发布时间：
The principle of fairness also said the principles of justice, the principles of justice, fairness principle that the law will always pursue and is pursuing a kind of values, is one of the fundamental principles of civil law. China's "General Principles of Civil Law" in a fair responsibility would like to express provision is made in line with the interests of the community and the broad masses of the people's will and aspirations. "Contract Law" to the principle of equity determine the rights and obligations of the parties, made up for a lack of legislation in China in the field of the market economy has an extremely important role. First, the concept of the principle of fairness and responsibility for the contents include Fair purported fair and reasonable. Fair responsibility principle is that the perpetrator and the victim are not at fault, the fact that damage has occurred in the circumstances, a fair consideration as a value judgment criteria, in accordance with the actual situation and possibilities, from the parties a fair share loss attribution principles. It specifically includes the following aspects: (1) the parties voluntarily, equality, civil Ontology participate in the civil-tim moving to equal opportunities. The two sides equal opportunity to participate in civil activities, the dominant position of equality, freedom of expression means. Not to race. Gender, age, status to the rights and obligations of the two sides. (B) civil entities in the enjoyment of civil rights and obligations of civil commitment to equality, and not显失公平. The establishment of a socialist commodity exchange on the basis of equality, no country has the right not to pay the price obtained free of charge property of others, who do not improper means to be not equivalent to the exchange. "Contract Law" pursuit of the rights and obligations equivalent transactions, in the conclusion of the contract, it was stressed that the two sides equal obligations,显失公平behavior parties can apply for the people's court or arbitration body withdrawn, social morality will permit the parties in the signed contract, only no rights or obligations not only enjoy the right to undertake obligations. Embodied in contract law, namely, the balance of interests as a value judgment to adjust the standard contract between the main commodity exchange, the right to determine their contract obligations. Unequal rights and obligations, the economic damage to the interests of the disadvantaged did not originate from its own strength, but from man-made discrimination, and this is an obvious unfair. On the contrary, the other party by virtue of human factors and not pay the price can get asymmetric interests, this is not only contrary to public morality, but also prohibited by law, it will weaken the damage to the motives for innovation.显失公平that exist between the interests of the parties "significant imbalance", which has destroyed the normal moral standards, contrary to good faith. The principle of equivalence paid, resulting in the loss of the contract according to the requirements necessary for the entry into force of the "fairness" of. (C) civil entities in the civil liabilities to fair and reasonable. Civil legislation to safeguard the principle of fairness, each person entitled to civil rights, regardless of whether fault, as long as there exist facts