一篇英文版论文范文

一篇英文版论文范文

有很多的同学在写英语 作文 的时候，也会写一些经典的议论文，我整理了相关范文，希望会对大家有所帮助！

英语作文范文带中文翻译

Many years ago, the movie about the youth became very popular, every year, we can see many hot movies about the protagonist’s passed youth. People like to recall their passed youth, which makes such movies sell good. But I find the common things about these movies, all the protagonists’ youth are about fighting, love and other negative things. I understand the directors’ intention, they want to tell people youth is not perfect and having pities. Of course movie is exaggerating, the real youth is about studying, at least, most people have worked so hard to get into their ideal colleges. What the movies describe make up some people’s youth, for which they don’t have the chance to experience. We should not be misled by these movies, for the teenagers, their job is to study, so that they can have a bright future.

【翻译】很多年以前，关于青春的电影很受欢迎，此后每年，我们都可以看到很多热门电影是关于主人公逝去的青春。人们喜欢回忆他们逝去的青春，这才是让这类电影好卖的原因。但是我发现了这些电影的共同点，那就是所有的主人公的青春都是关于大家，恋爱和其他消极的东西。我明白导演们的意图，他们想要告诉人们青春是不完美的，存在遗憾。当然电影是夸张化的，真正的青春是关于学习，至少，大部分人是如此努力的学习，为了进入理想的大学。电影所刻画的弥补了一些人的青春，对于他们没有机会去体验这些东西。我们不应该被电影误导，对于青少年来说，他们的工作是学习，这样他们才能有一个美好的未来。

高中英语作文范文80词

I like English. I think I can share my English learning method with you. First of all, develop interest on English. My way to make it is to watch movies from abroad. At first, I will watch the movie with subtitle. Then I will remove the subtitle, only English left. Gradually, show great interest in English. Secondly, recite vocabularies. Vocabulary is the necessary foundation to start learn English. This time you have to force yourself to remember words. Thirdly, understand basic grammar thoroughly. It is hard for me to understand the meaning of a sentence if I don’t know the basic grammar. Last but not least is to speak more. The basic purpose to learn a language is to communicate. So talk in English as much as you can. And don’t worry about losing face, because everyone makes mistakes. Those are my methods.

我喜欢英语。我觉得我可以和你分享一下我的英语学习方法。首先，培养对英语的兴趣。我的方法是看国外电影。一开始，我会留着字幕一起看。之后我就会不看字幕，只留英文。渐渐地，我对英语表现出极大的兴趣。其次，背诵词汇。词汇是学习英语的必要根基。这一点你只能强迫自己去背了。第三，完全理解基本语法。如果我不懂基本语法，我会很难理解一整个句子的意思。最后但并非最不重要的是要多说。学习语言的基本目的就是进行沟通。因此，尽可能多的用英语交谈。不要担心丢脸，因为每个人都会犯错误的。这些就是我的方法。

英语作文100词左右带翻译——珍惜时间

Chinese Spring Festival celebrating the end of winter and the warmth of spring. It began in the last day of the lunar year, end in the 15th day of lunar New Year, also is the Lantern Festival. During the Spring Festival, people use red lantern and Spring Festival couplets decorate a house, put on all kinds of colored clothes, often

An English proverb says that time is money. I consider it (this) wrong. Why? Because we all know that we can earn money be work but can not in any way get back time (in anyway). For this reason, we may (can) say that time is more valuable than money.

Many people do not know the value of time. It (this) is indeed a great pity. We must bear (keep) in mind that wasting time is equal to wasting your life.

【翻译】英国有句谚语说，时间就是金钱。我认为这是不对的。为什么？因为我们大家都知道我们能够用工作赚钱，但无论如何却无法把时间争取回来。基于此种理由，我们可以说时间比钱钱更宝贵。

许多人不知爱惜时光。这确实是可惜的。我们必须记住浪费时间等于浪费生命。

近年来,世界各国在 教育 、军事、经济、政治、文学等多个领域的交流越来越频繁,极大地促进了这些领域的进步和快速发展。下面是我为大家整理的英文学术论文，供大家参考。

摘要：英美文学中的文学批评存在多种不同的理论，不同理论学派所持有的观点也不尽相同，每个学派之间都有其丰富的理论基础，从多维的角度去进行主客观的文学批评，正是因为文学批评有着其自身科学性、审美性、公信力等方面的特点，能够包容多种批评学派的存在，对文学作品进行客观、科学的批评。

关键词：英美文学;文学批评

一、文学批评理论在英美文学教学中的意义

目前我国大多数院校都开设了相应的文学教育理论课程，而在关于英美文学的教学过程中，文学批评与文学教学是相辅相成的关系，文学批评可以从其独特的视角关注和解读英美文学作品，得到与众不同的观点，从而充分了解了整部英美文学作品的历史意义和内涵。文学批评也为英美文学教学提供了一把打开其大门的钥匙，让学生有机会从不同的角度，不同的观点、不同的思想关注英美文学，更好地促进了英美文学的发展。以文学批评基本理论为依据，应用到英美文学教学中，将有助于在学习作品过程中，避免传统的、印象式的解读，使学生通过对原著的充分解读，仔细品味原著中作者想要表达的观点，以及写作的手法，培养学生踏实阅读的学风，还能够让学生充分感受到文学的魅力，增强学习兴趣，提高学习成绩。

二、英美文学中文学批评的多方位表现形式

1.英美文学中新批评理论。

上世纪三四十年代开始出现以兰色姆()、威姆塞特()等为代表，形成了英美文学中的“新批评”理论。他们认为一切从作者的原始写作动机与作者的阅读感受为出发点所进行的文学批评都是“错误的谬论”，脱离了文学批评的初衷，将文学批评的对象进行了根本的转移，即转移到了文学作品对阅读者心理影响方面上，脱离了被批评对象的本身，从而沦为了单一的印象论。英美文学中的新批评理论认为单纯依靠阅读者的感觉，会使阅读者产生相对的“阅读错觉”——即带入阅读者已有的自我认知来干扰对作品进行正确的、客观的文学批评。新批评理论强调的是以尊重和细读原著为基础，对原著进行客观、公正的、不带有固有主观意识的文学批评，形成踏实阅读的风气。在高校英美文学教学过程中运用新批评理论，也就是说教师需要花更多的时间去钻研原著，提出更有价值的问题供学生进行课上探讨，这样才能赋予学生机会去利用新批评理论认识英美文学、了解英美文学、发现英美文学的精髓所在，主动地去学习英美文学。

2.英美文学中读者反应批评理论。

在整个英美文学历史发展过程中，从来不缺少批评的新声音和新形式的产生于与发展，斯坦利.费希(StanleyFish)就对新批评理论提出了挑战，他认为单纯的从作品本身进行分析而忽略了读者的作用，是对整个阅读过程的误解。“读者反应批评”强调原著作品对于读者的影响，读者在阅读原著后所起到的作用以及能够从中得到的感受为重点。读者反应批评理论以读者为重，从读者的角度来诠释“文学批评”的过程。作品需要“留白”，这些留白的地方正是读者阅读完作品之后进行的“自我想象”，是对作品新的解读和延展，得到一种“作者——作品——读者”三者之间的交流。但是这种理论由于强调的是读者的作用，而每位读者都是不同的个体，即便对同一文学作品，也有着不同的解读方式和看法。这是“读者反应批评理论”所面对的最大的难题。

三、英美文学作品中文学批评的特点

1.文学批评与多种学科紧密相连。

在英美文学中文学批评几乎是文学研究的 同义词 ，文学批评以文学鉴赏为基础，以文学理论为指导，对作家作品进行分析、研究、认识和评价，这一整个过程不单单是一种文学行为，更是与多种学科有着密切的联系，大部分的文学批评都运用了“心理学”“社会学”“哲学”等多种学科。尤其是文学批评中的“读者反应批评理论”充分运用了读者的阅读心理和阅读感受，来对文学作品进行文学批评，得到了相关作品的反馈。

2.英美文学中的文学批评具有审美性。

不论是以新批评理论为基础，还是以读者反应批评理论为基础，大部分的文学批评都具有审美性。这里的审美性指的是它以文学作品为基础，关注做作品所传达的艺术性和美学性，批评者需要按照美的规律，从文学作品的美学方向出发对原著进行审美性分析，作出审美判断和评价，使读者能够更好的理解和认识到作品，提升读者的审美情趣和阅读能力。

3.英美文学中的文学批评具有科学性。

任何形式的文学批评都不应该脱离科学发展的实际，正确的文学批评在批评者进行美学、艺术学批评的同时也要利用理性的 逻辑思维 方式，对文学作品进行客观的批评。批评者需要具备科学的创造性，用科学的研究 方法 、研究思维、研究理论对文学作品进行客观公正的批评，并且能够以客观事实为基础，查阅大量丰富的文学资料来对原著进行周密的、系统的分析和判断，不可参杂大量的个人主观思想、狭隘偏见，以对原著进行科学的文学批评。

四、结束语

英美文学中的文学批评存在多种不同的理论，不同理论学派所持有的观点也不尽相同，每个学派之间都有其丰富的理论基础，从多维的角度去进行主客观的文学批评，正是因为文学批评有着其自身科学性、审美性、公信力等方面的特点，能够包容多种批评学派的存在，对文学作品进行客观、科学的批评。文学又有着其特殊的地方，不同于其他客观事物，不能用一般规律去对它进行解读和分析，正是因为有了文学批评的存在，才能够在不同读者角度，不同理论支持下对英美文学作品进行深层次的分析和解读，探究作者想要表达的观点，了解原著作者的真实意图， 总结 归纳英美文学发展特点，以便更好地学习。

参考文献

1、英美文学课的困境与多媒体辅助教学刘仪华南通师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)2000-10-3025

2、高校英语专业英美文学类课程教学现状调查鲁吉西安外国语学院学报2003-12-0124

摘要：随着时代的发展，我国高等教育需要培养人文素质与科学素质相结合的人才，以促进学生的全面发展.如果学生只注重科学知识而忽视其人文素质的培养，将会成为一个只拥有知识而没有智慧的人。

关键词：英美文学;英语教学

英美文学导入作为一种新的导入模式，可以拓宽大学英语的教学模式，符合《要求》中集多种教学模式的需要.另外，我国普通高校特别是理工科院校的学生大都是理科生，在高中阶段把注意力集中在数理化和生物的学习上，对英美文学知识的了解相对较少，《要求》中提出大学英语教学要提高学生的综合 文化 素养，在大学英语教学中有必要融入英美文学导入，使学生更多地了解英美文学知识和西方文化，这有助于提高学生的学习兴趣，培养其综合文化素养.目前，我国普通高校的大学英语教师在学习期间都学习过英美文学，其中一些教师在研究生阶段的研究方向就是英美文学.教师掌握丰富的英美文学知识，有能力在导入中融入该方面的知识.所以，从大学英语教学要求、学生的求知欲和教师能力几方面来看，英美文学导入融入大学英语教学具有一定的可行性.

受传统大学英语教学模式单一的影响，很多学生在学习过程中产生厌学感、疲惫感和焦虑感，影响学生学习的积极性和学习效率，而文学导入“可以减轻学习者的焦虑感，以利于语言习得”[2].英美文学导入可帮助学生摆脱传统大学英语教学模式单一的负面影响，对新时代的大学英语教学具有积极的促进作用.

1有助于提高学生的学习兴趣

著名科学家爱因斯坦曾说过:“兴趣是最好的老师”.当学生对一门学科感兴趣时，即使没有家长、教师的督促，学生也会对这一学科不断地探索和学习，从中获得学习这一学科的乐趣.目前，我国大多数学生从小学三年级开始 学习英语 ，到大学一年级基本学习了十年英语，多数学生已经对英语产生厌倦感.所以，让学生继续学习英语的最好办法就是不断提高他们对英语的兴趣.英美文学方面的知识在高中阶段接触得较少或只接触一些浅显的内容，在导入中加入英美文学内容会使学生们觉得很新颖，从而能集中注意力认真听老师讲解并提高学习兴趣.在《新视野大学英语》读写教程第一册第七单元“FacetoFacewithGuns”中有一个 句子 :Turingthosepa-gesandstudyingtheirphotographsislikeflowingonthesadcurrentthat，likeBlake’sThames，seemsto“markineveryface，marksofweakness，marksofwoe[3]”.这句话实际上引用了美国著名浪漫主义诗人威廉•布莱克的著作《伦敦》中的诗句，教师可以通过对浪漫主义时期的诗歌特点对《伦敦》进行分析，可以增强学生对诗歌的欣赏能力和对课文中句子的准确理解.《新视野大学英语》读写教程第二册第六单元中，SectionA部分的 文章 标题是“AsHisNameIs，SoIsHe!”，有的教师会根据文章标题从人名的角度进行导入，但如果从文学角度进行导入会更加激发学生们的兴趣.这个标题实际上出自《圣经》箴言第七章，原句是“Asamanthinkethinhisheart，soheis.”教师可以从《圣经》这个角度进行导入，学生基本都听说过《圣经》，但了解得不是很多，教师可以给学生们介绍《圣经》中伊甸园、诺亚方舟、出埃及记等著名的 故事 .另外，《圣经》不仅是__的经典，也是西方文学的源头，许多英美文学中的著名作品都与《圣经》有关.综合考察这些受《圣经》影响的文学作品，我们会发现，文学作品对圣经 典故 的运用非常灵活多样.就圣经典故的类型而言，就有语典、人典、事典、意象、结构模式、观念等诸多种类[4].霍桑的《红字》、梅尔维尔的《白鲸》、斯坦贝克的《愤怒的葡萄》和福克纳的《喧哗与骚动》等许多英美文学经典作品中的对白、典故和意象都源自《圣经》.通过从《圣经》角度进行导入，学生们可以了解《圣经》与文学作品之间千丝万缕的联系，并增加对英美文学和英语的学习兴趣.

