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提供几篇关于土地资源管理工作的相关英文文献，供写作参考。[1] Vitousek P M, Mooney H A, Lubchenco J, Melillo J M. Human domination of earth' s ecosystems .Science, 1997,277, 277 :497~499 .[2] GLEMENT G, et al. OGDI : Toward Interoperability Among GeoSpatial Databases .SIGMOD Record, 1997,263, 26(3) :18~23 . [3] W Fan, L Libkin. On XML integrity constraints in the presence of DTDs .Journal of the ACM (JACM), 2002,493, 49(3) :368~406 .
浅析公益林规范化管理论文
1、板桥林场公益林基本情况
板桥林场位于驻马店市驿城区板桥镇，界于北纬32°50′~33°10′，东经113°15′~113°45′之间。东北、西北和北部分别与确山县、方城县和舞钢市接壤。森林经营总面积万hm2，公益林总面积万hm2，其中2004年经国家认定的国家级公益林面积万hm2，2006年认定的省级公益林万hm2，全部为水源涵养林，权属国有，森林覆盖率为95%。由于地域优势，林场林地植被丰富，其中有香果树、杜仲、粉椴等，辖区内分布的哺乳类、两栖类、蠕性类等野生动物资源十分丰富。
2、公益林工作开展情况
抓好护林员选聘，注重业务能力培养
护林员的素质决定着公益林管护的成败。为此，板桥林场专门成立了公益林管理办公室，委派2名林业技术骨干，专职公益林管理。林场专职护林员实行聘用制，按照竞争上岗，择优录用的原则，一年一聘。管护公益林的护林员在本场范围内，且有《森林管护》等级的正式职工中产生，并与场签订《国有板桥林场公益林护林合同》，佩证上岗。合同明确规定了护林员的护林范围、面积、期限、权利、报酬、义务及违约责任等。管护区域按《河南省生态公益林管理办法》，在不打破林班的原则下划分管护区域，确定管护面积，结合护林员的档案工资发放护林员的管护劳务费。场公益林管理办公室负责对选聘的护林员进行相关的政策、法规、森林防火、林业有害生物防治、野生动植物保护等有关公益林管理知识的岗位培训，使护林员具备森林管护的技能，从而更好的胜任公益林管护工作。
建立长效管理机制，抓好岗位责任监督
为加强公益林管理的长效管理，板桥林场严格按照公益林管理办法，签订“二级合同”，先由板桥林场与市林业局签订《国家级公益林管护合同》和《省级公益林管护合同》，再由板桥林场与护林员签订《河南省公益林护林员护林合同》，具体落实管护责任。为规范公益林护林员管理，评价护林员的管护效果，建立长效机制，制订了《国有板桥林场生态公益林护林员管护细则》。场公益林管理办公室负责对选聘的护林员开展职业道德教育、业务知识培训。公益林管理办公室负责对选聘的护林员护林绩效进行考核，护林员的劳务费与护林绩效挂钩，及时调换不称职或不合格的护林员。场公益林管理办公室每月对各林区护林员召开一次例会，随机查岗不少于2次，查验护林日志记录，上岗签到，管护区内有无盗伐林木、乱采滥挖、乱牧滥猎等毁坏公益林资源的现象。护林员请假必须经林区主任批准，以请假条为准，说明请假原因和时间，电话请假一律不予认可。护林日志要求每日记录，认真记录时间、天气、巡护路线、巡护期间发生案件记录、违章纠查记录及宣传记录。同时要求护林员做到“三必须”：必须记录好巡护日志，必须认真参加培训，必须坚持参加例会。公益林管理办公室及时通报巡查结果，为场考评护林员提供依据，进而安排下步管护工作[1]。
加强宣传，营造良好的舆论氛围
公益林管理工作涉及面广，政策性强，不少基层工作人员和林区群众对公益林的生态作用不了解，对国家实施森林生态效益补偿的政策不清楚，为了确保公益林管理工作的顺利推进，仅靠林业部门一家是不可能实现的，必须提高大众的认识，调动全社会的积极性。为此我们举办了公益林学习培训班，利用广播、电视、场宣传车、印发宣传册，多种宣传途径，向广大社会人员宣传有关林业的法律、法规，森林分类经营改革政策。同时在重点公益林周边的主要路口，河流交叉口设立公益林标牌，明确公益林的管护范围、责任和进入重点公益林林区的注意事项。通过这些工作的落实，取得了社会人员的理解和支持，有效地预防了放牧、砍柴、违法征占用公益林情况、活林木丢失等人为破坏公益林资源行为的发生，减轻了公益林管护人员的负担，提高了公益林概念的社会认知。
完善公益林档案和数据库管理
板桥林场成立了公益林管理办公室，明确专人做好公益林档案管理工作。从公益林区划界定到管护合同、有关管理方案、方法、规章制度及上级文件，分事权等级，分类别存放。档案资料有专人负责，有专门的档案室及档案柜，充分发挥档案的科学性和连续性，使公益林档案管理更加规范有序。建立完善河南省生态公益林数据库，对全场生态公益林进行全面核查，核实公益林小班面积和小班相关因子，将全部国家级公益林和省级公益林落实到具体小班，并制作shp格式的矢量数据库和河南省生态公益林小班基础信息数据库，完善公益林数据库相关资料。