cause damage, they should share the civil liability according to the actual situation, and shared responsibility to be fair and reasonable, not arbitrary to blindly responsibility and the other party liability relief, not by race, rank all factors. Fully embodies the principle of fairness, so that the parties can achieve genuine equality of opportunity, equal status. The rights and obligations of equality, shared responsibilities fair, reasonable, avoid abuse of the rights and obligations increase. In real terms from the general fair to fair. Second, the principle of the responsibility is different from the fair principle of the responsibility and fault unerring principle of the responsibility of a liability principles. China's civil law system at the same time there are three principles of attribution principle that is at fault. No-fault principle, fair principle of the responsibility. Fair responsibility principle is the principle of an independent attribution. First, it is not from the perpetrator of the psychological state, that is not the perpetrator subjective fault people determine their liability, but based on the concept of socialist ethics and fair people living together rules and requirements. Secondly, the fact that in the event of damage there, according to the property status of the parties and other specific circumstances magistrate. If a housing tenancy will be engaged in operations to B, B in the agreement with the consent of a housing for a certain decoration, the two sides agreed in the agreement: "contract termination, B housing will be returned to the owner within decoration." both parties to fulfill the contract completed, a renovation that B should be free return, and B consider themselves into the housing decoration materials, wages, this should be a price compensation. Both sides have a dispute. The author believes that the imperfections of the contract on the renovation so that the two sides have a major misunderstanding on the return, B the right to apply for the relevant authorities to withdraw this clause. In addition, the market economy, can be embodied in any acts of values, B input materials, provided labor, it should be paid. If returned to a free decoration, it is bound to cause great losses to the B and A does not pay any price to get a substantial interest, which is clearly inequitable. Therefore, B requested a compensation price of the decoration ideas should be supported. Support B at the request of China's civil legislation in line with the spirit of fair is a concrete manifestation of the principle of the responsibility. Third, the equity principle of the responsibility to make up for the shortcomings of tort law, the tort legislation is a development. Fair principle of the responsibility to people living together rules and the fairness of socialist ethics concept to the level of civil legal norms, in line with the broad masses of the people's will, aspirations. The tort theory is the development and perfection. The theory of tort liability for mistakes made in the no-fault principle and the principle of the responsibility arising from the principle of responsibility before the fair. Therefore, the principle of fairness in practice responsibility not fully reflected. This contract resulted in a party irreparable harm facts. For example, A to B to help work for an accident should