2有助于学生了解西方文化

在阅读英美文学作品时，学生们可以从中了解更多的西方文化，在国际交流中可以避免不必要的文化冲突.《新视野大学英语》读写教程中出现了爱尔兰作家奥斯卡•王尔德、英国诗人威廉•华兹华斯、约翰•弥尔顿和美国作家大卫•梭罗，教师可以从他们的作品作为切入点进行导入，用这些作品帮助学生了解西方文化.教师也可从课文中出现的单词进行导入，《新视野大学英语》读写教程第三册第四单元中出现了colony这个单词，学生们看注释都知道它是“殖民地”的意思，教师可以从文学角度进行导入，欧洲的清教徒移民在北美先后建立十三块殖民地，美国文学深受清教主义的影响，清教主义对美国文学的影响就如儒家思想对中国文学的影响一样深远，历史学家巴斯认为，没有对美国清教思想的了解，就不可能理解美国社会[6].清教徒提倡的谦卑、诚实、勤奋、节俭以及在艰难环境下的乐观精神也对美国社会产生深远影响，清教主义奠定了美国民主并塑造了美国人民的性格，美国人的勤奋、节俭和乐观与清教主义是分不开的.同时，很多美国作家在创作中深受清教主义的影响，这些作家的作品文风简朴，语言清新、直接.所以，通过对清教主义的讲解，有助于学生从根源上了解美国人的性格，有助于对西方文化有更深层次的了解.

3有助于提高学生的人文素质

随着时代的发展，我国高等教育需要培养人文素质与科学素质相结合的人才，以促进学生的全面发展.如果学生只注重科学知识而忽视其人文素质的培养，将会成为一个只拥有知识而没有智慧的人.人文素质可以帮助学生形成正确的人生观、世界观和价值观，促进精神方面的修养.《新视野大学英语》读写教程第二册第七单元“LightenYourLoadandSaveYourLife”中出现了本•富兰克林，教师可以把富兰克林作为导入的对象.富兰克林不仅是政治家、科学家，还是著名的文学家，在他的《自传》中，富兰克林为自己规定了十三条需要培养的美德，包括节制、沉默寡言、生活秩序、决心、简朴、勤勉、诚恳、公正、适度、清洁、贞洁和谦虚等.这十三条美德对当今的大学生提高人文素质具有一定的积极作用，教师可以让学生以富兰克林为典范，在日常生活中以十三条美德要求自己.教师也可以让学生们对这些美德进行自由讨论，相互交流，并对目前社会中存在的不良现象进行评价，有助于提高学生的分析能力和社会责任感.所以，英美文学导入是新时期高等教育的重要组成部分，也是提高学生人文素质的重要手段.

我国高等院校，特别是理工科院校的非英语专业学生对英美文学知识了解得相对匮乏，同时大学英语教学的导入方法也比较单一.所以，教师在大学英语教学中利用英美文学知识进行导入，既可以解决课堂导入的单一问题，又可以增强学生的学习兴趣，增加学生对英美文学知识的了解，有助于他们了解西方文化并提高其人文素质，这符合我国高等教育培养全面人才的发展需要，满足21世纪对复合型人才的需求.

参考文献

1、英美电影文学的多媒体教学模式周震,丁文英外语电化教学2002-02-2026

2、独白与交往,何去何从?——浅论英美文学课程的教学吕洪灵;外语与外语教学2006-08-0126

英文学术论文范文相关文章：

1. 英语学术论文范文

2. 编辑视野下的英文学术论文写作论文

3. 学术论文英文题名和英文摘要的写作

4. 关于学术论文中文摘要英语翻译的思考论文

5. 研究生中英文学术论文写作课程的构建论文

英文毕业论文致谢信范文(五篇)

【第1篇】论文致谢词范文（英文版）

First of all, I would like to exPss my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis. I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor, Ms**, who has offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies. In the Pparation of this thesis， she has spent much time reading through each draft and provided me with inspiring advice. Without her patient instruction, insightful criticism and expert guidance, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.

Second, I also owe a special debt of gratitude to all the professors in Foreign Languages Institute, from whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures I have benefited a lot and academically Ppared for the thesis.

Last, I should finally like to exPss my gratitude to my beloved parents who have always been helping me out of difficulties and supporting without a word of complaint.

【第2篇】论文致谢词范文（英文版）

I would like to exPss my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis. I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor, Ms. Sun Yanlan, who has offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies. In the Pparation of the thesis， she has spent much time reading through each draft and provided me with inspiring advice. Without her patient instruction, insightful criticism and expert guidance, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.

I also owe a special debt of gratitude to all the professors in Foreign Languages Institute, from whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures I have benefited a lot and academically Ppared for the thesis.

I should finally like to exPss my gratitude to my beloved parents who have always been helping me out of difficulties and supporting without a word of complaint.

【第3篇】论文致谢词范文（英文版）

My study at the College of International Studies will soon come to an end and, at the completion of my graduation thesis; I wish to exPss my sincere apPciation to all those who have offered me invaluable help during the four years of my undergraduate study here atTai Zhou Institute of Nanjing university of Science and Technology.

Firstly, I would like to exPss my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Xu Guixiang, for her constant encouragement and guidance. She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its Psent form.

Secondly, I should give my hearty thanks to all the other faculty members of the Department of English for their patient instructions in various courses and their Pcious suggestions for my study here.

Lastly, my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.

【第4篇】论文致谢词范文（英文版）

First of all, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Zhang Hong, for her instructive advice and useful suggestions on my thesis. I am deeply grateful of her help in the completion of this thesis.

High tribute shall be paid to Ms. Geng Li, whose profound knowledge of English triggers my love for this beautiful language and whose earnest attitude tells me how to learn English.

I am also deeply indebted to all the other tutors and teachers in Translation Studies for their direct and indirect help to me.

Special thanks should go to my friends who have put considerable time and effort into their comments on the draft.

Finally, I am indebted to my parents for their continuous support and encouragement.

【第5篇】论文致谢词范文（英文版）

At the very first, I am honored to exPss my deepest gratitude to my dedicated supervisor, Miss Wang Chao, with whose able guidance I could have worked out this thesis. She has offered me valuable ideas, suggestions and criticisms with her profound knowledge and rich research experience. Her patience and kindness are greatly apPciated. Besides, she always puts high priority on our dissertation writing and is willing to discuss with me anytime available. I have learnt from her a lot not only about dissertation writing, but also the professional ethics. I am very much obliged to her efforts of helping me complete the dissertation. I am also extremely grateful to Prof. Wei Xiaohong whose patient and meticulous guidance and invaluable suggestions are indispensable to the completion of this thesis.

Thanks are also due to my roommates, who never failed to give me great encouragement and suggestions. Special thanks should go to Miss Dong, Miss Ma, and Miss Wei for their brainstorming with me when I failed in coming up with ideas.

At last but not least, I would like to thank my family for their support all the way from the very beginning of my study. I am thankful to all my family members for their thoughtfulness and encouragement.

一篇英语写的论文范文

英语议论文写作是英语专业学习者学习中很重要的一项技能，恰当运用评价资源能增强作者表达对事件的态度和立场，开启话题，可以感染和说服读者。以下是我为大家整理的关于英语议论文范文，给大家作为参考，欢迎阅读!

英语议论文范文篇1

My opinion on copying others' homework

It is konwn to us all that some students copy others' homework,their reasons are as below:first of all,the homework is too much and always difficult;the second,they are not intrested in the lessons;and the third,the aim of finishing their homework is to please the teacher.

In my opinion,copying others' homework is not good,because it's against the rules of the should be honest and work hard to get high we have difficulties,we can even ask the teacher or our classmates for their help.

英语议论文范文篇2

Now it is common that students copy homework from their classmates. I think it is a terrible thing . Because homework is their own task and the check for what they learn in class.

If they copy others' homework , the teachers won't get the fact so they can't help the students to improve. Besides ,if the students can't finish their homework, they can't get the chance to go over their lessons so they can't make progress. So don't copy others' homework.

英语议论文范文篇3

In the picture we can see that a man is fishing attentively by the him there is a scholar who is stealing the fish in the man’s is obvious that the drawer of the picture tries to reveal a serious problemin the academic circle of our country — plagiarism. In recent years academiccheats have become rampant. Quite a lot of graduate students and scholars“use” others’ ideas, articles and papers without acknowledging the sourceof information.

They copy them without the fear that they might be a long time we paid less attention to the problem of plagiarism, butnow we are increasingly aware of its negative effects. Plagiarists’misconduct simply mean “stealing” others’ intellectual and academicaccomplishments, which not only depreciates their own humanity but contaminatesthe climate of the academic circle. Academic falsification is like an epidemicdisease that spreads fast and will destroy the healthy development of academicstudies. What’s worse, these plagiarists have set a very disreputable exampleto the younger generation.

So what attitude should we hold towards it? From my point of view, weshould resolutely battle against this ill phenomenon. Education of moralityshould be strengthened among the scholars and students. Those who steal others’academic achievements should be given severe punishment whenever they arespotted. If necessary, we can resort to the law to protect the interest of theoriginal writer and inventor. We must recognize that fighting againstplagiarism requires our persistent efforts.

翻译

在画中我们可以看到一位男子正在专心地在湖边钓鱼，在他身后有一位学者模样的人正从钓鱼人的鱼桶中偷鱼。显然，作这幅画的人是想揭示我国学术界的一个严重的问题—— 剽窃。近年来学术欺诈盛行，有不少研究生、学者“利用”别人的想法、文章和论文而不注明信息来源。

他们抄袭他人作品，不怕被抓。对剽窃问题很长时间以来我们关注甚少，现在我们越来越多地意识到它的负面影响。剽窃行为其实就是“偷”他人的知识和学术成就。剽窃不仅贬低人格，而且污染学术风气，它会像传染病那样迅速蔓延，破坏学术研究的健康发展。更糟的是，这些剽窃者给年轻的一代树立了坏榜样。

英语作文写作是英语学习的重要内容,也是英语学习的最终目标。下面，是我为你整理的高中英语作文议论文范文，希望对你有帮助!

高中英语作文议论文范文篇1

Encouraging Buying Cars Isn’t Fit For Today

目前不适合鼓励买车

Nowadays, we can often hear the discussion whether buying cars should be encouraged. Some people suggest that we should buy cars. But others claim that driving cars is not a wise idea. As far as I am concerned, I am in favor of the latter opinion.

To begin with, there are few parking lots, so the streets are made narrower by the cars parked along the roads. For example, my father could not find any place to park when we went to the supermarket.

Moreover, many drivers do not obey regulations, because people do not pay enough attention to the rule of traffic. For instance, I often see people cross the road when the traffic lights are still red.

Last but not least, the growth of new roads’construction is usually slower than the increasing number of cars. For example, the length of the road has gone up by 20% in 2002. However, the number of cars increased by 50% in the meantime.

From what have been discussed above, we could draw a conclusion that encouraging buying cars is not fit for today.

as far as I am concerned 就我看

in favor of 赞成

to begin with 首先

for example =for instance 例如

moreover 并且

last but not least 其次

in the meantime 同时draw a conclusion 得出结论

高中英语作文议论文范文篇2

The Good and Bad Sides of Setting off Firecrackers

燃放鞭炮的利与弊

Dear Editor,

I’m writing to tell you about our discussion we had on the afternoon of last Wednesday about the good and bad sides of setting off firecrackers during the Spring Festival. 20 boy and 20 girl students attended the discussion. As a result, 40% of them believe that setting off firecrackers certainly adds pleasure and joy to the festival, therefore, it is a wonderful tradition. But another 40% of the students think that setting off firecrackers causes air and noise pollution, and what’s worse, it sometimes causes terrible accidents to us and to our property. The other 20% have never thought about it or don’t care a bit.

