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编辑审稿与专家审稿是一种主从关系:编辑审稿具有主体性，编辑是职业审稿人角色，是专家审稿人的选择者，是稿件刊用与否的决定者;专家审稿只具有从属性，审稿专家是编外审稿人角色，被动地接受所审稿件，主要对稿件内容作学术评价，没有稿件刊用权，只有有限的稿件否决权。编辑审稿和专家审稿的不同职业角色、作用和任务决定了编辑必须主导审稿的全过程。主导审稿是编辑的职责，编辑应提高专业学识水平，消除过分依赖专家的心理，发挥主体作用，主导稿件评审的全过程，否则，把稿件刊用的决定权完全托付给外审专家，自己反倒成了边缘人，忘记了编辑在审稿中的主体地位，放弃了一名编辑应该承担的义务，有违编辑的职责，无益于学术期刊的审稿工作。基于编辑主导的同行评议制度，才能双剑合壁，最大程度地发挥审稿的作用，只有这样，编辑才能把握审稿工作的主动权。
同行评议，即专家学者对本专业领域的学术成果的评价，包括著述的发表出版、评论、评奖、评职称、论文引用、论文鉴定等。由于学术领域存在着错综复杂的认识关系与利益关系，同行评价往往成为同一范式共同体内部成员的互相吹捧，对范式共同体外部成员进行异体排斥，同行评价和学术水平标准不能划等号。真正衡量学术水平标准的，只能是原创理论与实践检验。
同行评议（peerreview)，从广义上说，是指，某一或若干领域的一些专家共同对涉及上述领域的一项知识产品进行评价的活动。目前国内讨论较多的是狭义的同行评议，即作者投稿以后，由刊物主编或纳稿编辑邀请具有专业知识或造诣的学者，评议论文的学术和文字质量，提出意见和判定，主编按评议的结果决定是否适合在本刊发表。
从审稿程序看，我国出版制度明文规定了三审制，其中，对学术期刊至关重要的是要遵循同行评议原则。同行评议制度源于英国，现在已广泛应用于论文发表、学位论文、课题的立项结项、学术奖励等，成为学术评价的基本方式。同行评议是学术期刊遴选论文、保证并提高学术质量的重要途径，国际上通常将是否同行评议作为学术期刊水平高低的一个标准，尽管同行评议制存在着少数学者滥用权威，存在裙带关系、专业嫉妒、个人偏见和利益冲突等破坏性影响，但它仍然不失为最有效的质量控制手段，人们把同行评审看成研究成果的质量声明。在我国的科技期刊中，同行评议原则基本上得到了落实;在人文社科期刊中，遵循同行评议原则的情况不尽如人意。遵循同行评议原则依靠审稿专家，但并不意味着由审稿专家主导审稿，外审专家只能提供参考意见，不能取舍稿件。
学术期刊的审稿是编辑部根据一定的原则和标准，由编辑和专家审读作者的原稿，对其内容和形式作出评价，据此进行选择的编辑活动。审稿决定着稿件的取舍，事关刊物的质量，是编辑工作的中心环节。审稿原则是学术期刊审稿所遵循的准则，指导着学术期刊的审稿实践，理应对这一基本问题进行梳理和探讨。关于学术期刊的审稿原则，编辑学著作似乎很少论及。《出版专业理论与实务》曾将审稿原则归纳为政治性、思想性、科学性、知识性和独创性，作了较系统的探讨，但并不是专指学术期刊，而且其中的逻辑关系值得探讨。在期刊文献方面，赵连稳提出质量面前人人平等、兼容并包和及时审理三原则，但囿于该文和谐社会视野下的视角，未能全面探讨学术期刊的审稿原则。闰月勤对政治性原则、科学性原则，殷靖华对客观性原则，胡正强对新颖性原则作了论述，同样未能全面探讨学术期刊的审稿原则。孙景峰在质量面前人人平等之外提出的倾斜性原则(向内稿倾斜、向青年作者倾斜等)，在审稿实践中确实存在这样的现象，但将此作为一条指导审稿的原则似乎不妥当。侯宏勋提出宽泛置疑原则，认为编辑需要质疑，审稿当然要质疑，大凡阅读，都应有所质疑，但不宜把质疑作为一项宏观原则来看待。基于上述，笔者拟从审稿程序、审稿者的道德、稿件内容和形式四个方面入手，对学术期刊的审稿原则略作探讨。
同行评议，即专家学者对本专业领域的学术成果的评价，包括著述的发表出版、评论、评奖、评职称、论文引用、论文鉴定等。由于学术领域存在着错综复杂的认识关系与利益关系，同行评价往往成为同一范式共同体内部成员的互相吹捧，对范式共同体外部成员进行异体排斥，同行评价和学术水平标准不能划等号。真正衡量学术水平标准的，只能是原创理论与实践检验。
同行评议（peerreview)，从广义上说，是指，某一或若干领域的一些专家共同对涉及上述领域的一项知识产品进行评价的活动。目前国内讨论较多的是狭义的同行评议，即作者投稿以后，由刊物主编或纳稿编辑邀请具有专业知识或造诣的学者，评议论文的学术和文字质量，提出意见和判定，主编按评议的结果决定是否适合在本刊发表。
据新京报报道，近日，世界知名出版商施普林格的一则声明引发中国学术界轩然大波，声明称撤回107篇涉及“同行评价”造假的论文，而这些论文全部来自中国。
如何发现了这些文章“同行评价”造假?施普林格细胞生物学及生物化学编辑总监彼得·巴特勒(Peter Butler)对新京报记者表示，虚假的“同行评价”等原因曾导致2015年和2016年的论文撤稿，其中涉及期刊Tumor Biology。此后，出版社对相关论文进行筛查，而筛查又查出新的虚假同行评审人。此次撤稿并非是出现新的违规情况，而是Tumor Biology在2016年撤稿后进一步人工核查所发现的结果。
“同行评价”在学术论文的出版中扮演什么的角色?
彼得·巴特勒解释称，学术期刊的确切出版流程会因期刊和出版社不同而有所不同。不过，有一些出版流程在学术出版业内几乎是统一的，例如作者将稿件投给期刊后，会送交同行评审人进行评审。评审人都是相关领域的专家，他们会从各方面对论文的科学严谨性进行评估，如使用的方法、结果和论述等。然后，评审人会提供详细的评审报告，多数情况下这是匿名的，作者并不知道评审人是谁。