happen, to a physical injury, from the responsibility of the fault. The two sides were not at fault, it had never had down-fault principle of the responsibility to look at the whole scope, the damage to a only a personal commitment. From the perspective of fairness, according to both property status and other circumstances, a fair and reasonable sharing of responsibilities, the loss will be a relatively reduced, and also embodies the moral aspects of the principle of fairness. There defects in the legislation, often from the moral values of equity, to supplement the inadequate legislation. China's "civil law principle" and "Contract Law" will be fair principle of the responsibility to clear and the principle of fairness as the rights and obligations of the parties premise of the legislation on tort added that development. Fourth, China's civil legislation will be fair principle of the responsibility to determine the liability for an independent principle, the existing legal basis, but also the needs of judicial practice. "General Rules of Civil Law" Section 4 provides that: "the civil activities shall abide by the voluntary, fair, equivalent compensation, a principle of faith." The law also stipulates that显失公平the civil acts, a party may apply for the people's court or arbitration body to repeal or change. "General Rules of Civil Law" Section 132 provides that: "the parties are not at fault caused the damage, according to the actual situation by the parties share the civil liability." "General Rules of Civil Law" Section 133 provides that: "the guardian's responsibility to the guardianship may be appropriately reduce his civil liability." Embodied 132 fair principle of the responsibility. Secondly, in judicial practice, both parties were not at fault tort damages, in the absence of the principle of a liability to be adjusted, so that the victims will not only suffer have to bear all the losses contrary to the spirit of legislation. Precisely for this reason, fairness in the judicial principle of the responsibility to practice fully reflected the spirit of the legislation is not only in our country, is the need of reality. 6, the importance of the principle of fair responsibility. Fair is the spirit of civil law, contract law but also the spirit. In implementing the principle of equity entered into a contract to fulfill. Accountability, and other contractual relationship from start to finish. The principle of the responsibility to establish a fair dual between the parties of the right and obligation to remedy the inadequate legal provisions, so that further legal ethics commodity economy, not only effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests, but also to promptly resolve disputes and prevent the incident from expanding and contradictions sharpening, promoting stability and unity, stability, social order. Practice has proved that the principle of fairness is the responsibility of our judicial practice needs, but also the common aspiration of the majority of the people. Fair fault with the principle of the responsibility to the principle of the responsibility, the principle of no-fault liability adjustment from different aspects of the tort damages arising from civil legal relations and resolving the different types of civil legal disputes in civil legal relations with its importance.