发布时间：
Abstract: The village is one of China's most important grass-roots level of rural social organizations, to promote the economic development of the village, play an important role in democratic politics. However, many villages in China, the village committee is ineffective, its legitimacy questioned, with the result that the village committee of the many important functions of the original can not play, the village was being shown "atomization" of the trend. This article holds that the township government as a result of "infringement" of the actual power to make the source of the village committee is authorized by the State, represented by the village committee and local grass-roots political power interests of the community separation, leading to the village committee and community to support the foundation and the lack of legitimacy weakening.
Abstract Personnel Management System is a business unit indispensable part of its content for business decision-makers and managers, are essential, so the personnel management system should be able to provide users with adequate information and efficient means for. Company to the initial implementation of a computerized personnel management, personnel management computer in the preliminary application received. So that personnel managers are always based on accurate and timely information to decision-making personnel, and management. Only computer to be modern society, have increased the amount of information and personnel, the timely collection, processing, finishing, storage, retrieval, transmission, feedback to policy makers. To play its unique features. Namely: (1) on the importation of personnel data, numerical computing and logical operators, to solve various problems. (2) the personnel information processing to solve the problem of data processing, personnel decision-makers to provide the basis for the decision-making. (3) of the personnel management of data and computer sequence, a memory storage capacity. Practice has proved that when the amount of information management and complexity of the reach a certain limit, that is, the management of labor intensity over its sustainability, it must adopt new management tools, namely the use of computer technology information collection, processing, transmission and depositors Receptacles, and personnel can use the basis of information, efficient, reasonable, appropriate management. In this way, personnel information system with computer applications, development and continuous improvement, computer information management personnel in the position of benefits is important. Because of this, to achieve modernization of Personnel Management, a scientific management methods and advanced technological means in order to maximize the efficiency of personnel management. Modern personnel work in increasing the amount of information, confidentiality is growing, and continuously improve the density of information, relying on traditional management methods and means of operation have been unable to do a good job in personnel management. The computer as a data-processing systems, personnel management has gradually become an important means of modernization, in personnel management are playing an important role. Generally speaking, computer information systems and personnel in the role are: (1) were faster than the computer can provide information to the value of personnel data; (2) than the computer can provide updated personnel data; (3) than the computer can provide more accurate personnel data; (4) the computer can handle more than one of the personnel data, and so on. That is why we use the computer replace the personnel manual to establish information systems, computer and personnel information systems, the primary function can be summarized in the following three points: First, can be highly efficient, high-capacity gathering, processing, storage and personnel information, significantly improve the personnel management information system for the quality and efficiency. Second, can make the best of the entire personnel management system of comprehensive, accurate system to provide the personnel information, personnel can work to promote the standardization and management system and the system of indicators and sound, thereby enhancing the level of administration. Third, can provide the processing of personnel information, to meet the special requirements of personnel management, adapt to the new situation on the faculty ranks of the new requirements and help options, the optimal decision-making. At present, the number of units and personnel departments for computer applications also limited to a simple stand-alone applications, with the passage of time, the complex task, the needs of users, their applications will be expanded. In short, the extensive application of computer, computer and personnel management information system established, adapted to the socio-economic objective of the requirements of modern personnel management is a big step forward. Today we use computers to the personnel files of the initial management of the modernization of the development and use, it has greatly enhanced the personnel management of the working efficiency of workers, the personnel management (file, wages) in heavy manual extricate themselves with more Creative energy in the management of activities which enable decision-making, planning and other management activities more scientific, accurate and flexible. Therefore, the establishment of computer and personnel management information system is an inevitable trend in the development of an objective. While in the area of personnel management generally can not use a computer, but the long term, personnel management and computer modernization is not split. Neglect or refuse to use computer technology, it is impossible to truly and fully realize the modernization of Personnel Management. As China's economy, technology, and strengthen the development of human resources management, we must strive to create conditions, promote the use of modern computer and personnel management. For the building of socialism with Chinese characteristics and work hard
The village committee is the most grass-roots level in rural areas and most important social organizations, to promote the economic development of the village, play an important role in democratic politics. However, many villages in China, the village committee is ineffective, its legitimacy questioned, with the result that the village committee of the many important functions of the original can not play, the village was being shown "atomization" of the trend. This article holds that the township government as a result of "infringement" of the actual power to make the source of the village committee is authorized by the State, represented by the village committee and local grass-roots political power interests of the community separation, leading to the village committee and community to support the foundation and the lack of legitimacy weakening.