彼得·巴特勒表示，同行评审流程是保障科研质量、诚信和可重复性的基石之一。“我们撤销这些受到影响的论文，旨在清除不良的科学记录。”他表示，基于评审人的反馈意见和建议，编辑再决定是否论文可以接收发表。对所有可信的学术期刊而言，同行评审是稿件被接收之前进行的科学审核过程中必不可少的一部分。同时，为作者提供选择，允许其建议同行评审人，这也是学术出版业的惯例。
此次涉事的107篇文章是如何作假的?彼得·巴特勒介绍，论文提交的评审人建议中，使用了评审人的真实姓名，但假冒了其电子邮件地址，这让编辑以为文章发送给了真正的评审人。“在我们与真正的评审人进行调查和沟通之后，他们确认并没有对论文做过评审。”
科技期刊常识中在线同行评议的一般程序是：(1)编辑部对来稿进行一般形式和内容审查后，对审的稿件，由编委或编辑在线选择审稿人，通常选择认为有价值送队以上，也可让作者提供2〜3名推荐审稿人以供参考；同时为了避免由于个人问题产生的审稿不公正，允许作者提供回避审稿人名单。送审方式常为单盲或双盲评审。(2)编委或编辑通过审稿系统或电子邮件邀请审稿人审阅稿件。因为审稿人大多为行业内的专家，具体事务较多，所以应尽可能多找几位审稿专家，邮件征询他们是否有时间、有能力审阅稿件。这一方面是对审稿专家的尊重;另一方面编辑部可尽快掌握稿件是否可以被及时审阅，从而节省稿件的处理时间。如果省略这一过程，直接将审稿通知和稿件一并发送给审稿专家，专家恰巧没时间审阅或者不是其专业范围，就会耽误稿件的处理进程，同时也不利于专家和编辑部交流。(3)当得到审稿专家可以审阅的肯定答复后，再将稿件和相关材料，如文章和相关图表附件、审稿单、审稿方式方法说明、审稿要求等，在线发送给审稿人，以便审稿专家参考。其中，详细的审稿单、审稿方式方法说明、审稿要求是必要的，否则不便于专家掌握科技期刊的要求，影响审稿结果。(4)编辑部应定期通过在线审稿系统或E-mail追踪稿件情况和提醒审稿人审稿。如果审稿人有特殊情况不能完成审稿任务，要及时更换审稿专家，以免延长稿件处理周期。(5)意见返回后，编辑部应对意见进行评价，对于一致的意见，很容易做出决定。但当审稿意见不一致，存在“非共识问题”甚至对立意见时，编辑则需要结合自己的专业知识进行判断;若无把握则需要在线发送给相关专业的编委再行审阅，然后再做退稿、录用、小修后发表、大修并修后再审等。(6)将审稿意见进行归纳整理和适当修改后通过网络投稿系统或E-mail发给作者，应避免透露审稿人信息，删除部分审稿专家贬损或较尖锐且不尽合理的语言和意见等。对于退稿稿件，应鼓励作者继续向科技期刊投递更好的稿件。对于需要作者修改的稿件，应同时发送修改方式方法、修改期限和科技期刊要求，要求作者逐条答复审稿专家意见。(7)根据作者的修改情况，编辑部可决定接受_拒绝，通过投稿系统或E-mail反馈给作者;对没有把握的稿件，可^原审稿人再审，若审稿人认为修改达到要求或言之有理则接受，否则拒绝;如作者对评议意见有异议，则另请其他小同行专家审阅（原审_人不参加），视评审结果而定。
同行评审（Peer review，在某些学术领域亦称 Refereeing, 为一种审查程序，即一位作者的学术著作或计划让同一领域的其他专家学者来加以评审）。在出版单位主要以同行评审的方法来选择与筛选所投送的稿件录取与否，再而资金提供的单位，也是以同行评审的方式来决定研究奖助金是否授予。
“同行评审”是国际流行的期刊审查程序，即把一篇学术著作交由同一领域的其他专家学者加以评审，使之符合一般的科学与学科领域的标准。几乎所有知名期刊都采用“同行评审”
的方式来确保论文的质量，并作为决定稿件录取的重要参考。在一些期刊，评审专家可以由作者本人推荐。
同行评审的程序主要针对的是让作者的著作使之符合一般的科学与学科领域的标准。在许多领域著作的出版或者研究奖金的颁发，如果没有以同行评审的方式来进行就可能比较会遭人物议。
同行评审机制被许多国家视为科研发表的重点，几乎所有的知名期刊都采用同行评审，他们相信透过同行评审可以确保科研发表的质量。
同行评审的其中一个理由是在复杂的工作中难以单凭个别作者或单一研究团队的力量来指出当中所有错误及瑕疵。这不是因为缺憾彷如海底针，而是对于新的兼收并蓄的知识产品来说，某些专家能够发掘改进的机会。因此向他人展示作品能够更容易曝露弱点，获得建议及鼓励而最终得到修正。保持审阅人和被审阅人的身分双向隐密及独立能够有效防止在财政及出版上发生结党营私的问题，以求尽可能诚实的意见与批评。
另外，由于评审人通常都是文章所涉领域里挑选出的专家，同行评审被视为学术研究和创立可靠学识的关键。文章发表后面向的学术界读者只是某个有限领域的专家，他们在某种程度上需要同行评审来保证文章中研究结果的可靠性，然后在这些研究结果的基础之上进行后续或相关的研究活动。因此，如果作者被发现在文章中造假，通常视为重大丑闻，因为许多其他研究者，以及该研究领域本身，已经依赖于这项研究的结果。
如果没有要求你附带查重报告，就没问题。一般会议论文要求不算特别高，重复率20%以内就可以。
也是有论文查重的。论文查重，是把自己写好的论文通过论文检测系统资源库的比对，得出与各大论文库的相似比。
