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毕业论文答辩结束语
毕业论文答辩结束语，时间过得很快，转眼间又到了毕业季，积极有很多学子走进职场，在毕业前大家都要通过最后的毕业论文来检验自己的学习成果，为了方便大家，下面我就来分享一下毕业论文答辩结束语。
结束语
在做这个设计的过程中，我尽可能多的收集资料，从中学到了许多有用的东西，也积累了不少经验，但由于自己学识浅薄，认识能力不足，在理解上有诸多偏颇和浅薄的地方；也由于理论功底的薄弱，存有不少逻辑不畅和辞不达意的问题；加之时间紧迫和自己的粗心，与老师的期望相差较远，许多问题还有待于进一步思考和探索，借此答辩机会，万分恳切的希望各位老师能够提出宝贵的意见，多指出这篇论文的错误和不足之处，我将虚心接受，从而进一步深入学习研究，使该设计得到完善和提高。我的介绍完了，谢谢！请各位老师提问。
结束语
结合所学过的知识、透过查阅参考资料初步设计，再交指导老师审查审查透过后，利用xx等完成设计任务及其他资料的编写。最后，我想谈谈这篇论文及自己存在的不足。由于自己学识浅薄，认识潜力不做，对某些问题的理解上有诸多偏颇和浅薄的'地方也由于理论功底的薄弱，存在有不少逻辑不畅和词不达意的地方，许多问题还有待于进一步思考和探讨。借此答辩机会恳切的期望各位老师能够提出宝贵的意见，多指出本设计的错误和不足指出，我讲虚心理解，从而进一步深入学习研究，使该设计得到完善和提高。以上是我的答辩自述，敬请各位评委老师提出宝贵的意见，谢谢！
结束语
最后，我想谈谈这篇论文和系统存在的不足。
这篇论文的写作以及系统开发的过程，也是我越来越认识到自己知识与经验缺乏的过程。虽然，我尽可能地收集材料，竭尽所能运用自己所学的知识进行论文写作和系统开发，但论文还是存在许多不足之处，系统功能并不完备，有待改进。请各位评委老师多批评指正，让我在今后的学习之中学到更多。
谢谢！
在毕业论文答辩过程之中必然涉及到人称使用问题，我建议尽量多地使用第一人称，如“我”“我们”即使论文之中的材料是引用他人的，用“我们引用”了哪儿哪儿的数据或材料，特别是毕业论文大多是称自己作的，所以要更多使用而且是果断地、大胆地使用第一人称“我”和“我们”。如果是这样，会使人有这样的印象：东西是你的，工作做了不少！
我想谈谈这篇论文存在的不足：限于各种条件的制约，使得本论文对如何改善“空巢老人”的生活状况探索不够深入，还需要继续进行思考和探索。
最后，再次感谢X老师在我的毕业论文写作过程之中所给与的悉心帮助与指导；其次我要感谢各位专业老师在这两年来我的教育与培养，使我初步掌握了行政管理专业的基本知识，还要感谢本专业同学对我的关心与支持，和你们生活在一起的日子非常快乐！也非常难忘！
恳请各位老师、同学们进行批评指正。谢谢大家！
1、感谢答辩委员会各位老师和答辩同学给我这个机会，让我有机会向各位老师学到了很多知识。2、感谢各位答辩老师的提问，使我能够对我的毕业论文有了更深刻的认识，也让我对以后的学习和工作有了一个新的开始。3、感谢答辩委员会给了我们一个相互交流的机会，使我们能够互相了解，互相学习，互相帮助。谢大家！4、感谢答辩委员会的老师们，是您们的辛苦工作才使我们的论文更加完善。谢大家！谢各位！谢大家！5、感谢答辩委员会各位老师的辛苦工作，感谢答辩委员会的各位同学的配合。谢大家！谢各位！6、感谢答辩委员会的各位同学，是你们的辛苦工作才使我们的论文更加完善，谢大家！谢各位！
第一开门见山法。“各位评委老师，你们好，我是5号答辩学生，我今天答辩的题目是……”
这就是一种答辩的方式，这种答辩的方式省去了一些拐弯抹角的说辞，让评委老师听起来很舒服。
第二直奔主题法。“各位评委老师好，下面我开始答辩，请大家批评指正”。这也是一种答辩的开场白，这种开场白比第一种开场白更加的简洁明了。
因为我们在答辩的时候还会制作PPT来进行展示，所以你在PPT上已经有了的一些内容，就完全没有必要再重复去说一遍了，甚至连你的姓名，你的答辩的题目都不用说了。
第三表达感谢法。“尊敬的各位评委老师，大家辛苦了，我是今天最后一位答辩的学生，感谢你们给我这次答辩的机会，考虑到各位评委老师都比较辛苦，我简要向大家介绍我的论文”。
第四不按常理出牌法。
不按常理出牌呢顾名思义就是不按一般人的套路来进行答辩，一般大家都是按照写作依据、主要论点、创新点和不足这几个方面来进行答辩。
那么有的人他就会另辟蹊径，就只讲自己的论文创新点，然后一上来就开始说创新点。
毕业答辩的结束语，简单一两句话总结后就直接表示感谢后结束，不拖泥带水
毕业答辩最后的结束语，就只有最简单的3句话：
第一句：用一句话总结一下你的毕业论文或毕业设计的结论。
第二句：明确告诉大家，答辩陈述结束。“我的毕业论文答辩陈述就到这里，感谢聆听，也感谢某某导师对我的指导”。
第三句：下面欢迎各位老师对我进行提问。
国际贸易实务课程是国际贸易专业的主干课程,其教学目的是提高对学生实践能力的培养。下面是我为大家整理的国际贸易专业 毕业 论文，供大家参考。
摘要：随着社会的发展，我国的科学水平和经济水平都在不断提高，商业发展速度也在不断加快。电子商务迅速崛起对国际贸易也产生了较大的影响，电子商务深化了国际间的分工，同时也使洽谈方式、国际贸易的合同制定以及合同履行方式等多个方面发生了改变。与此同时，国际贸易的信息传递速度不断加快，而国际贸易的交易成本却在不断下降。
关键词：电子商务环境;国际贸易;创新策略
20世纪90年代以来，我国的信息技术得到了巨大的发展，与此同时，电子商务得到了迅速发展，市场经济的现有格局也得到了改变，网络贸易在国际贸易当中得到了巨大的应用，改变了国际贸易的运作方式，促进了国际贸易的发展。我国当前的经济体制正是处在电子商务这个大环境下，为了适应这个大环境，我国有关部门应该积极研究、制定与电子商务相关的法律法规文件，积极主动地参与国际交流和国际合作活动;采取 措施 促进电子支付体系的不断完善，为物流系统的现代化和信息化建设奠定基础，还应加快信息基础设施建设速度，积极进行电子商务关键技术的研究与开发。另外，外贸企业应该积极采取措施将电子商务运用水平不均、利用程度不大的情况进行改善，并在进行国际贸易时充分发挥电子商务的优势。
1电子商务概述
电子商务作为一种新型的商务模式正在全球范围内得到了推广，并且在人们的生活当中得到了体现，世界各国、各个学者对电子商务的概念都有不同的理解，并且也给出了不同的表述。根据调查，目前的电子商务主要有EDI形式、Internet形式以及Intranet形式等三种实现方式。根据电子商务交易对象的不同，可以把电视商务分为3个不同的层次：(1)消费者和企业之间的电子商务层次;(2)企业之间的电子商务层次;(3)企业内部的电子商务层次。根据调查，EOI和IC已经成为部分发达国家电子商务的主导方式。
2国际贸易中应用电子商务的作用
便于物色贸易伙伴
外贸企业为了自己的发展往往会进行国际贸易业务，这时就需要选择合适的贸易伙伴，电子商务的发展能够为外贸企业在选择贸易伙伴时提供便利。成本低是电子商务的主要优势之一，外贸企业可以通过电子商务来选择贸易伙伴，成本较传统方式有了一定的缩减，并且电子商务基本不受时间和空间的限制，这就能够在一定程度上大大增加信息的顺畅性，进而使贸易交流的效率大大增加。
便于进行商务洽谈
贸易咨询和贸易洽谈是开展国际贸易业务的基础，传统的商务洽谈活动需要双方选择某一地点进行，这种方式在很大程度上受到时间和地点的限制，并且沟通的成本较高，而贸易双方进行电子商务时，可以通过电子邮件等较为简便的方式进行沟通，这就极大地降低了商务洽谈的成本，提高了洽谈效率。
便于开展国际贸易订购和支付