公平原则也称公正原则、正义原则、公道原则，是法律始终奉行和追求的一种价值观，也是民法的基本原则之一。我国《民法通则》中对公平责任愿则作了明文规定，符合社会利益和广大人民群众的意志和愿望。《合同法》以公平原则确定各方的权利义务，弥补了我国立法上的不足，在市场经济领域有着极其重要的作用。 一、公平责任原则的概念及包括的内容 公平的本意是公平合理。公平责任原则，是指加害人和受害人都没有过错，在损害事实已经发生的情况下，以公平考虑作为价值判断标准，根据实际情况和可能，由双方当事人公平地分担损失的归责原则。它具体包括以下几方面内容： （一）当事人自愿、平等，民事本体参加民事恬动的机会要均等。双方参加民事活动机会平等，主体地位平等，意思表述自由。不以种族。性别、年龄、地位等来约定双方的权利义务。 （二）民事主体在民事权利的享有和民事义务的承担上要对等，不能显失公平。 社会主义商品交换建立在平等的基础上，谁也无权不付出代价来无偿取得他人财产，谁也不得以不正当的手段谋求不等价的交换。《合同法》追求权利义务的等值交易，在合同订立中，强调双方义务均等，对于显失公平的行为当事人可以申请人民法院或仲裁机构予以撤消，社会道德也不允许当事人在签订合同时，只享有权利不承担义务或者只承担义务而不享受权利。体现在合同法中，就是以利益均衡作为价值判断标准来调整合同主体之间的商品交换关系，确定其合同权利的义务。权利义务不对等时，利益受损方经济上的不利地位并非源自其自身的实力，而是来自人为的歧视，这是明显的不公平。相反，另一方凭借人为因素，不付出代价即可取得不对称利益，这不仅有悖于社会公德，而且也为法律所禁止，更会削弱受损方创新的动因。显失公平使当事人之间的利益存在“重大失衡”，破坏了正常人所具有的道德标准，违背了诚实信用。等价有偿的原则，以致于合同丧失了据以生效所必须要求的“公平”性。 （三）民事主体在承担民事责任上要公平、合理。 为维护民事立法的公平原则，每个享有民事权利的人，不问有无过错，只要有造成损害事实存在，就应当根据实际情况分担民事责任，且分担责任要公平合理，不能盲目地随心所欲地让一方承担责任而另一方减免责任，更不能受种族、级别诸因素的影响。充分体现公平原则，才能使双方当事人真正达到机会平等、地位平等。权利义务平等，分担责任公平、合理，避免权利滥用和义务加重。从一般公平到实质公平。 二、公平责任原则是不同于过错责任原则和无过错责任原则的一个归责原则。 我国民事法律制度中同时存在三个归责原则即过错原则。无过错原则、公平责任原则。公平责任原则是一个独立的归责原则。首先，它不是从行为人的心理状态出发，即不以行为人主观过错人确定其赔偿责任，而是依据社会主义道德的公平观念和人们共同生活规则的要求。其次，在有损害事实发生时，根据双方当事人的财产状况及其他具体情况裁判。如甲将房屋租赁给乙方搞经营，乙方在征得甲的同意后对房屋进行了一定装修，双方协议中约定：“合同终止时，乙方将房屋的内装修返还给甲方。”双方履行完毕合同，甲认为乙的装修应是无偿返还，而乙认为自己装修房屋投入了材料、人工，甲对此应该作价补偿。双方对此产生争执。笔者认为，合同的不完善使双方对装修返还上产生重大误解，乙方有权申请有关机关予以撤消此条款。另外，市场经济中，任何行为都体现价值观念，乙投入材料，提供了劳务，就应该得到报酬。如果装修无偿返还给甲，势必给乙造成很大损失，而甲却不付任何代价就得到一笔可观利益，这明显有失公平。所以，乙要求甲对装修作价补偿的主张应该得到支持。支持乙的请求符合我国民事立法精神，更是公平责任原则的具体体现。 三、公平责任原则弥补了侵权行为法理论的缺陷，是对侵权行为立法的一个发展。 公平责任原则把人们共同生活规则和社会主义道德的公平观念上升为民事法律规范，符合广大人民意志、愿望。也是对侵权法理论的发展和完善。侵权法理论中的过错责任原则及无过错责任原则产生于公平责任原则之前。因此，公平责任原则在实践中不能充分体现。这就导致合同一方当事人发生损害事实时无法弥补。例如甲给乙帮忙干活，因出现意外，使甲人身受到伤害，从过错责任来看。双方均无过错，从无过错责任原则凋整范围看，甲受到的损害只能由甲个人承担。如果从公平角度出发，根据双方的财产状况及其他情况，公平、合理地分担责任，甲的损失就会相对减少，也体现了道德范畴的公平原则。在立法上出现缺陷时，往往是道德观念起衡平作用，以补充立法上的不足。我国《民法原则》及《合同法》将公平责任原则予以明确并将公平原则作为双方当事人权利义务的前提，是对侵权立法的补充、发展。 四、我国民事立法将公平责任原则确定为一个独立的归责原则，既有法律依据，也是司法实践的需要。 《民法通则》第4条规定：“民事活动应当遵循自愿、公平、等价有偿、诚实信用原则”。法律也规定，显失公平的民事行为，一方可以申请人民法院或仲裁机构撤消或变更。《民法通则》第132条规定：“当事人对造成损害都没有过错的，可以根据实际情况，由当事人分担民事责任”。《民法通则》第133条规定：“监护人尽了监护责任的，可以适当减轻他的民事责任”。体现了132条的公平责任原则。其次，在司法实践中，对于双方当事人都无过错的侵权损害，如果没有一个归责原则加以调整，将会使受害人既蒙受损害又须承担全部损失有悖于立法精神。正因为如此，公平责任原则在司法实践中充分体现，不仅符合我国立法精神，是现实的需要。 六、公平责任原则的重要性。 公平是民法的精神，也是合同法的精神。公平原则贯彻于合同的订立、履行。责任的承担等合同关系的始终。以公平责任原则确立双力当事人之间的权利和义务，补救法律规定的不足，使商品经济道德规范进一步法律化，不仅有效地保护当事人的合法权益，又能及时解决纠纷，防止事态扩大和矛盾激化，促进安定团结，稳定社会秩序。实践证明，公平责任原则是我国司法实践的需要，更是广大人民的共同愿望。公平责任原则与过错责任原则、无过错责任原则从不同方面调整着侵权损害中产生的民事法律关系，解决着不同类型的民事法律纠纷，在民事法律关系中有着其重要性。
毕业设计的外文翻译，一般都有涉及专业知识英语，有的确实比较难翻译。个人认为，只要你不是外语专业的，一般的专业应该对外文的翻译要求不会特别严格吧，重点还是要把中文部分的写好呢。我之前用的方法是根据中文编写的毕业设计内容，逐段在线翻译查询加上自身的英语语法理解再仔细推敲每句话的合理性，才翻译成的。需要提醒的是，网上查到的逐句的翻译基本是直译的，比如部分专有名词你会发现直译过来的会让你哭笑不得，你可以多查下专业书的附录，一般后面有附专业名词英文表。基本在线翻译过来的语句很多都得自己根据英语语法等知识再做调整，这也是它比较难的地方。
先看目录，论文在最后会列明参考文献页码，段落，和书籍及作者。如果只想找文献的话把作者和书名记下来，去你学校或当地的图书馆外文书籍在线查询，一般都会有；如果有知网帐号的话也可以查知网（书的话去图书馆，文章的话上知网）。翻译的话，找不到相应的译文本只能自己译或者在线百度，谷歌翻译软件帮助翻译，如果是机器翻译难免出现生硬，建议自己还是要对照原文看一下。
用谷歌在线翻译，您如果需要代找翻译材料并翻译的的话，需要可以加我。支付宝交易，双方放心。