如今对创作的原创性要求越来越高，对知识进行产权法律保护的意识也比以前更强，那么会议论文有查重要求吗？paperfree小编给大家讲解。 一、会议文件有重要要求吗？ 会议论文研究一般企业需要通过公开发表，国内发展会议管理需要我们查重论文，国内会议论文检测方法一般有指定的论文查重检测系统，如果论文重复将标记为红色，然后根据计算重复率，一般引用部分将标记为橙色部分，我们可以比较查重报告了解自己的论文。 二、会议论文查重率要求有哪些 如今，论文需要查重和检测，会议论文也需要公开发表。因此，对会议论文的重复率有一定的要求。一般企业而言，会议进行论文查重率不能超过30%，才能正常发表。超过30％的论文不合格，不能发表。就核心会议论文而言，审查率是严格的，通常要求发表的审查率不超过10% 。如果普通会议论文查重不合格，很容易被视为无效稿件，不能再发表。因此，在发表论文之前，先查重论文，然后更改不合格部分，以免无法发表。
会议论文有查重的要求吗，一般是不涉及抄袭的。但如果发现查处抄袭，则会出具撤销学位、记入诚信档案等材料。2）篡改他人研究成果、伪造或剽窃。这样的情况非常罕见：如果你实在无法调查核实，那么你可以随时找到证据，举报告里也会提示，即使是从原著中抄袭了很长的段落，但是为了避免抄袭，你也得学习语句。2）伪造。这包括将两个独立的研究对象或工具进行实质性复制。比如说，利用自己已经通过实验发现的数值，然后对这些数值进行分析，得出了新的结果（还需要将几种数据进行对比）；对于历史的方式和理论上前所未有的方式进行研究。3）重复或做大量标注。只要你的论文没有公开发表，就算是自我剽窃，那么也应该在参考文献中列注出来。4）篡改。这种细节上的差别主要体现在：1）引言的数目或内容与自己想法的相关性度不同。5.研究意义。1篇好的学术论文通常是针对某个课题的研究展开的，因此，要明白研究意义就显得有充分意义，否则，不能够很好解决你今天认为不合规范的问题。6研究方法。很多人都在谈论如何选择研究方法以至如何去收集数据资料，如何整理数据，如何表达逻辑，这些都是大家在论文研究领域遇到的一个问题，这要看专业的老师对于你的专业修养和学术素养，因此一定要好好斟酌哦！首先，你要确认自己研究领域属于哪一个领域，在该领域没有权威性的话语，或者说你的研究方法并不适用于你所从事的领域。如果你的论文研究的内容就像是一棵树，那么请确保它与你正在研究的相关度较高、价值也小的地方。比如社会心理学，可能会更偏重解决某些人口成为的问题。然后就是通过文献综述来发现当前研究中存在的种种问题或线索，现有研究可能还需要弥补其他相关方面的空白，即进行再次研究，这样才能找到研究的切入点。（学生工作部）学生工作部王浩航，女，中共党员，毕业于华东师范大学。曾获得校级以上优秀教学团干称号。担任班长、团委副书记一职一年半，参加班级工商管理专业学习
摘要：规范英语论文的格式,使之与国际学术惯例接轨,对我们从事英语教学,英语论文写作,促进国际学术交流都具有重要意义。 语言和内容是评判一篇英语论文质量高低的重要依据；但是,写作格式规范与否亦是一个不可忽略的衡量标准。因此,规范英语论文的格式,使之与国际学术惯例接轨,对我们从事英语教学,英语论文写作,促进国际学术交流都具有重要意义。由于英语论文写作规范随学科不同而各有所异,本文拟就人文类学科英语论文的主要组成部分,概述美国教育界、学术界通行的人文类英语论文写作规范,以供读者参考、仿效。 一、英语论文的标题 一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为(论文其他部分行距同此)。 就学生而言,如果英语论文篇幅较短,亦可不做标题页(及提纲页),而将标题页的内容打在正文第一页的左上方。第一行为作者姓名,与打印纸顶端距离约为,以下各行依次为教师学衔和姓、课程编号(或名称)及日期；各行左边上下对齐,并留出左右的页边空白(下同)。接下来便是论文标题及正文(日期与标题之间及标题与正文第一行之间只需隔行打印,不必留出更多空白)。 二、英语论文提纲 英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母；处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。三、英语论文正文 有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码；阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。四、英语论文的文中引述 正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节；既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 （即英语论文参考文献）的规范性。引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。目前美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。现针对文中引述的不同情况,将部分规范格式分述如下。 1、若引文不足三行,则可将引文有机地融合在论文中。如:The divorce of Arnold's personal desire from his inheritance results in “the familiar picture of Victorian man alone in an alien universe”(Roper9). 这里,圆括弧中的Roper为引文作者的姓(不必注出全名)；阿拉伯数字为引文出处的页码(不要写成)；作者姓与页码之间需空一格,但不需任何标点符号；句号应置于第二个圆括弧后。 