Yours truly,

Li Hua

the good and bad sides of setting off firecrackers

燃放鞭炮的利与弊

as a result 结果

It is a wonderful tradition. 它是一个优良传统。

what’s worse 更糟的是

think about 想起，想到

高中英语作文议论文范文篇3

Disability

残疾

There are too many disabled people in the world. They have no differences from country to country. Some of them were disabled when they were born, the others were injured or hurt in all kinds of accidents, which made them disabled. Almost all of us feel sorry for them. We commiserate with them because they are another kind of people. But some disabled people refuse others’commiseration. They think they can do everything by themselves. They don’t consider themselves as people who have defects. They think they are the same as normal people.

In fact, a great number of people with disabilities should be taken care of by others. They get help from the government or some beneficent organizations in society. But that’s not enough. They must look after themselves on their own. When a baby with disabilities is born, it should be taught to learn some particular skills to live. Or else, it would fail in the future. So one with disabilities must have abundant confidence to fit the hard life without others’help.

too many disabled people 太多残疾人

commiserate with them 同情他们

consider themselves as 把自己当作……

the same as 和……同样

taken care of 照看，照顾

look after themselves on their own 自己照顾自己

or else 否则in the future 将来

近年来,英语专业学生思辨能力的培养受到外语教育界的广泛关注，于是英语议论文也开始兴起。以下是我为大家整理的关于300字英语议论文范文，给大家作为参考，欢迎阅读!

300字英语议论文范文篇1

Everyone dreams about the future. I also have a dream about my life in 20 years. I will live inShanghaiwith my families because we like it very much. It will be more beautiful. I will teach in a middle school. I will be a good English teacher.

I will love my students, and my students will love me, too. We will be good friends. I will do sports with my students every day. Swimming and running will be my favorite sports. I will be healthy and strong. There will be more robots everywhere. They will help us do many things. I believe we will have more time to study and play.

This is my future dream. What do you think of it?

300字英语议论文范文篇2

My ideal work has many, for instance doctor, police, boss, entrepreneur, scientist .

But I most like working as boss. When boss has many advantage for example: May make money, buy the house, to buy the car, to be filial piety the parents, to make the contribution, the gang disaster area person for the Project Hope to do decides the life the expense .......

I thought that I certainly will work as boss in the future. What but I most am now main is studies well, can work as boss.

300字英语议论文范文篇3

My future will be happy. I already graduated at that time from the university. I will have a stable will have my family, my husband,and a lovely child. What will be my future job?

I have many ideals. I want to work as a singer, stands on the stage sings for the people; I want to work as a nurse, cure illness, brings the health for the people; I want to work as a pilot, drives the airplane in the blue sky; I want to work as a gardener, with a little bit sweat irrigation flowers, lets our life forever fill the green. After growing want to ba a will have many day I will give many classes to them. I will become a teacher who is always preparing my can certainly be a good teacher in the future.

I will also be a volunteer of my city. I will help a great deal of many meaningful things. I will Make contribution to my city and the society.

If I can became an teacher, they are my forever hopes. this will be my future, when a grade teacher's dream.

I will have a bright I will study hard and make preperation for my future.

300字英语议论文范文篇4

It's my dream to be a teacher .

Why do I have this dream ? Becasue I like this teachers are sometimes strict with us. They are always friendly to us and often help us with our study .They not only teach us too much knowledge, but also tell a lot of principle .So I'd like to became a teacher in the future . From now on , I should go on working hard and listen to the teacher carefully in the I Should

一篇英语文章

近年来,英语在国际交流中的重要作用已为世界各国所了解，英语也在我国得到了高度的重视。下面是我带来的英语 文章 100，欢迎阅读!

英语文章100字1

My home town is a beautiful place. It stands beside a wide river and is rich in fish and rice.

But in the old days it was a poor and backward little town. Many people had no work. They lived a hard life.

In 1949 my hometown was liberated. Since then great changes have taken place there. The streets have been widened. Factories, schools, hospitals, cinemas and theatres have sprung up one after another. The life of the people is greatly

I love my hometown. All the more I love its people. They are working hard so as to make it still richer and more beautiful.

英语文章100字2

Chinese people are now face to a serious problem--pollution. And this problem is a little bit different from others--the goverment can not solve it by themselves. We need everyone to protect our environment. But we also know that it is very hard to call everyone to join us to protect the environment. But it seems that they have found the way to let everybody know it. In a report, Anhui Daily called on residents to help protect the river against pollution. I am so glad about it. And i believe that somewhere the pollution must stop.

英语文章100字3

My mother

There’s no doubt that my mother gives all her love to me. I do believe she is a great person who makes my life beautiful and meaningful.

She is an easygoing and kind woman with bright eyes and a lovely smile. Although she is often busy, I still feel that I am taken good care of by her. It’s a great pleasure to chat with her when I get into troubles. She always encourages me not to give up and tries to cheer me up by coming up with good solutions. In addition, I am fascinated by her cooking and writing.

With her love, I feel like a fish swimming happily in a beautiful sea. I’ll cherish her love forever.

英语文章100字4

My teacher

My teacher, Miss Wang, helped me a lot in my middle school life. She is a kind easygoing woman. I must thank her for making a confident girl.

I used to be a shy and unconfident girl. Mrs. Wang noticed me. She took good care of me and encouraged me to join the school speech contest. Of course, I failed. But Mrs. Wang cheered me up and said every man is the architect of his own future.

From then on, I practiced every day. It goes without saying “No pain, no gain.” I won the contest in the second term. In my opinion, teachers are the same as gardeners and they volunteer today and gain tomorrow. Not only can they teach knowledge but also they can teach students how to be a successful man.

Thank you, Mrs. Wang. You make a duck become a beautiful swan. I want to be a teacher that as same as you in the future.

英语文章100字5

Today is my birthday, so some of my classmates sent me prepared a tea party for invited all of them to come and take part in tea party began at half past were cold drinks and ate,talked and felt that we were the happiest men in the passed quickly. In a twinkling,the clock on the wall struck could not but say"Good-bye" to one another.

英语文章100字6

Of all the subjects, I like Chinese best because I have a good Chinese teacher. Though she has been teaching us for only three years, I respect and love her very much.

My Chinese teacher is thirty-six years old and she is neither tall nor short.

Ms Sun works very hard. She is always the first to come and the last to leave her office. She tries to make her classes lively and interesting. And we enjoy her lessons very much.

Ms Sun is very kind and friendly to us. And we're getting on well with each other. But she is very strict with us in our studies.

Ms Sun teaches us so well that we all enjoy learning Chinese. All the students think she is one of the most popular teachers in our school.

英语文章100字7

One good turn deserves another

I was having dinner at a restaurant when Harry Steele came in. Harry worked in a lawyer's office years ago, but he is now working at a bank. He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. Harry saw me and came and sat at the same table. He has never borrowed money from me. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me &2. To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately. 'I have never borrrowed any money from you,' Harry said,'so now you can pay for my dinner!'

英语文章100字8

Little boy and scorpion son

There is a child in front of city wall to catch the grasshopper, and in a short while caught the lots see a scorpion son, he to think is also grasshopper,

Then two go to catch scorpion son raises his poison to stab, say:“ come, if you really dare to do like this, connect your grasshopper that catch to also would entirely lose.”

This story warns people, and want to distinguish the pure good man with the bad person, and distinct to treat them.

英语短文写作是大学英语教学的重要组成部分,也是衡量学生英语综合水平和应用能力的标准。下面是我带来的英语短篇 文章 ，欢迎阅读!

英语短篇文章1

11 Body Hacks that You Should Know About

Have you got any tiny itchy issues with your body sometimes but don’t know how to deal with them? Say how to kill the brain freeze or what to do when your limbs fall asleep? The following 11 body hacks will help you get the issues fixed.

1. To lessen the pain when you have an injection from the doctor, cough!

Studies have shown that the act of a sudden cough cause less pain to a person while having the injection.

2. Push your tongue against the roof of your mouth and press a finger between your eyebrows if you want to clear a stuffy nose or relieve the sinus pressure.

This causes the vomer bone to rock and your congestion will be loosened.

3. Lay on your left side if you want to sleep after having a big full meal.

The stomach is higher than the oesophagus when you sleep on your right; thus allowing food and stomach acid to go up to your throat.

4. If you have a toothache, rub some ice on the on the webbed area between your thumb and index finger.

By numbing your hand, your pain intensity will be reduced.

5. When you have a nosebleed, put some cotton on your upper gums behind the small dent below your nose and press on it.

By giving pressure on the gums, the supply of the blood to the nose can be blocked.

6. If your throat is a little itchy, scratch your ear.

By doing so, you stimulate the nerves in the ear and create a reflex in the throat which causes a muscle spasm that kills the itchy feeling.

7. Use your right ear to listen to the phone or hear people talk at a party.

Your right ear picks up words better while your left ear picks up sounds/music better.

8. If you start to feel dizzy and drunk, put your hand on something hard and stable.

Putting your hand on a stable subject help you feel more balance.

9. Putting your tongue flat against your mouth’s roof can prevent brain freeze.

This is because brain freeze happens when the nerves in your mouth’s roof get too cold.

10. If your hand falls asleep, move your neck and head.

The compressing nerves in your neck causes your hand to fall asleep, so move it side to side can relieve that.

11. If you feel nervous, try to blow your thumb.

Blowing cool wind to your thumb can slow down its pulse and calm you down eventually.

英语短篇文章2

15 Things You Might Have Misunderstood About Introverts

Introverts are a misunderstood bunch. Compared to extroverts, they think differently, act differently, and even look differently when they interact with people. But there are a lot of misconceptions about what it means to be “introverted.” Here are 15 of them:

Misconception #1: Introverts are shy.

Being “shy” and “introverted” are two completely different things. Introverts are not necessarily shy or afraid of people. They don’t just don’t prefer talking for the sake of talking.

Misconception #2: Introverts are unemotional.

Introverts may not show emotion with their facial expressions and gestures, but this doesn’t mean they’re not interested in what you’re saying. Introverts prefer to control their emotions around others and internalize them. Although someone who’s introverted may not appear engaged, this is usually not the case.

Misconception #3: Introverts don’t like working in groups.

Introverts often do their best work alone, so co-workers may misunderstand them and think they don’t want to partake in group work. While introverts do have a tendency to shut down in larger groups of people when they feel like their voice isn’t being heard, introverts excel in small group situations and enjoy working in these types of environments, as long as their opinion is valued.

Misconception #4: Introverts don’t like talking.

It’s not that introverts don’t like to talk, it’s that they prefer to listen before they talk. Introverts choose their words carefully and they think small talk is a waste of time. But, they’re more than willing to engage you in a deep conversation about topics they’re passionate about.

Misconception #5: Introverts are scared to look you in the eye.

In general, introverts may not make eye contact with you as much as extroverts. This is because they don’t feel the need to partake in social norms and rituals as much as extroverts, not because they’re “scared.”

Misconception #6: All introverts are poor public speakers.

Some introverts may not like speaking in large group settings; however, many introverts are naturally gifted speakers. And, introverts generally spend more time preparing for speeches and presentations rather than “flying by the seat of their pants.”

Misconception #7: Introverts just want to be left alone.

While it’s true that introverts prefer to “re-charge” with some quiet time reading or reflecting, they also crave human interaction and enjoy the company of others.

Misconception #8: Introverts over-analyze everything.

Introverts like to analyze situations and consider all possible scenarios before making decisions. Sometimes this can lead to “analysis paralysis,” but in general, it’s a positive trait that allows them to make tough decisions with a rational stream of thought.

Misconception #8: Introverts don’t like to go out in public.

False. Introverts may not be comfortable in crowded spaces, but they love experiencing new places, people, and things.

Misconception #9: Introverts are high strung.

The opposite is actually true. Introverts tend to be much more even-keeled and level than extroverts. They are able to objectively view all scenarios, even during times of stress.

Misconception #10: Introverts are underachievers.

Because we have such an affinity for the charismatic, personable, extroverted leader, some people assume that introverts are underachievers compared to extroverts. However, there are millions of successful introverted scientists, artists, physicians, writers, and philosophers. Achievement is not necessarily related to personality type.

Misconception #11: Introverts can “break out of their shell” and become extroverts.

Introversion is an inborn personality type that you can’t change. Many people falsely believe that introverts can (or want to) “unlearn” their quiet, passive tendencies.

Misconception #12: Introverts are rude.

Introverts get a bad rap because they don’t show emotion like extroverts do. This causes people to misunderstand them and mistake their stone-face demeanor for rudeness, which isn’t the case.

