你可以上GOOGLE学术上搜一搜看看目录,有很多,中文和英文的都很多,然后再可以上中国期刊网或万方上搜一些中文的资料,到sciencedirect上搜一些英文文献
Despite their ostensible crumbling , flaking ,sagging or wilting ,the diminutive ceramic sculptures of Chinese artist Bai Ming are inspired less by fascination with the visual effects of decay than by respect for forms that resist the destructive influences of time .In these minimalist works ,time seems the agent in a process of abstraction that seizes the essence of endurance ,and compresses that quality into dense masses of clay scarcely larger than a person’s heart . This vague allusion to the heart ----both as a vital organ and as the symbolic locus of sentiment - provides a key to the integral relationship between time and humanity that Ming’s works are intended to express. These simple sculptures, simultaneously melancholic and majestic, are in their ambivalence characteristically human, blending a lamentation over the effects of time with a kind of apologia for it. “I am,” say Ming, “very sensitive to the significance of time for human life .In my work, I strongly emphasize transformation. It is a serious theme ,because time changes people form young to old .However ,I am also acutely aware of the value of time , since it can leave behind an elite body of cultural knowledge.” Once a student and now a faculty member at the Central Academy of Art and Design at Tsing-Hua University in Beijing , Ming could hardly have been indoctrinated into a more “elite body of cultural knowledge ” than that of Jingdezhen porcelain production . The utilitarian works through which he established his reputation as a ceramist in the early 1990s clearly the influence of this venerable tradition, not only in terms of materials and techniques but also through incorporation of such distinctive features as the glazed foot, a Jingdezhen innovation once reserved exclusively for wares commissioned by the imperial household. Technically flawless and serenely elegant , Ming’s porcelain vessels are all the more impressive for the knowledge that ,over the past decade ,only part of his time has been devoted to his career as a potter .Truly multifaceted ,he has authored three books on contemporary ceramics ,and achieved important stature as a painter whose somber textural compositions recall European postwar abstractionists such as Alberto Burri and Antoni Tapies ,while elaborating a distinctly Chinese perspective on nature. Four pieces the "sit in meditation-The Forms and Process" series ,to approximately 8 inches(20 centimeters) in high, porcelain Despite the material and stylistic distinctions between his pottery and paintings, he has always maintained a conceptual unity to his creative activity .The long -standing Jingdezhen tradition -into which new forms have been periodically introduced while the porcelain itself and the technology used to produce it have remained remarkably constant over the centuries-is analogous, for Ming, to the eternal essence of nature, which perseveres despite the convolutions of history. Perhaps it was inevitable that he would consider bringing his work in clay stylistically more in line with the nature symbolism of his paintings .This would entail a move into the realm of sculpture -where conceptual concerns would be solely responsible for dictating form and content--- without compromising the knowledge of convention gained form his background as a potter. Working in Jingdezhen porcelain, Ming decided to develop a series of abstract sculptures that would simultaneously emphasize the characteristics of tradition and transformation, perseverance and natural decay .Although the softness of the clay body initially hindered his efforts, it would ultimately lead to the fortuitous discovery of the simple, compact stele form to which he subsequently adhered for the majority of his sculptures. “I frequently failed in my early sculptures,” he recalls, “because the clay was just not stiff enough, and the form that I constructed collapsed. But after one such unsuccessful attempt ,I massed the clay in the traditional Jingdezhen way and was preparing to discard it ,when I realized that its shape was reminiscent of a meditative position in yoga .Form the time I was ten years old ,I have worked while sitting in a similar fashion cross-legged on the floor . I can sit in that position comfortably for five or six hours at a time .Something about the piece that I had made by accident suggested this position .Obviously, it wasn’t literal. It had something to do with the motion, the feeling of being both compact and slightly twisted around.” Drawing inspiration from this impression, Ming set about producing a series of unobtrusive 8-inch sculptures intended to suggest contemplative states, Entitled “Sit in Meditation-The Forms and Process,” the series reflects Ming’s general affinity for meditative practices rather than a specifically religious dedication. “I’m not a devout follower of Zen,” he explains, “but I have always been involved in cultural practices that derive from it. Untitled ,from the "sit in meditation-The Forms and Process" series ,to approximately 8 inches(20 centimeters) in high, porcelain “My way of stretching or positioning myself when I work is very much related to Zen .The works themselves reflect upon this kind of motion ,which in turn is a way of ordering the mind .My work is simple and pure ,a reflection of my lifestyle. I’m accustomed to spending time drinking tea, writing and meditating .They’re peaceful activities, and that’s the sense that I want to convey through my work.” The early works in the “Sit in Meditation” series ,consisting of porcelain accentuated by sparing applications of blue and white glazes ,are closely linked ,materially and conceptually , to Jingdezhen pottery .Their is enhanced by the balance between incised rectangular forms and more spontaneous punctuate patterns. In addition, a quiet dialogue is established between smoothly glazed surfaces and irregularly dimpled and fissured expanses. Often the individual sculptures appear similar to one another in form but are unique in the traces of process on their surfaces, a point that Ming emphasizes in relation to the dynamic between the one and the many in Zen. “The position of meditation is the form,” he explains, “not the content , which is process .This process involves achieving levels of understanding .The sculptures could be compared to a group of people sitting together in the same meditative position ,but each achieving a different state of understanding .” In the spring of 2001, his work entered a new and more openly expressive phase when he began a residency at the Clay Studio in Philadelphia .Although he continued to emphasize the serene ,concentrated mass characteristic of his “Sit in Meditation” series , he temporarily abandoned porcelain for stoneware ,and began exploring a slightly brighter and more varied palette. “In Philadelphia, I began to exaggerate the color,” he explains. “It was a natural response to my experiences in America. There were so many things that were different in my daily life. I heard a lot of jazz music, for instance, and I was trying a lot of new foods. My new lifestyle began to affect my work in important ways. ” Equally significant was the availability of a variety of commercial glazes. Unaccustomed to such a broad selection, Ming enthusiastically explored new and more dynamic color combinations. Although the works that Ming produced in Philadelphia, he is quick to assert that their underlying inspiration remained essentially Chinese. For example , in addition to works for the “Sit in Meditation” series , he produced several low ,horizontal sculptures that allude both to the narrow ,rectangular format of traditional Chinese scrolls and to the mountain ranges that are a recurring theme in classical literati painting . "scenery ,"from the "Mountains and Rivers with Time " series,26 inches(66 centimeters) in length ,glazed stoneware "scenery ,"from the "Mountains and Rivers with Time " series,26 inches(66 centimeters) in length ,glazed stoneware ,by Bai Ming, Beijing, ChinaThe overall form shared by the sculptures of the “Mountains and Rivers with Time” series suggests a literal expanse of peaks, and the rough textures of the pieces are reminiscent of eroded stone. At the same time, the surfaces are articulated in a loose brushwork that emphasizes the nature of the mountains as representations. “I like to develop two principles in my work,” Ming explains. “One is clearly that of the ceramic artist, a three-dimensional orientation toward real space, but there is also the conceptual sensitivity of a painter.” The integral relationship between the material and the conceptual in the work of art became particularly significant to Ming several years ago during a visit to the famous Yungang Buddhist caves at the foot of Wuzhou Mountain in China’s Shanxi Province .The 53 chambers of this historic site contain dozens of sculptures hewn from the living rock, but the most imposing feature is the colossal Buddha carved from the face of the mountain itself ,an insinuation of the human body into the immortal substance of nature .While Ming made no attempt to represent the specific attributes of the site in his own sculptures ,the caves and their carving held important implications for him regarding the integration of human art and ingenuity with a form and material that are literally as old as the hills. If there is melancholy in the reflection that the cave reliefs are the work of ancient hands that left no other trace of their brief existence in the world, there is something equally inspirational about the perseverance of the sculptures themselves. For Ming, time is the greatest abstracter of all, and what survives its relentless negation is not only awe inspiring, but the purest form of truth. “I am interested in the motion of time and the traces of meaning that it leaves behind in things that seem eternal,” he explains. “For that reason ,inorganic objects touch me more than living things .The carvings in the Yungang caves ,for example ,affect me more than grass or birds ,the kind of nature that doesn’t endure for thousands of years .The region where the caves are located is a dry expanse under a vast sky ,but somehow in those conditions a great culture left its traces for the ages . That is what excites me, and that is what inspires my sculpture.”
Thin embryo your majesty Gao Mei lives gentleman, is engaged in the ceramic work already more than 50 years, accepts the Chinese country leader to invite many times, to visit various countries' head specially makes the ritual guest thin embryo large bowl, its work many times in places displays such as Hong Kong, Macao, Indonesia, because its bowl has the thin like paper, characteristics and so on Bai Ruyu, sound like Qing, Ming Rujing, but is deep famous litterateur's consistent high praise and the collection from all walks of life. This time unfolds the bowl is work its 71 year old of!