2、被引述的文字如果超过三行,则应将引文与论文文字分开。 需要加以注意。一是引文各行距英语论文的左边第一个字母十个空格,即应从第十一格打起；二是引文不需加引号,末尾的句号应标在最后一个词后。 3、如需在引文中插注,对某些词语加以解释,则要使用方括号(不可用圆括弧)。 值得注意的是,本例中引文作者的姓已出现在引导句中,故圆括弧中只需注明引文出处的页码即可。 4、如果拟引用的文字中有与论文无关的词语需要删除,则需用省略号。如果省略号出现在引文中则用三个点,如出现在引文末,则用四个点,最后一点表示句号,置于第二个圆括弧后(一般说来,应避免在引文开头使用省略号)；点与字母之间,或点与点之间都需空一格。 5、若引文出自一部多卷书,除注明作者姓和页码外,还需注明卷号。 圆括弧里的1为卷号,小写罗马数字i为页码,说明引文出自第1卷序言(引言、序言、导言等多使用小写的罗马数字标明页码)。此外,书名 A History of English Literature 下划了线；规范的格式是:书名,包括以成书形式出版的作品名(如《失乐园》)均需划线,或用斜体字；其他作品,如诗歌、散文、短篇小说等的标题则以双引号标出,如“To Autumn”及前面出现的“Democratic Vistas”等。 6、如果英语论文中引用了同一作者的两篇或两篇以上的作品,除注明引文作者及页码外,还要注明作品名。 7、评析诗歌常需引用原诗句,其引用格式如下例所示。 When Beowulf dives upwards through the water and reaches the surface,“The surging waves, great tracts of water, / were all cleansed...”(). 这里,被引用的诗句以斜线号隔开,斜线号与前后字母及标点符号间均需空一格；圆括弧中小写的1是line的缩写；21不必写成1621。如果引用的诗句超过三行,仍需将引用的诗句与论文文字分开(参见第四项第2点内容)。五、英语论文的文献目录 论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited, 其格式须注意下列几点: 1、目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。 2、目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码；如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为；各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为,不必留出更多空白。 3、各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等；各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。 4、各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。
Dear Editors:We would like to submit the enclosed manuscript entitled “Paper Title”, whichwe wish to be considered for publication in “Journal Name”. No conflict ofinterest exits in the submission of this manuscript, and manuscript is approvedby all authors for publication. I would like to declare on behalf of myco-authors that the work described was original research that has not beenpublished previously, and not under consideration for publication elsewhere, inwhole or in part. All the authors listed have approved the manuscript that this work, we evaluated …… (简要介绍一下论文的创新性). I hope this paper issuitable for “Journal Name”.The following is a list of possible reviewers for your consideration:1) Name A E-mail: ××××@××××2) Name B E-mail: ××××@××××We deeply appreciate your consideration of our manuscript, and we look forwardto receiving comments from the reviewers. If you have any queries, please don’thesitate to contact me at the address you and best sincerely,××××××Corresponding author: Name: ×××E-mail: ××××@××××参考：查尔斯沃思论文润色小贴士