That the village shifts a meeting is China grass-roots unit is also the most important rural area Kultur most , have the important effect to promoting village economic growth , strengthening democracy and encouraging democratic participation. But the village committee meeting in Chinese many village exists in name only , whose legitimacy accepts people's questioning , cause a village to shift the former a lot of important meeting function also having no way to bring into play, the village is assuming an exhibition "atomization" that trend. That the actual authority thinking that the village shifts a meeting since "tort" of the countryside government can be used, stems from the main body of a book is that the country authorizes , the village shifts the political power at the grassroots level that the house represents and local society benefit parts for, lead to village meeting society of committee thereby support the insufficiency that the basis joins and the legitimacy reduction.文章有些长、、望认真看完、、标准人工翻译、、希望可以帮助你、、
毕业论文外文翻译：将外文参考文献翻译成中文版本。
翻译要求：
1、选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。
2、选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。
3、外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。
参考文献是在学术研究过程中，对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴。征引过的文献在注释中已注明,不再出现于文后参考文献中。外文参考文献就是指论文是引用的文献原文是国外的，并非中国的。
原文就是指原作品,原件，即作者所写作品所用的语言。如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》原文是英语。
译文就是翻译过来的文字，如在中国也可以找到莎士比亚《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的中文版本，这个中文版本就称为译文。
主要标准
翻译是语际交流过程中沟通不同语言的桥梁。一般来说，翻译的标准主要有两条：忠实和通顺。
忠实
是指忠实于原文所要传递的信息，也就是说，把原文的信息完整并且准确地表达出来，使译文读者得到的信息与原文读者得到的信息大致相同。
通顺
是指译文规范、明白易懂，没有文理不通、结构混乱、逻辑不清的现象。
实践产生理论，欧美许多国家的翻译理论是五花八门的。从大的方面来看，可以分为两大派：一派是翻译可能论，一派是翻译不可能论。其实，完完全全百分之百的可能是没有的，完完全全百分之百的不可能也是没有的。
世界上一切翻译活动都是在这两个极端之间进行的。欧洲许多著名的人物，比如马丁·路德、M.阿诺德、.纽曼、.波斯特加特、H.白洛克、.诺克斯、V.那巴可夫等等，都对翻译提出了自己的理论。据《开塞尔世界文学百科全书》的意见，这些理论中有些是刚愎自用的。
Second, edutainment, learning, in which - to create a rich type of activity, so that the child be happy to communication. Jean Piaget said: "Children who do not have their true activities, education can not succeed." So just to learn in class can only be self-enclosed, from the perspective of human development is far from enough. Teachers should try to expand time and space, to provide practical experience for young children opportunities. Because the origin of speech is a specific situation, in certain situations can produce the language motivation, so as to promote language development. Therefore, we have a wealth of activities for young children to create a form, so that children take the initiative with interest into oral communication training to actively observing, thinking, imagination, so that their language would, such as trickle, flow Xintian . 1, "Yan Dao" - take a look at to help tell Vision is the first sensory awareness of things. We have arranged a number of education-based activities in order to look at in order to stimulate students to the visual senses to help the child visual image to understand things, so that children Chujingshengqing quickly into his new role. See in-kind: the use of a specific kind of physical creation of the scene to speak of child care training. Such as: We are in the active course "Understanding Fruit", they can put a large glass dish filled with fruit and produce, in front of the children so that they carefully observed all kinds of fruit shape, color, taste a variety of fruit taste, in such situations , child fun, a great need to speak, but also happy to exchange ideas. Look at pictures, animation: early childhood oral communication in order to plug-communication-based, image pictures, animation for students to demonstrate a specific oral communication scenarios, can always "grabbed" the children's heart. In composing stories "over timber wolf", when, with tense music on a computer screen to produce a small gathering of animals in the river, dodging the trees behind the scenes of a wolf. The animals