在当今电子商务流行的大环境下，卖方可以在法律允许的范围内自由进行供求信息的发布，购买方也可以在互联网上自由查找商家的信息，一旦购买者发现了适合的购买物品就可以通过网上支付的手段与商家进行订购互动，极大地简化了商品交易环节，为交易活动的顺利进行提供了保证。
3电子商务背景下国际贸易的创新方式
能够加强跨国公司全球化生产格局
首先，跨国公司发展电子商务能够在一定程度上简化生产材料的采购工作，并且能够使工作人员合理调度公司生产所需的资本和工作人员，能够充分发挥跨国公司在生产技能、生产资源以及生产工作人员等多个方面发挥自己的优势，能够保证跨国公司国际分工的有效进行。跨国公司也可以通过电子商务的形式来根据订单的具体情况来进行产品生产的组织，尽可能将产品的库存降低，从而积极开展跨国公司的生产布局。其次，电子商务在发展过程中就应明确跨国公司的分工情况，使公司能够进行更加细致的分工工作，使国际间的产品流动速度大大增加，为国际贸易活动的开展奠定基础。企业开展电子商务时在某种程度上也能够推动电子协作方面的发展。电子商务的时间和空间限制较少，企业之间仅仅通过互联网就能够完成合作交流活动，进而推动国际贸易的发展。
创新国际贸易的准备工作
在传统的国际贸易方式下，工作人员必须在前期进行市场调研工作，及时发布商品进出口信息，并且积极进行国际市场调研情况分析工作，对国际贸易的可行性进行分析，并且利用专业的知识来制定相关的国际贸易计划。在电子商务环境下，企业可借助于互联网技术来实现市场环境的分析工作，能够对市场的动向以及客户的具体情况进行有效掌握，电子商务较传统方式的投入时间较少，并且具有较高的工作效率。
创新贸易形式
电子商务已经成为我国经济的大环境，为了适应时代的发展，谋求自己企业的长期健康发展，国际贸易企业就必须及时进行思路的转变，应该敢于进行贸易方式的创新工作，充分考虑电子商务给企业带来的优势，笔者认为主要应该从以下两个方面做好贸易形式的创新工作。首先，企业应该借助电子商务的优势来进行国家贸易环节的整合、改造，将不必要的贸易环节消除，为国际贸易工作的效率提供保证。其次，采取措施提高国际贸易当中电子商务的使用深度，积极进行国际交流与国际合作，以积极主动的姿态融入到经济全球化的经济趋势当中，在接触、融合的过程中积极寻求更多、更好的发展机遇。
宏观管理创新
国际贸易需要在不同国家的企业之间进行，这样的经济行为需要受到多个国家法律和政策的限制，这就要求 企业管理 者应具有更高的管理水平，电子商务发展水平不断提高，并且给国际贸易管理方式带来了巨大的冲击，为了保证国际贸易的工作质量，工作人员应该采取措施进行宏观管理，笔者认为主要应该从以下几个方面做好宏观管理创新工作：首先应该采取措施积极发挥电子商务在国际贸易管理工作中的优势，保证企业的国际贸易管理信息具有一定的公开性和透明性，为国际贸易的良好环境打下基础。其次，应该采取措施改革创新招标工作，可以通过采用电子招标的形式达到该目的，企业为了适应国际贸易秩序，就应该采取措施不断提高配额使用率，以防止由于外交问题给企业带来的负面影响。
创新营销方式
电子商务给国际贸易带来的冲击在 市场营销 方面表现尤为突出，这也是传统贸易方式和电子商务在影响方式方面存在的区别，电子商务在国际贸易影响方式的创新工作主要表现在以下几个方面。
(1)创新营销理念
工作人员在开展国际贸易营销活动时，应该采取专业措施进行整合营销、定向营销以及线上线下互动营销等多种营销理念，并且在实际工作当中积极使用这些营销方式。
(2)创新营销方式
在电子商务环境下，国际贸易工作人员应该采取措施积极发挥网络在营销工作当中的作用，并且积极使用多种现代化多媒体手段对自己企业的产品进行宣传推广，在营销过程中，企业应该采取措施不断推动自己和客户之间的沟通互动，甚至还可以和竞争对手进行互动，通过使用互动的方式来让更多人参与到营销活动当中，为客户提供更加优质的服务，以保证客户能够进行更加完美的购物体验。
(3)创新运输方式
在电子商务环境下，国际贸易活动越来越繁荣、频繁，这也对运输方式提出了更高的要求，传统的运输方式已经不能适应电子商务环境下国际贸易的要求，在今后的国际贸易发展过程中，工作人员应该采用专业措施不断进行运输方式和物流体系的改革、创新，通过形成完整的运输体系来保证仓储、交通和物流等多个环节支架的密切联系，这样才能使其在电子商务环境下得到更好的发展。互联网一体化是当今电子商务环境下国际贸易的主要管理方式，使用互联网进行管理能够提高运输工作的效率，降低库存成本。但在后期国际贸易的发展过程中，仍然需要工作人员不断采取措施改革、创新运输方式，主要应该着手做好物流运输速度和效率的提高工作，为产品及时、安全地送到客户手中奠定基础。
实行电子招标进行出口商品配额
我们所说的电子招标就是使用现代电子信息技术来进行招标采购活动，要不断促进招标采购活动的规范化，为招标采购工作的科学性和专业性提供保证，进而促进国民经济的健康发展。2001年我国加入WTO，我国商务部为了应对此项活动带来的冲击，积极采取措施开发建立了中国国际招标网，中国国际招标网的建立标志着我国招标投标事业取得了巨大的进步，同时也在一定程度上促进了国际贸易行业的发展。进行电子招标能够实现帮助中国外经贸管理机关及时确定企业投标资格，工作人员可以及时检查、跟踪、反馈、调整招标商品的使用配额情况。投资企业每个月都可以通过该网络向各地外经贸委发送配额情况文件，外经贸委再将每个月的配额情况进行汇总向外经贸部进行汇报。这就实现了外经贸管理机关的动态管理机制，进而解决了配额使用率不高、浪费的问题，有关部门还可以通过网上调查的方式对企业的各种行为进行调查，一经发现企业有违规行为就可以采用标准流程将企业的投标资格取消，为招投标活动做好技术支持，不断提高配额使用率，增加商品卖价和出口额，规范贸易秩序，净化经营环境，这就需要相关部门不断扩大电子招标的范围。
实现许可证网上申请发放
随着科学技术的进步，我国的互联网技术越来越成熟，为了实现进出口许可证申请和发放工作的网络化，我国有关部门在2002年设置了新的进出口许可证管理系统，能够实现许可证网上发放的效果，并且有关部门决定从2003年1月1日起正式在全国范围内使用网上申领许可证系统，该系统借助于 网络技术 连接各级配额管理机关、许可证发放单位以及海关、企业等多个部门，全面监管进出口配额分配、进出口许可证的网上申请、发放以及海关的核查等多项国际贸易环节，在全国范围内形成全国进出口配额许可证管理闭合网络。通过许可证网上申请发放工作的实现能够减少各种不必要的环节，从而节省了办事时间，提高了办事效率。
海关管理中电子商务的运用
我国的海关总署从1998年9月1日开始就借助于中国电信公众多媒体网实现联网审查功能，该网络涉及到全国各个外汇管理部门以及外汇指定银行，涉及范围广，不再需要手工进行报关单的二次核对工作，在海关管理当中应用电子商务能够在提高管理效率的同时促进企业实现进出口业务，为企业提供了极大便利，还能够有效防止企业出现逃税现象。
进出口检查工作中电子商务的应用
在国际贸易活动中进出口检查工作发挥着日益重要的作用，该工作密切联系着外贸经营单位、运输部门、银行、 保险 、出口商品生产企业以及其他检验机构等多个公司和部门，进出口检查工作中会频繁进行证件交换、传统行为。根据调查，我国目前已经实现了在商检业务上报验、检验出证方面的计算机管理工作，笔者认为，我国以后的电子商务在商检方面应该主要从以下两个方向进行：着重进行商检证书的报验和签发工作;实现进出口货物流向的信息传递工作。
4电子商务下的国际贸易运行机制创新
近几年科学技术水平的提高为电子商务的开展提供了技术条件，在此背景下，网上虚拟市场正在以其独特的优势取代传统的国际贸易运行机制，这将促进以信息网络为纽带的世界经济一体化进程，而电子商务的开展必将促进国际贸易的创新工作。