"陶瓷"是一种通称,"陶"和"瓷"在质地上、物理性能上有很大区别。中国是最早制造陶器的国家之一,是最早发明瓷器的国家。 陶器的出现大约在距今1万年左右,中国进入新石器时代,开始了定居生活,盛水、蓄物等日常生活的需要,促使了陶器的发明。中国陶器的分布比较广泛,主要集中的在黄河流域和长江流域。其中仰韶文化是新石器时期比较有代表性的文化类型,以彩陶为特点,也称"彩陶文化",它派生出半坡和庙底沟两个类型,装饰图案有很高的艺术价值。马家窑文化是新石器晚期的文化类型,比仰韶文化略晚,距今约5000年。黑陶是继彩陶之后的又一伟大创造发明,距今约4000年的龙山文化时期,出现了工艺独特的蛋壳陶。近些年来,山东、河北一带多有仿制,有较高的收藏价值。秦汉时期的陶俑,是我国古代人物雕塑的高峰,使制陶技术和艺术达到了很高的境地。此外,唐代的三彩器、明清两代的紫砂器等,都是中国陶器文物的重要内容,很值得深入收藏和研究。 陶瓷(Ceramics),陶器和瓷器的总称。陶瓷的传统概念是指所有以粘土等无机非金属矿物为原料的人工工业产品。它包括由粘土或含有粘土的混合物经混炼,成形,煅烧而制成的各种制品。由最粗糙的土器到最精细的精陶和瓷器都属于它的范围。对于它的主要原料是取之于自然界的硅酸盐矿物(如粘土、长石、石英等),因此与玻璃、水泥、搪瓷、耐火材料等工业,同属于"硅酸盐工业"(Silicate Industry)的范畴。 陶瓷的发展史是中华文明史的一个重要的组成部分,中国作为四大文明古国之一,为人类社会的进步和发展做出了卓越的贡献,其中陶瓷的发明和发展更具有独特的意义,中国历史上各朝各代不同艺术风格和不同技术特点。英文中的"china"既有中国的意思,又有陶瓷的意思,清楚地表明了中国就是"陶瓷的故乡"。changaiyin 早在欧洲人掌握瓷器制造技术一千多年前,中国人就已经制造出很精美的陶瓷器。中国是世界上最早应用陶器的国家之一,而中国瓷器因其极高的实用性和艺术性而备受世人的推崇。 所谓陶器和瓷器是指用可塑性制瓷粘土和瓷石矿做胎体,用长石和石英等原料制釉,并且通过成型、干燥、烧制而成的制品,主要有日用、艺术、和建筑陶器等三种。考古发现已经证明中国人早在新石器时代(约公元前8000)就发明了陶器。原始社会晚期出现的农业生产使中国人的祖先过上了比较固定的生活,客观上对陶器有了需求。人们为了提高生活的方便,提高生活质量,逐渐通过烧制粘土烧制出了陶器。 随着近代科学技术的发展,近百年来又出现了许多新的陶瓷品种。它们不再使用或很少使用粘土、长石、石英等传统陶瓷原料,而是使用其他特殊原料,甚至扩大到非硅酸盐,非氧化物的范围,并且出现了许多新的工艺。美国和欧洲一些国家的文献已将"Ceramic"一词理解为各种无机非金属固体材料的通称。因此陶瓷的含义实际上已远远超越过去狭窄的传统观念了。 迄今为止,陶瓷器的界说似可概括地作如下描述:陶瓷是用铝硅酸盐矿物或某些氧化物等为主要原料,依照人的意图通过特定的物理化学工艺在高温下以一定的温度和气氛制成的具有一定型式的工艺岩石。表面可施釉或不施釉,若干瓷质还具有不同程度的半透明度,通体是由一种或多种晶体或与无定形胶结物及气孔或与熟料包裹体等微观结构组成。 陶瓷工业是硅酸盐工业的主要分支之一,属于无机化学工业范围.但现代科学高度综合,互相渗透,从整个陶瓷工业制造工艺的内容来分析,它的错综复杂与牵涉之广,显然不是仅用无机化学的理论所能概括的。 陶瓷制品的品种繁多,它们之间的化学成分.矿物组成,物理性质,以及制造方法,常常互相接近交错,无明显的界限,而在应用上却有很大的区别。因此很难硬性地归纳为几个系统,详细的分类法各家说法不一,到现在国际上还没有一个统一的分类方法。"Ceramic" is a generic term, "Tao" and "Porcelain" in texture, the physical properties there are very different. China was among the first to create one of the countries of pottery, porcelain was one of the first invention. The emergence of pottery dating back about 1 million years or so, China has entered the New Stone Age, began to settle in life, water, with objects of daily life, such as the need to promote the invention of pottery. Chinese pottery wider distribution, mainly in the Yangtze River and Yellow River Basin. Yangshao culture which is the New Stone Age culture more representative of the type, characterized by painted pottery, also known as the "painted pottery culture", which derived Banpo and Miao Digou two types of decorative patterns, has high artistic value. Majiayao culture is the culture of the late New Stone Age type than a little late Yangshao culture, since about 5000. Black painted pottery is the second after another great invention, since about 4000 the Longshan Culture period, there has been a unique process of eggshell pottery. In recent years, Shandong, Hebei and more in the vicinity of imitation, there is a high value for collection. Qin and Han Dynasty pottery figurine of China's ancient sculpture of the peak figure, so that the ceramic technology and the arts reached a high position. In addition, three of the color of the Tang Dynasty, the Ming and Qing dynasties such as Yixing, China is an important aspect of pottery relics, it is worthy of collection and research. Ceramics (Ceramics), the general term for pottery and porcelain. Ceramic refers to the traditional concept of all inorganic non-metallic minerals such as clay as raw material of artificial industrial products. It consists of clay from or containing a mixture of clay by kneading, molding, and calcined made of a variety of products. By the most rough-earth to the most refined of the fine pottery and porcelain are it. For its main raw materials are derived from natural silicate minerals (such as clay, feldspar, quartz, etc.), and glass, cement, ceramic, refractory material, such as industry, with an "industrial silicate" (Silicate Industry ) Area. The history of ceramics is the history of Chinese civilization is an important part of China, as one of the four ancient civilizations, human development and social progress made outstanding contributions, including the invention of ceramics and the development of a more unique significance , The history of China-North Korea on behalf of all the different artistic styles and different technical characteristics. English of "china" China not only mean, ceramics and mean, clearly demonstrates China is the "hometown of pottery." changaiyin As early as the Europeans have porcelain manufacturing technology over 1000 years ago, Chinese people have created a very fine ceramics. China is the world's first application of one of the countries pottery, and porcelain from China for its high artistic quality and relevance of the world have attracted much praise. The so-called pottery and porcelain refers to the use of plastic ware and porcelain clay quarry to do matrix, quartz and feldspar, and other raw materials-glaze, and through the forming, drying, firing from the products, mainly for daily use, art, and architecture Three pottery. Archaeological discoveries have proved that the Chinese people as early as the Neolithic Age (about 8000 BC) invented pottery. The emergence of primitive society with advanced agricultural production so that the ancestors of the Chinese people lead a life of a relatively fixed, the objective of pottery with the demand. In order to improve people's lives easier, improve the quality of life, gradually burn through the burning out of the clay pottery. With the development of modern science and technology, and the past 100 years there have been many new varieties of ceramics. They no longer use or the use of small clay, feldspar, quartz and other traditional ceramic materials, but the use of other special materials, and even extended to non-silicate, non-oxide scope, and there have been a lot of new technology. The United States and some European countries have literature "Ceramic" understanding of the term for a variety of solid inorganic non-metallic materials known. Therefore, the meaning of ceramics in fact go far beyond the traditional concept in the past the narrow. To date, the Definition of ceramics may be generally described as follows: The ceramic is aluminum silicate minerals such as oxides or as the main raw material, in accordance with the intention of people through specific physical