in the end how the Lobos beat it? Full of playful element of the picture immediately aroused the spark children's creative thinking, they opened a heated debate: Some say the animals lured into a river and drowned the timber wolf, timber wolf, some say they are birds peck it died ... ... by looking at the animation, children's desire to explore has been mobilized immediately, which makes oral lesson achieved good results. See Nature: Nature is the birthplace of artistic language. Led the children came to the embrace of nature, they will enjoy more wonderful and strange scenes of Four Seasons: Spring, the sun shining gently on the earth, everywhere a vibrant green; summer, the rumbling of thunder shaking the earth, eye-catching The lightning pierced the gray sky; fall, bright red covered with branches of the persimmon, it is watering for a snatch; winter, snow, powder makeup jade puzzle world presented in front of kids ... ... all of this, are naturally already theme ready to speak. Through hikers, look for the fall of the Garden and other activities to guide their children into nature, and observe the four seasons of the landscape, and inspire their desire to speak, to conduct oral training. 2, "ears" - to listen to say that Hearing the information the brain receives another major source of spoken language training, an important way to foster hearing. Our activities to stimulate children to use voice hearing organs, to mobilize them to soul music school, Lee studied the psychological factors that make kids love that, Weaver said. Listen Tel: kids love to call, we have designed: Tintin called to ask my grandmother disease is cured not; Teacher's Day is up, you call the teacher wish a happy holiday and so on. Such training with a strong game, conformance with the children's psychological characteristics, the children quickly into his new role, and was happy that the looting, said. Hear hear: We let the children see from their side, and hear the most favorite thing, or from television, radio, movies, newspapers and advertising absorbed the information, select one or two, seize the center, at a certain Simply put the order pass on to you. Since about the contents of what they see in daily life, pro-ear heard, and therefore rich in content and emotional nature, making oral communication for the exchange of ideas and promote feelings of educational activities. To listen to the dialogue: Multi-and the children talk their favorite topic. Upon joining the park children, lively, everyone has lots to talk about the case, as long as you have the patience to sit there, you'll hear endless talk about the words. Therefore, we often vote for those they love, they talk about familiar topics. Such as "my family", "My good friend," "my favorite kind of fruit," "I love the game," "Ultraman" "Journey to the West" and so on, on hearing these topics, the children have been active: the others, talking with his father's appearance, while performances; Some children spoke their own side of good friends, while laughed; others, talking with his favorite watermelon, strawberries, while Yan Koushui ; talked about their favorite game is rushed, dancing, and no slightest bit nervous vigor.
毕业论文是Graduation thesis 若要在论文里指论文就可以直接说thesis或者paper
“毕业论文”的英文：Graduation Dissertation
Dissertation 读法 英 [,dɪsə'teɪʃ(ə)n] 美 ['dɪsɚ'teʃən]
n. 论文，专题；学术演讲
短语：
1、academic dissertation 学位论文 ; 学术论文
2、Graduation Dissertation 毕业论文
3、Doctorate dissertation 博士论文
4、Dissertation Committee 论文委员会
5、dissertation topics 毕业论文题目
词义辨析：
article, paper,dissertation, essay, prose, thesis这组词都有“文章”的意思，其区别是：
1、article 多指在报刊、杂志上发表的非文艺性的文章，包括新闻报导、学术论文等。
2、paper 正式用词，多指在学术刊物上发表或在学术会议上宣读的专题论文，也指高等学校的学期论文，或学校里的作文练习。
3、dissertation 书面语用词，指独立研究后所写的较为详细的专题文章；也可指学位论文。
4、essay 指任何一种非小说性的，篇幅不长、结构简练的文章，如论说文、报道、评论、讽刺性杂文等。
5、prose 专指散文。
6、thesis 既可指毕业论文、学位论文，又可指一般的为阐述学术观点而写的论文。
例句：
1、Exploring "Trinity Working Mode" of Integrating Graduation Field Work, Graduation Dissertation and Employment on Graduation.