Misconception #13: Introverts are no fun.

Introverts are all about having a good time–they just prefer environments that are quieter and more low-key. They don’t mind going to parties, but they prefer to spend time socializing in their inner circle of friends.

Misconception #14: Introverts don’t make good leaders.

Introverts can be quiet but confident leaders. They are particularly effective at managing extroverts because they’re good listeners and don’t compete with them.

Misconception #15: Extroverts are happier than introverts.

Happiness has nothing to do with one’s personality type. There are happy and unhappy extroverts just like introverts. Personality type does not pre-dispose you to be unhappy.

Have you ever been misunderstood because of your personality type? If so, I’d love to hear from you below!

英语短篇文章3

Introverts are a misunderstood bunch. Compared to extroverts, they think differently, act differently, and even look differently when they interact with people. But there are a lot of misconceptions about what it means to be “introverted.” Here are 15 of them:

Misconception #1: Introverts are shy.

Being “shy” and “introverted” are two completely different things. Introverts are not necessarily shy or afraid of people. They don’t just don’t prefer talking for the sake of talking.

Misconception #2: Introverts are unemotional.

Introverts may not show emotion with their facial expressions and gestures, but this doesn’t mean they’re not interested in what you’re saying. Introverts prefer to control their emotions around others and internalize them. Although someone who’s introverted may not appear engaged, this is usually not the case.

Misconception #3: Introverts don’t like working in groups.

Introverts often do their best work alone, so co-workers may misunderstand them and think they don’t want to partake in group work. While introverts do have a tendency to shut down in larger groups of people when they feel like their voice isn’t being heard, introverts excel in small group situations and enjoy working in these types of environments, as long as their opinion is valued.

Misconception #4: Introverts don’t like talking.

It’s not that introverts don’t like to talk, it’s that they prefer to listen before they talk. Introverts choose their words carefully and they think small talk is a waste of time. But, they’re more than willing to engage you in a deep conversation about topics they’re passionate about.

Misconception #5: Introverts are scared to look you in the eye.

In general, introverts may not make eye contact with you as much as extroverts. This is because they don’t feel the need to partake in social norms and rituals as much as extroverts, not because they’re “scared.”

Misconception #6: All introverts are poor public speakers.

Some introverts may not like speaking in large group settings; however, many introverts are naturally gifted speakers. And, introverts generally spend more time preparing for speeches and presentations rather than “flying by the seat of their pants.”

Misconception #7: Introverts just want to be left alone.

While it’s true that introverts prefer to “re-charge” with some quiet time reading or reflecting, they also crave human interaction and enjoy the company of others.

Misconception #8: Introverts over-analyze everything.

Introverts like to analyze situations and consider all possible scenarios before making decisions. Sometimes this can lead to “analysis paralysis,” but in general, it’s a positive trait that allows them to make tough decisions with a rational stream of thought.

Misconception #8: Introverts don’t like to go out in public.

False. Introverts may not be comfortable in crowded spaces, but they love experiencing new places, people, and things.

Misconception #9: Introverts are high strung.

The opposite is actually true. Introverts tend to be much more even-keeled and level than extroverts. They are able to objectively view all scenarios, even during times of stress.

Misconception #10: Introverts are underachievers.

Because we have such an affinity for the charismatic, personable, extroverted leader, some people assume that introverts are underachievers compared to extroverts. However, there are millions of successful introverted scientists, artists, physicians, writers, and philosophers. Achievement is not necessarily related to personality type.

Misconception #11: Introverts can “break out of their shell” and become extroverts.

Introversion is an inborn personality type that you can’t change. Many people falsely believe that introverts can (or want to) “unlearn” their quiet, passive tendencies.

Misconception #12: Introverts are rude.

Introverts get a bad rap because they don’t show emotion like extroverts do. This causes people to misunderstand them and mistake their stone-face demeanor for rudeness, which isn’t the case.

Misconception #13: Introverts are no fun.

Introverts are all about having a good time–they just prefer environments that are quieter and more low-key. They don’t mind going to parties, but they prefer to spend time socializing in their inner circle of friends.

Misconception #14: Introverts don’t make good leaders.

Introverts can be quiet but confident leaders. They are particularly effective at managing extroverts because they’re good listeners and don’t compete with them.

Misconception #15: Extroverts are happier than introverts.

Happiness has nothing to do with one’s personality type. There are happy and unhappy extroverts just like introverts. Personality type does not pre-dispose you to be unhappy.

Have you ever been misunderstood because of your personality type? If so, I’d love to hear from you below!

中文: 倘若你到海边旅行，一定会被湛蓝湛蓝的大海所吸引。你会知道，海水又苦又咸，含有大量的盐分。大海是储藏食盐的宝库。 由于地壳的变化，食盐也大量地蕴藏在内湖、岩井和矿石中，因此，盐的种类很多，有海盐、池盐、井盐和岩盐等几种。 食盐，学名叫“氯化钠”。氯化钠是一种什么样的东西呢？ 我们拿它和明矾、冰糖比较一下就会明白了。 如果我们用小锤子砸盐粒，不管砸成多么小的颗粒，它仍旧是白色的立方体。而明矾却不一样，在没有受到潮解时，它虽是晶体，却不是白色的，而是半透明的；不是立方体，而是成八面体。由于它吸水性强，即使不用小锤子敲击，在空气中也会自然潮解，变成粉末状。 食盐和冰糖都是固体，这是它们的相同之处。但是它们也有不同的地方，我们只要用舌头尝一下就能分辨了：冰糖是甜的，而食盐都是苦咸的。 就其一般性状来说，食盐味咸，是一种白色的立方体型晶体。食盐尽管不像冰糖那样受人欢迎，但是，它的用途却是十分广泛的。 正常情况下，人们每天早上的咸菜，中午的菜和汤，晚上的饺子、面条，都要加进适量的食盐，使食物的味道更加鲜美，食盐起着调味作用。但是，更重要的是人体每天必须补充一定的盐分。 英文: If you travel to the seaside will be attracted blue blue sea. You will know that the water is salty and bitter, and contains a lot of salt. Sea salt storage is the repository. As the Earth's crust changes, but also a substantial endowment, salt lake, rock wells and ore, therefore, many types of salt, Haiyan, lake salt, rock salt and salt from wells, and other programs. Salt, and named "sodium chloride." Sodium chloride is a kind things? We passed and alum, rock candy will compare understand. If we use small hammer hit Yanli, regardless of how small particles Zacheng, it remains white cube. And alum is not, in the absence of deliquescence, although it was crystal, not white, but translucent; Not cube, but then a body. Because it brew strong, and not even small hammer percussion in the air will naturally deliquescence into powder. Salt and rock candy are solid, and this is their share. But they also have differences, we can tell if a bit tongue taste : rock candy is sweet, and salt are Kuxian. On the general characteristics, salt taste salty, is a white cube-type crystals. Unlike crystal sugar, salt Although welcome, but its use is very widespread. Under normal conditions, people every morning pickle, the vegetable and soup at noon, at the dumplings, noodles, should add an appropriate amount of salt to the taste of food more often, a mixture of salt. However, more importantly the human daily must add some salt.

英语现在已经发展成为一个在世界范围内使用最广泛的语言。下面是我带来的一篇简单的英语 文章 ，欢迎阅读!

一篇简单的英语文章1

为生活而奋斗Strive for Life

生活就是要奋勇前进。所以，为什么不好好地利用上帝赋予我们的能力，尽量变成一个最优秀的人呢?生活、接受、面对、奋斗，这就是真实的生活。

Knowing that life truly is short and can only be lived once is probably the best line of thinkingfor inspiration. All humans live on a large planet, filled with exciting new experiences,adventures, knowledge, and a wealth of resources to help one with gaining wisdom andknowledge. To realize this and to allow life to take place in this is to responsibly live life. Are allhumans bound for foreign lands, foreign thought, or foreign experiences? No. Should allhumans hope to experience foreign lands, foreign thought, and foreign experiences?

Without question. Having a responsible, reasonable, and mature grasp, mentally, of all that isout there to enhance one’s experience in life, is one of the greatest blessings one can bestowupon himself. For knowing that the tools one has through birth need to be used and practicedwith; sharpened and prepared for more difficult and challenging use, does one truly andactively approach living life from a strong foundation.

Why should anyone try to live life in a constant motion towards becoming greater, becomingstronger, and becoming wiser and more educated? Why not? For facing life with arms crossed,brow furrowed, and expectation as a rule is, without question, a waste. Living life is all aboutstriving forward. So why not do what one can, utilizing one’s God-given tools, to become thegreatest individual one can be? Live. Accept. Face. Strive. Truly live.

为生活而奋斗

懂得生命短暂，而且只有一次，就会对生活充满热情。人们生活在一个巨大的星球上，每天都充满着新的历程，学到新的知识，掌握到大量的资源，并以此来获得智慧与知识。认识到这一点，并且如此生活，才是有质量的生活。是不是每个人都要去外国，了解外国人的想法，体验外国的生活呢?不是。但是不是每个人都应当有去外国，了解外国人的想法，体验外国的生活的想法呢?

毫无疑问，是的。作为一个有责任心、有理智、有思想、成熟的人，去增长见识无疑是对自己最好的奖赏。因为人天赋的能力应当被使用、被锻炼、被磨砺，为日后所面临的困难和挑战做准备，这就为他积极和真实地面对生活打下坚实的基础。

为什么一个人要变得更伟大、更强壮、更聪明、更有知识呢?为什么不呢?因为如果抱着手、皱着眉地对待生活，那么所有的期望都会化为泡影。生活就是要奋勇前进。所以，为什么不好好地利用上帝赋予我们的能力，尽量变成一个最优秀的人呢?生活、接受、面对、奋斗，这就是真实的生活。

一篇简单的英语文章2

日常生活中最简单的幸福小事

They say the best things in life are free。

人们常说，生命中最美妙的事情都是无价的。

A Reddit user asked people from around the world what life's most simple pleasures were, oneof which was getting in your own bed after a long journey。

一位Reddit网(超火社交新闻网站)的用户向世界各地的人们问了这样一个问题，即，你的生活中最让你感到幸福的小事是什么?有人回答说，是在长时间的旅行后躺在自家的床榻上。

Unsurprisingly, many pleasures that came out top on the list were ones that resulted in a senseof physical relief after solving annoyances or irritations。

并不出人意料的是，在人们列出的这张幸福小事清单上，许多带来幸福感的小事都与焦虑、愤怒等情绪消除后感到的身体舒松感有关。

These included extracting a popcorn kernel lodged in the teeth, back and head scratches, andalso the satisfying first sip of a drink when thirsty。

清单上的幸福小事还包括从牙齿缝里挑出了一颗吃爆米花时卡住的玉米壳，在背心上挠痒痒或者搔搔头，还有非常干渴的时候喝下第一口饮料时沁爽的感受。

Reddit users also agreed that freshly baked bread was another simple pleasure in life that madethem happy。

Reddit网上的用户们还表示，刚出炉的面包的香气也是让他们感到开心的幸福小事之一。

A shower with good water pressure was another comfortable life pleasure that Reddit userspraised。

还有网友表示，在适合的水压之下冲淋浴也是一件令人感到惬意的幸福小事。

LIFE'S SMALLEST SIMPLEST PLEASURES

生活中最微小、最简单的幸福小事

asleep while it's raining outside

窗外下着雨，安然入睡

or head scratches

挠挠背、搔搔头

shower with good water pressure

在舒适的水压下冲澡

in your own bed after a long journey

长途旅行后躺在自己的床上

baked bread

刚出炉的新鲜面包

first sip of a drink when you're thirsty

干渴的时候呷下一口饮料

goosebumps from a song

听到一首歌深受感动

someone to laugh that you admire or look up to

让一位你崇敬或敬仰的人开怀大笑

a task and finishing it

有始有终的完成一件事情

up for work, only to realise it's Saturday

早起准备上班，忽然想起今天是周六

一篇简单的英语文章3

How to Answer the Interview Question, 'Tell Me About Yourself'

如何回答 面试 问题“简单介绍一下自己”

It's often the first thing hiring managers ask candidates in job interviews, and the firstopportunity to really screw things up. Unsurprisingly, most of us have a really hard timesummarizing our careers, skills, and interests in the conversational equivalent of a tweet. Buthaving a job search "elevator pitch" is a really important part of acing the interview.

招聘经理在求职面试中常常问的第一个问题就是“请简单介绍一下自己”，而且这实际上也是求职者将事情搞砸的第一次机会。不足为奇的是，实际上，大多数求职者都是很不容易才 总结 好面试中自己职业、技能和兴趣的介绍，就像一条微博似的。但是求职中的“电梯演讲”也是通过面试的重要因素。

"People screw it up all the time," says career coach Connie Thanasoulis-Cerrachio, in aninterview with Forbes. "They think they should walk you through their entire résumé."