建立监管机制，强化科学支撑
林场按照《中央财政森林生态效益补偿基金管理办法》和《河南省生态公益林管理办法》等规定，加强资金管理，确保专款专用，不得截留、克扣或挪作它用，确保资金真正用到公益林管理上去。
注重管护绩效，提高生态意识
《国有板桥林场生态公益林护林员管护细则》规定，护林员的管护效果和护林劳务费挂钩，护林员管护区内一年中无森林火灾发生、无乱砍滥伐、无乱占林地，优先续签护林合同，对考核不合格的护林员终止护林合同。建立宣传机制，提高职工的生态保护意识。负责公益林管理的同志不仅要自己首先学习好公益林管理规定及补偿政策，更要主动为护林员和领导提供学习材料，采取灵活多样的学习形式和学习手段，共同把公益林管理工作做好。
3、存在的问题
林分质量低
板桥林场为事业差供单位，经费30%来源于财政拨款，70%需要单位自筹，林场为了生存，争取了低产林改造、林木皆伐等项目，森林植被遭受破坏，导致林分质量下降。板桥林场树种为建场时营造的马尾松、黑松、麻栎，树种单一，纯林多，混交林少，阔叶林多，针叶林少。山上土层厚度较薄，树木生长缓慢，病虫害危害比较严重，林区立地条件不高，藤灌较多，有些树木大面积枯死，加上林区内群众封建迷信，进入林区上坟烧纸，使林区内森林火灾时有发生，影响树木生长，降低了林分质量。补植补造后，管护区内牲畜过多，啃食幼苗，幼苗生长缓慢，中幼龄林多，成熟林少，造成生态林林分质量不高，起不到有效抵御自然灾害的屏障保护作用，生态功能等级偏低。
补偿标准低，支撑保障能力不强
自2004年生态公益林实行森林生态效益补偿基金以来，森林生态效益补偿标准偏低。虽然各级财政投入林业资金总量逐年增加，但与林业建设的.需求相比差距还很大，补偿资金只能够满足一部分护林员的护林劳务开支，远远满足不了公益林补植、补造、基础设施建设费用等开支，国有林场尚未摆脱贫困，生态公益林经营管理者的工作积极性不高。
管护难度大，缺乏护林经验，素质参差不齐
由于历史和自然等原因，林业产业发展基础薄弱，致使林区工作站、森林病虫害防治、森林防火等基础设施落后，大部分林区道路较差，加大了林业资源管护难度。在选聘管护人员队伍中，大多数是初、高中文化水平，只有少数的技术员和管理人员是大专以上学历。因此，他们对管理好生态公益林缺少清楚的认识，也缺少应有的护林知识、技巧和经验，致使公益林管护目标不明确，护林效果不好。
4、公益林管理的建议
根据生态区域的重要性和脆弱性，综合森林质量、管护难度，对现有生态公益林提高森林生态效益补偿标准。在不破坏生态的前提下，充分利用生态公益林的景观资源、林下资源，科学合理地规划林地保护与利用，保障林业的可持续发展和生态安全，实现生态、社会、经济效益的有机统一。加强生态公益林的管理，全面禁伐。通过中幼林抚育和大径材培育，促进保留木生长，缩短林木成熟期，提高林分质量和生长量。实行造林树种多样性（适地适树），改善树种单一结构问题。板桥林场管护面积大，各护林点基础设施薄弱，不能适应现代化管理模式，亟待加强基础设施方面投入。提高管护人员素质是为了更好地管护生态公益林资源，实施生态安全屏障保护修复。应对护林员进行林业法律、法规方面的学习和系统的、专业的理论知识培训，培育壮大专业管护人员队伍，增强林业基础保障能力。
参考文献：
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社区管理论文参考文献 参考文献1、 张璇. 现代调解制度的价值考察[j]江苏警官学院学报 , XX,(05) . 2、唐茂林. 论人民调解的转型[d]湘潭大学 , XX 3、黄翘云. 和谐社区长效机制的探讨[j]. 武汉学刊 , XX,(01) 4、张芝霞. 我对社区调解工作的几点体会[j]. 社区 , XX年,(05) 5、姜振华. 社区参与:对社区居民与居委会互动关系的透视[j]. 中国青年政治学院学报 , XX年,(03) 6、郝增福. 社区调解引入“民主听证”的'实践与思考[j]. 中国司法 , XX,(04) 7、罗淳. 社区问题探讨[j]. 理论与改革 , 1999,(02) 8、陈新江. 推进社区依法治理之我见[j]. 中国司法 , XX,(07) 9、姜良栋. 建立治安调解中心的探索与实践[j]. 公安研究 , XX,(07) 10、江舟. 治安调解处理的背后[j]. 检察风云 , XX,(19) . 11、刘武俊. 重估调解制度的价值[j]. 中国司法 , XX,(01) . 12、约翰·布拉德, 戈玉和. 社区调解、刑事司法与恢复性司法——法律制度的重构[j]. 北京政法职业学院学报 , XX,(03). 请继续阅读相关推荐： 毕业论文 应届生求职 毕业论文范文查看下载 查看的论文开题报告 查阅参考论文提纲