学术文献下载器（)整合汇集中外文献数据库资源，如：ScienceDirect（Elsevier）、Web of Science、SpringerLink、PubMed、Wiley、EI、Taylor & Francis、IEEE、ProQuest等等以及世界顶级知名期刊：nature《自然》、science《科学》、CELL《细胞》、PNAS《美国科学院院报》等等。Elsevier（sciencedirect）是荷兰一家全球著名的学术期刊出版商，每年出版大量的学术图书和期刊，大部分期刊被SCI、SSCI、EI收录，是世界上公认的高品位学术期刊。涉及众多学科：计算机科学、工程技术、能源科学、环境科学、材料科学、数学、物理、化学、天文学、医学、生命科学、商业、及经济管理、社会科学等。Web of Science数据库是国际公认的反映科学研究水准的数据库，其中以SCIE、SSCI、A&HCI等引文索引数据库，JCR期刊引证报告和ESI基本科学指标享誉全球科技和教育界。EI(工程索引 )在全球的学术界、工程界、信息界中享有盛誉，是科技界共同认可的重要检索工具。涉及领域：机械工程、机电工程、船舶工程、制造技术、矿业、冶金、材料工程、金属材料、有色金属、陶瓷、塑料及聚合物工程等。PubMed 是一个免费的搜寻引擎，提供生物医学方面的论文搜寻以及摘要的数据库。它的数据库来源为MEDLINE。提供指向全文提供者（付费或免费）的链接。Wiley 作为全球最大、最全面的经同行评审的科学、技术、医学和学术研究的在线多学科资源平台之一，Wiley Online Library为全学科期刊全文数据库，出版物涵盖学科范围广泛——包括化学、物理学、工程学、农学、兽医学、食品科学、医学、护理学、口腔医学、生命科学等。SpringerLink是全球最大的在线科学、技术和医学(STM)领域学术资源平台。Springer 的电子图书数据库包括各种的Springer图书产品，如专著、教科书、手册、地图集、参考工具书、丛书等。IEEE致力于电气、电子、计算机工程和与科学有关的领域的开发和研究，在太空、计算机、电信、生物医学、电力及消费性电子产品等领域已制定了1300多个行业标准，现已发展成为具有较大影响力的国际学术组织。谷歌学术是一个可以免费搜索外文学术文章的搜索引擎，包括了世界上绝大部分出版的学术期刊， 可广泛搜索学术文献。部分文献可直接下载。Taylor & Francis科技期刊数据库，拥有全球最多社会科学期刊，提供550余种经专家评审的高质量科学与技术类期刊，其中近80%的期刊被Web of Science 收录。该人文社科期刊数据库包含14个学科：人类学、考古学与文化遗产，人文与艺术，商业管理与经济，犯罪学与法学，教育学，地理、城市、规划与环境，图书馆与信息科学，媒体、文化与传播研究，心理健康与社会保健，政治国际关系与区域研究，心理学，社会学及其相关学科，体育、休闲与旅游，策略、防务与安全研究。ProQuest学位论文全文数据库，是将ProQuest公司PQDD文摘库（现名PQDT）中适合中国科研人员科研和教学使用的论文全文建设而成，并向全国百数家科研教学单位的读者提供全文服务。是目前国内最完备、高质量、唯一的可以综合查询国外学位论文全文的数据库。sci-hub免费下载外文文献，但该网站经常换域名，而且没有新文献。
毕业设计外文翻译原文可以去学校图书馆电子资源库找。
一、毕业设计
毕业设计是指工、农、林科高等学校和中等专业学校学生毕业前夕总结性的独立作业。是实践性教学最后一个环节。旨在检验学生综合运用所学理论、知识和技能解决实际问题的能力。在教师指导下，学生就选定的课题进行工程设计和研究，包括设计、计算、绘图、工艺技术、经济论证以及合理化建议等，最后提交一份报告。应尽量选与生产、科学研究任务结合的题目。
二、目的
1、培养学生综合运用所学知识，结合实际独立完成课题的工作能力。
2、对学生的知识面，掌握知识的深度，运用理论结合实际去处理问题的能力，实验能力，外语水平，计算机运用水平，书面及口头表达能力进行考核。
三、要求
1、要求一定要有结合实际的某项具体项目的设计或对某具体课题进行有独立见解的论证，并要求技术含量较高。
2、设计或论文应该在教学计划所规定的时限内完成。
3、书面材料：框架及字数应符合规定。
四、毕业设计的课题可从以下几个方面综合考虑
1、有利于综合学生所学知识。
2、能结合学科特点。
3、尽可能联系实际。
4、有一定的应用价值。
去你们学校网站上进入图书馆的主页，里面找到知网的入口，在里面搜索跟你做的毕业设计相关的关键词，搜索硕士博士论文，下载下来，硕士博士论文的参考文献里引用有外文文献题目（入果想要没被翻译过的，就看文献的发表日期，发表日期越新就越不容易被人翻译过），然后看看你们学校图书馆有没有购买SCI、EI等外文数据库，有的话直接将刚才的外文文献题目复制到外文数据库里，搜索就可以下载了，如果没有购买外文数据库的话，那就试试百度、谷歌等网站上能不能搜到这个题目，或者找外校的同学求助。
在google在线翻译中找，里面没有就找北京译顶科技，人工翻译反而更好
参考文献翻译者放在文献资料下面。格式是：原作者姓，原作者名首字母(原著作出版年)。翻译之后的书名(翻译者名首字母，翻译者姓)。出版地：出版社(翻译本出版年)。参考文献是在学术研究过程中，对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴。征引过的文献在注释中已注明，不再出现于文后参考文献中。
我们学校师兄的作法是把外文和翻译稿放在论文后面，但是不参与论文页码编号另外，外文是老师给的。
应该是在参考文献列表中吧。
摘要英文放在最前面 然后是中文摘要 大段的文章翻译放最后边
以下是些英语论文,你可以参考下:)~~ 英语(科技/经贸英语)毕业论文 英语论文类文章1001篇,里面有很多的:)~ 英文的毕业论文 或:) 英语毕业论文[1829] 毕业论文的引文[208] 毕业论文选题和观点方面的…[139] 毕业论文的评价[83] 教育论文网：）很多的 英语论文：） UMI外文博硕论文库 Springer外文期刊 EBSCO外文期刊 OCLC NetLibrary图书 SPE和SPWLA全文资料下载 万方外文传递系统 西文期刊目次数据库（CCC） 两种外刊在线 美国石油工程师学会(SPE)会议论文 cnpLINKer（中图链接服务） Socolar(教图链接服务） 以上网站也可以找到,只是收费的.
关于如何把论文翻译成英文的问题，强烈推荐使用百度翻译的文档翻译功能，优点如下：第一，速度快，即使是知网上下载的长篇论文也可以快速解锁译文；第二，百度文档翻译有丰富的术语库，可以保证译文的准确性；第三，译文可以在线编辑也可以保存到本地。
毕业设计的外文翻译，一般都有涉及专业知识英语，有的确实比较难翻译。个人认为，只要你不是外语专业的，一般的专业应该对外文的翻译要求不会特别严格吧，重点还是要把中文部分的写好呢。我之前用的方法是根据中文编写的毕业设计内容，逐段在线翻译查询加上自身的英语语法理解再仔细推敲每句话的合理性，才翻译成的。需要提醒的是，网上查到的逐句的翻译基本是直译的，比如部分专有名词你会发现直译过来的会让你哭笑不得，你可以多查下专业书的附录，一般后面有附专业名词英文表。基本在线翻译过来的语句很多都得自己根据英语语法等知识再做调整，这也是它比较难的地方。
major revision 99%等于accept，因为审稿人愿意给你修改机会，基本上证明你的论文没有特别重大的问题。尤其对于我们社科类的学科，本来就没有统一的标准，也没有实验要求，只要能够自圆其说就行。除非自己太作，不回应审稿人的意见。北京译顶科技做的不错，可以联系他们一下 终身满意。
先看目录，论文在最后会列明参考文献页码，段落，和书籍及作者。如果只想找文献的话把作者和书名记下来，去你学校或当地的图书馆外文书籍在线查询，一般都会有；如果有知网帐号的话也可以查知网（书的话去图书馆，文章的话上知网）。翻译的话，找不到相应的译文本只能自己译或者在线百度，谷歌翻译软件帮助翻译，如果是机器翻译难免出现生硬，建议自己还是要对照原文看一下。
以下是些英语论文,你可以参考下:)~~ 英语(科技/经贸英语)毕业论文 英语论文类文章1001篇,里面有很多的:)~ 英文的毕业论文 或:) 英语毕业论文[1829] 毕业论文的引文[208] 毕业论文选题和观点方面的…[139] 毕业论文的评价[83] 教育论文网：）很多的 英语论文：） UMI外文博硕论文库 Springer外文期刊 EBSCO外文期刊 OCLC NetLibrary图书 SPE和SPWLA全文资料下载 万方外文传递系统 西文期刊目次数据库（CCC） 两种外刊在线 美国石油工程师学会(SPE)会议论文 cnpLINKer（中图链接服务） Socolar(教图链接服务） 以上网站也可以找到,只是收费的.