电子公司，新型的企业组织形式
在此环境下，电子公司能够实现互联网和企业经营的有机结合，企业可以通过互联网进入市场，并且使用网上交流的方式进行业务交谈，国际贸易企业可以通过自己的电子公司来获取商业情报，与自己的客户进行动态、实时交流，促进国际贸易效率的提高。电子公司在生产和发展过程中都会对国际贸易管理组织的改革活动产生影响，同时能够迅速造成全球经营活动的变化。
促使国际贸易管理组织进行改革和创新
在传统的国际贸易活动中，人工发挥着重要作用，如各个部门的工作情况、财务和物资情况等，但如若有误差出现，就会使企业领导人员很难准确地掌握公司各项活动的准确数据，这就会对领导人员和其他公司进行业务洽谈时造成困难。而通过使用电子商务，企业内部数据可以自动进行准确汇总，这些汇总数据都会在公司内部的数据库中体现，为企业领导层做出决策提供帮助。
5国际贸易当中电子商务的应用情况
国际贸易领域当中应用EDI是在国际贸易电子商务环境下创新的最初形式，进行国家贸易的企业之间可以借助互联网来进行商业文件的传递，并且按照标准的电子数据格式来完成数据传输交换工作。电子商务的应用能够将运行体系的数据流通时间降到最低，并且在某种程度上能够消除空间障碍。EDI在外贸出口单证传输方面发挥着重要作用，相对于传统的订货付款方式，电子商务能够降低企业的时间和投资费用。通常情况下，EDI都是使用封闭的专线网络，商业条件较好，能够为企业的安全__提供保证。
6结语
电子商务的广泛应用必将引起国际贸易的创新革命，在这场创新革命当中，从贸易的前期准备、贸易协商以及合同订立、合同执行等多个过程都会得到一定创新，这些活动都是由于电子商务给广大企业带来了巨大利益造成的。但是电子商务给国际贸易带来机遇的同时也带来了巨大的挑战，国际贸易企业应该采取措施进行相关工作，使自己能够在电子商务环境下赢得主动，从而得到持久健康的发展。
参考文献
[1]李双.基于电子商务环境下的国际贸易创新研究[J].现代经济信息,2014(02).
[2]黄昊.电子商务下的国际贸易创新策略研究[J].经营管理者,2014(12).
[3]丁超.电子商务环境下国际贸易创新发展探讨[J].现代商贸工业,2010(06).
[4]丁超.探讨电子商务环境下国际贸易创新的发展[J].商场现代化,2010(10).
[5]李思佳,田海霞.基于电子商务环境下的国际贸易创新研究[J].商场现代化,2015(12).
[6]张学伦.浅析电子商务环境下国际贸易创新策略[J].中国市场,2016(15).
[摘要]经济全球化加快了国际间的贸易合作，带动了国际贸易物流业的发展壮大。物流公司不断创新自己来提升自己的服务水平及质量来增强竞争力，但这样也导致各种风险的存在，阻碍了物流公司的健康发展。因此本文分析我国国际贸易物流存在的风险，并提出有效的风险规避措施。
[关键词]风险管理;国际贸易物流;创新应用
1国际贸易物流
国际贸易物流的涵义
国际贸易物流通俗来说就是国与国之间进行国际化商品及服务的流通交易，主要包括进口贸易和出口贸易两项，因此也被称为进出口贸易。
国际贸易物流的基本特征
一是高运输能力。国际贸易是跨国交易，涉及的区域比较广泛，国际物流是国际贸易交易的基本手段与保障，需要先进的技术及设备来保障进出口商品的安全，同时需要具备高运输能力来加快商品的周转，不断提升国际物流服务效率。二是高信息化。国际物流主要是通过国与国之间的密切合作与协调来顺利完成交易的。成本、费用的节约与控制及商品的安全运输是物流公司关注的重点问题，因此强大的信息系统及其信息透明度对于物流过程控制具有重要意义。三是高标准化。国际贸易物流涉及众多国家，而各个国家对物流制定的标准不一致，因此需要统一国际物流标准来进行商品的运输、仓储及配送。目前，国际上已经对集装箱和托盘的规格和条形码技术方面做了统一规定，这样一方面可以节约各物流公司的支出，另一方面可以提高国际贸易物流的整体运行效率，增强企业的国际竞争力。
2我国国际贸易物流存在的风险现状分析
物流成本风险
商品在运输过程中的安全与成本一直就是物流企业的重要组成部分。可以说物流成本越高，物流公司存在的风险就越高。据有关部门统计，我国现在的一般工业商品的物流费约占商品总售价的50%，蔬菜及水果等农副产品的物流费约占总售价的70%。企业的物流风险体系的控制效果与企业的盈利是紧密相连的，成本越高，风险越高，盈利就越少。因此，只有大幅度降低我国的贸易物流运营成本，才能不断提升我国物流企业的国际竞争力。
费用控制风险
国际物流成本主要包括库存成本和运输成本。库存成本主要涉及商品的库存、保管等，具体有仓储、保险、货物的损坏、税收及库存商品占用的资金成本。运输成本主要包括运输费用和货主费用。运输费用主要是公路、铁路、空运、海运等方式产生的费用，货主费用主要指在商品运输过程中的处理及装卸费用。费用的获取是否及时、资金的收回是否及时等问题都会对企业造成潜在风险。这些费用的支付程序、谈判细节都会直接影响物流成本，进而影响企业的发展状况。
服务落后风险
服务质量与信誉是物流企业生存的根本保证，如果服务满足不了使用者的要求，企业会大大受损。第一，面对信息技术的高速发展，很多发达国家使用高级物流技术，而我国普遍还停留在POS机和条形码技术。第二，一些商家在国际贸易中的经营理念落后于现代管理，没有做到与时俱进，没有将客户的利益作为根本出发点考虑。第三，我国目前的物流业还没有统一且透明的产业政策体系，存在合格人才较少，从业人员素质不高等问题。
3在风险管理下国际贸易物流的创新措施
加快我国国际物流基础设施建设
货物无法实现在其他国家的快速安全流动已成为国际贸易的最大“瓶颈”。因此，我国应加强对物流基础设施的建设，这是促进我国进行国际贸易与贸易物流发展的基本保障。首先，我国政府应加大对贸易物流的投资，积极引导与规划企业对物流基础设施的建设，尽快出台统一、透明的产业政策体系，加快与国际物流业接轨的步伐。其次，应加大产学研合作，充分利用科研院在物流方面的科研技术与成果，全面提高物流企业的技术、运营、管理与服务能力。最后，高素质的物流人才管理队伍是防范物流风险的关键要素，因此，企业只有不断加强对在职物流企业员工的培训，吸引并留住高级人才，才能促进国际物流健康快速发展。
加快我国国际物流的标准化、信息化发展
我国的国际贸易物流业跟不上国际的发展步伐，重要原因在于缺乏相应的技术标准。因此，必须与国际贸易物流企业的物流基础设施、技术装备、管理流程和信息网络技术进行统一的标准化设计，比如说射频识别技术大大提高了国际物流的效率。信息时代的到来促使现代国际物流业普遍采用信息网络化系统进行管理。比如说，将物流信息全部录入企业内部网络数据库，由信息网络管理系统对数据及时追踪、分析与协调，并通过互联网进行网上需求登记与支付，这样可以减少我国物流企业的风险。
加快电子商务技术的创新应用
国际贸易企业面对的客户分散于全球，需求也呈现多样性，这样就加大了物流成本的控制难度。因此传统的批量化与规模化商品特点已不能成为企业的重要竞争力，企业必须重塑价值取向，以提升企业的服务质量作为核心竞争力。现在企业普遍采用B2B、B2C的运营模式，因此物流企业应及时予以响应，重构业务流程，并根据订单要求，创新供应链管理，重点是做到减少订单处理和取货的时间，加快资金的回笼速度，提高工作效率。
4结语
信息时代的到来和网络的普及，加快了国际间的贸易合作，面对我国在国际贸易物流业发展中存在的问题，我们必须提高我国国际贸易的流通效率，最大程度降低物流企业的风险管理。
主要参考文献
[1]张艳.国际物流如何创新型推动我国国际贸易之发展[J]. 企业 文化 ,2015(2).