毕业实习、毕业论文与学生就业三位一体工作模式探索。
2、On Problems in Writing Graduation Dissertation
关于撰写毕业论文应该注意的问题。
不算，但是前提是要备注出自论语，孔子。（也就是所谓的sitation）名言名句原本可能出自于各个国家和各种语言，但是基本的意思都是相通的。只要翻译没有太大差异，并且读者可以理解就是没有问题的，要表明出处是因为外国人可能是不知道这句话是老子说的，表上表明这个引用更有说服力。
给我20元，帮你翻。
不会，肯定不会。但是国内的论文在Methodology部分普遍很薄弱，而这恰恰是英国大学里导师很看重的一个部分，可能在这一部分要加强。你找的中文论文最好本身参考的是很多外国文献，不然就像楼上说的你的reference部分会很惨淡，不是每个导师都认同中文的文献的。
算是抄袭。
1、抄袭与巧合。著作权保护的是独创作品，而非首创作品。类似作品如果是作者完全独立创作的，不能认为是抄袭。
2、抄袭与利用他人作品的历史背景、客观事实、统计数字等。任何人均可以自由利用各国著作权法对作品所表达的历史背景、客观事实统计数字等资料。但是完全照搬他人描述客观事实、历史背景的文字，有可能被认定为抄袭。
3、抄袭与合理使用。合理使用是作者利用他人作品的法律上的依据，一般由各国著作权法自行规定其范围。凡超出合理使用范围的，一般构成侵权，但并不一定是抄袭。
4、抄袭与利用著作权作品的思想、意念和观点。一般的说，作者自由利用其他作品中所反映的主题、题材、内容等再进行新的创作，不能认为是抄袭。
扩展资料：
论文抄袭认定方法：
划清侵犯著作权罪与非罪行为的界限，主要根据以下两点：
一是行为人实施了侵犯著作权的行为，但违法所得数额未达较大或者不具有其他严重情节的，按一般的侵权行为追究其民事责任，而不以侵犯著作权罪论处。只有当侵权行为违法所得数额较大时或具有其他严重情节时才成立犯罪。
二是行为人在客观上虽有侵犯著作权的行为，但主观上不具有营利目的的，不构成犯罪，应按《中华人民共和国著作权法》规定的法律责任处理。
参考资料来源：百度百科-论文抄袭
is often also famous builds up the best feature of human culture and touchs the essensial part of human , you can find the same idom in different are common in content and you tried to intertranslation them,you will find it just like and chinese have different code of language and culture background,so they can use different object as metaphor while expressing the translating these idom,we should keep their spirit while changing their the corresponding idom in translating between Chinese and English can reappear the original speech outcome and convey the original meaning.
简单翻译如下（如满意，请选为最佳答案哦~ ）：Most of idioms are quotations and aphorisms, which have collected and summarized the cream of the human culture, and connected with the most basic issues about people’s lives. Therefore, the similar idioms can be found in different languages. They have similar content and expression patterns, which will be like a direct translation if they were used in the idioms translation. English and Chinese have different codes of language and culture background, so that although they may have similar meanings with different expression items in metaphor or simile. So, when we translate idioms, its core meaning should be kept while the form of could be changed accordingly. By using these idioms in the English-Chinese Translation can not only bring back the effect and emotion of the original language, but also present the meanings clearly.