下面是关于学术论文英文摘要模板，希望对你们有帮助。
Abstract
Since Dewey developed the concept of “critical thinking”, many scholars abroadhave carried out a series of studies about improving students' critical thinking skills ineducation field. In the 1980s,critical thinking became the target of higher educationprograms in such foreign countries as the US and Canada. It has gained its widespreadattention in China only in recent years. But there are only few studies about it ineducation field. Our traditional English teaching method pays much attention to thetraining of students' linguistic knowledge and language skills but ignores thecultivation of students' critical thinking abilities. In the process of skill practice,teachers often stress the importance of memorizing vocabulary and imitating skillsrigidly,but neglect the students' abilities in analyzing problems and putting forwardinnovative solutions. Therefore, English writing teaching is affected by this andmerely attaches emphasis to train students' reading and writing skills. There are fewstudies which aim at systematically cultivating students' analysis, synthesis, summary,comparison and reasoning skills while they are writing. Therefore,this study aims atdesigning some writings tasks and teaching strategies which can be used to fostercollege students' critical thinking awareness and promote students' all-rounddevelopment.
According to six critical thinking skills,this study was carried out by requiringstudents to hand in an argumentation. All participants in this study are non-Englishmajor college freshmen from a 211 key university. The revised version of Rubric forQualitative Critical Thinking Skills Instrument was used in this study. Withquantitative and qualitative analysis,writing experiment is conducted within a wholesemester to collect data concerning students' learning behavior. Reading-to-write isused in experimental class while traditional method is adopted in control class. Thewriting scores by the experimental and control class were statistically processed bysoftware SPSS . And also the interview was launched in some of students inexperimental class to assess students' critical thinking abilities reflected in theirwritings-The final analysis indicated that EGAP writing model exerted a significantlypositive influence in improving