浅谈国际贸易专业毕业论文相关 文章 ：
1. 国际贸易专业毕业论文
2. 有关国际贸易专业毕业论文
3. 国际经济与贸易毕业论文
4. 国际贸易专业论文
5. 毕业论文——国际贸易
国际贸易主要是指不同的国家或地区之间所进行的劳务与商品的交换活动。下文是我为大家整理的关于国际贸易方面的论文的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!
论国际贸易惯例
一、引言
国际贸易惯例是指在国际贸易领域里经过长期反复实践而逐步形成的，得到各国普遍承认和实际运用的习惯做法和规则。国际贸易惯例具有“普遍承认”的特点说明其通用性，为世界各国或某一个区域、行业的厂商所熟知并共同遵守。从某种意义上讲，国际贸易惯例是一座桥梁，学会运用国际惯例，能消除国内外合作者之间的不必要的误会，能在争议中找到共同的协商点。随着中国加入WTO，对外贸易的发展及其工作的正常化，国际贸易惯例的运用将越来越突出，因此加强对国际贸易惯例的理解和认识十分重要。
二、国际贸易惯例的表现形式
一般来说，国际贸易惯例是“不成文”的，却又为人所知并广泛采用的国际商业习惯做法。但是，为了促进国际贸易的发展，一些国际组织将实践中反复使用，业已证明行之有效的不成文惯例加以规范性的认定、完善和解释，编纂成文。这样，在当代国际贸易活动中起着重要作用的惯例，几乎全都是成文的了。概括起来主要包括以下几种形式：
1.国际经济组织收集编纂、制订的国际贸易统一条件，如国际商会《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》以及《1994年跟单信用证统一惯例》等。这方面的内容是惯例成文化的表现，其目的是统一惯例的含义，克服因对惯例解释的不统一所带来的适用上的困难，但并非严格意义上的成文国际法。
2.国际经济组织制订的提供给当事人选用的标准合同。
3.一般交易条件。它一般是在没有交易的统一条件又没有标准合同的情况下，由当事人协商选定的，即当事人发出要约或签订合同时，在报价单、价目表或合同上记载的交易条件，一经对方当事人认可，即为有效。
4.在某些行业中长期流行的惯例。如“纺织品一经开剪即不考虑赔偿”的原则，是国际纺织品贸易的一项惯例。
5.特定贸易方式下形成的一些习惯性做法。如拍卖中的“击槌成交方式”。
6.港口、码头惯例。世界主要港口在装运货物等方面都有自己的惯例，如果当事人在协商中未对有关风险、费用和责任等作出规定，一般按其相关港口、码头惯例处理。
7.国际商事仲裁机构作出的典型仲裁裁决案例。
三、国际贸易惯例的法律效力
严格地说，国际贸易惯例并不是法律，但它具有准法律的性质。国际贸易惯例对当事人并不当然地产生法律约束力，除极少数的惯例具有强制性外，绝大多数是任意性的，但它们在下列情况下产生法律约束力：
1.通过合同或协议约定按某项国际惯例办事。在当事人之间，如果事先约定按某项国际惯例行事，且在双方合同或协议中明确规定，那么该项国际惯例将对当事人各方产生法律效力，具有强制性。但这种约束力并不是来自国际惯例本身，而是来自双方当事人的约定，来自于“约定必须遵守”的原则。例如：在一张来自于国外开来的信用证中已注明：除本信用证另有规定外，本信用证按国际商会《跟单信用证统一惯例》(UCP500)办理。如果受益人对此没有异议，这张信用证的所有各方当事人，包括开证申请人、开证行、受益人、通知行、付款行等各方的权利、义务，均受UCP500惯例的约束。
2.司法或仲裁实践中引用国际贸易惯例。这是国际上比较普遍的做法，如果当事人对某一问题没有在合同中作出明确规定，也未注明适用某一项国际惯例，在合同的执行中发生争议时，受理该争议的司法机构或仲裁机构也往往会引用某一国际贸易惯例进行判决或裁决。如果此项判决或裁决是终局的，那么，被引用的国际惯例对当事人具有法律约束力，这种约束力也不是来自于国际惯例本身，而是来自于判决或裁决。
3.国内法、公约或条约中准用国际惯例。如果某项国际惯例已被吸收进当事人所在国家的法律或当事人所在国参加的国际公约或条约中，则此项国际贸易惯例对当事人产生约束力。中国的许多立法均明确规定了国际惯例可以予以适用，如：我国民法通则第124条第3款规定：“中华人民共和国法律和中华人民共和国缔结或参加的国际条约没有规定的，可以适用国际惯例 ”。
四、国际贸易惯例的适用方法
国际贸易惯例的适用方法，是指国际或国内的仲裁、司法机构适用国际贸易惯例处理争议的方法。适用国际贸易惯例具体有两种方法：
1.明示认定方法。依照该方法，判断惯例是否有效，关键在于看当事人的意思表示是否一致。 “双方当事人业已同意的任何惯例和他们之间确立的任何习惯做法， 对当事人均有约束力。”
2.默示推定方法。这种方法一般多使用于当事人有共同选择某一惯例的意向，但没有明确的意思表示的情况。“除非另有协议，双方当事人已知道或理应知道的惯例，而这种惯例，在国际贸易上，已为有关特定贸易所涉及同类合同的当事人所广泛知道并为他们所经常遵守。”它以推定的形式适用惯例，排除当事人争执。适用这种方法的惯例一般应具备这样两个条件：第一，该惯例在国际贸易上，已为有关特定贸易所涉及同类合同的当事人所广泛知道并为他们经常遵守;第二，这种惯例， 双方当事人已知道或理应知道，即从交易开始，双方当事人就应该知道某一惯例适用于他们之间的贸易。
五、结束语
国际贸易惯例是历史的产物，是在商品交换和国际贸易不断发展的过程中形成和发展起来的，并随着世界经济的发展“与时俱进”。第二次世界大战之后，随着国际贸易和现代科技的飞速发展，各国之间经济联系日益密切，越来越多的国家、经济组织接受并在经济贸易活动中大量采用国际贸易惯例。国际贸易惯例在不断总结实践经验的基础上也获得了新的发展，一些国际组织对原有的成文惯例进行了修订，与此同时又出现了许多国际贸易新的惯例。国际贸易惯例在实践中发挥着的指导、协调和简化手续的作用。我国在加入WTO以后，必须了解和熟悉各种国际经济全球化的游戏规则，包括国际贸易惯例。
浅谈如何在国际贸易中有效地进行风险转移