and chemical processes at a high temperature to a certain degree of Temperature and atmosphere made of a certain type of rock technology. Glazing may be on the surface or glazing, porcelain has a number of different levels of transparency and a half, the species by one or more of the crystal and amorphous or cement and clinker with pores or inclusions, such as micro-structure. Portland ceramic industry is one of the main branches of industry, belong to the scope of inorganic chemical industry. However, modern science and highly integrated with each other to infiltrate from the ceramic industry as a whole manufacturing process to analyze the contents of its complex and involve wide, is not only Using the theory of inorganic chemistry can be summarized. A wide variety of ceramic products, their chemical composition. Mineral composition, physical properties, as well as manufacturing methods, often close to each other staggered, no boundaries, and in the application there is a huge difference. Therefore, it is difficult to be summed up in a few hard and fast system, a detailed classification of the various different view, the international community to now there is no uniform classification.
关于陶瓷的毕业论文开题报告的格式(通用) 1 总述开题报告的总述部分应首先提出选题,并简明扼要地说明该选题的目的、目前相关课题研究情况、理论适用、研究方法、必要的数据等等。 2 提纲开题报告包含的论文提纲可以是粗线条的,是一个研究构想的基本框架。可采用整句式或整段式提纲形式。在开题阶段,提纲的目的是让人清楚论文的基本框架,没有必要像论文目录那样详细。 开题报告学生:一、 选题意义 1、 理论意义 2、 现实意义 二、 论文综述 1、 理论的渊源及演进过程 2、 国外有关研究的综述 3、 国内研究的综述 4、 本人对以上综述的评价 三、 论文提纲前言、一、1、2、3、 二、1、2、3、 三、1、2、3、结论四、论文写作进度安排 毕业论文开题报告提纲 一、开题报告封面:论文题目、系别、专业、年级、姓名、导师 二、目的意义和国内外研究概况 三、论文的理论依据、研究方法、研究内容 四、研究条件和可能存在的问题 五、预期的结果 六、进度安排
陶瓷艺术是一门古老的艺术形式。陶器的出现已有了八千多年的历史,在东汉晚期,瓷器已相当成熟,从而中国是最早发明瓷器的国家。下面是我为大家整理的陶瓷艺术教学论文,供大家参考。
陶瓷艺术教学初探
陶瓷艺术教学论文摘要
摘 要:陶瓷是陶器和瓷器的总称。陶瓷具有悠久的发展历史,从陶到瓷经历了漫长的发展过程。从新石器时代到河姆渡文明,从青瓷到彩瓷,从唐三彩到宋名窑等,现代的陶瓷更是进入了精美细腻且具有声、光、磁和电等等功能的新型陶瓷时代。陶瓷艺术即是古老的又是现代的,我们该如何进行其的教学呢?本文将对陶瓷艺术教学进行探究,阐述陶瓷艺术教学的重要性,分析当前陶瓷艺术 教育 的现状及发展中存在的问题,并提出有利于其教育发展的相关建议及意见,以供同行加以借鉴与参考。
陶瓷艺术教学论文内容
关键词:陶瓷艺术;教学;策略;初探
中图分类号:J527 文献标识码:A 文章 编号:1005-5312(2014)23-0220-01
在我国,陶瓷艺术是一门依托于陶瓷全行业发展的学科,其本身具有特殊性与广阔性,这也将是陶瓷艺术专业得以长久存在和发展进步的源泉动力。因此,需要我们对陶瓷艺术教学进行一定程度的变革,想方设法将陶瓷艺术教学办好。
一、陶瓷艺术教学的重要性
陶瓷艺术是我国五千年文明历史中较为重要的一个象征,它是中国人民的集体智慧的结晶,陶瓷艺术 文化 的延伸和传承,对人类历史文明有着杰出的贡献,记载了中国人民艺术发展的历史,彰显了国家历史文化的发展历程,是我们民族的最重要的骄傲之一。现如今,虽已进入了工业高速发展的社会阶段,但陶瓷艺术仍具有无法估量的重大的时代价值。这不仅在于陶瓷成为了人类社会生活中不可缺少的一个部分,有极高的美学欣赏价值,更重要的是陶瓷艺术是古代人们开启人类智慧的重要之举,是帮助认识国家文明历史发展历程的重要助手。把陶瓷艺术文化世世代代相传下去是中华民族的责任,陶瓷艺术教育是传播陶瓷艺术文化的最为有效的 方法 。在当今,陶瓷艺术教学有众多积极的意义。陶瓷艺术教学不仅能开发人的思维,陶冶情操,培养素养,而且还可以传授艺术知识,使学生更加了解认同民族的文化。陶瓷艺术教育既是一项职业技术的教育,更加是综合、多维、立体的教育。现代陶瓷艺术教育的工作重心点是把陶瓷艺术发扬光大,要做好此重心工作需对陶瓷艺术教育积极的意义进行深刻的认识,重视陶瓷艺术教育的地位。
二、陶瓷艺术教育的现状
我国陶瓷艺术教育虽然已经历了大半世纪的时间,但仍未能取得突破性的进展。大部分的教育仍采用技巧的教学为主的教育观念,追求“经技入道”。只有技巧但无思想无创造力的人即是所谓的匠人,只能跟着别人的后面跑,永远也走不出有自己特色的道路来。一个真正的艺术家,是需要有独立的思想,有主动创造的意识,同时也需要具有对学术进行不折不挠的专研精神。否则,即是具有再好的技艺,也难以在创造山有所造诣。所以,如何对陶瓷艺术教育品位进行提升,如何使得陶瓷艺术精神在教育中发扬及如何摒弃掉传统落后的师承教育的模式等等是当前陶瓷艺术教育的难题。
三、促进陶瓷艺术教学发展的策略
(一)清晰界定陶瓷艺术教学目标及发展方向
目前,我国的美术学校一般把陶瓷专业归为陶瓷艺术设计专业,这是一个较为含混含糊的提法。首先,自由的陶瓷艺术和日常使用的陶瓷产品设计两者间是具有很大的差别的,是不能混在一起的。其在专业的范畴上,日用陶瓷的设计与艺术创作展上供展的陶瓷艺术作品在创作思路及实现都有很大的区别。虽然目前还不是一个把陶瓷艺术设计专业划分为“陶瓷设计”和“自由陶瓷艺术”齐发展的好时机,但是要把此提上陶瓷艺术教育的议事日程上,作为一个陶瓷专业的发展目标,促进陶瓷专业的发展更加专业、更加深层、更加完善。
(二)加大美术院校陶瓷艺术教育经费的投入
陶瓷艺术的教育具有积极的意义,肩负着重大的任务,学校和政府教育部门应该对陶瓷艺术教育的责任和目标有深刻重要的认识,教育经费的增加投入是协助支持陶瓷艺术教育事业发展的根本基础。学校需根据经费合理的安排配置陶瓷艺术教育所需的教育设施,合理科学地分配理论教学和实践教学间的费用,避免实践与理论脱节。院校还应采用各种有效的 措施 对陶瓷艺术教育的软件设施加强建设,提高师资,除了聘请具有高素质的专业人才之外,还可广纳民间传统陶瓷艺人对学生实践进行指导,同时也可聘请专业技术造诣高的教授定期对学生进行指导。
(三)建立实践基地
陶瓷艺术实践的教学对整个教学的效果影响极大,实践教学是陶瓷艺术教育的重要环节,但当前其也是陶瓷艺术教学中相对薄弱的环节。为了加强陶瓷艺术的实践教学,院校很有必要建立陶瓷艺术实践基地,设置专门的陶瓷艺术教室,并且配置完善的实践基础设施,满足学生的实践操作所需。在建立实践基地之后,学校还应把理论教学与实践教学结合起来,适当安排实践教学的课程,注重对学生的操作动手能力的培养,让对陶瓷艺术有兴趣的人都能有机会亲自动手制作陶瓷,为广大的学生提供能让其充分展示自己创新能力的空间舞台。
(四)对教学课程进行改革
要想促进陶瓷艺术教学发展,对教学课程进行改革也是必要。其改革的重点是培养出技能型与应用型的人才,使得专业技能的教育满足适应市场的发展,其将使得学生在短时间内了解掌握陶瓷制作工艺,激发学生对陶瓷学习的兴趣,并能开发学生的潜能,提高其文化素养和审美的能力,形成鲜明独特的欣赏审美个性,激活学生创新的意识,从而使其创造出优秀的陶瓷作品。
课程的设置应注重培养学生的主动性,激发学生的 爱好 兴趣。学习者的学习动机、 学习态度 对学习的效果影响甚大,陶瓷艺术教学应注重学生的学习要求和动机,培养学生艺术创造力。在形式上,陶瓷艺术教学应以注重强调学生的主体性,通过对艺术设计构思进行多种可能性、多层次的尝试,带着目的性去需求变通的方法,寻求事物间的联系和相互关联的学习方式。在此教学中,教室带领了学生一同实践,与学生在相同的环境主体下,进行共同的创造、学习和体验。这种方式非常有利于学生能够准地把握课程主题,同时对在这过程中所建立的假设进行超越课程本身的对话,可以引导学生真正进入创造的境界,并且能够使学生最大可能地认知教学过程中的价值意向及情感流露抒发,避免刻板,使得学生能够很好地发挥创造能力和造型的表达能力,充分激发了学生的创作的热情和创新能力,使得学生能够很好地通过充分开放的方式把在课程中获得的技能、知识和个人情绪情感特征等自然流畅地表达出来。
课程的设置安排注重强调“学以致用”的教学原则。理论教学与实际教学相结合,理论联系实际。院校应尽可能地多为学生提供与教学课程相关联的信息,在思维和视野上开拓学习者对材料、造型认识的有限性。譬如,可以让学生常走出学校,走进企业工厂中,亲身去感受制作材料和陶瓷制作现场的气氛,捕捉自己对材料和手工艺的最原始的感动,从而培养他们那双敏锐的眼睛,培训他们进行实验时的能力胆量及探究摸索的兴趣。当在教师的引导下,学生对陶瓷的材料或造型工艺特别感兴趣时,这就说明了学生思维已经和事物的原创状态紧紧地联系着,到此时,教师有必要对学生的创作灵性情绪进行细化并引导,在对材料的认识和技术认知上给予适当的以点带面的指导。通过这样才能真正地把教与学互动起来,自然地学生的创作思维灵感得以很好的发挥,原始传统的被动式的教学方式得以消解。
校企合作,开拓第二堂课。通过学校与企业合作办学,实施师带徒的教育模式,全面的考虑学习者的学习要求、兴趣和目的,为学习者提供适合不同阶段、不同场所的实践活动,提高学习者的创新能力;建设新的课程体系,淘汰过于旧的课程,增加专业课程学时尽可能使得学习者精通一门工艺技术,引导学习者适应社会发展的需求,实现学生的就业。
四、结语
陶瓷艺术文化是中华民族五千年文明历史的重要象征,是中华民族的智慧结晶。在陶瓷艺术文化的延伸和传承中,教育起到了极为重要的作用。当代陶瓷技术的教学中存在着自身的不足与问题,我们需要进行深刻的认识与反省,并采取相应行之有效的措施进行改革,以促进陶瓷艺术教学的发展。
陶瓷艺术教学论文文献
[1]陈梅,范昭平.论民族院校陶瓷艺术教学改革[J].美术教育研究,2012,(11).
[2]程幸.关于传统陶瓷艺术教学模式的改革――以景德镇陶瓷古彩装饰艺术教学为例[J].职教论坛,2012,(35).
[3]楚梵.现代陶瓷艺术教学探究[J].美术教育研究,2014,(03).
浅谈明代陶瓷艺术
陶瓷艺术教学论文摘要
摘 要:中国瓷器的发展,由宋代的大江南北成百上千窑口百花争艳的态势经由元代过度之后,到明代几乎变成了由景德镇各瓷窑一统天下的局面。景德镇瓷器产品占据了全国的主要市场,因此,真正代表明代瓷业时代特征的是景德镇瓷器。景德镇的瓷器以青花为主, 其它 各类产品如釉下彩、釉上彩、斗彩、单色釉等也都十分出色。
陶瓷艺术教学论文内容
关键词:明代青花 红绿彩 装饰技法 成化瓷器 高士图 斗彩
一、明代青花的“高士图”
“高士图”是瓷器上的重要表现题材。“高士图”是以文人雅士情趣生活为题材的一种瓷器装饰的明代青花瓷器的纹饰丰富多样,高士图属于人物纹饰一类,,如王羲之爱鹅、爱兰,陶渊明爱菊,周茂叔爱莲华“高士图常见于青花瓷和斗彩描绘在瓷瓶上缸、罐、杯等器物的主要部位上装饰。
德镇青花瓷器上的高士图,从其不同时期的艺术风格和时代特征等方面考虑,将它划分为四个时期进行论述。
1、前期:洪武、永乐、宣德、正统、景泰、天顺。
前期青花高士图的特点主要有:1.器物造型以杯、瓶、碗为主;2.多使用“苏麻离青”料,色泽浓艳晕散,以国产青料为主,发色清新艳丽。中;3.构图表现较为单调,突然单个;4.高士绘画技法较为写意、工整,以一笔点画为主
明朝建国之初,治者实行了一系列宽松政治,社会经济比较繁荣,也有少量的云龙纹、庭院小景类,纹饰基本上以缠枝、折枝花卉为主。
2、中期:成化、弘治、正德。
成化、弘治、正德年间政治比较稳定经济开始繁荣,景德镇的瓷业生产得到较大的发展。青花瓷有自己的风格,物华自成一体,放开始采用国产平等青料,有所青花色泽淡雅清新,造型轻巧俊秀,绘画疏朗舒适。
成化、弘治、正德时期,是明代青花高士图的流行期。其特点主要有:1器物造型以碗、盘、罐、瓶为主;2.采用国产平等青料,发色清雅;3.秀美的自然风光为背景,但绘画不及永、宣时画法严谨;4.绘画技法既有写实,也有写意,点画与勾勒平涂并举,人物形象用笔不多却很传神,人物潇洒飘逸。
明至成化,书生人物形象总是出现在博发鬓随风飞扬,衣袂飘动,优雅脱俗之气。高士绘画是勾勒渲染,把轮廓勾勒出来,以青花料渲染,这正是明中绘画的典型手法。成化时的纹饰,以逐渐走向淡雅风格。
3、后期:嘉靖、万历。
高士图更加流行期,注重装饰,明代青花高士主要有特点:.使用国产“回青料”,青花发色浓艳;3.高士题材广泛,在传统的基础上又有创新;4.绘画多采用勾勒平涂技法。
末期:天启、崇祯。
天启、崇明代末期,社会动荡、战争不断、国力景德镇御窑几乎停产。此期的青花瓷,既沿袭了万历时的材料,又开启了明末清初的新面貌貌。