职业顾问Connie Thanasoulis-Cerrachio在福布斯的采访中提到“人们总是把事情搞砸。求职者总是认为面试者应当浏览简历上面的所有信息。”

Thanasoulis-Cerrachio and the other career experts Susan Adams spoke with agreed that theshort, snappy pitch is important, and said that the whole spiel shouldn't take more than thetime it takes to ride an elevator -- 30 seconds or less, in other words.

Thanasoulis-Cerrachio与另一位职业专家Susan Adams很赞同的一点就是：简介明快的演讲很重要。而且整个演讲花费的时间不能超过乘坐一层电梯所需的时间——也就是30秒之内。

What else should you keep in mind?

还需要记住什么呢?

1. Focus on what they need.

1.集中注意用人单位的需求

When you're trying to sell yourself to a prospective employer, it's tempting to concentrate onwhat you think your greatest strengths are. In fact, you're probably better off if you figure outhow to tailor your description of your experience to what the employer actually needs. They'renot going to hire you just because you're impressive; they'll hire you because you solve aproblem or fulfill a desperately needed function.

当你试图将自己推荐给未来的雇主的时候，集中思考自己最大的优势是很富有吸引力的。实际上，如果你能够揣测用人单位的实际需求，并按照需求来修改工作 经验 介绍，那么你的机会可能会更大。他们不会因为你给人印象深刻而雇用你;他们雇用你是因为你能够解决问题或者能够履行急需的工作职责。

2. Edit yourself.

2.编辑自己

Be prepared to go through many iterations of your pitch before you hit on the right one. Thinkof the old Mark Twain quote, "I didn't have time to write you a short letter, so I wrote you along one instead." Brevity takes time and ruthlessness.

在你想出合适的 演讲稿 之前，你要做好不断修改稿子的准备。想一想老马克.吐温的一句 名言 “我没时间写出简洁的信，所以只好写一封长信给你。”简洁不但耗时长，而且没人情味。

3. Rehearse.

3.排练

Practice on your own in front of a mirror, or better yet, with a friend, until you can deliver yourpitch confidently and without a hitch. Ideally, it should sound organic and natural -- as if youjust happened to think it up on the spot, or as if it's always been a personal credo.

在你能够自信地、毫不费力地发表演讲之前，你需要对着镜子，最好是对着朋友练习。理想情况下，演讲应该条理清晰、比较自然——就像当场恰好刚想出来的一样或者像常用的个人信条一样。

Tell Us What You Think

告诉我们你的看法

Do you have an elevator pitch for interviews?

你为面试做过电梯演讲吗?

一篇英文文献论文

英文论文参考文献示例

无论在学习或是工作中，大家肯定对论文都不陌生吧，通过论文写作可以提高我们综合运用所学知识的能力。你写论文时总是无从下笔？以下是我收集整理的英文论文参考文献示例，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

英语论文参考文献格式范本

用Times New Roman。每一条目顶格,如某一条目超过一行，从第二行起“悬挂缩进”2字符。参考文献中所有标点与符号均在英文状态下输入，标点符号后空一格。

参考文献条目排列顺序：英文文献、中文文献、网络文献。分别按作者姓氏字母顺序排列。文献前不用序号。

1)英文参考文献

(1)专著与编著

排列顺序为：作者姓、名、专著名、出版地、出版社、出版年。

例如：

Brinkley, Alan. The Unfinished Nation. New York: Knopf, 1993.

专著名中如果还包含其他著作或作品名，后者用斜体。

例如：

Dunn, Richard J ed. Charlotte Bront: Jane Eyre. New York: Norton, 1971.

A.两个至三个作者

第一作者的姓在前，名在后，中间用逗号隔开;其余作者名在前，姓在后，中间无逗号;每个作者之间用逗号隔开，最后一个作者的姓名前用“and”，后用句号。

例如：

Rowe, Richard, and Larry Jeffus. The Essential Welder: Gas Metal Arc Welding Classroom Manual. Albany: Delmar, 2000.

B. 三个以上作者

第一作者姓名(姓在前，名在后，中间加逗号)后接“et al.”，其他作者姓名省略。

例如：

Randall, John et al. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1997.

C. 同一作者同一年出版的不同文献，参照下例：

Widdowson, Henry G. EIL: Squaring the Circles. A Reply. London: Lomgman, 1998a.

Widdowson, Henry G. Communication and Community. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998b.

(2)论文集

参照下例：

Thompson, Pett. “Modal Verbs in Academic Writing”. In Ben Kettlemann & Marko, Henry ed. Teaching and Learning by Doing Corpus Analysis. New York: Rodopi, 2002: 305-323.

(3)百科全书等参考文献

参照下例：

Fagan, Jeffrey. “Gangs and Drugs”. Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol and Addictive Behavior. New York: Macmillan, 2001.

(4)学术期刊论文

参照下例：

Murphy, Karen. “Meaningful Connections: Using Technology in Primary Classrooms”. Young Children. 2003, (6): 12-18.

(5)网络文献

参照下例：

----“Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About URL” .

2)中文参考文献

(1)专著

参照下例：

皮亚杰.结构主义[M].北京：商务印书馆，1984.

(2)期刊文章

参照下例：

杨忠，张韶杰.认知语音学中的类典型论[J].外语教学与研究，1999，(2)：1-3.

(3)学位论文

参照下例：

梁佳.大学英语四、六级测试试题现状的理论分析与问题研究[D].湖南大学，2002.

(4)论文集

参照下例：

许小纯.含义和话语结构[A].李红儒.外国语言与文学研究[C].哈尔滨：黑龙江人民出版社，1999：5-7.

(5)附录本

翻译学论文参考文献范例

参考文献：

奥马利 第二语言习得的学习策略上海：上海外语出版社，2001

陈保亚 20 世纪中国语言学方法论 济南：山东教育出版社，1999

丁言仁 英语语言学纲要 上海：上海外语出版社，2001

费尔迪南 德 索绪尔 普通语言学教程 长沙：湖南教育出版社，2001

冯翠华 英语修辞大全 北京：商务印书馆，1996

桂诗春，宁春言主编 语言学方法论 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1998

桂诗春 应用语言学长沙：湖南教育出版社，1998

何兆熊 新编语用学概要 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2000

何自然 语用学与英语学习 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1997

侯维瑞 英语语体 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1988

胡壮麟 语言学教程(修订版)北京：北京大学出版社，2001

黄国文 语篇与语言的功能 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002

黄国文 语篇分析概要长沙：湖南教育出版社，1988

李延富主编 英语语言学基本读本 济南：山东大学出版社，1999

李运兴 语篇翻译引论 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2000

刘润清 西方语言学流派北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1999

刘润清等 现代语言学名著选读(上下册)北京：测绘出版社，1988

刘润清等 语言学入门 北京：人民教育出版社，1990

陆国强 现代英语词汇学(新版)上海：上海外语教育出版社，1999

拓展内容：

书写格式

1.参考文献标注的位置

2. 参考文献标标注方法和规则

3. 参考文献标标注的格式

2007年8月20日在清华大学召开的“综合性人文社会科学学术期刊编排规范研讨会”决定，2008年起开始部分刊物开始执行新的规范“综合性期刊文献引证技术规范”。该技术规范概括了文献引证的“注释”体例和“著者—出版年”体例。不再使用“参考文献”的说法。这两类文献著录或引证规范在中国影响较大，后者主要在层次较高的人文社会科学学术期刊中得到了应用。

⑴文后参考文献的著录规则为GB/T 7714-2005《文后参考文献著录规则》，适用于“著者和编辑编录的文后参考文献，而不能作为图书馆员、文献目录编制者以及索引编辑者使用的文献著录规则”。

⑵顺序编码制的具体编排方式。参考文献按照其在正文中出现的先后以阿拉伯数字连续编码，序号置于方括号内。一种文献被反复引用者，在正文中用同一序号标示。一般来说，引用一次的文献的页码（或页码范围）在文后参考文献中列出。格式为著作的“出版年”或期刊的“年，卷（期）”等+“：页码（或页码范围）.”。多次引用的文献，每处的页码或页码范围（有的刊物也将能指示引用文献位置的信息视为页码）分别列于每处参考文献的序号标注处，置于方括号后（仅列数字，不加“p”或“页”等前后文字、字符；页码范围中间的连线为半字线）并作上标。作为正文出现的参考文献序号后需加页码或页码范围的，该页码或页码范围也要作上标。作者和编辑需要仔细核对顺序编码制下的参考文献序号，做到序号与其所指示的文献同文后参考文献列表一致。另外，参考文献页码或页码范围也要准确无误。

⑶参考文献类型及文献类型，根据GB3469-83《文献类型与文献载体代码》规定，以单字母方式标识：

专著M ； 报纸N ；期刊J ；专利文献P；汇编G ；古籍O；技术标准S ；

学位论文D ；科技报告R；参考工具K ；检索工具W；档案B ；录音带A ；

图表Q；唱片L；产品样本X；录相带V；会议录C；中译文T；

乐谱I； 电影片Y；手稿H；微缩胶卷U ；幻灯片Z；微缩平片F；其他E。

书写技巧

把光标放在引用参考文献的地方，在菜单栏上选“插入|脚注和尾注”，弹出的对话框中选择“尾注”，点击“选项”按钮修改编号格式为阿拉伯数字，位置为“文档结尾”，确定后Word就在光标的地方插入了参考文献的`编号，并自动跳到文档尾部相应编号处请你键入参考文献的说明，在这里按参考文献著录表的格式添加相应文献。参考文献标注要求用中括号把编号括起来，以word2007为例，可以在插入尾注时先把光标移至需要插入尾注的地方，然后点击 引用-脚注下面的一个小箭头，在出现的对话框中有个自定义，然后输入中括号及数字，然后点插入，然后自动跳转到本节/本文档末端，此时再输入参考文献内容即可。

在文档中需要多次引用同一文献时，在第一次引用此文献时需要制作尾注，再次引用此文献时点“插入|交叉引用”，“引用类型”选“尾注”，引用内容为“尾注编号（带格式）”，然后选择相应的文献，插入即可。

不要以为已经搞定了，我们离成功还差一步。论文格式要求参考文献在正文之后，参考文献后还有发表论文情况说明、附录和致谢，而Word的尾注要么在文档的结尾，要么在“节”的结尾，这两种都不符合我们的要求。解决的方法似乎有点笨拙。首先删除尾注文本中所有的编号（我们不需要它，因为它的格式不对），然后选中所有尾注文本（参考文献说明文本），点“插入|书签”，命名为“参考文献文本”，添加到书签中。这样就把所有的参考文献文本做成了书签。在正文后新建一页，标题为“参考文献”，并设置好格式。光标移到标题下，选“插入|交叉引用”，“引用类型”为“书签”，点“参考文献文本”后插入，这样就把参考文献文本复制了一份。选中刚刚插入的文本，按格式要求修改字体字号等，并用项目编号进行自动编号。

打印文档时，尾注页同样会打印出来，而这几页是我们不需要的。当然，可以通过设置打印页码范围的方法不打印最后几页。这里有另外一种方法，如果你想多学一点东西，请接着往下看。

选中所有的尾注文本，点“格式|字体”，改为“隐藏文字”，切换到普通视图，选择“视图|脚注”，此时所有的尾注出现于窗口的下端，在“尾注”下拉列表框中选择“尾注分割符”，将默认的横线删除。同样的方法删除“尾注延续分割符”和“尾注延续标记”。删除页眉和页脚（包括分隔线），选择“视图|页眉和页脚”，首先删除文字，然后点击页眉页脚工具栏的“页面设置”按钮，在弹出的对话框上点“边框”，在“页面边框”选项卡，边框设置为“无”，应用范围为“本节”；“边框”选项卡的边框设置为“无”，应用范围为“段落”。切换到“页脚”，删除页码。选择“工具|选项”，在“打印”选项卡里确认不打印隐藏文字（Word默认）。

注：以上在word中的处理是比较常用的做法，不过作者需要了解，投稿稿件是word格式或pdf格式或wps格式，但是很多期刊是用方正排版系统排版的，二者不“兼容”。因此，作者的word投稿只是编辑部排版的原稿，排版问题作者无需太过担心；而作者如想要编辑部出刊前最后的电子稿（有些作者着急要清样或已经排版的电子稿）其实也没有太大意义，因为没有方正的软件就无法打开这个电子稿。

论文英文参考文献格式

在社会的各个领域，大家对论文都再熟悉不过了吧，通过论文写作可以培养我们的科学研究能力。如何写一篇有思想、有文采的论文呢？下面是我收集整理的论文英文参考文献格式，希望能够帮助到大家。

英文文献采用“APA格式”：

单一作者著作的书籍：

姓，名字首字母.(年). 书名(斜体). 出版社所在城市：出版社.