摘要：国际贸易的飞速发展除了带来巨大的收益以外也带来了各种风险，如何进行对风险时间的界定成为一项重要课题，怎样有效地进行风险转移也引起了各国的关注，本文从风险转移的概念、发展过程和风险时间的确定三方面论述了这一焦点性问题。
关键词：风险转移 风险时间 国际贸易
风险是独立于人类意识的客观存在，任何事情都存在风险，国际贸易作为一项世界交易当然也不例外，面对风险我们不应该逃避，而是采取积极的行动降低风险，下面要探讨的是风险规避的一种方法，即风险转移。
一 、何谓风险转移
国际贸易主要是指不同的国家或地区之间所进行的劳务与商品的交换活动，因为距离的关系，无法做到一手交钱一手交货，那么在商品由卖方发往买方的过程中极有可能因人为因素或自然灾害产生货物毁坏或者丢失的意外，这就是国际贸易中的风险所在。又因国际贸易所涉及的利益是巨大的，那么商品发生意外所带来的巨额损失应该由哪一方承担便成了一个问题，因此出现了有关风险转移的课题，即风险所带来损失的责任承担的转移问题。因为这个问题确切的关系到双方利益，所以引起了各国的重视。
二 、风险转移在实践中经历的三个阶段
任何事情都需要一个发展的过程，在风险转移的问题上，各国在经历了两个不被接受的原则后终于找到了行之有效的第三种原则。
第一，以合同签订为根据进行风险转移。合同只要签订，不管货款是否到账，货物是否发出，风险已经转移，货物意外所带来的损失责任已经由卖方转移到买方，这样的原则忽视了保护买方的合法权益，而且容易使卖方过早丢掉风险包袱，不注意对货物的保管，以至于买方的利益受损，所以这种原则是不被各国接受的。
第二，以货物所有权的转移为根据进行风险转移。假如货物的所有权在卖方手里，那么风险理应卖方承担，所有权只要过渡给买方，风险随之转移给买方。这样的原则在之前的贸易中是可以接受的，但随着技术的发展，现在的货物所有权只是一种名义上的所有权，只是海运提单转移了但是货物的控制权还掌握在卖方手里，所以这种风险转移也已经过时了，国际贸易的发展速度已经远远不是这种原则可以应对的了。
第三，以交货时间为根据进行风险转移。这种风险转移原则很大程度上扯断了所有权转移和风险转移的联系，将这两个问题进行区分，所有权转移与否对风险转移没有直接影响，影响风险转移的是具体的交货时间。这样一来，货物属于哪一方管辖，哪一方就要尽力对货物进行保护，风险转移的时间则由货物备受保护的角度来决定的。这样无论买方还是卖方都会在自己对货物的管辖时间内尽自己所能保护货物，在公平公正的情况下也可以更好的对货物进行管理，降低货物的损失率，所以这个原则是国际上提倡的。
三 、有效的进行风险转移
我国现在对风险转移的确定是以交货时间为根据的，应该要明确风险转移有关于时间的规定，才能够有效的进行风险转移，风险转移时间的规定主要分为三个方面：
1.牵涉到运输的风险转移
国际商品贸易因为距离的关系肯定离不开运输这一重要环节，而绝大多数的风险就是发生在运输的过程当中。那么，如果贸易双方在合同上没有规定交货地点，则货物只要交到第一承运人手里，风险就由卖方转移到买方承担;如果双方规定了交货的特定地点，只有卖方在规定中的地点把货物交给第一承运人时，风险才发生转移，卖方应该保存货物处置权所的单据，虽然单据在卖方手里，但是货物所有权不再是决定风险转移的根据，此举并不影响风险由卖方向买方转移。
2.运输过程中的风险转移
路货买卖是指货物运输过程中的货物买卖，双方已经签订合同达成协议，但是货物因为在运输过程中，交易双方都不了解货物的真实情况，不知道货物是否安全，在运输过程中双方面临着相对较大的风险。在运输过程中，原则上风险已经转移给买方，但是假使路货买卖是凭借运输单据来交易的话，风险则是在把货物交给持有运输单据的人时进行转移。为了买方的利益着想，如果卖方故意隐瞒货物或将损坏的事实，那么这属于特殊情况，不以上述原则转移，货物的风险责任依然属于卖方。
3.与运输无关的风险转移
假如买方在卖方的所在地收货，自己安排运输，在承运人收到货物的那一刻起风险转移给买方，如果买方无理拒收，风险依旧转移。如果买方自己安排运输，但需要在卖方所在地之外的地点收获，货物完全交到承运人的手里风险开始转移，但如果在交货时间里在买方得知货物已到的情况下还没有收货，那么风险会自动转移给买方。
4.风险转移时间的缺点
虽然以交货时间为根据的转移方式得到多国的推崇，但是它也存在一些缺点。举个例子，在买方自己安排运输需要承运人的条件下，买方委托承运人前往卖方所在地或者指定货物所在地去接收货物，卖方将货物交给承运人时风险就转移给了买方而不是承运人。虽然承运人是买方委托的，属于买方的代理人，但是卖方一旦不控制货物无论货物处在谁的手里都将风险转移给买方也存在不公平的地方，因为当风险转移时，货物是处于承运人的控制下而非买方，买方并没有占有货物就承担了风险责任，相对而言还是对卖方有利，对买方不公平。
风险转移是为了更好的维护贸易双方的利益，促进国际贸易的发展，虽然以时间为根据的风险转移是大多数国家的标准，但是因为此原则还是有些缺点，所以在实际交易中，可以根据具体问题再加以协商。风险转移是为了国际贸易的顺利进行，所以在签订合同时，最好是将一切问题都摊开来谈，使双方都满意，避免在交易过程中遇到问题引发纠纷，这样对双方都没有益处，有效的风险转移原则在一定程度上有利于国际贸易的发展。
参考文献：
[1]郭寿康、韩立余.国际贸易法[M]北京：中国人民大学出版社.2002.
[2]吴志忠.论国际货物买卖中的风险转移[J]湖北：中南财经政法大学学报.2002.
英语毕业的论文答辩稿（精选6篇）
毕业论文答辩是一种有组织、有准备、有计划、有鉴定的比较正规的审查论文的重要形式。为了搞好毕业论文答辩，在举行答辩会前，校方、答辩委员会、答辩者（撰写毕业论文的作者）三方都要作好充分的准备。下面是我整理的英语毕业的论文答辩稿（精选6篇），欢迎大家分享。
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is . With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !
晚上好，所有的评估委员会成员。我来自HUST，主修外国语言学和应用语言学。我是xxx，我的主管是教授。 xxx。凭着她的真诚和智慧的指导，近一年的辛苦工作，我已经完成了我的论文。最后，这是展示时间。今天晚上，我将向大家致以衷心的感谢，我衷心地欢迎您的加入。
我的论文的标题是哥特式风格的研究
我希望通过研究这个短小的故事，我们可以在某些历史和文化中更多地描述美国南方妇女，更多地要求帮助现代社会的妇女对自己有一个广泛的了解，帮助我们提高我的独立性和信心，并更多地关注我们的心理健康该
接下来，我将向您介绍。这是我演讲的大纲。他们是文学评论，哥特式传统，哥特式风格的故事和哥特风格的原因。
本文由六部分组成。第一部分提出了作者威廉·福克纳(William Faulkner)和艾米莉·艾丝丽(A Rose)的作者，指出了这项研究的目的.和意义。第二部分是文献综述，对国内外这本小说进行了相关研究，并指出了理论依据和方法。第三部分给出了小说中哥特式传统的时间表，即死亡主题，独特的人物和神秘的气氛。部分原因，详细介绍了这本小说中哥特式风格的原因：父权制的压迫，南方女士的神话和艾米莉对爱情的态度。最后，在结论中，笔者对以前的部分进行了梳理，再次强调了论文论证的意义。
好的，就是这样。现在你可以提出你的问题!我准备好了!谢谢 ！
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ：
I am Wu Lin. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professor Hu Anjiang, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van Winkle).
The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. i am xxxx and my supervisor is xxx. with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!
Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m xxx and come from class x. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.
The title of my paper is xxxxxxxxxxxxx. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.
Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.
Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.
Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.
For the above facts, I select this title.
Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.
The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.
The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.
The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.
The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.
The last part is the conclusion.
I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.
When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.
That’s all. Thank you.
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
毕业论文答辩自述稿英文版（通用6篇）
转眼间充满意义的大学生活就即将结束，我们都知道毕业生要通过最后的毕业论文，毕业论文是一种、有准备的检验大学学习成果的'形式，那么什么样的毕业论文才是好的呢？下面是我整理的毕业论文答辩自述稿英文版，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction. The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation.
I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators.
So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.
Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.
Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.
Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.
Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices. OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions。
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ： I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere grat-itude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts.
The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies.
In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society.
Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
good evening, all the appraiser committee members. i come from hust, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. i am and my supervisor is prof.***. with her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year"s hard work, i have finished my paper. finally, it is the show time. this evening i will present my efforts to you all and i gratefully welcome any correction.
the title of my paper is a study of the causes of the gothic style in a rose for emily from a feminist perspective. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. firstly, i am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. secondly, i am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and i have taught this text for more than 3 times . last but not the least ,as a female , i am keen on the study of feminism. for the above facts, i select the subject of a study of the causes of the gothic style in a rose for emily from a feminist perspective as the title of my paper.
i hope by studying this short story we can know more about american southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
next , i will present it to you. here is an outline of my presentation. they are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
this paper consists of six parts. part one presents an introduction to the author william faulkner and a rose for emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and emily s attitude towards love. finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
ok, that"s all. now you may raise your questions ! i am ready! thank you !
today, the title of my paper is on the network novels. in recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. network novel is one of the fast of them. in the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels" addicts. for the above facts, i select the subject of on the network novels as the title of my paper.
the last part, the forecast. looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. if each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.
not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.
good morning, all appraiser committee members. i am **** and my supervisor is ***. with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
the title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of on transformation of parts of speech as the title of my paper.
i hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.
part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any correction.
The topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.
Angela Carter (1940-1992) is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve into.
With the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and propositions.
Next, is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five parts.
Chapter one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the thesis.
Chapter two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the future.
Chapter three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual relationship.
Chapter four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two genders.
Chapter five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further study.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
英语毕业论文答辩稿范文（精选8篇）
一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束，我们毕业前都要通过最后的`毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式，快来参考毕业论文是怎么写的吧！下面是我帮大家整理的英语毕业论文答辩稿范文，希望对大家有所帮助。
Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.
With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.
Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.
With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.
Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.
For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.
In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.
Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.
Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.
Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words. Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all. Thank you.
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.
I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems
Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.
Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.
Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.
Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style
in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!
I will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!
Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m *** and come from class *. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.
Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.
Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.
Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.
For the above facts, I select this title.
Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.
The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.
The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.
The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.
The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.
The last part is the conclusion.
I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.
When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.
That’s all. Thank you.
毕业论文答辩开场白和结束语范文
毕业论文答辩开场白和结束语范文，步入大学以后，我们写论文的机会就更多了，尤其是在毕业的时候，毕业论文是很重要的，和我们能不能顺利拿到毕业证是有关系的，我和大家一起来看看毕业论文答辩开场白和结束语范文。
各位老师、同学大家好!
我来自艺术学院平面设计系06级6班，我叫赵洋，我的论文题目是《浅谈标志设计的品牌意识》，本篇论文是在邓丽老师的指导下完成的，在此，我十分感谢她长期以来对我的精心指导和大力帮助，同时也感谢各位评审老师从百忙之中抽出宝贵时间来参与对我这篇论文的审阅并出席本次答辩。
从大二进行对平面设计的系统学习开始，我接触到了各类图形与文字的设计，并对其变幻莫测的美感产生了浓厚的兴趣，而这些简单又赋有深刻内涵的图形最多又最深刻的表现在了企业与商品的标志设计上。在这个以消费者驱动的时代里，人们开始越来越多的注重自己的精神享受，而一个好的品牌的树立不仅可以满足人们的精神享受，还使得拥有该品牌的企业有一个良好的发展前景。对于标志设计，我们可以将其等同于品牌的形象塑造，当代企业参与市场竞争的正确策略是商品力，销售力和形象力三轴组成，
在实际应用中，应三管齐下，并通过前两者来加强影响力。目前我国企业形象策划搞的火热，但由于商品品种多样化，商品品牌琳琅满目，能够成功将品牌形象树立于人们心中的企业却寥寥无几。所以我想通过对品牌意识的树立的研究来探讨品牌树立的先行者，企业视觉识别系统的核心---标志设计的发展。
为了完成本论文，我进行了大量的资料收集，主要来自网络图书和论文期刊，在邓丽老师的指导下，经过阅读资料，拟定提纲，写开题报告初稿、定稿，毕业论文初稿、修改等一些列程序，于2010年4月正式定稿。
全文总共分为四个部分，约12000字：
第一部分是写品牌的概念和作用，该部分主要通过对品牌概念的介绍和树立品牌的重要性来凸显企业竞争中品牌意识的重要性。
第二部分是主要对现有品牌标志设计的分类研究，通过这一部分可以清楚的认识各种类型的标志设计。并通过这些成功案例来凸显标志设计在品牌策略中的重要性。
第三部分主要是写品牌标志设计的纵向发展，并通过诸多知名品牌标志的发展来加深人们的认识。
第四部分是本篇论文的引伸部分，通过以上的研究来探讨品牌标志的发展趋势。
经过本次论文写作，本人学到了许多有用的东西，也积累了不少经验，但由于本人才疏学浅，能力不足，加之时间精力有限，在许多内容表述、论证上存在着不当之处，与老师的期望还相差甚远，许多问题还有待进行一步思考和探究，借此答辩机会，万分肯切的希望各位老师能够提出宝贵的意见，多指出我的错误和不足之处，本人将虚心接受，从而不断进一步深入学习研究，使该论文得到完善和提高。以上是我对自己的论文简单介绍，请各位老师提问，谢谢。
各位老师，下午好! 我叫***，是**级**班的学生，我的论文题目是--------------------，论文是在**导师的悉心指点下完成的，在这里我向我的导师表示深深的谢意，向各位老师不辞辛苦参加我的论文答辩表示衷心的感谢，并对三年来我有机会聆听教诲的'各位老师表示由衷的敬意。下面我将本论文设计的目的和主要内容向各位老师作一汇报，恳请各位老师批评指导。
首先，我想谈谈这个毕业论文设计的目的及意义。
作为计算机应用的一部分,图书销售管理系统对图书销售进行管理,具有着手工管理所无法比拟的优点,极大地提高图书销售管理效率及在同行业中的竞争力.因此，图书销售管理系统有着广泛的市场前景和实际的应用价值.
其次，我想谈谈这篇论文的结构和主要内容。
本文分成五个部分.