综上所述,明代青花高士图各个时期的时代脉络清晰,特征突出,前、中、后、末四个时期,分别为初创期、行期、风行期、转变期。
二、红绿彩瓷器
禹州作为著名的钧窑所在地,依据目前掌握的资料,明代禹州所产红绿彩瓷器大致,可分为明前期、中后期两个阶段。
1、前期
明前的禹州红绿彩瓷器精品大多已流失海外。此外,在河南禹州、许昌、郑州及安阳等地的旧城改造中,发现了大量的红绿彩瓷器残片,品种有白地黑花红绿彩、红绿彩绿釉黑彩及绞化妆土红绿彩。
2、中后期
自明代中后期,禹州红绿彩产量大为减少。因为大量人员受到景德镇销售行情影响有关,德镇釉上彩瓷质量上明显占优势,并且大量生产,使禹州红绿。
三、青花装饰技法
青花瓷亦称白地蓝中华花,华清新明快中博、富丽典博雅,是独具高雅审物华美品位的华中艺术瓷品种。
德化窑青物华花瓷以其装饰图案博丰富多彩、构图简介舒华物展、笔法物洒脱博华豪放华物、画风朴实大方等独特中青花瓷质地洁白、美丽、典雅大方,给人以清新明快、肃穆端庄之感。装饰技法主要是通过线条的粗细、疏密、点线博等笔法来表现各种艺术意境,中刚柔、虚实、浓淡、轻重的变化,运笔之法有中锋、侧锋、逆锋、拖等。
四、明朝成化瓷器
以斗彩最富盛名,其中大部分为景德镇烧的官窑器,还有一些民窑器。
成化烧造数量虽不及之前宣德朝的,然而品种繁多,色彩缤纷,堪称明代瓷器成化瓷器总体具有较高的艺术价值和经济价值。
1、型
成化瓷器的造型,成化瓷器既保持续了明代初期瓷器的基本物中型特点,即:口外撇,腹鼓而丰满,中给人以古拙稳重之感,同时又有自身的特色。大多为杯、盘、碗、碟、瓶、盖
2、斗彩
“斗彩”又称“逗彩”或豆彩”,因不同的理解而得名。还彩”的意思是“ 彩绘 骈连,有如逗并”。也有认为“斗彩”说法源于“花朵攒簇,有类中斗争”的。现在大家趋向于“斗彩”。
3、釉质与釉色
中,大部分成化瓷器为白釉,釉面肥厚滋润、细腻平滑洁白无瑕,如脂似玉。婉转柔和、晶莹润泽。其他的釉色也有,色彩釉,有鲜红釉、黄釉、、蓝釉、酱釉及仿前代的哥釉等。
4、款识
成化官窑款识物中,在字体上如出一人手,用笔自内中有骨,柔中有刚,古拙朴实,挺拔瘦劲,笔道大又圆润即字数少,青料书写,个别用色釉。成常以竖排双行来构图,一般在器底物华。明成化民窑纪年款:一般分为“大明成化年制”,“大明成化年造”,“成化年造”等几种署款方式。
5、纹饰及图案
成化瓷器纹饰图案种类齐全瓷器上的人物纹、动物纹、植物纹、自然纹、几何纹、文字等等一应俱全。
陶瓷艺术教学论文文献
[1]《明代禹州烧造红绿彩瓷器》 收藏 郭学雷 2009年第7期
[2]《浅谈德化青花装饰技汉的继承与创新》 陶瓷科学与艺术 苏志勤 2010年第2期
[3]《浅谈明朝成化瓷器》 科学大观园 李琼2008年10期
[4]《明代景德镇青花瓷器上的“高士图”浅议之概述及分期》瓷库中国 2012-9-26
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6. 美术教学论文格式范文
李霞.顾幸勇.刘琪 查看详情 [期刊论文] -中国陶瓷2004(03) 高朋召 三维碳纤维预制体/陶瓷基复合材料的制备及性能研究 2004 廖树帜.张邦维 查看详情 [期刊论文] -稀有金属材料与工程1998(05) 郑燕青.施尔畏.李汶军 查看详情 [期刊论文] -中国科学2001(04) 葛荣德.刘志宏 查看详情 1995 Voleeanov E 查看详情 2007(2-3) Blumm J 查看详情 2005(09) 更多...相似文献(10条)期刊论文 Sol-gel法制备ZrO2/钙铝硅系微晶玻璃复合材料的研究 - 中国陶瓷2005,41(1) 期刊论文 Sol-Gel法制备Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-ZrO2复合陶瓷膜的研究 - 中国陶瓷2003,39(6) 外文期刊 Synthesis of ZrO2-SiO2 mesocomposite with high ZrO2 content via a novel sol-gel method 2005,84(1/3) 外文期刊 Optical properties of sol-gel derived ZrO2-TiO2 composite films 2007,515(20/21) 期刊论文 溶胶-凝胶法制备定向排列的纳米结构二氧化锆薄膜 - 清华大学学报(自然科学版)2001,41(4_5) 外文期刊 Influence of La2O3 and ZrO2 as promoters on surface and catalytic properties of CuO/MgO system prepared by sol-gel method 2006,299(0) 外文期刊 Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxiacetic acid and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol with ZrO2 and Mn/ZrO2 sol-gel materials 2006,37(3) 期刊论文 Sol-Gel法制备ZrO2粉的析晶机制 - 稀有金属材料与工程2005,34(z1) 外文会议 Preparation of ZrO2/nano-TiO2 composite powder by sol-gel method 2007 外文期刊 Phase evolution of sol-gel CaO-ZrO2 using sulfuric acid as hydrolysis catalyst 2006,37(3
北宋官窑瓷之我见(中国文物鉴赏论文)2009-04-27 00:36提要:中国地大物博,拥有着灿烂文明的五千年历史,出土的文物数不胜数。其中北宋官窑瓷器款识多达数种,因为专门为宫廷用瓷而制造的,所以产量很少,因而流传至今的瓷款也极少。关键词:北宋 官窑 五大名窑 特点 造型 釉色 烧制 支钉一.揭秘北宋官窑中国陶瓷的发展源远流长,瓷都景德镇更是名扬中外,到了宋代,瓷器的发展到达了黄金鼎盛时期,其中五大名瓷汝、官、哥、钧、定更是争奇斗艳,各领风骚,其中由官窑烧造的贡御瓷器更是工艺先进,制作精良,达到了登峰造极的境界。在北宋,瓷器可分为官窑和民窑。首先简单说下民窑,当时生产者看重的是实用、使用价值,生产者考虑了成本,所以工料就不是很讲究。但官窑却不同,官窑是为宫廷而制作的,制作时不计成本,精益求精,窑址的地和生产技术也是严格保密,工艺精美绝伦,因而流传下来的瓷器很多都是稀世珍品。很多人就产生疑问,北宋制作的官窑的地方在哪?是景德镇吗?随着时代的变迁,当时的京师即汴京(今开封),因宋代汴京遗址已沉入地底,至今日为止,尚未发掘出北宋官窑遗址,对于北宋官窑遗址缺乏考古发掘地资料和充足的文献资料的支撑,因此,时至今日,关于北宋官窑遗址在何处,仍有不同说法,一般有三种说法:一说北宋官窑即为汝窑;二说否认北宋官窑的存在;三说为北宋官窑即为汴京官窑,它与南宋时的修内司官窑先后存在①。至今官窑到底在何处是一个谜团,等待后人的探索与发现。二.北宋官窑瓷款的特点②1.造型别致制作精巧以这张图为例子进行简单分析,可以看出,此制品的上下两端都好似喇叭一样,上端略微比下端要大些,中间鼓出且上面有等距离排列的四根齿状的棱角,中间鼓出的地方下面有条凹槽,底部随着四根棱角的地方有淡淡不明显的三角形突起。这样的造型对于瓷器的制作是一种挑战,像一般的瓷器,我们常见常见的都是类似与家中装饰的花瓶一样,造型上很单一,而北宋官窑瓷器就造型精致,气度不凡,给人眼前一亮,别致新颖的感觉。2.釉色美丽烧制精湛上图是北宋徽宗朝的官窑汝窑制作的天青无纹椭圆水仙壶,釉色是淡淡的情色,像一面镜子一样,晶莹光亮,无论你从哪个角度看过去,都光泽闪亮。此青色釉彩是天青釉,又被成为雨过天青,是一种幽淡隽永的高温兰色釉。给人的感觉虽朴素但却高雅清新,给人以脱俗之感。此天青釉因为其价格昂贵,所以只有官窑会使用,一般民窑不会以此作为原材料。和一般的瓷器相比,其烧制水平也高超,瓷器表面光滑,没有半点瑕疵,光亮照人,内部也没有小的气泡。试问现在我们现在还能见到这样美丽的釉色精湛的烤制技术吗?即使在景德镇也很难再见到这样的珍物了。3.釉层厚度极为薄从以上两图的断面,我们可以看到,北宋官窑瓷器的釉层的厚度很薄,这在一般的瓷器上是很难遇见的,并且想要模仿也是难。并且断处呈现的是流畅的线状,这也是其独有的特点(赝品呈现的是不连续的齿状)。现今有些人为了赚取不义之财,制作假的文物变卖,如果这样我们完全可以根据瓷器釉色的厚度和断处的裂缝来判断它是不是北宋官窑的真品。4.底部的支钉痕迹北宋官窑的制作采用烧钉制作,器底留有细小的支钉痕;支钉烧大多为3个、5个或6个。并且从图上可以清晰的看出,支钉痕小,形如芝麻,呈白色。因此我们可以认为凡传世的北宋汝窑瓷器物的器底都有支钉痕迹,无一例外。 三.总结这学期通过在复旦大学选修《中国文物鉴赏》,我对文物这一方面更感兴趣,尤其是北宋官窑及其瓷器。历史传承,在对北宋官窑瓷的了解研究中,同时对北宋宫廷生活有了一些推测和估计,可以联想到当时宫中歌舞升平奢华的生活。也透过瓷器看到古代工匠的精湛技艺和智慧,相信有些是在科技迅速发展生活的我们也无法想到,无法达到的。① 参见于百度百科“北宋官窑”② 参见于“景德镇陶瓷网”——“北宋官窑瓷款鉴别”(非图和分析
李霞.顾幸勇.刘琪 查看详情 [期刊论文] -中国陶瓷2004(03) 高朋召 三维碳纤维预制体/陶瓷基复合材料的制备及性能研究 2004 廖树帜.张邦维 查看详情 [期刊论文] -稀有金属材料与工程1998(05) 郑燕青.施尔畏.李汶军 查看详情 [期刊论文] -中国科学2001(04) 葛荣德.刘志宏 查看详情 1995 Voleeanov E 查看详情 2007(2-3) Blumm J 查看详情 2005(09) 更多...相似文献(10条)期刊论文 Sol-gel法制备ZrO2/钙铝硅系微晶玻璃复合材料的研究 - 中国陶瓷2005,41(1) 期刊论文 Sol-Gel法制备Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-ZrO2复合陶瓷膜的研究 - 中国陶瓷2003,39(6) 外文期刊 Synthesis of ZrO2-SiO2 mesocomposite with high ZrO2 content via a novel sol-gel method 2005,84(1/3) 外文期刊 Optical properties of sol-gel derived ZrO2-TiO2 composite films 2007,515(20/21) 期刊论文 溶胶-凝胶法制备定向排列的纳米结构二氧化锆薄膜 - 清华大学学报(自然科学版)2001,41(4_5) 外文期刊 Influence of La2O3 and ZrO2 as promoters on surface and catalytic properties of CuO/MgO system prepared by sol-gel method 2006,299(0) 外文期刊 Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxiacetic acid and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol with ZrO2 and Mn/ZrO2 sol-gel materials 2006,37(3) 期刊论文 Sol-Gel法制备ZrO2粉的析晶机制 - 稀有金属材料与工程2005,34(z1) 外文会议 Preparation of ZrO2/nano-TiO2 composite powder by sol-gel method 2007 外文期刊 Phase evolution of sol-gel CaO-ZrO2 using sulfuric acid as hydrolysis catalyst 2006,37(3
"陶瓷"是一种通称,"陶"和"瓷"在质地上、物理性能上有很大区别。中国是最早制造陶器的国家之一,是最早发明瓷器的国家。 陶器的出现大约在距今1万年左右,中国进入新石器时代,开始了定居生活,盛水、蓄物等日常生活的需要,促使了陶器的发明。中国陶器的分布比较广泛,主要集中的在黄河流域和长江流域。其中仰韶文化是新石器时期比较有代表性的文化类型,以彩陶为特点,也称"彩陶文化",它派生出半坡和庙底沟两个类型,装饰图案有很高的艺术价值。马家窑文化是新石器晚期的文化类型,比仰韶文化略晚,距今约5000年。黑陶是继彩陶之后的又一伟大创造发明,距今约4000年的龙山文化时期,出现了工艺独特的蛋壳陶。近些年来,山东、河北一带多有仿制,有较高的收藏价值。秦汉时期的陶俑,是我国古代人物雕塑的高峰,使制陶技术和艺术达到了很高的境地。此外,唐代的三彩器、明清两代的紫砂器等,都是中国陶器文物的重要内容,很值得深入收藏和研究。 陶瓷(Ceramics),陶器和瓷器的总称。陶瓷的传统概念是指所有以粘土等无机非金属矿物为原料的人工工业产品。它包括由粘土或含有粘土的混合物经混炼,成形,煅烧而制成的各种制品。由最粗糙的土器到最精细的精陶和瓷器都属于它的范围。对于它的主要原料是取之于自然界的硅酸盐矿物(如粘土、长石、石英等),因此与玻璃、水泥、搪瓷、耐火材料等工业,同属于"硅酸盐工业"(Silicate Industry)的范畴。 陶瓷的发展史是中华文明史的一个重要的组成部分,中国作为四大文明古国之一,为人类社会的进步和发展做出了卓越的贡献,其中陶瓷的发明和发展更具有独特的意义,中国历史上各朝各代不同艺术风格和不同技术特点。英文中的"china"既有中国的意思,又有陶瓷的意思,清楚地表明了中国就是"陶瓷的故乡"。changaiyin 早在欧洲人掌握瓷器制造技术一千多年前,中国人就已经制造出很精美的陶瓷器。中国是世界上最早应用陶器的国家之一,而中国瓷器因其极高的实用性和艺术性而备受世人的推崇。 所谓陶器和瓷器是指用可塑性制瓷粘土和瓷石矿做胎体,用长石和石英等原料制釉,并且通过成型、干燥、烧制而成的制品,主要有日用、艺术、和建筑陶器等三种。考古发现已经证明中国人早在新石器时代(约公元前8000)就发明了陶器。原始社会晚期出现的农业生产使中国人的祖先过上了比较固定的生活,客观上对陶器有了需求。人们为了提高生活的方便,提高生活质量,逐渐通过烧制粘土烧制出了陶器。 