用谷歌在线翻译，您如果需要代找翻译材料并翻译的的话，需要可以加我。支付宝交易，双方放心。
The principle of fairness also said the principles of justice, the principles of justice, fairness principle that the law will always pursue and is pursuing a kind of values, is one of the fundamental principles of civil law. China's "General Principles of Civil Law" in a fair responsibility would like to express provision is made in line with the interests of the community and the broad masses of the people's will and aspirations. "Contract Law" to the principle of equity determine the rights and obligations of the parties, made up for a lack of legislation in China in the field of the market economy has an extremely important role. First, the concept of the principle of fairness and responsibility for the contents include Fair purported fair and reasonable. Fair responsibility principle is that the perpetrator and the victim are not at fault, the fact that damage has occurred in the circumstances, a fair consideration as a value judgment criteria, in accordance with the actual situation and possibilities, from the parties a fair share loss attribution principles. It specifically includes the following aspects: (1) the parties voluntarily, equality, civil Ontology participate in the civil-tim moving to equal opportunities. The two sides equal opportunity to participate in civil activities, the dominant position of equality, freedom of expression means. Not to race. Gender, age, status to the rights and obligations of the two sides. (B) civil entities in the enjoyment of civil rights and obligations of civil commitment to equality, and not显失公平. The establishment of a socialist commodity exchange on the basis of equality, no country has the right not to pay the price obtained free of charge property of others, who do not improper means to be not equivalent to the exchange. "Contract Law" pursuit of the rights and obligations equivalent transactions, in the conclusion of the contract, it was stressed that the two sides equal obligations,显失公平behavior parties can apply for the people's court or arbitration body withdrawn, social morality will permit the parties in the signed contract, only no rights or obligations not only enjoy the right to undertake obligations. Embodied in contract law, namely, the balance of interests as a value judgment to adjust the standard contract between the main commodity exchange, the right to determine their contract obligations. Unequal rights and obligations, the economic damage to the interests of the disadvantaged did not originate from its own strength, but from man-made discrimination, and this is an obvious unfair. On the contrary, the other party by virtue of human factors and not pay the price can get asymmetric interests, this is not only contrary to public morality, but also prohibited by law, it will weaken the damage to the motives for innovation.显失公平that exist between the interests of the parties "significant imbalance", which has destroyed the normal moral standards, contrary to good faith. The principle of equivalence paid, resulting in the loss of the contract according to the requirements necessary for the entry into force of the "fairness" of. (C) civil entities in the civil liabilities to fair and reasonable. Civil legislation to safeguard the principle of fairness, each person entitled to civil rights, regardless of whether fault, as long as there exist facts cause damage, they should share the civil liability according to the actual situation, and shared responsibility to be fair and reasonable, not arbitrary to blindly responsibility and the other party liability relief, not by race, rank all factors. Fully embodies the principle of fairness, so that the parties can achieve genuine equality of opportunity, equal status. The rights and obligations of equality, shared responsibilities fair, reasonable, avoid abuse of the rights and obligations increase. In real terms from the general fair to fair. Second, the principle of the responsibility is different from the fair principle of the responsibility and fault unerring principle of the responsibility of a liability principles. China's civil law system at the same time there are three principles of attribution