Sheril, R. D. (1956). The terrifying future: Contemplating color television. San Diego: Halstead.

两位作者以上合著的书籍：

姓，名字首字母., & 姓，名字首字母.(年). 书名(斜体). 出版社所在城市：出版社.

Smith, J., & Peter, Q. (1992). Hairball: An intensive peek behind the surface of an enigma. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University Press.

文集中的文章：

Mcdonalds, A. (1993). Practical methods for the apprehension and sustained containment of supernatural entities. In G. L. Yeager (Ed.), Paranormal and occult studies: Case studies in application (pp. 42–64). London: OtherWorld Books.

期刊中的文章(非连续页码)：

Crackton, P. (1987). The Loonie: God's long-awaited gift to colourful pocket change? Canadian Change, 64(7), 34–37.

期刊中的文章(连续页码)：

姓，名字首字母.(年). 题目. 期刊名(斜体). 第几期，页码.

Rottweiler, F. T., & Beauchemin, J. L. (1987). Detroit and Narnia: Two foes on the brink of destruction. Canadian/American Studies Journal, 54, 66–146.

月刊杂志中的文章：

Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

php论文英文参考文献

[1]冯国良.基于Web及VRML网络教学平台的设计与实现[D].西安电子科技大学，2010.

[2]赵胜.基于B/S架构的Moodle网络教学平台的设计与实现[D].河北科技大学，2012.

[3]晏榆洋.基于web的在线网络教学平台的设计与实现[D].电子科技大学，2013.

[4]王逾西.动态网页的数据库连接技术[J].天津市财贸管理干部学院学报，2010，12（1）：41-43.

[5]徐一菲，陈光柱，沈春丰等.基于PHP网站的远程控制系统研究[J].微计算机信息，2010，26（15）：135-136，115.

[6]丁鲁南，康梅娟.基于WAMP的红色文化动态网站的设计[J].科技资讯，2012，（26）：20-20.

[7]滕文.基于MVC模式的PHP程序开发[J].科技视界，2012，（28）：262.

[8]郭雪清，肖飞，黄正东，王光华，宋莉莉，张伟.医院绩效管理信息系统的设计与实现[J].中国数字医学，2014，13（15）03：12-14+17.

[9]袁永革.试析医院管理信息系统的设计思想及其实施[J].计算机与信息技术，2014，16（18），03：91-94.

财务论文英文参考文献

[1]Adams, M. and Hardwick, P. An Analysis of Corporate Donations: UnitedKingdom Evidence [J], Journal of Management Studies, 1998,35 （5）： 641-654.

[2]Aronoff,C.,and J Ward. Family-owned Businesses: A Thing of the Past or Model of the Future. [J]. Family Business Review, 1995,8（2）； 121-130.

[3]Beckhard,R“Dyer Jr.,. Managing continuity in the family owned business [J]. Organizational Dynamics, 1983,12 （1）： 5-12.

[4Casson, M. The economics of family firms [J]. Scandinavian Economic History Review, 1999' 47（1）：10 - 23.

[5]Alchian,A.,Demsetz, H. Production, information costs, and economic organization. American Economic Review [J]. 1972,62（5）： 777-795.

[6]Allen, F,J, Qian and M, J. Qian. Law,Finance and Economic Growth in China [J], Journal of Financial Economics, 2005,77: .

[7]Amato,L. H.,& Amato,C. H. The effects of firm size and industry on corporate giving [J]. Journal of Business Ethics,2007,72（3）： 229-241.

[8]Chrisman, ., Chua,., and Steier, L. P. An introduction to theories of family business [J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2003b, 18（4）： 441-448

动画论文英文参考文献范例多则

[1]程曼丽、王维佳：《对外传播及其效果研究》[M],北京大学出版社，2011年，36页.

[2]冯捃、何春耕：《《功夫熊猫》的跨文化传播分层解读》[J],《电影评介》，2014年第5期37-40页.

[3]范文杰、戴雪梅：《无意识一内隐认知理论的演变历程回顾及展望》[J],《重庆工商大学学报》，2009年第6期，596-601页.

[4]管文虎等：《国家形象论》[M],电子科技大学出版社，1999年，23页.

[5]郭秀艳、崔光成：《内隐学习本质特征的实验研究》[J],《心理科学》，2002年第1期，43-46页.

[6]陈晓云：《动画电影：叙事与意识形态》[J],《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》，2010年第5期，54-60页.

[7]黄国文、徐裙：《语篇分析与话语分析》[J],《外语与外语教学》，2006年第10期，2-6页.

[8]李德顺：《普遍价值与其可观基她》[J],《中国社会科学》，1998年第6期，5-14 页.

[9]刘丽英：《国家形象研究文献述评及营销视角分析一基于CSSCI（2001-2011）的研究》卬，《学术探索》，2014年第2期，120-123页.

学术论文英文参考文献注入格式

一、学术论文英文参考文献标注格式。

按照现行规定，学术期刊中论文参考文献的.标注采用顺序编码制，即在文内的引文处按引用文献在论文中出现的先后顺序以阿拉伯数字连续编码，序号置于方括号内。同一文献在一文中被反复引用者，用同一序号标示。这一规定使得所列文献简洁明了，应该引起论文作者注意。英文参考文献和中文参考文献一样，按在文中出现的先后顺序与中文文献混合连续编码着录;英文文献用印刷体;英文书名、期刊名和报纸名等用斜体;所列项目及次序与中文文献相同，但文献类型可不标出;忌用中文叙述英文。其格式为：

专着、论文集、学位论文、报告-[序号]主要责任者。文献题名。出版地：出版者，出版年。起止页码(任选)。

示例：[1]Day,C.,Veen, Walraven,G. Children and youth at risk and urban education. Research,policy and prac-tice. Leuven/Apeldoorn:Garant. 1997.

期刊文章-[序号]主要责任者。文献题名。刊名，年，卷(期)：起止页码。

示例：[2] Driessen,G.,& Van der Grinten,M. Home language proficiency in the Netherland:The evaluation of Turkish andMoroccan bilingual programmes- A critical review,Studies in Educational Evaluation,1994,20(3)：365- 386.

论文集中的析出文献-[序号]析出文献主要责任者。析出文献题名。原文献主要责任者(任选)。原文献题名。出版地：出版者，出版年。析出文献起止页码。

示例：[3] Driessen,G.,Mulder,L.,& Jungbluth,P. Structural and cultural determinants of educational opportunities in theNetherlands. In (Ed.)，Root and migration in global perspective. Jerusalem:Magnes . 104.[5]

报纸文章-[序号]主要责任者。文献题名。报纸名，出版日期(版次)。

示例：[4] Lgnatieff,M. Keeping an old flame burning brightly. The Guardian,1998- 12- 20(12)。

电子文献-[序号]主要责任者。电子文献题名。电子文献的出处或可获得的地址，发表或更新日期。

示例：[5] Baboescu,F. Algorithms for fast packet classification. .

二、关于英文人名的标注。

现行编排规范对英文人名如何标注未作明确要求，英文人名的标注较为混乱，有标注全名的，有标注时将名缩写、姓不缩写、保持原来顺序的，还有在姓、名之间加圆点的，后者是我国翻译作品中，中文书写外国人名经常采用的一种方式。其实，标注英文人名是有章可循的，在国外学术着作的参考文献中，关于人名的标注已约定俗成为一种统一的格式，即英文参考文献标注作者姓名时，要求姓在前、名在后，姓与名之间用逗号隔开，姓的词首字母大写，其余字母不大写;名用词首大写字母表示，后加缩写符号圆点，缩写符号不可省略。由于欧美国家人的姓名排列一般是名在前、姓在后，在标注时必须加以调整。如Georg Paghet Thomson,前面两个词是名，最后一个词是姓，应标注为Thomson,G. P为什么要如此标注呢?笔者认为有以下原因。

1.在应用计算机等信息工具进行英文文献检索时，以英文作者姓名中的姓作为依据之一，即以姓作为检索目标之一。

2.在欧美人姓名表达含义里，姓比名的重要性更强、更正式。用姓而不是名来代表作者，还有尊重、礼貌的意味。名缩写后加缩写符号圆点，也含有正式、尊重和礼貌的意味，缩写符号不可省略。

3.表示与平常书写姓名的不同，体现学术论文重要性、简约性和准确性的要求，符合科研论文文体风格。这种标注在英文学术着作、科技文献中已广泛采用，也容易被广大读者、作者理解、接受。

对于复姓情况，如Jory Albores-Saavedra等，在引用标注时，应将复姓全部写出，即Albores-Saavedra, J对于姓前带有冠词或介词的情况，如带有Mac,Le,Von,Van den等，标注时不能省略，应同姓一起提到前面标注，如Mac Donald,La Fontaina,Von Eschenbach,Van den Bery等。这里有个有趣的现象，对于北欧人常见的姓Van den Bery,如Van的词首字母大写，表示它是姓的一部分，标注时应与姓一起前置;如果作者姓名书写为Graham van den Bery,其中van的词首字母v没有大写，则表示它不是姓的一部分，姓Bery前置时，van den仍留在原来的位置，并且不可缩写或省略，标注为Bery,G. van den.另外，对于“姓名+学位”的情况，标注时一般把“学位”删去，不要将其误认为姓或姓的一部分.

一个参考文献有两位或两位以上作者时，标注时除按上述要求将每位作者的姓提前书写外，作者与作者之间用逗号分开，最后一位作者前加&符号，如示例[1],也可仅保留前三位作者，之后加etc.表示。

三、关于英文参考文献发表(出版)时间标注到年的问题。

发表(出版)时间是参考文献的一项重要内容，标示引用文献发表的历史时间位置，是判断引用文献新旧的一个根据，不可遗漏。国外学术论着中参考文献的发表(出版)时间标注到年，这与我国学术论着中参考文献的标注规定相同。国外学术论着中参考文献的发表(出版)时间的标注位置有标注在作者后的情况，并加圆括号，这是因为采用了“着者-出版年”制。我国学术期刊编排规范参考文献的标注采用“顺序编码”制,发表(出版)时间标注靠后，如示例[1]、[3],应按此要求标注为是。

四、英文析出文献名和原文献名的标注。

由于现行编排规范对英文析出文献和原文献的标注书写要求不够明确，目前有把析出文献名排成斜体，而把原文献名(论文集名或期刊名等)排成正体的情况。这种标注方式是不对的，混淆了析出文献名和原文献名的效力，正确的编排要求与此相反，国外的普遍作法与我国学者的论述[4]要求一致，因此这一现象值得编辑同行注意。

英文书名在英文文章中出现有排成斜体的习惯，论文集名、期刊名或报纸名与书名效力相同，故排成斜体，析出文献名相当于书中的章节标题，不具有书名的分量，故不可排成斜体。

在标注原文献名及作者时，原文献多指论文集或与之类似的著作，英文标注习惯上在编着者名前加词首字母大写的介词In,作者姓名前后次序不作调整，名缩写为词首大写字母，后加缩写符号圆点，姓完整标出，不缩写。作者后加编者一词的缩写形式及缩写符号圆点，词首字母大写，外加圆括号，如标注为In S. Weil(Ed.)，如示例[3].然后斜体标注原文献题名，后加注出版年，起至页码的缩写形式pp.和析出文献的起至页码。当原文献有两位或两位以上作者时，作者姓名同上述情况一样，前后次序不作调整，分别标出，编者一词缩写用复数形式Eds.,如In L. Eedering,& P. Leseman(Eds.)。

文献类型不宜标出。文献类型是我国编排规范制定的标注要求，国外并未采用。在中文中标注醒目、自然，在英文中此一项目的标注容易产生误解和干扰。如果是为方便计算机在检索或统计时辨识，是技术上的要求，那么就应当统一要求标注，从“可不标出”来看，尚未有技术上的要求。因而，文献类型在英文参考文献中不作标注为妥。

五、出版地和出版社(商)的标注。

出版地和出版社(商)是参考文献的重要内容，标示版权信息，不可遗漏或省略。我国一部着作一般由一家出版社负责出版发行，出版地一般也就比较明确为出版社所在的城市。国外情况就比较复杂了，由于市场经济高度成熟，语言通用程度高，着作权被普遍保护等原因，一部着作可能由不止一家出版社(商)合作出版发行，出版地也可能在不同国家的不同城市。当出版地有两处或两处以上、出版社(商)有两个或两个以上时，应当一一标出，中间用斜杠分开。如Amsterdam/Philadephia:Ben-jamins,又如Den Haag:Sdu/DOP出版地一般是出版社(商)所在的城市，标注城市名，不可标注为国家名。

参考文献补充了文章的重要信息，涉及范围十分广泛。因而，希望在修订现行编排规范时，对英文参考文献的标注作明确规定，以便作者写作和编者编辑时皆有章可循，亦使这项工作更加规范。

java论文英文的参考文献

参考文献：

[1]王庆智.王喜富.基于供应链管理的物流信息平台设计研究[A].第五届中国工业企业物流论坛论文集[C].2007(8)

[2]张翔.基于XML与Java技术构建电子政务系统的方法研究[D].西北大学.2008(5)

[3]符强.基于Java动态编程技术的软件自愈合构架研究[D].西北工业大学.2007(3)

[4]徐伟.赵嵩正.蒋维杨，基于功能的区域物流信息平台体系结构研究[J].情报杂志.2008(27)

[5]白磊，李芙玲.基于工作过程导向的JAVA程序设计课程教学研究[J].华北科技学院学报，2013，（04）：92-95.