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沈四光 因梦想与物业结缘 为发展而改革创新——我与物业管理这些年 《中国物业管理》 2011年 第7期 谭善勇.物业管理市场理论与实务[M].北京：首都经济贸易出版社，2001. 陈德豪.物业管理概论与实务[M].广州：广东职业技能鉴定中心，2005.
财务分析在财务管理中的作用参考文献
财务管理关系着企业的生存以及发展，企业领导者高度的重视企业的'财务管理。下面是我分享的财务分析在财务管理中的作用的参考文献，欢迎阅读!
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1、〈〈世界上最有效的管理——激励〉〉 王祖成编著，中国统计出版社，2002 年。2、《财务管理与实务》 孔宁宁编著，中国对外经济贸易出版社，2002 年。3、〈〈企业经营管理者与财务会计〉〉 胡逢才编著，冶金工业出版社，2000 年。4、〈〈激励型领导〉〉 （英）Jane Cranwell-Ward) 著，机械工业出版社，2003 年。6、小林健吾.企业预算管理[M].台北:台华工商图书出版公司，19987、潘爱香等.全面预算管理[M]..杭州:浙江人民出版社，20018、高丛.传统预算管理改革新思路[J].河南商业高等专科学校学报，2004，5:37一38至于文献格式自己弄一下吧！
财务管理论文英文参考文献
范文一
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范文二
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这本来是中文的..很难找,你写没有也好..In the domestic financial liberalization, internationalization and the diversification of such securities under the influence of trends, financial management (Financial Management) has become operational needs of the important part is also a subject of great interest to managers. Very wide scope of financial management, mainly for investment management, finance management, operational management, operations management, including cash management, liquidity management, accounts receivable management and inventory management, inventory management, which (Inventory Management) for the current business the most attention; by the famous Moore's Law (Moore's Law), will focus on electronic computation of the components shrink in the chip, the progress in technology, making computing power will double every 18 months, it led to high-tech product life cycle is too short, a new products sales boom often only 3 to 9 months, so inventory management becomes more important. Inventories are in balance sheet liquidity, however, to inventory management point of view, but the cost of inventory backlog is not the assets, inventory shortage although it may be unable to meet customer demand, the loss of part of the order; However, the backlog of excess inventory of company funds will be the other 35, according to domestic accounting standards, asset impairment assessment bulletin, if the product will be an immediate impact for the sluggish corporate profit or loss.