随着近代科学技术的发展,近百年来又出现了许多新的陶瓷品种。它们不再使用或很少使用粘土、长石、石英等传统陶瓷原料,而是使用其他特殊原料,甚至扩大到非硅酸盐,非氧化物的范围,并且出现了许多新的工艺。美国和欧洲一些国家的文献已将"Ceramic"一词理解为各种无机非金属固体材料的通称。因此陶瓷的含义实际上已远远超越过去狭窄的传统观念了。 迄今为止,陶瓷器的界说似可概括地作如下描述:陶瓷是用铝硅酸盐矿物或某些氧化物等为主要原料,依照人的意图通过特定的物理化学工艺在高温下以一定的温度和气氛制成的具有一定型式的工艺岩石。表面可施釉或不施釉,若干瓷质还具有不同程度的半透明度,通体是由一种或多种晶体或与无定形胶结物及气孔或与熟料包裹体等微观结构组成。 陶瓷工业是硅酸盐工业的主要分支之一,属于无机化学工业范围.但现代科学高度综合,互相渗透,从整个陶瓷工业制造工艺的内容来分析,它的错综复杂与牵涉之广,显然不是仅用无机化学的理论所能概括的。 陶瓷制品的品种繁多,它们之间的化学成分.矿物组成,物理性质,以及制造方法,常常互相接近交错,无明显的界限,而在应用上却有很大的区别。因此很难硬性地归纳为几个系统,详细的分类法各家说法不一,到现在国际上还没有一个统一的分类方法。"Ceramic" is a generic term, "Tao" and "Porcelain" in texture, the physical properties there are very different. China was among the first to create one of the countries of pottery, porcelain was one of the first invention. The emergence of pottery dating back about 1 million years or so, China has entered the New Stone Age, began to settle in life, water, with objects of daily life, such as the need to promote the invention of pottery. Chinese pottery wider distribution, mainly in the Yangtze River and Yellow River Basin. Yangshao culture which is the New Stone Age culture more representative of the type, characterized by painted pottery, also known as the "painted pottery culture", which derived Banpo and Miao Digou two types of decorative patterns, has high artistic value. Majiayao culture is the culture of the late New Stone Age type than a little late Yangshao culture, since about 5000. Black painted pottery is the second after another great invention, since about 4000 the Longshan Culture period, there has been a unique process of eggshell pottery. In recent years, Shandong, Hebei and more in the vicinity of imitation, there is a high value for collection. Qin and Han Dynasty pottery figurine of China's ancient sculpture of the peak figure, so that the ceramic technology and the arts reached a high position. In addition, three of the color of the Tang Dynasty, the Ming and Qing dynasties such as Yixing, China is an important aspect of pottery relics, it is worthy of collection and research. Ceramics (Ceramics), the general term for pottery and porcelain. Ceramic refers to the traditional concept of all inorganic non-metallic minerals such as clay as raw material of artificial industrial products. It consists of clay from or containing a mixture of clay by kneading, molding, and calcined made of a variety of products. By the most rough-earth to the most refined of the fine pottery and porcelain are it. For its main raw materials are derived from natural silicate minerals (such as clay, feldspar, quartz, etc.), and glass, cement, ceramic, refractory material, such as industry, with an "industrial silicate" (Silicate Industry ) Area. The history of ceramics is the history of Chinese civilization is an important part of China, as one of the four ancient civilizations, human development and social progress made outstanding contributions, including the invention of ceramics and the development of a more unique significance , The history of China-North Korea on behalf of all the different artistic styles and different technical characteristics. English of "china" China not only mean, ceramics and mean, clearly demonstrates China is the "hometown of pottery." changaiyin As early as the Europeans have porcelain manufacturing technology over 1000 years ago, Chinese people have created a very fine ceramics. China is the world's first application of one of the countries pottery, and porcelain from China for its high artistic quality and relevance of the world have attracted much praise. The so-called pottery and porcelain refers to the use of plastic ware and porcelain clay quarry to do matrix, quartz and feldspar, and other raw materials-glaze, and through the forming, drying, firing from the products, mainly for daily use, art, and architecture Three pottery. Archaeological discoveries have proved that the Chinese people as early as the Neolithic Age (about 8000 BC) invented pottery. The emergence of primitive society with advanced agricultural production so that the ancestors of the Chinese people lead a life of a relatively fixed, the objective of pottery with the demand. In order to improve people's lives easier, improve the quality of life, gradually burn through the burning out of the clay pottery. With the development of modern science and technology, and the past 100 years there have been many new varieties of ceramics. They no longer use or the use of small clay, feldspar, quartz and other traditional ceramic materials, but the use of other special materials, and even extended to non-silicate, non-oxide scope, and there have been a lot of new technology. The United States and some European countries have literature "Ceramic" understanding of the term for a variety of solid inorganic non-metallic materials known. Therefore, the meaning of ceramics in fact go far beyond the traditional concept in the past the narrow. To date, the Definition of ceramics may be generally described as follows: The ceramic is aluminum silicate minerals such as oxides or as the main raw material, in accordance with the intention of people through specific physical and chemical processes at a high temperature to a certain degree of Temperature and atmosphere made of a certain type of rock technology. Glazing may be on the surface or glazing, porcelain has a number of different levels of transparency and a half, the species by one or more of the crystal and amorphous or cement and clinker with pores or inclusions, such as micro-structure. Portland ceramic industry is one of the main branches of industry, belong to the scope of inorganic chemical industry. However, modern science and highly integrated with each other to infiltrate from the ceramic industry as a whole manufacturing process to analyze the contents of its complex and involve wide, is not only Using the theory of inorganic chemistry can be summarized. A wide variety of ceramic products, their chemical composition. Mineral composition, physical properties, as well as manufacturing methods, often close to each other staggered, no boundaries, and in the application there is a huge difference. Therefore, it is difficult to be summed up in a few hard and fast system, a detailed classification of the various different view, the international community to now there is no uniform classification.