principle that is at fault. No-fault principle, fair principle of the responsibility. Fair responsibility principle is the principle of an independent attribution. First, it is not from the perpetrator of the psychological state, that is not the perpetrator subjective fault people determine their liability, but based on the concept of socialist ethics and fair people living together rules and requirements. Secondly, the fact that in the event of damage there, according to the property status of the parties and other specific circumstances magistrate. If a housing tenancy will be engaged in operations to B, B in the agreement with the consent of a housing for a certain decoration, the two sides agreed in the agreement: "contract termination, B housing will be returned to the owner within decoration." both parties to fulfill the contract completed, a renovation that B should be free return, and B consider themselves into the housing decoration materials, wages, this should be a price compensation. Both sides have a dispute. The author believes that the imperfections of the contract on the renovation so that the two sides have a major misunderstanding on the return, B the right to apply for the relevant authorities to withdraw this clause. In addition, the market economy, can be embodied in any acts of values, B input materials, provided labor, it should be paid. If returned to a free decoration, it is bound to cause great losses to the B and A does not pay any price to get a substantial interest, which is clearly inequitable. Therefore, B requested a compensation price of the decoration ideas should be supported. Support B at the request of China's civil legislation in line with the spirit of fair is a concrete manifestation of the principle of the responsibility. Third, the equity principle of the responsibility to make up for the shortcomings of tort law, the tort legislation is a development. Fair principle of the responsibility to people living together rules and the fairness of socialist ethics concept to the level of civil legal norms, in line with the broad masses of the people's will, aspirations. The tort theory is the development and perfection. The theory of tort liability for mistakes made in the no-fault principle and the principle of the responsibility arising from the principle of responsibility before the fair. Therefore, the principle of fairness in practice responsibility not fully reflected. This contract resulted in a party irreparable harm facts. For example, A to B to help work for an accident should happen, to a physical injury, from the responsibility of the fault. The two sides were not at fault, it had never had down-fault principle of the responsibility to look at the whole scope, the damage to a only a personal commitment. From the perspective of fairness, according to both property status and other circumstances, a fair and reasonable sharing of responsibilities, the loss will be a relatively reduced, and also embodies the moral aspects of the principle of fairness. There defects in the legislation, often from the moral values of equity, to supplement the inadequate legislation. China's "civil law principle" and "Contract Law" will be fair principle of the responsibility to clear and the principle of fairness as the rights and obligations of the parties premise of the legislation on tort added that development. Fourth, China's civil legislation will be fair principle of the responsibility to determine the liability for an independent principle, the existing legal basis, but also the needs of judicial practice. "General Rules of Civil Law" Section 4 provides that: "the civil activities shall abide by the voluntary, fair, equivalent compensation, a principle of faith." The law also stipulates that显失公平the civil acts, a party may apply for the people's court or arbitration body to repeal or change. "General Rules of Civil Law" Section 132 provides that: "the parties are not at fault caused the damage, according to the actual situation by the parties share the civil liability." "General Rules of Civil Law" Section 133 provides that: "the guardian's responsibility to the guardianship may be appropriately reduce his civil liability." Embodied 132 fair principle of the responsibility. Secondly, in judicial practice, both parties were not at fault tort damages, in the absence of the principle of a liability to be adjusted, so that the victims will not only suffer have to bear all the losses contrary to the spirit of legislation. Precisely for this reason, fairness in the judicial principle of the responsibility to practice fully reflected the spirit of the legislation is not only in our country, is the need of reality. 