Shanxi Province is located in China's western region, In recent years, with the support of the country's western development aid policy and own resources and environmental advantages. By increasing the strength of the economic structural adjustment, prompting producer services has been development. However, compared with the developed areas, it remains at a low level. This article will explore the Shaanxi province producer services impacts of manufacturing productivity. Based on the data of Shanxi province from 2004 to 2012, using panel model, and controlling other economic variables, we tested the degree that the producer services impacts the productivity of the manufacturing industry. The empirical results show that the development of producer services not directly stimulate the industry to enhance the level of efficiency, but improve the manufacturing efficiency by moderating effect, Scientific research and Integrated Technical Services, Transport, Storage, Post and Telecommunications two industries both to the relationship between the level of economic development 、technological innovation capability and manufacturing productivity has significant moderating effect. As Shanxi Province using traditional producer services, so the moderating effect of the relationship between human capital and manufacturing efficiency, the relationship between Finance and insurance and manufacturing efficiency was not significant. Finally, we provide the corresponding countermeasures to enhance the manufacturing productivity industry through developing producer services. Key Words: Producer Services; manufacturing productivity; moderating effect
上文不够好哦!This text is an estimate analysis that the related inquisition in proceeding in present condition in programming management to educate the public section a human resource to red river in the province of Yunnan state tidy up primarily, then launching public section the alpha and omega puts its human resource orchestration the programming in important position that manage the work, it is positive to set up to adapt to the oneself the development, and have the human resource of the district special features the programming the system, to solve the oneself the difficulty with the blemish. This thesis educates from the current our country first the development present condition of the public section human resource commences, thin in multiple layers turn, pass to educate the public section human resource to the Yunnan province the programming develops circumstance proceed the synopsis says all, end return to the human resource that the red river in province in Yunnan in— in— in research object state of this thesis educate public section develop the , prepare in the thesis according to the writer the ex- period a cultural heritage for proceeding collects and statistics with the data, passing the form of the chart and educating to the red river state the present condition of the public relations section human resource proceed the layering the inquisition the data gathers, combining and making the related estimate is concrete to come to say, the chapter beginning proceeds to the red river state education public relations section human resource development environment to say the analysis all, including the talented person to educate the inquisition to that state develop the circumstance with to a data for belonging to 15 fulltime schools teaching and staff work covariance;Again combinative chart, or educate according to current that state the personnel develop a few and important link( include the culture character, salary management, results that educate the human resource hire and the talented person continues to train to wait four aspects) that actual circumstance to the public section in education in state in red river programming in human resource manage proceeds the classification analyzes, and integrates to the personnel system construction the proceeding system expatiate;Finally, synthesize the front to educate to that state the analysis of the public section human resource study, making use of the related covariance learn to analyze the method, laying emphasis ground to educate the human resource works to proceed the need predicts with supply to predict the analysis.
As everyone knows, the audit of CPA has become the whole social economic supervision system is an indispensable important part in such a great environment, accounting firms have become social and economic development services indispensable role. At present, in the service of Henan province most industrial and commercial enterprises accounting firm for the vast majority of small and medium-sized accounting firm. Therefore, visible in small and medium-sized accounting firm in the development of social economy of Henan province service work importance. This paper combines with the author 's small CPA firm 's actual situation, on small firms in the human resources management in humanistic management advantages and disadvantages in the aspects of the analysis and the it comes to humane management of the pros and cons, on one hand, any enterprises toward standardization development and promotion, it should not be, or should abandon the humanity this undesirable management way, replace sb. Is scientific and normalized management system ; on the other hand, under the influence of traditional Chinese culture : " employees first" and " people-oriented" as many companies advocating humane management concept, but in real work," people first " and " people-oriented" but there are a lot of places not just as one wishes, managers should be how to define "staff first " and " people-oriented" in the actual operation, how to correctly grasp the "staff the first" and " people-oriented" humane management, combined with the actual spread out to this problem were analyzed and discussed.
我就说下我以前论文是怎么翻译的，前提是本科学位论文，只求过关，不求优秀论文，我直接用的谷歌在线翻译。只要不想得优秀论文，老师根本不会看你的英文摘要的
上词典查一下
Abstract China's output of CNC machine tools continued rapid growth in the processing precision CNC machine tools, automation, productivity, labour intensity, and so on all aspects of general machine tools incomparable advantages, but the purchase of new CNC machine tools in particular the large cost of CNC machine tools Very high, often many users looking to deter and, in particular developing countries such as China's limited funds. Over the past few years upgrading of CNC machine experience tells us that the old machine on the implementation of NC transformation, not only for good performance, shorter cycle, and can save large amounts of funds. Was the transformation of the greater machine, the savings of more funds. This article discusses the transformation of ordinary lathe, and the steps needed to transform the main components. Focused on the machine CA6140 the transformation of the main drive system. In a nutshell, we implemented the old NC machine tool of transformation, our country's socialist construction will have a certain role in the promotion. Key words: CNC machine tools, NC transformation, spindle components