问题一:论文的外文参考文献从哪里找呢 在中国期刊网ki/里找,有那种英文的文献,之后翻译过来。万方、维普都可以。或者直接到外人数据库找。 APS美国物理学会电子出版物 AIP美国物理研究所电子出版物 ASME美国机械工程师学会电子期刊 ASCE美国土木工程协会电子期刊 ACS美国化学学会数据库 IOP英国皇家物理学会户刊 RSC英国皇家化学学会期刊 AIAA美国航空航天学会 John Wiley电子期刊 Kluwer电子期刊 Springer LINK 电子期刊 EBSCO学术、商业信息数据库 Elsevier Science IEEE/IEE Electronic Library ACM Digital Library 但估计你们学校没有数据库。 如果找不到干脆找个中文的自己翻译过来算了。 问题二:外文参考文献怎么找 在中国期刊网ki/里找,有那种英文的文献,之后翻译过来。万方、维普都可以。或者直接到外人数据库找。 APS美国物理学会电子出版物 AIP美国物理研究所电子出版物 ASME美国机械工程师学会电子期刊 ASCE美国土木工程协会电子期刊 ACS美国化学学会数据库 IOP英国皇家物理学会期刊 RSC英国皇家化学学会期刊 AIAA美国航空航天学会 John Wiley电子期刊 Kluwer电子期刊 Springer LINK 电子期刊 EBSCO学术、商业信息数据库 Elsevier Science IEEE/IEE Electronic Library ACM Digital Library 但估计你们学校没有数据库。 如果找不到干脆找个中文的自己翻译过来算了。 问题三:写论文怎么找外文文献 中国知网――ki你可以访问国家图书馆,找到学士论文那一项,再往下分类。或者高级搜索外文文献。 斯普林格(Splinger)――外国网站,如果你们学校买了的话就可以看,很多检索需要验证IP的。 到最近的大学办个图书证,花钱办的,还要带身份证或者学生证。都有外文图书室的。 别的就要看您什么专业,有专业用的检索网站等等。 通过看相关的中文文献,找到他们用的参考书,再把那本书弄到手看看有没有用。(我常用)这个不会出错,而且经常有翻译版。 问题四:查找下载学术论文和外文文献都有哪些途径和方法?具体一点 最常见的是知网。对于外文文献主要还有以下一些网站。楼主要采纳哦! 问题五:毕业论文的外文文献去哪里能找到比较好的? 1、手工查找图书馆外文期刊常2、检索图书馆外文数据库 推荐两个外文数据库,分别是EBSCOhost()和WSN()。 3、利用搜索引擎检索 利用Google、GoogleScholar(谷歌学术)或SCIRUS(scirus)等外文搜索引擎。 问题六:毕业论文的外文文献怎么找 有的 很多,是个人原创。 你好,帮你就是的,一份完整的 问题七:毕业论文的外文文献怎么找 有的 很多,是个人原创。 你好,帮你就是的,一份完整的 问题八:毕业论文外文文献在哪里找啊 15分 谷歌学术里可以找 不过你这个题目我估计是找不到外文文献的 问题九:一般在哪里下载英文论文文献 在淘宝里搜英文文献下载,就可以。也可以按店名来搜 “木虫屋” 就行,好像还可以代查,感觉挺方便的。 问题十:去哪找论文的外文文献? science鸡irect/在这个网站,就可以找对外文文献的.在all fiedls,输入关键词,
CiZao territory along the stream of ancient sites, more numerous, early in the 1950s, the Palace Museum ChenWanLi FengXianMing, Mr CiZao kiln for such had survey, Thereafter, xiamen university, quanzhou museum of human JiaoTongShi overseas JinJiangXian museums, museums, museums in fujian province as the unit of the researchers have done a lot of research work, and have tried to dig, local large specimens, found in the southern dynasty - 26. In January of this place, Tang and five six sites, 12 this song and yuan dynasties, Qing dynasty. This 7 The song and yuan dynasties, TongZiShan spider mountain sites, soil sites include the tail set this mountain sites, CiZao referred to as listed in the first batch of fujian, this unit of provincial level. In this mountain, song dynasty xikou retaining golden hill sites listed jinjiang municipal units of cultural relics kiln product variety, the shape of diversity. The breed with life daily utensils for bulk, in addition to display device, building materials, etc. Life in the vessel is bowl, plate, lamp, disc, basin, bowls, wash, cans, cylinder, urn, pot, bottle, lamp, dishes, lamp, ZhiHu, water injection, army, must hold pillow etc, porcelain, Display device are furnace, sweet fume, vase, flowerpot, animals, plants and animals YanDi fractal model (such as lions, tigers, tortoise, toad, peach, etc), and other like such a piggy bank, waist, can artifacts, Building decoration materials, etc. Among them, huang painted iron army, the market, the decorative plate is green glair for export products, dragon urn is the most local CiZao kiln chinaware TaiZhi general grayish, particle TaiZhi thicker, dense enough. Also because of this, the porcelain clay glair place more womb a yellowish-white makeup. But generally only half glaze, was in no glaze. Glaze can be classified into five categories, namely green glair, sauce black glaze, huang, green and yellow green glair glaze. Green glair in bowls, disc, lamp, port, basin, caddy, pot, ZhiHu, army, lamp, holding furnace, sweet fume, etc in green glair color; add brown under Many in the dark glaze sauce bowl, the lamp, lamp, cans, pot, ZhiHu, water injection, furnace waist, such as, some of the light side or bowl, the mouth ShiQing glaze, along the sauce black glazed, Yellow green glair is in bottles, cans, army, hold, water injection, basin, plate, furnace, pillow, birds and animals eat model, Some for the yellow color glaze, green glair, green glair is much "silver" return, Some are yellow and green glair with n a device. Adornment gimmick, picking flowers, there MoYin, DiaoLou, glazing and coloured drawing or pattern, etc. Decoration pattern has flowers (Ephraim, chrysanthemum, peony flowers, tangle, flowers, etc.), the grass (grass), the melon leng, melons, chicken, and stroke, YunLei, string grain, the cloud, water color and spread point, especially in the dragon the jinjiang county annals "have" China township, take a focal porcelain kiln, and the earth open BoZi, cylinder, the size of the urn what genera, and give the foot." The records. Based on the field investigation and CiZao kiln relevant archaeological data, in Japan and the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Kenya, south east Asia, southeast Asia etc. Nation in the east and have CiZao kiln products. In these countries, some of the museum, the museum collections often works, thus the kiln, CiZao kiln is an important area of export army, bottle, ZhiHu, cans, disc is a song period of the main export products. Among them, the army is dedicated to people in southeast Asia and the religious activities, "Dragon" production since Ming dynastiy urn, follow, but also continuously domestic exports to southeast Asia. During the Ming and qing dynasties, CiZao to burn a daily ceramics, thick, with overseas Chinese still marketing of going abroad, porcelain making technology also spread throughout southeast, promote the development of local ceramic technology, such as the Philippines meters of land "neville" fires, CiZao WuXing overseas Chinese porcelain is taught. Until recently, still have many overseas Chinese in this camp, imparting kiln is China's southeastern coast, with the important export ceramic kilns, is a strong kiln of local characteristics and style of the kilns. Its location - near quanzhou harbor port, make its export condition is superior. At the same time, it is closely related to the rise in quanzhou port quanzhou in song and yuan dynasties, when the traffic and foreign trade reached its peak, is the development of CiZao kiln production