6, the importance of the principle of fair responsibility. Fair is the spirit of civil law, contract law but also the spirit. In implementing the principle of equity entered into a contract to fulfill. Accountability, and other contractual relationship from start to finish. The principle of the responsibility to establish a fair dual between the parties of the right and obligation to remedy the inadequate legal provisions, so that further legal ethics commodity economy, not only effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests, but also to promptly resolve disputes and prevent the incident from expanding and contradictions sharpening, promoting stability and unity, stability, social order. Practice has proved that the principle of fairness is the responsibility of our judicial practice needs, but also the common aspiration of the majority of the people. Fair fault with the principle of the responsibility to the principle of the responsibility, the principle of no-fault liability adjustment from different aspects of the tort damages arising from civil legal relations and resolving the different types of civil legal disputes in civil legal relations with its importance.公平原则也称公正原则、正义原则、公道原则，是法律始终奉行和追求的一种价值观，也是民法的基本原则之一。我国《民法通则》中对公平责任愿则作了明文规定，符合社会利益和广大人民群众的意志和愿望。《合同法》以公平原则确定各方的权利义务，弥补了我国立法上的不足，在市场经济领域有着极其重要的作用。 一、公平责任原则的概念及包括的内容 公平的本意是公平合理。公平责任原则，是指加害人和受害人都没有过错，在损害事实已经发生的情况下，以公平考虑作为价值判断标准，根据实际情况和可能，由双方当事人公平地分担损失的归责原则。它具体包括以下几方面内容： （一）当事人自愿、平等，民事本体参加民事恬动的机会要均等。双方参加民事活动机会平等，主体地位平等，意思表述自由。不以种族。性别、年龄、地位等来约定双方的权利义务。 （二）民事主体在民事权利的享有和民事义务的承担上要对等，不能显失公平。 社会主义商品交换建立在平等的基础上，谁也无权不付出代价来无偿取得他人财产，谁也不得以不正当的手段谋求不等价的交换。《合同法》追求权利义务的等值交易，在合同订立中，强调双方义务均等，对于显失公平的行为当事人可以申请人民法院或仲裁机构予以撤消，社会道德也不允许当事人在签订合同时，只享有权利不承担义务或者只承担义务而不享受权利。体现在合同法中，就是以利益均衡作为价值判断标准来调整合同主体之间的商品交换关系，确定其合同权利的义务。权利义务不对等时，利益受损方经济上的不利地位并非源自其自身的实力，而是来自人为的歧视，这是明显的不公平。相反，另一方凭借人为因素，不付出代价即可取得不对称利益，这不仅有悖于社会公德，而且也为法律所禁止，更会削弱受损方创新的动因。显失公平使当事人之间的利益存在“重大失衡”，破坏了正常人所具有的道德标准，违背了诚实信用。等价有偿的原则，以致于合同丧失了据以生效所必须要求的“公平”性。 （三）民事主体在承担民事责任上要公平、合理。 为维护民事立法的公平原则，每个享有民事权利的人，不问有无过错，只要有造成损害事实存在，就应当根据实际情况分担民事责任，且分担责任要公平合理，不能盲目地随心所欲地让一方承担责任而另一方减免责任，更不能受种族、级别诸因素的影响。充分体现公平原则，才能使双方当事人真正达到机会平等、地位平等。权利义务平等，分担责任公平、合理，避免权利滥用和义务加重。从一般公平到实质公平。 二、公平责任原则是不同于过错责任原则和无过错责任原则的一个归责原则。 我国民事法律制度中同时存在三个归责原则即过错原则。无过错原则、公平责任原则。公平责任原则是一个独立的归责原则。首先，它不是从行为人的心理状态出发，即不以行为人主观过错人确定其赔偿责任，而是依据社会主义道德的公平观念和人们共同生活规则的要求。其次，在有损害事实发生时，根据双方当事人的财产状况及其他具体情况裁判。如甲将房屋租赁给乙方搞经营，乙方在征得甲的同意后对房屋进行了一定装修，双方协议中约定：“合同终止时，乙方将房屋的内装修返还给甲方。”双方履行完毕合同，甲认为乙的装修应是无偿返还，而乙认为自己装修房屋投入了材料、人工，甲对此应该作价补偿。双方对此产生争执。笔者认为，合同的不完善使双方对装修返还上产生重大误解，乙方有权申请有关机关予以撤消此条款。另外，市场经济中，任何行为都体现价值观念，乙投入材料，提供了劳务，就应该得到报酬。如果装修无偿返还给甲，势必给乙造成很大损失，而甲却不付任何代价就得到一笔可观利益，这明显有失公平。所以，乙要求甲对装修作价补偿的主张应该得到支持。支持乙的请求符合我国民事立法精神，更是公平责任原则的具体体现。 三、公平责任原则弥补了侵权行为法理论的缺陷，是对侵权行为立法的一个发展。 公平责任原则把人们共同生活规则和社会主义道德的公平观念上升为民事法律规范，符合广大人民意志、愿望。也是对侵权法理论的发展和完善。侵权法理论中的过错责任原则及无过错责任原则产生于公平责任原则之前。因此，公平责任原则在实践中不能充分体现。这就导致合同一方当事人发生损害事实时无法弥补。例如甲给乙帮忙干活，因出现意外，使甲人身受到伤害，从过错责任来看。双方均无过错，从无过错责任原则凋整范围看，甲受到的损害只能由甲个人承担。如果从公平角度出发，根据双方的财产状况及其他情况，公平、合理地分担责任，甲的损失就会相对减少，也体现了道德范畴的公平原则。在立法上出现缺陷时，往往是道德观念起衡平作用，以补充立法上的不足。我国《民法原则》及《合同法》将公平责任原则予以明确并将公平原则作为双方当事人权利义务的前提，是对侵权立法的补充、发展。 四、我国民事立法将公平责任原则确定为一个独立的归责原则，既有法律依据，也是司法实践的需要。 《民法通则》第4条规定：“民事活动应当遵循自愿、公平、等价有偿、诚实信用原则”。法律也规定，显失公平的民事行为，一方可以申请人民法院或仲裁机构撤消或变更。《民法通则》第132条规定：“当事人对造成损害都没有过错的，可以根据实际情况，由当事人分担民事责任”。《民法通则》第133条规定：“监护人尽了监护责任的，可以适当减轻他的民事责任”。体现了132条的公平责任原则。其次，在司法实践中，对于双方当事人都无过错的侵权损害，如果没有一个归责原则加以调整，将会使受害人既蒙受损害又须承担全部损失有悖于立法精神。正因为如此，公平责任原则在司法实践中充分体现，不仅符合我国立法精神，是现实的需要。 六、公平责任原则的重要性。 公平是民法的精神，也是合同法的精神。公平原则贯彻于合同的订立、履行。责任的承担等合同关系的始终。以公平责任原则确立双力当事人之间的权利和义务，补救法律规定的不足，使商品经济道德规范进一步法律化，不仅有效地保护当事人的合法权益，又能及时解决纠纷，防止事态扩大和矛盾激化，促进安定团结，稳定社会秩序。实践证明，公平责任原则是我国司法实践的需要，更是广大人民的共同愿望。公平责任原则与过错责任原则、无过错责任原则从不同方面调整着侵权损害中产生的民事法律关系，解决着不同类型的民事法律纠纷，在民事法律关系中有着其重要性。