[6]赖小平.基于工作过程导向的《Java程序设计》课程开发与实践[J].福建电脑，2015，（05）：52-53.

[7]孙晓奇，李胜，张文娇.基于工作过程的教学模式在java课程中的应用[J].电脑知识与技术，2014，（02）：338-339.

参考文献：

[1]李舒，陈丽君.高校学生成绩管理系统的设计与实现[J].辽宁大学学报：自然科学版，2006，3（3）：283-285.

[2]徐亮.高校智能排课系统的研究[J].电子设计工程，2013，21（7）：24-27.

[3]张小红.高校排课系统的设计与实现[J].电子科技，2012，25（7）：45-47.

[4]苏贞，陈海关.高校智能排课系统中蚁群算法的应用探讨[J].兰州教育学院学报，2013，29（7）：120-121.

[5]叶波霞浅谈大学生兼职在大学生活的重要性[J].中小企业管理与科技，2014，（33）

[6]王丽晖.关于大学生兼职现象的几点思考*高校一线思政工作者视角下的大学生兼职现象[J].2009，10（04）

参考文献：

[1]常征.功能测试中自动化测试框架的分析与应用[D].北京：北京林业大学，2007.

[2]徐骋.Android应用软件自动化测试框架的研究[D].大连：大连海事大学，2015.

[3]路静，王琪.一种基于功能测试的自动化测试框架[J].内蒙古科技与经济，2005（23）：25-26.

[4]曾北溟.自动化测试框架的研究与实现[D].武汉：武汉大学，2004.

[5]步倩倩.面向GUI软件的自动化测试框架的研究与应用[D].成都：电子科技大学，2010.

[6]郝义鹏.基于关键字驱动自动化测试平台的设计与实现[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学，2007.

[7]侯菊敏.基于Android的关键字驱动自动化测试框架研究[D].广州：中山大学，2012.

[8]区立斌.基于层次关键字驱动的自动化测试框架设计与应用[D].广州：中山大学，2012.

[9]郝晓晓，张卫丰.基于XML的SDK自动化测试框架的设计与实现[J].计算机技术与发展，2010（4）：101-104.

[10]谢文哲.基于模块化测试框架的单元自动化测试框架的设计与实现[D].武汉：华中科技大学，2007.

[11]陈健.基于模型的数据处理系统的自动化测试框架[D].北京：中国科学院大学（工程管理与信息技术学院），2013.

英文论文的详细格式：

一、标题

一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。

如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English734或BritishNovel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需doublespace,即隔行打印,行距约为(论文其他部分行距同此)。

二、提纲

英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为左右)的始端打上Thesis一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。

主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母；处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。

需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。

三、摘要

1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。

2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。

3、英文字体与行间距：统一使用“西文字体”中的“TimesNewRoman”，倍行间距。

4、英文题目：使用三号字加粗。

5、英文摘要：“Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。

英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。

6、英文关键词：“KeyWords”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。

四、正文

有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。

正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码；阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。

在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。

五、文中引述

正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节；既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式（即英语论文参考文献）的规范性。

引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。

六、文献目录

论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为WorksCited,其格式须注意下列几点:

目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。

目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码；如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。

标题WorksCited与打印纸顶端的距离约为,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为；各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为,不必留出更多空白。

各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等；各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。

英语论文摘要又称文摘，是论文的重要组成部分，它是以提供文献内容梗概为目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。摘要应具有独立性和自明性，并拥有与文献同等量的主要信息，即不需阅读全文，就可获得重要的信息。

摘要通常置于文题之后，文章之首。在论文发表后，论文摘要常被文献检索系统所收集。英语论文摘要一般为200-300单词，并有与英文摘要表达观点一致的中文摘要与之对应。

扩展资料：

发表论文作用：

论文是指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段，又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。不同的人发表论文的作用也不同：

1、评职称（晋升职称）：研究生毕业需要；教师、医护人员、科研院所的人员、企业员工等晋升高一级的职称时，发表期刊论文是作为一项必须的参考指标。

2、申报基金、课题：教育、科技、卫生系统每年申报的国家自然科学基金项目、其它各种基金项目、各种研究课题时，发表论文是作为基金或课题完成的一种研究成果的结论性展示。

3、世界性基础领域的研究，比如在医学、数学、物理、化学、生命科学等领域开展的基础性研究，公开发表论文是对最新科技科学研究成果、研究方法的一种展示和报道。以推动整个社会的科技进步等。

参考资料来源：百度百科——英文论文

一篇完整的学术论文范文英文

Is It Right to Require Class Attendance?Required class attendance, like an old custom, is so common in Chinese colleges and universities that many teachers and even students themselves simply assume it a good practice. But is it wise to do so? It does contribute to the rise in the number of students attending class. But is there any proven correlation between attendance and performance in a course? The value of required attendance is being questioned by more and more teachers and is class attendance required? The reason seems fairly distinct and understandable. For one thing, to ensure that all the students in his or her class are attending it has been considered one of the responsibilities of the teacher in the long run. A strong sense of responsibility is acting on the teachers and making them feel lose face or even guilty if they are facing just several students in a classroom which should be filled with many more of them. Also playing a part is that teachers have to find ways to evaluate their students, and attendance, which is a perfect measurable factor, can be their good choice apart from mere paper does that make sense? Have teachers achieved their goal? Take the first glance and people may say "yes", because you can easily find that in the courses which require class attendance there are always a lot of students. But things are not just simply what they look like, however. "I'm tired of the course,but I've got to attend it. So I leave after my name is mentioned by the teacher." A college student said so and if you have experienced college life, you'll find he's not alone in saying so. In some courses attendance checking has been somewhat a burden to the students and they have developed several ways to escape classes while still retain good record on the teachers' way is to leave silently after attendance checking, and there's still other ways such as asking others to reply when his or her name is called, etc. Even just talk about the students who never escape classes. We can hardly assume they're really "taking" the course because none of the available data shows any proven correlation between attendance and performance in a course. One may be sitting in the classroom, but who knows whether he or she is just sitting there daydreaming all the time?What surprises us is that there are students who get high marks without attending many classes. So now we seem to have reached a corner: how to explain all these phenomena? Is class attendance requirement really a ridiculous thing or have we missed something important that gives us the answer?Just consider the teachers' goal again and we can get more out of the problem. The point of all the things is that we should find a better way to arouse the students' enthusiasm and efficiency to study and attendance requirement is just one of the methods. One's course performance is measured by his or her efforts and efficiency rather than the time he spends to attend class. A student may have a high rate of attendance but low study efficiency. What's more, if we make a close research about the college education we can see why college education is not welcome. A sense of being compelled to study and not being trusted is the most important factor in it. Students in colleges tend to think they are already grown-ups who're responsible for what they can do and what they want to do. The attendance checking makes them feel that they are treated like children and thus may destroy the enthusiasm of study or even cause them to cheat the teachers in different ways. Another factor that bears the same importance is the classes, or to say the teachers them selves. Why do students fail to follow the courses? One thing that can not be denied is that many classes are simply too only repeat their materials from the textbook and students feel they can gain nothing from it. For the third but not the least one, students do lack a strong desire to study and responsibility for themselves these days. Their life is filled with too many things such as PCs, TVs, and a lot of other make them impetuous and unable to sit down quietly studying."Awareness of the problem is half of the solution," Once Edison mentioned. Now that we have reached the conclusion that mere attendance requirement is not right, nor necessary, what shall teachers and students do to find the other half of the solution and end the "hide and see" game?First, maintaining students attention and interest is still a big challenge for the classroom lecturers. One way for professors to meet the challenge is to brighten the classes with anecdotes for comic relief. Another way is to integrate visuals into classroom activities. Still another way is to punctuate the classes with discussion. Through all these methods the students' enthusiasm of study may be aroused and they would have the desire to study instead of being compelled to sit in the classroom thinking how to escape themselves should take actions to solve the problems too. The essence of the problem is how to improve their study quality and students themselves, as those who benefit from all the endeavors, must give an active response to teachers and the society. Just as Newton once said, "Exploring the unknown is the happiest thing in my life."Students must develop their interest and desire to learn in classes. They should try their best to follow the courses to get knowledge from them instead of making all kinds of excuses to escape all, taking all these factors into account, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that to require class attendance is not an effective way to ensure the students' study quality and efficiency, but it stands for the endless endeavor of educators to improve the standard of education and to give students better tourscs. Awareness of the problem is the first step and other effective measures are being taken. We have strong belief that the situation in the near future will be better and students as well as the teachers will both get high efficiency and interest from the try and believe it! We cast our eyes forward because there will be a brighter future of education!它有权要求类出席？需要一流的出勤，像一个古老的习俗，是常见于我国高校，许多教师甚至学生自己承担它只是一个很好的做法。但是，明智的，它这样做？它有助于提高学生的人数上课。但没有任何证明的关系出勤率和性能的课程？所需的价值提出质疑出席正在为越来越多的教师和学生。为什么一流的出勤需要？其原因似乎相当明显的和可以理解的。一方面，以确保所有的学生在他或她的阶级参加它一直被认为是的责任，老师从长远来看。强烈的责任感是代理的教师，使他们觉得没面子，甚至如果他们有罪面临只是几个学生在课堂应该充满了更多的人。也发挥了部分教师必须找到办法来评价学生，入学，这是一个完美的衡量因素，可他们很好的选择除了单纯的文件马克。但是，这是否有意义？有教师实现其目标？采取乍一看，人们可能会说“是” ，因为你可以很容易地找到，在课程，需要有一流的出勤率一直是很多学生。但事情并不只是他们看起来像，但是。 “我已经厌倦了球场，但我必须参加它。所以，我离开后，我的名字是提到的老师。 ”大学生这么说，如果你经历过大学生活，你会发现他不是一个人这样说。在一些课程出勤率检查而得到某种程度的负担，学生和他们已经开发几种方式来逃避上课，同时仍保留良好记录的教师方式是默默离开后，出席检查，并还有其他方式，如要求别人的答复时，他或她的名字叫做等甚至只是谈论谁没有逃生的学生上课。我们也难以承担他们真正“同时”的过程，因为没有可用的数据显示任何证明关系出勤率和性能的课程。人不得坐在教室，但谁知道他或她是否只是坐在那里白日做梦吗？我们什么惊喜的是，有学生谁获得高分没有参加许多课程。因此，我们现在似乎已经达到一个角落：如何解释这些现象？是一流的出勤要求实际上是一个可笑的事情，或者我们错过了一些重要的是给我们提供了一个答案吗？只是考虑到教师的目标，我们可以再次获得更多的问题。这一点对所有的事情是，我们应该寻找更好的方式来调动学生的积极性和效率，研究和出勤率的要求是公正的方法之一。一个人的表现当然是衡量他或她的努力和效率，而不是花费的时间，他上课。一个学生可能有很高的出席率低，但学习效率。更何况，如果我们作出的密切研究大学教育，我们可以看到，为什么大学教育是不欢迎。感被迫学习和不信任的是最重要的因素了。高校学生往往认为他们已经大人谁是负责他们能做什么和什么，他们想做的事情。出席检查使他们感到他们是一样对待孩子，从而可能破坏研究的积极性，甚至导致他们作弊的教师以不同的方式。另一个因素是承担同样重要的是阶级，或说他们的老师身上。为什么学生不能按照课程？有一点不能否认的是，许多班级太只能重复其材料的教科书和学生认为他们可以从它得到任何好处。第三，但并非最不重要的，学生们缺乏强烈的愿望，研究和责任为自己这些天。他们的生活充满了太多的东西，如电脑，电视，还有很多其他使他们浮躁，无法坐下来安静地学习。“对这个问题的认识是成功的一半的解决方案， ”一旦爱迪生提及。现在，我们已经得出的结论是，仅仅出席的要求是不正确的，也没有必要，什么应做教师和学生找到另一半的解决方案和最终的“隐藏和见”的游戏？第一，保持学生的注意和兴趣仍然是一个很大的挑战的教室讲师。一种方式教授，以满足目前的挑战是良好的班级轶事的漫画救济。另一种方法是把视觉到课堂活动。还有另一种方法是点状的班级讨论。所有这些方法，通过学生的积极性，研究可能会引起他们将有希望的研究，而不是强迫坐在教室思维如何解脱出来。学生自己应采取行动来解决问题。问题的实质是，如何改善他们的学习质量和学生本身，因为这些谁从中受益的一切奋斗，必须给予积极回应教师及社会的。正如牛顿曾经说过， “探索未知是最幸福的事情在我的生命。 ”学生必须发展自己的兴趣和愿望，学习班。他们应该尽力按照课程获得的知识，他们不是使各种借口逃避班级。毕竟，考虑到所有这些因素考虑进去，我们可以安全地到达的结论是，需要一流的出勤率不是一个有效的途径，以确保学生的学习质量和效率，但它代表了无尽的教育工作者的努力，以改善标准教育，并让学生更好地tourscs 。对这个问题的认识是第一步和其他有效措施，目前正在采取。我们有坚定的信念，这种情况在不久的将来将能更好地和学生以及教师都将获得高效率和兴趣的课程。刚刚尝试，并认为它！我们把我们的眼睛向前，因为将有一个更加光明的未来的教育！