period of prosperity. Some of the CiZao kiln product is specially designed for export and fire, such as army as may be to adapt to the southeast Asia and religious life of furnace burn CiZao artifacts, the products implement class colorful, although is extensive, but it should be pointed out that special features, CiZao kiln unearthed some porcelain sculpture, deep eye high nose figure, vividly reflected quanzhou sea port of song and yuan dynasties "rise in birth million."But CiZao ceramic in Ming dynasty, because when the glazed products mainly of extinction, cylinder, pot, cans, disc, production and sale of demand, narrow. How to position yourself? ChongZou ancestors certainly not, then the path of people are turning to architectural ceramics. In 1979, CiZao WuJinShi people, through many thousands of practice in the ancient kiln burned modern glazed pottery. Since the start CiZao on real significance of ceramic enterprise, the development of extraordinary more than ten years of development, CiZao town as the five big building ceramic production base, become one of national xinghuo regional ceramic materials pillar industrial technology innovation, national ceramics industry in fujian province, the demonstration base of science and technology, and has ShiFanZhen ceramic group, advanced kiln production line 15 more than 300. Output value over 100 million yuan of enterprise group has 6, the value of the enterprise has super million, the building materials CiZao 159 products sold throughout the country, the exterior wall tiles yield an equivalent to two thirds of the production. Almost the glazed tiles. CiZao town by an unknown technocrat rural town has become MinDongNa economic hub. For many years in fujian province and comprehensive economic strength strong town. June 2000, Chinese sanitary ceramics association awarded "China ceramic town" honorary title.磁灶境内古窑址多沿溪分布,数量众多,早在二十世纪五十年代,故宫博物院陈万里,冯先铭等先生就对磁灶窑进行过调查;其后,厦门大学人类博物馆、泉州海外交通史博物馆、福建省博物馆、晋江县博物馆等单位的研究人员均对其进行了大量的调查工作,并进行过局部试掘,采集到大量标本,发现了南朝至清代的二十六处窑址。其中南朝窑址1处;唐、五代窑址6处;宋元时期窑址12处;清代窑址7处。宋元时期的蜘蛛山窑址、童子山窑址、土尾庵窑址、大坪山窑址统称为磁灶窑址,列为福建省第一批省级文物单位。南朝溪口山窑址、宋代金交椅山窑址列为晋江市级文物保护单位. 磁灶窑产品品种繁多,器形多样。其品种以生活日用器皿为大宗,此外还有陈设器、建筑材料等。生活日用器皿中有碗、盘、盏、碟、盆、钵、洗、罐、缸、瓮、壶、瓶、灯、盂、盏托、执壶、水注、军持、急须、瓷枕等;陈设器则有炉,香熏、花瓶、花盆、动物形砚滴、动植物模型(如狮、虎、龟、蟾蜍、寿桃、力士像等),以及其它如腰鼓、扑满、鸟食罐等器物;建筑材料有装饰板等。其中,黄釉铁绘花纹大盘、军持、青釉碟是专供外销的产品,龙瓮是最具地方特色的。 磁灶窑瓷器的胎质一般呈灰色,颗粒较粗,胎质不够致密。也正因为此,瓷器胎土施釉处多上一层黄白色化妆土。但一般仅施半釉,器内无釉。釉可分为五大类,即青釉、酱黑釉、黄釉、绿釉与黄绿釉。青釉多见于碗、碟、盏、钵、盆、小罐、壶、执壶、军持、灯、炉、香熏等器物,有的还在青釉下添加褐彩;酱黑釉多施于碗、盏、盏托、罐、壶、执壶、水注、炉、腰鼓等器物,有的如碗、盏里侧或口沿施青釉,外施酱黑釉;黄绿釉则见于瓶、壶、罐、军持、水注、盆、盘、炉、枕、鸟食罐及动植物模型等;有的为单色的黄釉、绿釉,绿釉器多有“返银”现象;有的则黄、绿釉同施一器。装饰手法有刻划、剔花、模印、雕镂、施釉及彩绘等。装饰纹样有花卉(莲、菊、牡丹、缠枝花、折枝花等)、草叶(卷草)、瓜棱、瓜、凤,以及篦划、云雷、弦纹、卷云、水波及点彩、文字等,其中尤以龙纹最具特色。 在《晋江县志》中就有“瓷器出瓷灶乡,取地土开窑,烧大小钵子、缸、瓮之属,甚饶足,并过洋。”的记载。通过对磁灶窑的实地调查和有关考古资料证实,历年来日本、菲律宾、印度尼西亚、马来西亚、新加坡、泰国、斯里兰卡、肯尼亚等东亚、东南亚、南亚和东非国家中多有磁灶窑产品出土。在这些国家的一些博物馆、美术馆,常收藏有该窑作品,由此,证明磁灶窑是一处重要的外销陶瓷产地。 军持、瓶、执壶、罐、碟等是宋元时期大量外销的主要产品。其中,军持是专门适应东南亚人民进行宗教活动需要而烧制的;“龙瓮”的生产自宋明至今,沿袭不断,除了内销外还输出到东南亚各国。明清时期,磁灶以烧制单一的日用粗陶为主,仍运销海外,随着华侨的大批出国,制瓷技术也传播南洋各地,促进当地陶瓷工艺的发展,例如菲律宾米岸烧制的“文奈”瓷器,就是磁灶吴姓华侨传授的。直到近代,仍有众多华侨在海外操营此业,传授技艺。 磁灶窑是我国东南沿海地区,以烧造外销陶瓷为主的重要窑口,是具有浓量的地方特色和时代风格的民窑。它所处的地理位置---濒临泉州港口岸,使其外销条件优越。同时,它与泉州港的兴衰密切相关,当泉州在宋元时期对外交通和贸易达到鼎盛的时候,也正是磁灶窑生产发展昌盛的时期。磁灶窑的某些产品是专门为外销而烧造的,如军持等可能是为适应东南亚各地宗教性生活而接受的定烧器物,磁灶窑的产品器类丰富多彩,虽然比较粗放但却颇具特色,特别应指出的,磁灶窑出土的一些瓷雕塑,深目高鼻的人物形象,生动地反映了泉州港宋元时期“涨海声中万国商”的景象。 但磁灶的陶瓷在明清之后,由于宋时釉彩等工艺的的失传,产品主要以缸、壶、罐、碟为主,生产和销路窄小,市场需求低。如何定位自己?重走祖辈们的老路肯定不行,于是人们把目光投向了建筑陶瓷。1979年,磁灶人吴金世,历经多次的实践终于在千百年的古窑里烧出了现代的釉面砖。磁灶从此开始了真正意义上的跨越,建陶企业得到了超常规模的发展。 经过十几年艰苦的发展,磁灶镇作为全国5大建筑陶瓷生产基地之一,成为国家级星火区域性陶瓷建材支柱产业区、国家级技术创新陶瓷工业示范基地、福建省第三批科技示范镇,目前,拥有建陶集团15家,先进辊道窑生产线300多条。产值超亿元的企业集团有6家,产值超千万元的企业有159家,磁灶的建材产品畅销全国各地,外墙砖产量一项就相当于全国产量的三分之二。琉璃瓦几乎垄断全国的市场。磁灶镇由原来名不见经传的乡村小镇一跃成为闽东南经济重镇。连续多年综合经济实力位居福建省10强乡镇前列。2000年6月,被中国建筑卫生陶瓷协会授予“中国陶瓷重镇”荣誉称号。
新型建筑材料革新论文 摘要 墙体材料革新“十五规划”发展重点说道,新型墙体材料要适应建筑功能的改善和建筑节能的要求,积极发展利用当地资源、低能耗、低污染、高性能、高强度、多功能、系列化、能够提高施工效率的新型墙体材料。积极发展新型墙体材料是国策之一。 关键词:新型节能墙体材料 引言 在现代社会,人类不但讲究住的舒服,还有住的健康。墙体材料改革可以节约材料,节约资金,符合可持续发展的要求,还可以促进住宅建筑的节能。 所谓可持续发展,既要满足当代人的利益,又不能损害后代的利益。原国家建材局结合建材工业的发展实际,把搞好资源综合利用、搞好环保、实现可持续发展作为建材工业转变经济增长方式的必然要求和主要途径,制定了建材工业的发展规划。 一、墙体材料现状 墙体材料包括烧结普通砖、烧结多孔砖、蒸压粉煤灰砖、蒸压灰砂砖、砂浆、混凝土砌块、混凝土空心砌块、毛石、毛料石等。 实心粘土砖消耗大量粘土,严重占用耕地,大大不利于可持续发展。2002年有170个城市签订了于2003年6月底前在城市内全面禁用实心砖的协议。采用实心粘土砖的民用建筑每平米应多交14元的粘土砖“限制使用费”和50元的“调节税”。 在我国城市采用砌块建筑的差别和发展都是很大的。从1995年起,上海市开始采用混凝土小型空心砌块建成10个住宅试点小区,总面积达1,000,000平米。至1997年扩大到44个,总建筑面积达4,500,000平米. 二、墙体材料改革途径 (一)墙体改革途径之一—烧制品 《烧结空心砖和空心砌块》(gb135452003)已颁布并于2003年10月1日起开始实施。按主要原料分为粘土空心砖和砌块(n)、页岩砖和砌块(y)、煤矸石砖和砌块(m)、粉煤灰砖和砌块(f)。 空心砖和空心砌块的强度等级为mu10、、mu5、和。体积密度分为800、900、1000和1100级,孔洞率大于等于40。 空心砖与实心砖相比较,其优点是可减轻结构自重,砖厚较大,可节约砌筑砂浆和减少工时。此外,粘土用量和电力及燃料亦可相应减少。 (二)墙体改革途径之二—蒸压制品 蒸压制品是指不含水泥或含少量水泥而通过蒸压养护方式使砖或砌块结硬的制品。 蒸压灰砂砖是1880年德国人威廉·米哈伊尔博士发明,至今已有120多年的生产历史。主要原料是砂和石灰,适用于就地取材,不占用耕地,生产耗能低,砖强度高,外观几何尺寸规整,放射性低,应称得上是环保产品。我国从20世纪60年代开始生产此砖,以240mm*115mm*53mm的实心灰砂砖为主。由于砖块小、自重大、耗料多、生产成本高且抗压强度低、抗剪强度差,无法与烧结砖竞争,导致目前发展困难急需改革。 专家建议以生产块大质轻的灰砂空心砖来减轻建筑物重量,提高灰砂砖建筑物抗震性能,节约资源,降低生产成本,提高企业竞争力。 泡沫混凝土砌块属于多孔混凝土砌块,有水泥泡沫混凝土砌块和硅酸盐泡沫混凝土砌块两种。在工厂主要用于框架结构,现浇混凝土结构建筑的外墙填充、内墙隔断,也可用于多层建筑的外墙或保温隔热复合墙体,还可根据设计在现场浇筑泡沫混凝土墙体。 下列情况不得使用泡沫混凝土砌块:建筑物基础;处于浸水、高温和受化学侵蚀的环境;承重制品表面温度高于80摄氏度的部位。 泡沫混凝土砌块的性能及优点:主规格尺为880mm*380mm*240mm和 880mm*430mm*24,一般密度在300~1000kg每立方米。采用厚度为200~250mm的泡沫混凝土砌块外墙相当于490mm厚实心粘土砖外墙的保温效果,保温隔热性能好。吸声能力强,防火防水性能好,完全抗冻,收缩裂缝较少。 (三)墙体改革途径之三—胶凝制品 混凝土小型空心砌块节土、节能,符合国家基本政策,.承载力高,相同强度等级块材和砂浆的砌体抗压强度是砖墙的倍。其孔洞率50,较砖墙轻,可减轻基础荷载,因而可减少基础材料用量。它有以下优点:施工快,墙厚较标砖薄,可节省结构面积。商品砂浆:品质稳定、节约材料,有利于文明施工和环保,且可配制出适应新型墙体材料所需的性能。砌块墙体:多层砌块墙体住宅造价较相同层数砖混房高出5~10,但保温性能好,在北方尤为突出。多功能砌块是为实现建筑节能而发展的,如抗震、承重、保温、装饰作用等。 此外还有混凝土多孔砖、粉煤灰空心砌块等。 三、墙体材料改革意义 民用建筑和工业建筑都需节能。居民建筑的能耗以采暖占主要部分,热水供应15,电气照明14,炊事6,采暖65。随着建筑业发展,其用能已占全社会终端能耗的1/4以上。墙体材料改革最显著的意义就是建筑节能以及环境保护。保温隔热节能建议:采取单一材料较理想,施工方便,效率高;采用轻骨料混凝土砌块墙外贴苯板;采用轻骨料混凝土砌块苯板夹芯墙;采用轻骨料混凝土砌块孔内填苯板;采用轻骨料混凝土砌块空腔内插入苯板;外墙保温常用e板、复合混凝土小型空心砌块。 四、国外墙体材料生产应用简介 常见的有混凝土砌块、纸面石膏板、灰砂砖、加气混凝土、复合轻质板。混凝土砌块在美、日已成为墙体材料主要产品,约占总量的1/3。美国是纸面石膏板的最大生产国,目前年产量已超过20亿平米,日本产量为6亿平米。近年来还有许多生产建筑用砖的新动向,如不用砂浆的砖、高强度压力硬化砖、巨型陶瓷砖、可切割的混凝土砖、生态砖、环保地砖等。国外还生产应用玻璃纤维增强混凝土/织物增强混凝土,能承受较强预应力和拉力,从而使生产薄壁混凝土构件成为可能。 总结 随着人类社会发展,生产技术进步,砖和砌块生产构造多样化、材料多样化已成为必然,承重水平孔洞空心砖、轻质高强材料的发展研制提上日程。通过改进生产工艺提升施工技术扩大砌块应用范围,发展轻质隔墙板,继续节约建筑能耗,减少环境污染,建筑业的可持续发展一定是现实的。 回首往昔,展望未来,节能型住宅的普及应该不远了。 【参考文献】 〔1〕丁大钧,砌体结构〔m〕,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004年. 2唐岱新,砌体建筑的发展和应用〔m〕,哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2001年. 3涂逢祥,建筑节能大发展〔j〕,砖瓦2003(12). 4李湘州,国外墙体材料发展的若干动向〔j〕,砖瓦2003(7).本文《新型建筑材料革新论文_文秘114_免费文秘网》由文秘114()为您整理,更多文秘文章请访问:
