强,往往是针对具体文章或文章中的某个具体的观点或方法进行评论。文后评论:文后评论或称特邀评论,是针对具体文章写的评论,紧排在所评论的文章之后。撰稿者是编者邀请的在某一方面造诣很深的专家书刊评介:此类文稿是就近期国内外公开出版发行的医学书刊进行评论和介绍。2.论著类文稿论著类文稿也称为原著类文稿,是总结基础医学研究、临床医学研究、预防医学研究和现场调査研究等方面研究成果的文章。论著类文章是医学期刊的核心部分。刊登论著类文稿的常见栏目有:论著、实验研究、临床研究流行病学调查、药物与临床检验与临床等3,简报类文稿此类文稿是将原著中的重要内容高度概括后(提供主要的方法、数据、结果),以简练的文字表达出来。刊登此类文稿的常见栏目有:简报、技术交流、经验交流、快讯等。简报类文稿:此类文稿的内容较论著的重要性相对稍差,或系初步研究,或同类的内容已报道过但在某一方面仍有一定的学术价值。技术交流类文稿:此类文稿是介绍临床、实验室或其他技术操作工作中的新方法、新技术,或对某种方法、技术、器械的改进快讯:此类文稿是将医药卫生科研工作中的新成果和新内容以快报的形式快速地报道出来。4.学术讨论类文稿刊登此类文稿的常见栏目有:会议纪要、专题笔谈、临床病理(例)讨论、疑难病例析评、危重症抢救、学术讨论、读者·作者·编者、读者来信等。会议纪要和专题笔谈类文稿:此类文稿是杂志编委会或编辑部就当前临床工作或基础理论研究中存在的问题,或某方面的新进展,召开专题座谈会或组织有关专家进行的书面笔谈,最后综合整理而成。它能及时地反映某一专题或领域的最新进展和成果,对指导具体工作有普遍的意义。临床病理(例)讨论类文稿:此类文稿是对临床实践中的疑难病例,就其诊断和治疗方面的经验和教训而组织相关学科进行的学术讨论,并加以整理和总结。5.病例报告类文稿此类文稿是介绍疑难、危重病例和罕见病例的诊治经验。刊登此类文稿的栏目有:病例报告、个案分析疑难病例析评等。6.综述、讲座类文稿刊登此类文稿的常见栏目有:综述、研究进展、讲座、继续教育、基础知识、名词解释等。综述类文稿:此类文稿是反映某一领域或某一专题研究进展和动态的文稿。它可以分为叙述性综述和系统性综述( systematic review)。叙述性综述是就某一专题在某一段时间内发表的国内外文献进行归纳、分析后作出具有倾向性和评价性的综合阐述。系统性综述是根据特殊人群,针对某一具体临床问题系统地检索文献,并按照统一的科学标准,筛选出合格的研究,最后通过综合分析和统计学处理得出可靠的结论。系统性综述较叙述性综述对临床的指导意义大,科学性也强。讲座及继续教育类文稿:此类文稿是向读者系统地介绍某专业或专题研究的基础知识或临床知识的文稿。其特点是较教科书的内容新颖,且有作者的经验或评价。7.消息类文稿刊登此类文稿的常见栏目有:国内学术动态、国际学术动态、科研简讯、吋讯、信息及会议消息等。此类文稿信息涵盖面广,时效性强、8.会议文献类文稿此类文稿包括全国性学术会议的开幕词、闭幕词、重要讲话、会议通过的决议及章程等。