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企业绩效评价论文参考文献
参考文献是论文的重要构成部分，也是学术研究过程之中对于所涉及到的所有文献资料的总结与概括，一般状况下需要笔者将论文之中的学术资料、论文研究文献、注释文献等等诸多资料进行集中展示与整合，进而集中地展现在论文形态之中。以下是2篇关于企业绩效评价论文参考文献的范文，希望大家喜欢!
企业绩效评价论文参考文献一
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Key Performance Indicators (KPI)How an organization defines and measures progress toward its goalsKey Performance Indicators, also known as KPI or Key Success Indicators (KSI), help an organization define and measure progress toward organizational an organization has analyzed its mission, identified all its stakeholders, and defined its goals, it needs a way to measure progress toward those goals. Key Performance Indicators are those Are Key Performance Indicators (KPI)Key Performance Indicators are quantifiable measurements, agreed to beforehand, that reflect the critical success factors of an organization. They will differ depending on the organization. A business may have as one of its Key Performance Indicators the percentage of its income that comes from return customers. A school may focus its Key Performance Indicators on graduation rates of its students. A Customer Service Department may have as one of its Key Performance Indicators, in line with overall company KPIs, percentage of customer calls answered in the first minute. A Key Performance Indicator for a social service organization might be number of clients assisted during the Key Performance Indicators are selected, they must reflect the organization's goals, they must be key to its success,and they must be quantifiable (measurable). Key Performance Indicators usually are long-term considerations. The definition of what they are and how they are measured do not change often. The goals for a particular Key Performance Indicator may change as the organization's goals change, or as it gets closer to achieving a Performance Indicators Reflect The Organizational GoalsAn organization that has as one of its goals "to be the most profitable company in our industry" will have Key Performance Indicators that measure profit and related fiscal measures. "Pre-tax Profit" and "Shareholder Equity" will be among them. However, "Percent of Profit Contributed to Community Causes" probably will not be one of its Key Performance Indicators. On the other hand, a school is not concerned with making a profit, so its Key Performance Indicators will be different. KPIs like "Graduation Rate" and "Success In Finding Employment After Graduation", though different, accurately reflect the schools mission and Performance Indicators Must Be QuantifiableIf a Key Performance Indicator is going to be of any value, there must be a way to accurately define and measure it. "Generate More Repeat Customers" is useless as a KPI without some way to distinguish between new and repeat customers. "Be The Most Popular Company" won't work as a KPI because there is no way to measure the company's popularity or compare it to is also important to define the Key Performance Indicators and stay with the same definition from year to year. For a KPI of "Increase Sales", you need to address considerations like whether to measure by units sold or by dollar value of sales. Will returns be deducted from sales in the month of the sale or the month of the return? Will sales be recorded for the KPI at list price or at the actual sales price?You also