装修是我们每个户主的必要过程,选择什么家具装修,选择什么风格来装修,都是需要每一个户主们仔细审核和考虑的,瓷砖作为家居整体装修中的大部件问题,我们总是要仔细的考虑之后才能做决定,不仅需要美观,而且要经用,可是如今市场上面林林总总这么多的瓷砖品牌,金意陶瓷砖总是惹人注目吸人眼球,今天我在这里就要着重为大家介绍我们美到让你想不到的金意陶瓷砖的特点。
森活木是金意陶公司最新推出的一款新型瓷砖,它外表高度仿木,而且是精选金丝楠木、花梨木等高档树种的花纹制作而成,质地非常的不错,防水防磨损导热保温性能都很出色,虽然价格贵一些,但是一来可以媲美木地板的铺装效果,二来又能避免木地板产生甲醛的问题 !采用国际高新技术三维激光扫描,通过逆向返馈原理,快速扫描被测物体,不需反射棱镜即可直接获得高精度的扫描点云数据,可无接触高清录入有文物价值等不可接触原材,获取珍奇甚至是近乎绝迹的花色。
金意陶的砖质量不错的,这砖早先与东鹏一起生产,是一家,后来分开了,但品质控制还不错,也算是广东的名牌,此外砖的特价除非商家明确说明是一级品或者是等外品,一般品质不会有大的问题,瓷砖的造假有难度的;同时如果拿到加工厂去,加工一般不会有问题,反倒是工人用手动的切割机会有刨边现象,主要还是质地比较硬,吸水率低的缘故,不仅是金意陶,很多瓷砖品牌都会遇上这样问题。
金意陶专业工作人员介绍,金意陶瓷砖,作为中国仿古砖风向品牌,一直以“有思想的瓷砖”而著称!为了让消费者在消费瓷砖的同时,能够体会到瓷砖及空间设计文化带来的感觉、体验、品位和回味,金意陶瓷砖提出了震撼整个行业的“瓷砖空间整体解决方案”!思想馆实景模拟的做法能够充分展示产品自身的特点,为消费者提供了完善的解决方案,也成为了当下瓷砖销售的一种新途径。
金意陶的瓷砖特点有很多很多,看了之后感觉的确不错,就是太贵了,性价比不高。我家也要装修,所以最近走的瓷砖市场比较多,对金意陶陶瓷的意大利木纹系列仿古砖还是比较满意的,看过瓷砖铺贴后的整体效果,很奢华,质量也很好,在瓷砖行业还是具有比较高的知名度,买的话还是可以考虑的 金意陶的还不错,瓷砖没有很平整的,低温砖比高温砖平整度好,但是高温砖瓷质好,只要是砖就行,看看包装箱上写的有,完全玻化 就可以,墙砖 完全不透水 就可以。
其实我们买瓷砖就是想买个安心买个放心,能够让家人和来访的客人感觉到舒适安逸的感觉就好了,不过我相信经过我上面对于金意陶瓷砖的特点的介绍,你们已经对它有了一定的了解了吧,其实金意陶瓷砖的主方面就是仿古瓷砖,如果是你对于仿古瓷砖特别感兴趣的话,你不妨可以多了解一下金意陶瓷砖仿古系列的特点,没有准,你一不留神就会发现符合你气质的一款金意陶瓷砖。
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以中国古代某一器物的设计为例,论述其工业设计理念与工业分析。 1500字论文 。 急需。关于这个问题,我觉得 原始社会的工艺美术: 北方仰韶文化彩陶发达,南方河姆渡文化雕塑出色。以后,东部地区龙山文化黑陶则以造型取胜。 装饰的萌芽:图腾 石器工艺:石器时代分为“旧石器时代”和“新石器时代”。旧石器是指用打制的方法制成的比较粗糙的石器,人类使用旧石器的时间相当长,约数十万年。新石器是指在打制的基础上还经过磨制的石器。在旧石器时代和新石器时代之间,还有一个过渡阶段,叫做“中石器时代”。 陶器工艺:陶器工艺的出现,是新石器时代的主要特征之一。陶器在人类生活中具有很重要的意义,不仅丰富了生活用具,而且也加强了定居的稳定性。 其它工艺(牙骨雕、染织、编织等)略 商代的工艺美术:商代中期出现了原始青瓷。商代青铜工艺进入鼎盛,分为礼器、烹饪器、食器、酒器、水器、杂器、乐器、兵器、工具等类别商代青铜器在艺术风格上,型制凝重、多直线造型、中轴对称。以饕餮纹、夔纹为典型纹饰,风格沉稳雄浑。 陶瓷工艺:青铜工艺的发展,并不能完全代替各种生活用品。而青铜器的成本高,只能为奴隶主所占有和享用。广大奴隶的各种生活器皿,仍然采用陶器。因此商代制陶工艺也得到较普遍的发展。商代的陶瓷工艺分灰陶、白陶(高岭土制成,商代白陶的装饰沿用了商代青铜器的装饰技巧,饕餮纹、夔纹)、釉陶和原始瓷器等多种。 雕刻工艺(石雕、玉雕、牙骨雕) 其它工艺(染织、漆器) 周代的工艺美术:周代吸取了商朝灭亡的教训,在统治思想和哲学观念上均有很大不同,具体表现“礼治”、“仁治” 代替了“武治”和“慑服”,即所谓“皇天无亲,唯德是辅”。礼的特点通过等级和秩序体现,在工艺上看,就是形成了浓郁的秩序之美和韵律之美。 青铜工艺:西周青铜工艺的发展,可以分为两个阶段。在前期,大体上是继承商代的艺术风格。在后期,即在成康以后,才开始形成周代的自己的特点。 陶瓷工艺:周代原始瓷器,系用高岭土烧成,敷有黄绿色或青绿色薄釉,烧成温度达1200°C左右,并具有不吸水有金属脆音等特点的早期青瓷。主要造型有罐、碗、盂等,另外,豆、盘、尊等也较常见。周代的陶器以红色的粗泥赤陶为主,装饰有绳纹、会纹、S纹、弦纹等纹样,朴素而大方,同时也十分实用。 玉雕工艺:周代的玉器,由于与伦理道德有着直接的联系,所以得到社会的特别重视。玉雕工艺在周代十分发达,并以玉器为礼器,用途十分广泛。染织工艺:第五节 染织工艺据《诗经》、《礼记》和《考工记》记载,周代已有十分发达的养蚕、缫丝、织帛、种麻、采葛、织绸、染色等染织工艺,分工明细、技艺成熟。特别是在《书经》中有对“十二章”的描写,所谓“十二章”是一种具有宗教涵义的十二种图案,自西周起,成为中国古代帝王服饰纹样的典型图案。 春秋战国的工艺美术: 春秋时代:周平王东迁之后,周天子已经调动不了各诸侯国,他们各自发展自己的势力,内部开始四分五裂,列国战争频繁,形成了一个大动乱、大转变的时代,历史上称为春秋时代。 战国时代:经过春秋时代长期激烈的兼并战争,许多小的诸侯国被灭亡,最后剩下齐、楚、燕、赵、韩、魏、秦七个强国,兼并战争仍在不断进行,这就是历史上所说的战国时代。 春秋战国时代,是我国奴隶制逐步衰落、瓦解,封建制逐步建立、发展的时代。此时发明了冶铁。学术领域,百家争鸣。 秦汉的工艺美术:秦汉时期是中国历史上第一个空前统一,强大而文化昌盛的时期。在工艺美术领域,这一阶段具有统一性和巨大性的风格特色。典型的秦青铜器有:秦鼎、蒜头瓶、青铜鍪。秦鼎的装饰和造型特点:浅腹、矮腿、蹄足、弦纹、朴实无华。 汉代的工艺美术:汉代是中国历史上一个统一、强盛、扩张的重要时期,也是中华民族共同体形成的重要阶段,汉武帝时达到了全盛,是中国历史上第一个上升时期。 三国两晋南北朝时期的工艺美术(整个工艺美术的过渡期) 汉后的三国两晋南北朝时期,我们把这一时期简称为六朝。这一时期是一个上承两汉,下启隋唐的过渡时期。这一时期的工艺美术出现了两大特点,即北方黄河流域佛教艺术盛行,开窟造像,宗教气氛浓郁。工艺美术上,铜器、石雕、织绣、漆器工艺均与佛教相关,莲花、忍冬纹样成为这一时期的主要装饰内容;南方长江流域地区,在玄学影响之下,在装饰题材上,打破了汉代云气神兽的传统内容,出现了反映当时宇宙观的新题材,可以以竹林七贤砖画为代表,具有空灵,清秀的艺术特点。 隋唐的工艺美术唐代工艺美术的艺术风格,具有博大清新、华丽丰满的特点,可以用“满”字形容。由于它富于情趣化,所以也可以用“情”字来形容。唐代统一我国广大疆域,团结边疆诸兄弟民族,沟通中外文化、促进交流,形成一个繁荣昌盛的时代。它熔铸南北,渗用古今,糅合中外,创造了灿烂的盛唐工艺文化,不仅对国内工艺美术的发展产生了深远的影响,也在世界工艺文化史上,闪烁着灿烂的光辉。宋代的工艺美术宋代的工艺美术,具有典雅、平易的艺术风格。不论陶瓷、漆器、金工、家具等,都以朴质的造型取胜,很少有繁缛的装饰,使人感到一种清淡的美。 元明清工艺美术封建的、君主制的元明清时代,是中国古典工艺美术发展史的最后阶段。从元代工艺美术的豪放、刚劲、雄浑和明代的典雅、洗练、含蓄到清代的繁缛、精美、华丽,中国古典工艺美术在艺术风格上终于形成了自己鲜明的民族个性和装饰趣味。在人类文化遗产中留有特色鲜明、独树一帜的灿烂篇章. 这是我整理的一些,你应该可以用到的.....
论装饰材料在现代室内设计中的作用摘要:装饰材料是室内设计方案得以实现的物质基础,只有充分的了解或掌握装饰材料的性能;按照使用环境条件合理地选择了所需材料;充分发挥每一种材料的长处,做到材尽其能、物尽其用,才能满足现代室内设计的各项要求。关健词:装饰材料 室内设计 建筑空间环境 室内设计是依据一定的设计方法对室内空间环境进行美化的活动,它可以反映空间的时代特征、民族气质、城市地域风貌。室内设计特性的体现很大程度上受到装饰材料的制约,尤其是受到装饰材料的光泽、质地、质感、图案、花纹等装饰特性的影响。各种变幻莫测、主体感极强的新型材料能够创造出同一种空间的不同的心理感觉。因此,装饰材料是室内设计方案得以实现的物质基础,只有充分的了解或掌握装饰材料的性能;按照使用环境条件合理地选择了所需材料;充分发挥每一种材料的长处,做到材尽其能、物尽其用;才能满足环境艺术设计的各项要求。 根据材料使用的部位不同,所用材料的功能也不尽一致,概括而言主要表现在以下三个方面:(1)室内空间的墙面装饰是通过装饰材料的质感、线条、色彩来表现的。质感是指材料质地的感觉,重要的是要了解材料在使用后人们对它的主观感受。一般装饰材料要经过适当的选择和加工后,才能满足人们视觉美感要求。但是我们也要发挥天然材料的优势,创造出纯天然的装饰美感。(2)建筑物在长期使用过程中经常会受到日晒、雨淋风吹、冰冻等作用,也经常会受到腐蚀性气体和微生物的侵蚀,使其出现粉化、裂缝甚至脱落等现象,影响到建筑物的耐久性。选用适当的建筑装饰材料对建筑物表面进行装饰,不仅能对建筑物起到良好的装饰作用,而且能有效地提高建筑物的耐久性,降低维修费用。(3)装饰材料除了具有装饰功能和保护功能外,还有改善室内环境使用条件的功能。如内墙和顶棚使用的石膏装饰板,能起到调节室内空气的相对温度,起到改善使用环境的作用;木地板、地毯等能起到保温、隔声、隔热的作用,使人感到温暖舒适,改善了室内的生活环境。 人们进行室内设计的目的就是要造就和改变环境,这种环境应该是自然环境与人造环境的高度和谐与统一。作为室内设计师,应对材料的品种、规格、性能、用途有所认识,才能在工作中正确地选择和使用材料。然而材料的品种很多,性能和特点各异用途亦不尽相同因此在选择材料时需要考虑到以下几个方面的问题: 首先,要考虑所装饰建筑及室内空间的类型和档次。住宅是人们生活的主要场所。除了工作时间以外,人的大部分时间是在住宅里度过的。因此,住宅的室内装饰应围绕着为人提供一个舒适的环境而进行。办公室、教室、图书馆、高级宾馆和大型商场等其他建筑,所选择材料的档次应有所不同。花岗石镜面板材耐磨,装饰效果好,适合用于高级宾馆中人流较多的公共部分,如大厅、走廊、楼梯等;而一般住宅的客厅,则较适合铺设陶瓷地砖。木质地板舒适、保温,在卧室、起居室铺设比较合适;塑料地板耐磨、有弹性,适合用于办公室;化纤地毯、混纺地毯防滑、消音、价格较高,适合用于宾馆;纯毛手工编织地毯高雅、豪华,装饰效果极好,但是价格昂贵,只适合用于少数国家级宾馆和会议中心等场所。 其次,要考虑装饰材料的质感、线型、色彩对装饰效果的影响。材料的质感能在人的心理上产生反应引起联想。一般说来,材料的这种心理诱发作用是非常明显和强烈的。例如,光滑、细腻的材料,富有优美、雅致的感情基调,当然也会给人以一种冷漠、傲然的心理感觉; 金属能使人产生坚硬、沉重、寒冷的感觉;皮毛、丝织品会使人想到柔软、轻盈和温暖;石材可使人感到稳重坚实和富有力度;而未加修饰的混凝土表面则容易使人产生粗野、草率的印象。因此,在选择装饰材料时,必须正确把握材料的性格特征,使之与所装饰的空间特点相吻合,从而赋予材料以生命。材料的尺度、线型、纹理,对装饰效果也会产生影响。就尺度而言,材料的大小尺寸应适中,符合一定比例。例如,大理石及彩色水磨石板材用于厅堂,可以取得很好的效果,但是如果用于居室,则由于尺度太大,会失去其魅力。就纹理而言,要充分利用材料本身固有天然纹样,图样及底色等的装饰效果,或利用人工仿制天然材料的各种纹路与图样,以求在装饰中获得或朴素或淡雅、或高贵、或凝重的各种装饰气氛。就线型而言,在某种程度上应将其视作建筑装饰整体质感的一部分。例如,用铝合金压型装饰板装饰外墙面,可以获得具有凹凸线型的效果。 外墙装饰材料的色彩,应根据建筑物的规模、功能及其所处的环境进行综合考虑。建筑物内部色彩应力求合理使用,以期在生理和心理上均能产生良好的效果。红、橙、黄色能使人看了联想到太阳、火焰而感觉温暖,故称为“暖色”;绿蓝、紫罗兰色使人看了会联想到大海、蓝天、森林而感到凉爽故称为“冷色”。暖色调使人感到热烈、兴奋、温暖;冷色调则使人感到宁静、幽雅、清凉。因此在具体选用时,要考虑到材料的质感、线型、色彩等对装饰效果的影响。 再次,要考虑装饰部位的使用环境和使用功能。普通石膏板吊顶在潮湿的环境下使用,其挠度将增加,会影响顶棚的美观和安全,因而应改用防潮型石膏板同时应选用规格较小的。浴室、厨房的水汽油烟较大,其墙面可选用表面光滑的内墙釉面砖贴面,以便清洗。塑料壁纸是广泛用于室内墙面的装饰材料,但因不透气,较少用于住宅的内墙面。居室墙面选择用织物制作的壁纸比较合适。南方住宅的客厅常用陶瓷地砖铺设,清洁、美观、凉爽;北方寒冷地区宜选用有一定隔热保温性能的木地板较为合适。在有水的地面还应考虑防滑,如卫生间浴室的地面,最好选用防滑的陶瓷锦砖。在人流集中的商店、候车厅的地面,应选择耐磨性能好的彩色水磨石和陶瓷地砖或花岗石贴面。 由此可见,在选择装饰材料时,需要根据建筑的类型、档次和使用部位的具体要求,来巧妙合理地运用材料的质感、线型和色彩,以便使建筑装饰满足一定的功能,适应一定的环境,发挥出最佳的装饰效果。 参考文献: 〔1〕田原,杨冬丹.装饰材料设计与应用. 中国建筑工业出版社,2006,4. 〔2〕曹文达.建筑装饰材料.中国电力出版社,2003,1. 〔3〕建筑材料标准汇编(建筑装饰装修材料).中国标准出版社,2006,3.