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下面是关于学术论文英文摘要模板，希望对你们有帮助。

Abstract

Since Dewey developed the concept of “critical thinking”, many scholars abroadhave carried out a series of studies about improving students' critical thinking skills ineducation field. In the 1980s,critical thinking became the target of higher educationprograms in such foreign countries as the US and Canada. It has gained its widespreadattention in China only in recent years. But there are only few studies about it ineducation field. Our traditional English teaching method pays much attention to thetraining of students' linguistic knowledge and language skills but ignores thecultivation of students' critical thinking abilities. In the process of skill practice,teachers often stress the importance of memorizing vocabulary and imitating skillsrigidly,but neglect the students' abilities in analyzing problems and putting forwardinnovative solutions. Therefore, English writing teaching is affected by this andmerely attaches emphasis to train students' reading and writing skills. There are fewstudies which aim at systematically cultivating students' analysis, synthesis, summary,comparison and reasoning skills while they are writing. Therefore,this study aims atdesigning some writings tasks and teaching strategies which can be used to fostercollege students' critical thinking awareness and promote students' all-rounddevelopment.

According to six critical thinking skills,this study was carried out by requiringstudents to hand in an argumentation. All participants in this study are non-Englishmajor college freshmen from a 211 key university. The revised version of Rubric forQualitative Critical Thinking Skills Instrument was used in this study. Withquantitative and qualitative analysis,writing experiment is conducted within a wholesemester to collect data concerning students' learning behavior. Reading-to-write isused in experimental class while traditional method is adopted in control class. Thewriting scores by the experimental and control class were statistically processed bysoftware SPSS . And also the interview was launched in some of students inexperimental class to assess students' critical thinking abilities reflected in theirwritings-The final analysis indicated that EGAP writing model exerted a significantlypositive influence in improving students' critical thinking skills, especially in arousingstudents' writing enthusiasm and critical thinking awareness. Compared with controlclass, students in experimental class made big progress in writing competence. Inaddition, this study put forward some reform proposals to the teaching of Englishwriting. The study is of great value to instruct students to employ critical thinkingskills in their writing.

Abstract

A large body of research has been conducted on the effects of technology-enhancedEnglish vocabulary learning since the 1960s (Marty, 1981)。 However, no consensus hasbeen reached yet (Choo, Lin, & Pandian,2012; Mohsen & Balakumarohsen, 2011)。

Despite the fact that some narrative reviews have evaluated and explored thesecontradictory results, this study aims at quantifying the overall effectiveness oftechnology-enhanced English vocabulary learning with a different approach to review:meta-analysis and performing in-depth moderator analyses of learning method and testtype further.

Totally, twenty effect sizes from thirteen pieces of primary research are obtainedafter collecting related literature published or unpublished in recent ten years via fourchannels and selecting through three filters. Later, all the primary research is coded anddata are computed in random-effects model with software ComprehensiveMeta-Analysis.

Results show that: (1) Technology has a positively large effect on Englishvocabulary learning according to Cohen's standards as proposed in 1992 (g = 95% confidential interval of [, ])。 (2) Learning methods (intentional learning,incidental learning, and integrated learning) have impacts on the overall effectiveness.

Heterogeneity exists in the three learning methods (g = = 0,01 < )，Effectiveness of intentional learning, incidental learning and integrated learning is ^ =, g 二 , g = respectively. Incidental learning under technology-enhancedenvironment yields the largest effectiveness on English vocabulary learning. (3) Testtypes (recognition tests, recall tests,recognition + recall tests) also have impacts on theoverall effectiveness. The three test types are heterogeneous as well {Q = , p = < )。 Recognition tests, recall tests, and recognition + recall tests have effectsizes of and respectively. Technology-enhanced English vocabularylearning achieves the largest effectiveness in recognition tests.

Abstract

The present study, which is based on the Competing Values Framework (. CVF:a framework to identify the organizational effectiveness and to define organizationalculture)， aims to investigate English teachers, teaching motivation at universities, theirperception of the organizational culture in the target university,their professionalaspiration and how they affect each other. The research questions to be addressed are asfollows: (1) How do the English teachers perceive the organizational culture at theirworkplace? (2) How much effort will the teachers pay for their professionalengagement and aspiration? (3) What kinds of motivation do the English teachers in thetarget university appear to have? (4) How will the organizational culture and theprevious experience affect teachers' motivation?

This study employed four different questionnaires as the research instruments,including one demographic questionnaire and three research questionnaires, . thedemographic questionnaire, the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (. theOCAI) (Cameron & Quinn, 1999)，the Professional Engagement and CareerDevelopment Aspiration-scale (. the PECDA-scale) (Watt & Richardson, 2008b)，andthe Work Tasks Motivation Scale for Teachers Teaching (. the WTMST) (Fernet et al.,2008)，to investigate the above mentioned research questions. The whole investigationtook roughly 12 weeks and involved three stages: the preparation stage,the pilot study,and the main study.

The findings of the present study show that most of the teachers are intrinsicallymotivated and with identified regulation influenced by the performance culture and theclan culture which are the dominant culture types of the target research site. Results alsoindicate that the overseas experience and length of teaching experience affect teachers'perception of tixe organizational culture and motivation. The participants who haveoverseas experience tend to be more with the sense of professionalism, moreintrinsically motivated and be more confident with their competence in the academicarea; and the ones who have longer years of teaching experience are with moreidentified regulation and introjected motivation and are more committed and moreassured of staying in the education field. The participants in the target universitybasically belong to the highly engaged persisters,and the male teachers expect to be theleadership.

Abstract

Owing to the economic, social and academic needs as well as the advantages of EGAP(General Academic Purpose in Chinese College English) itself, there exist 这 great deal ofnecessity and feasibility for applying English for EGAP class. It is our understanding thatwriting plays an extremely important role in the course of EGAP and genre is a quiteinfluential factor in improving students5 writing competency. However,the investigation ofstudents' current writing situation shows that being deeply influenced by traditional writingteaching methods which emphasize grammar and vocabulary; the students have littleknowledge about genre approach theoretically or systematically and lack the awareness ofgenre. Because of this,it becomes necessary to put forward an English writing teachingapproach which is effective as well as applicable to the situation in China so as to enhancetheir writing competence.

This paper firstly gives a brief introduction to the developing trend of EGAP bydiscussing its necessity and applicability in China and the main views of two schools of genretheory, the tiieoretical foundation and genre-based approaches of three main schools of genrestudy and practice. And also,their characteristics are compared and the adaptability inChinese College EGAP class is analyzed, based on which it puts forward a modifiedGenre-based approach in EGAP writing class in order to enhance students' genre awarenessand improve their writing skills.

To achieve this, two non-English major classes of freshmen in East China University ofScience and Technology (ECUST) have been selected as the experimental class andcontrolled class, and the research lasts one semester. The Genre-based approach is applied inthe experimental class following a modified Genre-based approach. And a comparison hasbeen made on the same subject at the beginning and the end of the semester and thecomparison and contrast between the experimental class and controlled class have also beenmade. Owing to various factors,such as learning motivation, different students show variedextent of acceptance to certain teaching approaches. Therefore, emphasis has not only beenput on the overall changes,but also on the individual differences.

There are three hypotheses:

1. Can Genre-based approach enhance students' genre awareness? 2. Can “genreawareness” really improve students' writing ability in EGAP? If the students can get overallimprovement, is there any difference in gender and the students with diverse learningaptitudes because of the individual difference? If some students fail to improve, what's thepossible reason behind it? 3. Will Chinese students accept and adapt to Genre-basedApproach?

Three sets of data from six writing assignments, writing in final-term examination andquestionnaires are collected and analyzed with the help of the software SPSS . And thestudy indicates that: (1) Genre-based approach has a significant effect in sensitizing students'genre awareness, improving holistic writing competence; (2) during the whole experimentalprocess, girls have a stable superiority over boys, however, boys' improvement fluctuation iscomparatively obvious; (3) students of medium efficiency have the greatest potential to makebig improvement; (4) Unavoidably, in this research there are some students who fail to gainimprovement in terms of writing ability or get changed in terms of writing notions, andthrough analysis it has been found that the main objective reasons are: the difficulty ofwriting itself,the differences of culture and ways of thinking between east and west,thelimited teaching period, etc.; and subjective reasons mainly come from: the limitedcompetence of students themselves, the lack of interest in English writing, etc(5) aoverwhelming majority of students are liable to accept this approach and able to adapt to itpretty well, yet acceptation is not absolutely accompanied by adaptation; (6) feedback is adispensable part in English writing teaching, and more specific feedback will bring strongermotivation in students' self-correcting and developing;In the end,the author presents some limitations in her research and hopes that this cangive some hints and tips to further research in EFL writing classes.

Abstract

In college English listening & speaking classrooms, language and other semioticsystems cooperate together to help students construct meaning. It can be reflected inthe design of textbooks and the use of audios, videos and images, etc. Thus, in thisthesis, the theoretical foundation is the theory of multimodal discourse analysis (MDA)derived from Systemic Functional Linguistics and Social Semiotics. The essence ofMDA is that other semiotic resources such as: images, audios, etc. are as important aslanguage in the meaning-making system. Visual Grammar, Acoustical Grammar andthe integrated frameworks of MDA are the main analysis approaches in this thesis.

Meanwhile, the results of the teaching investigation and the MDA for textbooksare the practical foundation for the multimodal teaching design, providing feasibleand effective suggestions in this thesis. According to the results, it can be concludedthat students have more or less realized multimodality in this course and argue thatmultimodality should be used in moderation; multimodal classroom activities, socialcontent, etc. should be brought into the class; teachers should remind students to payattention to images, fonts change and other multimodal factors in textbooks.

Therefore, when conducting the multimodal teaching design, attention should bepaid to: (1) Modalities influence each other with clear priorities in this course. (2)Words modality and acoustical modality are the primary modalities, while othermodalities are just used as tools to provide supplementary information and to improveteaching efficiency. (3) The chosen modalities should provide supplementaryinformation to make the learning material more easily understood and help studentsconcentrate. Then, on the basis of the above principles and the writer's teachingexperience, a sample teaching design has been worked out, then its' feasibility andeffectiveness have been verified by an empirical study with the method of interview.

Abstract

Degree adverbs play a crucial role in daily language communication. However,owing to their wide varieties and similar meanings, it is hard for language learners toreally master their meanings and usages.

With the aid of AntConc and based on the corpora of FROWN (TheFreiburg-Brown Corpus of American English)，FLOB (The Freiburg-LOB Corpus ofBritish English) and CLEC (Chinese Learner English Corpus)， the study aims tocompare the actual use of common English degree adverbs in terms of semanticprosody between Chinese EFL learners and native English speakers. The researchprocedures consist of two steps. First, AntConc is launched to extractconcordance lines of the target node words in each corpus and the semantic featuresof the node words' collocates are analyzed; then, the semantic prosodies of these nodewords are summarized and comparisons are made between the two corpora.

The results indicate that there are differences as well as similarities betweennative English speakers and Chinese learners in their use of semantic prosody.

Chinese EFL learners tend to underuse the negative semantic prosodies of fairly,highly, and totally?,overuse the negative semantic prosodies of extremely; and misusethe semantic prosody of terribly. The results also show that some problems exist inChinese learners' use of semantic prosodies of degree adverbs, and the reasons mayinclude their first language transfer, intralingual transfer, and the lack of informationabout the semantic prosody in dictionaries and textbooks.

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