need to set targets for each Key Performance Indicator. A company goal to be the employer of choice might include a KPI of "Turnover Rate". After the Key Performance Indicator has been defined as "the number of voluntary resignations and terminations for performance, divided by the total number of employees at the beginning of the period" and a way to measure it has been set up by collecting the information in an HRIS, the target has to be established. "Reduce turnover by five percent per year" is a clear target that everyone will understand and be able to take specific action to Performance Indicators Must be Key To Organizational SuccessMany things are measurable. That does not make them key to the organization's success. In selecting Key Performance Indicators, it is critical to limit them to those factors that are essential to the organization reaching its goals. It is also important to keep the number of Key Performance Indicators small just to keep everyone's attention focused on achieving the same is not to say, for instance, that a company will have only three or four total KPIs in total. Rather there will be three or four Key Performance Indicators for the company and all the units within it will have three, four, or five KPIs that support the overall company goals and can be "rolled up" into a company Key Performance Indicator is "Increased Customer Satisfaction", that KPI will be focused differently in different Manufacturing Department may have a KPI of "Number of Units Rejected by Quality Inspection", while the Sales Department has a KPI of "Minutes A Customer Is On Hold Before A Sales Rep Answers". Success by the Sales and Manufacturing Departments in meeting their respective departmental Key Performance Indicators will help the company meet its overall Key Performance Indicators vs. BadBad:• Title of KPI: Increase Sales• Defined: Change in Sales volume from month to month• Measured: Total of Sales By Region for all region• Target: Increase each monthWhat's missing? Does this measure increases in sales volume by dollars or units? If by dollars, does it measure list price or sales price? Are returns considered and if so do the appear as an adjustment to the KPI for the month of the sale or are they counted in the month the return happens? How do we make sure each sales office's volume numbers are counted in one region, . that none are skipped or double counted? How much, by percentage or dollars or units, do we want to increase sales volumes each month?(Note: Some of these questions may be answered by standard company procedures.)Good:• Title of KPI: Employee Turnover• Defined: The total of the number of employees who resign for whatever reason, plus the number of employees terminated for performance reasons, and that total divided by the number of employees at the beginning of the year. Employees lost due to Reductions in Force (RIF) will not be included in this calculation.• Measured: The HRIS contains records of each employee. The separation section lists reason and date of separation for each employee. Monthly, or when requested by the SVP, the HRIS group will query the database and provide Department Heads with Turnover Reports. HRIS will post graphs of each report on the Intranet.