第一部分是综述.这部分主要论述本系统开发的目的和意义，与业务相关的管理原理，以及与系统相关MIS系统开发原理与方法。
第二部分是系统分析.这部分分析用户需求,进行调查研究和分析,目的是根据用户的需求和资源条件,以现状为基础,确定新系统的逻辑模型,即从抽象的信息管理角度出发,为使用户满意,系统应对哪些信息做怎样一些存储、变换与传递，具备哪些功能，从而明确系统应该做些什么。
第三部分是系统设计.通过系统总体设计及详细设计对系统分析的结果进行整合,目的是要得到一个令用户满意的良好的实现方案。
第四部分是系统实现.根据系统设计的内容，讨论了该系统对人员与平台的要求,以及数据库表结构的建立与数据输入,并进行应用程序设计与测试.
第五部分是系统运行.这部分描述了系统操作使用的方法,进行一些系统测试，并评价了该系统.
最后，我想谈谈这篇论文和系统存在的不足。
这篇论文的写作以及系统开发的过程，也是我越来越认识到自己知识与经验缺乏的过程。虽然，我尽可能地收集材料，竭尽所能运用自己所学的知识进行论文写作和系统开发，但论文还是存在许多不足之处,系统功能并不完备，有待改进.请各位评委老师多批评指正，让我在今后的学习中学到更多。
谢谢!
论文答辩结尾说什么
论文答辩结尾说什么，在大学里，我们在里面学习了四年的时间，到了快毕业的时候，就要经历毕业答辩，这也是我们一个很重要的考验，好的开始等于成功了一半，那么论文答辩结尾说什么，和我一起来看看！
毕业答辩结束语
结合所学过的知识、通过查阅参考资料初步设计，再交指导老师审查审查通过后，利用AutoCAD和pkpm绘图，利用Excel、word等完成设计任务及其他内容的编写。
最后，我想谈谈这篇论文及自己存在的不足。由于自己学识浅薄，认识能力不做，对某些问题的理解上有诸多偏颇和浅薄的地方也由于理论功底的薄弱，存在有不少逻辑不畅和词不达意的地方，许多问题还有待于进一步思考和探讨。借此答辩机会恳切的希望各位老师能够提出宝贵的意见，多指出本设计的错误和不足指出，我讲虚心接受，从而进一步深入学习研究使该设计得到完善和提高。
以上是我的答辩自述，敬请各位评委老师提出宝贵的意见，谢谢!
毕业答辩开场白范文
各位老师，你们好!我叫……来自对外汉语071班，我的论文题目是《小王子》的象征意义。论文是在霍继超老师的指点下完成的，在这里我向霍老师表示深深的谢意，向参加我的论文答辩的各位老师表示衷心的感谢，并对四年来的授课老师表示由衷的敬意。
下面是我将本论文设计的目的和主要内容向各位老师做一个汇报，请各位老师批评指导。
首先，我想谈谈这个毕业论文设计的目的及意义。
写《小王子》的象征意义，是基于以下几种目的，一是让人们在看到小王子后，能够反思自己的精神处境，二是想让处在精神困境的人们走出“成人世界”与“儿童世界”的断层，去寻找使这二元世界衔接的中间道路：即既要发展物质文明，又不忽视精神文明的建设，像《小王子》的作者圣埃克絮佩里一样期盼着“小王子”的顺利回归。“小王子”的回归有助于现代经济社会真正又好又快的和谐发展。
《小王子》是圣埃克絮佩里在二十世纪喊出的口号，更是现代社会所需求的治疗精神的良药。
其次，我想谈谈这篇论文的结构和主要内容。
本设计共分四章。
第一章详细阐述象征的概念、起源及其意义，同时介绍整篇论文以象征为理论基点的意图。
第二章和第三章对《小王子》中各种原型和意象进行系统梳理，并对种种表现进行理论分析。
第四章分析《小王子》中成人世界与儿童世界产生二元对立冲突的深层原因，探讨了现代人的“迷失”与“寻找”主题，并阐述了分析“二元世界”象征意义的价值所在，以期在失去象征化的现代社会里能寻找一条人类精神回归的和谐之路。
最后，我谈谈这篇论文存在的不足。
一，论文的主题思想比较陈旧，没有写出创造性的见解，这篇童话不是一时半会能研究透彻的，随着人阅历的增长，看法应该会明显的不同，思想也会深邃的多。文学是有关人生的学问，所以平时的学习和生活的积累很重要。
二，语言表达不够规范，对与文体的学习是很有必要的。
三，每篇论文都体现了每个人的个性特点，在老师的指点下，我们都可以从中找到自己内在的.不足。
对于这篇论文，我就说到这儿。
谢谢!
毕业答辩是大学生们在大学里的最后一个也是最重要的一个考验，好的开始等于成功了一半，毕业答辩的开场白有着至关重要的作用。
1、自己为什么选择这个课题?
2、研究这个课题的意义和目的是什么?
3、全文的基本框架、基本结构是如何安排的?
4、全文的各部分之间逻辑关系如何?
5、在研究本课题的过程中，发现了那些不同见解?对这些不同的意见，自己是怎样逐步认识的?又是如何处理的?
6、论文虽未论及，但与其较密切相关的问题还有哪些?
7、还有哪些问题自己还没有搞清楚，在论文中论述得不够透彻?
8、写作论文时立论的主要依据是什么?
对以上问题应仔细想一想，必要时要用笔记整理出来，写成发言提纲，在答辩时用。这样才能做到有备无患，临阵不慌。
一、答辩技巧
学生首先要介绍一下论文的概要，这就是所谓“自述报告”，须强调一点的是“自述”而不是“自读”。这里重要的技巧是必须注意不能照本宣读，把报告变成了“读书”。“照本宣读”是第一大忌。这一部分的内容可包括写作动机、缘由、研究方向、选题比较、研究范围、围绕这一论题的最新研究成果、自己在论文中的新见解、新的理解或新的突破。做到概括简要，言简意赅。不能占用过多时间，一般以十分钟为限。所谓“削繁去冗留清被，画到无时是熟时”，就是说，尽量做到词约旨丰，一语中的。要突出重点，把自己的最大收获、最深体会、最精华与最富特色的部分表述出来。这里要注意一忌主题不明;二忌内容空泛，东拉西扯;三忌平平淡淡，没有重点。
在答辩时，学生要注意仪态与风度，这是进入人们感受渠道的第一信号。如果答辩者能在最初的两分种内以良好的仪态和风度体现出良好的形象，就有了一个良好的开端。有人将人的体态分解为最小单位来研究(如头、肩、胸、脊、腰等)认为凹胸显现怯懦、自卑，挺胸显示情绪高昂—但过分则为傲慢自负;肩手颈正显示正直、刚强，脊背挺拔体现严肃而充满自信。但过于如此，就会被人看作拘泥刻板保守，略为弯腰有度，稍稍欠身可表示谦虚礼貌。孙中山先生曾说过“其所具风度姿态，即使全场有肃然起敬之心，举动格式又须使听者有安静详和之气”他的这番金玉良言，对我们确实有很大的启发。
在听取教师提问时所要掌握的技巧要领是：
沉着冷静，边听边记
精神集中，认真思考
既要自信，又要虚心
实事求是，绝不勉强
听准听清，听懂听明
在回答问题时所要掌握的技巧是构思时要求每个问题所要答的“中心”“症结”“关健”在哪里?从哪一个角度去回答问题最好?应举什么例子来证明?回答问题的内容实质上是一段有组织的“口头作文”。这就要一、文章应有论点、论据。二、有开头主体与结尾。三、有条理、有