• Target: Reduce Employee Turnover by 5% per Do I Do With Key Performance Indicators?Once you have good Key Performance Indicators defined, ones that reflect your organization's goals, one that you can measure, what do you do with them? You use Key Performance Indicators as a performance management tool, but also as a carrot. KPIs give everyone in the organization a clear picture of what is important, of what they need to make happen. You use that to manage performance. You make sure that everything the people in your organization do is focused on meeting or exceeding those Key Performance Indicators. You also use the KPIs as a carrot. Post the KPIs everywhere: in the lunch room, on the walls of every conference room, on the company intranet, even on the company web site for some of them. Show what the target for each KPI is and show the progress toward that target for each of them. People will be motivated to reach those KPI targets.关键绩效指标(KPI)组织如何针对其目标界定和衡量业绩关键绩效指标(KPI)，也称作关键成功指标(KSI)，可以帮助组织针对其目标界定和衡量业绩。一旦组织分析了它的使命，使其所有股东达成一致，并确定了它的目标，它就需要一种测量针对那些目标的工作业绩的方法。关键绩效指标就是一种测量工具。什么是关键绩效指标(KPI)关键绩效指标是量化测量工具，它能映射出组织的关键成功因素。关键绩效指标区别于不同的组织。一个企业可能会把老客户收入百分比当作它的一个关键绩效指标。一个学校可能会把关键绩效指标集中在学生的毕业率上。客服部门可能分担整个公司指标中的一个作为关键绩效指标，即第一时间客户回应率。社会服务机构的一个关键绩效指标可能会是一年当中帮助的委托人的数量。无论选择什么关键绩效指标，他们都必须放映组织目标，必须是组织成功的关键坐在，必须是可量化的(可测量的)。关键绩效指标通常是长期考虑的。它们的界定和测量方式是不经常更改的。关键绩效指标的目标随着组织目标的改变或更加靠近成功而改变。关键绩效指标反映组织目标如果组织有一个目标是成为本行业最有利可图的公司，那么他会设定关键绩效指标来测量利润和其他财务指标。“税前利润”和“所有者权益”就在其中。而“对社会事业的利润贡献百分比”则可能刨除在外。另一方面，一个学校与创造利润无关，因此它的关键绩效指标会有所不同。但是尽管不同，像“毕业率”和“就业率”这样的指标也可以精确的放映学校的使命和目标。关键绩效指标必须可量化要想使关键绩效指标有什么价值，就必须用一种方式来定义和衡量它。作为关键绩效指标，“营造更多的回头客”将会变得毫无价值，如果不能却分老客户和新客户的话。“成为最受欢迎的公司”不能作为关键绩效指标，因为没有方法能测量公司的名望或与其他公司比较。界定关键绩效指标并连年坚持也是非常重要的。对于“增加销售业绩”这个指标，你需要考虑采用销售量还是销售额来衡量。回扣从当月销售额中扣除还是从当月回扣中扣除？销售额将会以标价记录还是以售价记录？你还需要为每个关键绩效指标设定目标。一个雇主选择的公司目标可能包含“雇佣率”这样一个关键绩效指标。在它的背后市这样的定义：由于绩效自动辞职和结束工作的人数除以期初雇佣的工人总数，还有通过人力资源信息系统收集的信息建立起来的测量它的方法。，目标就建立起来了。“雇佣率每年降低5%”这样一个清晰的目标可以让每一个人都明白并且能够采取专门行动去实现它。关键绩效指标必须是组织成功的关键所在许多事情是可测的，但那并不使它们成为组织成功的关键所在。在筛选关键绩效指标时，将它们限制在对组织实现目标必要的因素上是非常关键的。将关键绩效指标的数量控制的较小也是非常重要的，这就像使每个人的注意力都集中在同样的关键绩效指标上。那并不是说，例如，一个公司总共只要三四个关键绩效指标。宁可公司有三四个关键绩效指标，其中的部门有三五个指标支持整个公司目标并且能够与他们紧密相关。如果公司关键绩效指标是“增加顾客满意率”，这将使不同的部门关注于不同的的方面。制造部门可能将“产品合格率”作为关键绩效指标，而销售部门则可能是“销售回应钱的客户等待时间”。销售和制造部门各自的部门关键绩效指标的成功将会帮助企业实现其整体关键绩效指标。优劣关键绩效指标的对比差的:• 指标名称：增加销售业绩• 定义：逐月增加销售量• 测量：所有地区向售量的加总• 目标：每月增加缺少了什么？增加销售业绩用销售量来衡量还是销售额？如果通过销售额来衡量，那是用标价纪录的价格来衡量还是用售价来衡量？考虑回扣吗？如果考虑，它们会作为当月关键绩效指标的调整还是计入发生折扣的月份？我们如何确保每个销售办事处的业绩在同一地区计算，每于一个被落掉或者重复计算？不管用何种标准衡量，我们希望销售业绩每个月增加百分之多少？(注：其中的一些问题可能会在标准的公司工作流程中回答。)好的:• 指标名称： 雇员雇佣率• 定义：无论何故辞职的雇员总数加因为绩效表现方面的原因而被解雇的雇员总数除以年初雇员总数。权力衰减导致的员工流失不计入其中。• 测量：人力资源信息系统包含每个员工的纪录。离职科会纪录每个员工离职的原因和日期。每个月，或者当被特别重要的人物询问时，人力资源信息系统小组将查询数据库冰箱部门主管提供离职报告。人力资源信息系统会将每份报告的图表发到内联网上。• 目标：雇员雇佣率每年降低5％关于关键绩效指标我做了什么？一旦你确立了好的关键绩效指标，能够反映组织目标，并且能够测量，那么你将用它们做些什么？关键技校指标不仅是一种绩效管理工具，也是一种鲜明的暗示。关键绩效指标展示给组织里的每个人一个清晰的画面，让他们知道什么事情是重要的，什么事情需要做。你是用它们去管理绩效，确保组织成员做的每件事情都集中在实现关键绩效指标上。你还要把他们当成一种鲜明的暗示。把他们放到每一个角落，餐厅里，每个会议室的墙上，公司内联网上，甚至在公司网页上。标明每个关键绩效指标的目标是什么还有针对目标所做出的成绩，这会激励人们努力达到那些目标。
绩效考核的论文参考文献有哪些绩效考核能够有效提升员工的积极性，所以大部分的企业都会实行绩效考核制度。下面为您精心推荐了绩效考核的管理论文参考文献，希望对您有所帮助。绩效考核的论文参考文献:化工企业绩效考核管理模式探讨 [1]田伟.绩效考核、晋升激励与中国经济社会非均衡发展[J].统计与决策，2012，(01).[2]张毅斌中小企业绩效考核在人力资源管理中的问题与对策研究[J].现代工业经济和信息化，2011，(10).[3]孔玉生,童珍.绩效考核指标与组织目标一致性研究[J].财会通讯，2011，(11).[4]夏恩君,霍海涛,孙兰.浅析绩效考核在企业人力资源管理中的应用[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版)，2006，(05).[5]房艳君,贺亮.如何使360度绩效考核制度更有效[J].商业经济，2006，(10).绩效考核的论文参考文献:财务人员绩效考核分析 [1]周晓玲.基于绩效管理视角的财务人员绩效考核分析[J].财经界(学术版),2015(13):294.