__________学院学位评定分委员会：我已经完成硕士研究生培养计划中规定的全部学习内容，获得规定的学分，完成了必修环节和学位（毕业）论文工作，现申请温州大学硕士学位（毕业）论文答辩，请予以审查，并准予答辩。特此申请。申请人（手写签字）： 年 月 日
尊敬的毕业设计(论文)审核小组的领导和老师你们好：经过近14周的努力，通过对螺旋棒零件的调研、翻阅相关的参考文献和资料，进行需求分析、系统研究、系统设计，最终完成了螺旋棒零件工艺规程设计及钻夹具的研究和设计。在翻阅相关参考文献的阶段，通过查阅相关的机床夹具设计、切削用量手册等书籍，掌握了本系统研究设计的基本方法，基本掌握了如何操作该夹具对零件进行正常加工。同时查阅外文资料并完成了对外文资料的翻译工作。在需求分析和系统设计阶段，通过对可行性和系统进行分析，在确定设计确实可行的基础上进行进一步的研究。在这次毕业设计中我认真学习螺旋棒零件工艺规程设计以及钻夹具设计的相关知识，严格遵循,老师的指导，按时完成任务，虚心的向同学请教和学习。目前，毕业设计(论文)、中英文翻译、调研报告、3张A0图及相关资料文档均已完成，在此向老师提出答辩申请进入下一阶段的论文答辩，希望老师同意。毕业论文答辩申请书范文2自我介绍申请答辩理由：本文主要研究发现：首先，其次，再次，最后，本人保证：所提交论文完全为个人工作成果，所用资料、实验结果及计算数。（通过查阅文献和阅读相关资料，严格按照毕业论文的格式和要求，完成论文的撰写工作。经过指导教师审核检查、评阅教师审核，所写论文已经达到了本科生毕业论文要求，特申请进行毕业论文答辩。经过长时间的充分准备，所有设计资料已经准备齐全，在第一草、二草、三草、征稿等阶段的不断推敲上，已全部完成毕业设计（论文）的要求内容。现已向答辩组提交的内容有：1、毕业设计（论文）任务书，2、毕业设计（论文）开题报告，3、毕业论文，4、毕业设计（论文）指导教师记录表，5、毕业设计（论文）指导教师中期检查表，7、毕业设计（论文）答辩申请表。综上所述，本人已具备参加答辩能力，现向答辩组提出正式申请，望批准！
【论文答辩申请书_范文1】姓名学号专业班级论文题目 : 国际贸易中的专利权保护问题研究申 请 报 告通过论文的编写工作，让我们对国家如今的外贸专利权方面的工作有深刻了解，对目前的形势展开了全面的概括、总结，主要针对国际贸易专利权方面进行一定程度的挖掘的深层次的探讨，基于我国目前的国情，认真剖析各种案例，通读各学者的学术研究，加深对专利权保护的理解，最后也相对地提出了一定的应对方案，促使我们以后对专利权方面的贸易工作提高警惕，避免不必要的贸易争端和法律纠纷，保证我们在不触犯法律的前提下，保证自身的利益不受侵害。尽管文章内容涉及面不多，但是在探讨专利权方面知识后，对专利权方面的只是和条款的敏感程度得到大幅度提高，在了解我们国情前提下，我们懂得了如何通过法律来保护自身的研发成果，其次是知晓我们现在面临的情况在法律面上存在的缺点，通过一系列的研究，得出如何应对专利权保护的措施和政策，并且对此提出自身的建议，收获了一系列在社会实践不能得到的知识，指导我能够更好地进行拓展和为我以后的职业生涯打下了殷实的基础铺垫，在我原有的学习基础上实行了进一步的挖掘、学习和巩固。在整个论文写作的过程中，我对自身的态度还是比较满意，虽然指导老师因为格式问题对我的文献检索部分非常不悦，但是我一直在努力一直在改正，现在已经有一定的好转。加上整个行文布置都是由我自己来布置，其布置的效果也可圈可点，直至成功定稿。但是由于学术知识的不足和经验的匮乏，我的论文尚有许多值得改进之处，希望日后能够更好地修改，为我的学士生涯交出一份完整完美的答卷。本人对论文(设计)和成果的真实性郑重承诺:申请人签名 (手签) 年 月 日指导教师意见1、同意参加答辩 2、不同意参加答辩 3、缓答辩指导教师签名 (手签) 年 月 日【论文答辩申请书_范文2】姓名 专业 指导教师 职称论文题目论文完成日期 20XX年03月申请答辩时间 20XX年05月申请答辩理由:本文在比较广泛地搜索、整理并系统地归纳总结出英语动词主被动语态之间不对称现象的大量翔实、可靠的语言材料，在此基础上结合相关语言学理论展开严谨的科学分析和理论探索。本文主要研究发现:首先，对英语主被动语态之间的不同选择根源于英语动词的行为本身包含的行为特征，对英语动词本身的语义特征及内涵的深入认识在英语主被动语态认知方面起重要的作用;其次，英语主动语态转换成被动语态时会导致部分句子成分的位置移动，这也有可能引起句子语义的变化;再次，英语中存在一些词类比如限定词，数量词和代词等肯能影响英语主被动语态的选择;最后，英语语态的选择与转换不仅仅涉及到句法结构，主要信息的变化，而且关系到语用、语义和人类认知心理诸多个方面。 此外，对英语主被动语态之间不对称现象的切入点在于英语动词这一词类本身，所以，以英语词类为切入点或可作为一种研究方法，来研究、认识英语语言乃至普遍语言的规律性的东西。最后如何将英语主被动语态不对称现象的深层原因，比如动词的行为特征，英语句法，英汉思维差距等因素体现在英语动词语法习得和使用过程中是值得继续探讨的问题。本人保证:所提交论文完全为个人工作成果，所用资料、实验结果及计算数。(通过查阅文献和阅读相关资料，严格按照毕业论文的格式和要求，完成论文的撰写工作。经过指导教师审核检查、评阅教师审核，所写论文已经达到了本科生毕业论文要求，特申请进行毕业论文答辩。经过长时间的充分准备，所有设计资料已经准备齐全，在第一草、二草、三草、征稿等阶段的不断推敲上，已全部完成毕业设计(论文)的要求内容。现已向答辩组提交的内容有:1、毕业设计(论文)任务书，2、毕业设计(论文)开题报告，3、毕业论文，4、毕业设计(论文)指导教师记录表，5、毕业设计(论文)指导教师中期检查表，7、毕业设计(论文)答辩申请表。综上所述，本人已具备参加答辩能力，现向答辩组提出正式申请，望批准!指导教师意见:该生认真系统的学习了时间序列的理论和方法，查阅大量文献，在论文写作过程中虚心听取指导教师的意见。论文内容充实，层次结构合理科学，格式规范，语言表达清楚、流畅。达到本科生毕业论文水平。同意参加答辩。签名:年 月 日答辩委员会意见:签名:年 月 日
1.在论文答辩会之前，我们需要将经过了老师审定并签署过意见的毕业论文，包括所有的提纲以及任务书还有初稿都提交上去。2.在答辩会上进行论文阐述时需要先用一个短时间概述自己毕业论文的大概是什么内容以及为什么会选择这个论题，详细的介绍毕业论文的主要论点论据还有自己在写作时候的体会，字句清晰意思明确的让老师和其他在场人员明白自己所讲述的内容，这部分会考察到你的分析能力还有一些综合归总能力以及语言表达能力。3.答辩进行时会有老师对你所讲述的问题进行提问，一般在3个左右，在老师提问完后根据学校的规定可以准备一段时间或者立即给与老师答复。4.答辩完成之后学员退场，导师以及其他委员会成员根据你的论文质量和答辩的情况商讨是否通过并拟定大概成绩。5.在拟定完成绩之后主答辩导师可能会找回学员，对学员答辩情况给与小结，会肯定部分内容，然后对其他内容提出修改意见加以补充和指点。
具体的范文模板链接：