students' critical thinking skills, especially in arousingstudents' writing enthusiasm and critical thinking awareness. Compared with controlclass, students in experimental class made big progress in writing competence. Inaddition, this study put forward some reform proposals to the teaching of Englishwriting. The study is of great value to instruct students to employ critical thinkingskills in their writing.
Abstract
A large body of research has been conducted on the effects of technology-enhancedEnglish vocabulary learning since the 1960s (Marty, 1981)。 However, no consensus hasbeen reached yet (Choo, Lin, & Pandian,2012; Mohsen & Balakumarohsen, 2011)。
Despite the fact that some narrative reviews have evaluated and explored thesecontradictory results, this study aims at quantifying the overall effectiveness oftechnology-enhanced English vocabulary learning with a different approach to review:meta-analysis and performing in-depth moderator analyses of learning method and testtype further.
Totally, twenty effect sizes from thirteen pieces of primary research are obtainedafter collecting related literature published or unpublished in recent ten years via fourchannels and selecting through three filters. Later, all the primary research is coded anddata are computed in random-effects model with software ComprehensiveMeta-Analysis.
Results show that: (1) Technology has a positively large effect on Englishvocabulary learning according to Cohen's standards as proposed in 1992 (g = 95% confidential interval of [, ])。 (2) Learning methods (intentional learning,incidental learning, and integrated learning) have impacts on the overall effectiveness.
Heterogeneity exists in the three learning methods (g = = 0,01 < )，Effectiveness of intentional learning, incidental learning and integrated learning is ^ =, g 二 , g = respectively. Incidental learning under technology-enhancedenvironment yields the largest effectiveness on English vocabulary learning. (3) Testtypes (recognition tests, recall tests,recognition + recall tests) also have impacts on theoverall effectiveness. The three test types are heterogeneous as well {Q = , p = < )。 Recognition tests, recall tests, and recognition + recall tests have effectsizes of and respectively. Technology-enhanced English vocabularylearning achieves the largest effectiveness in recognition tests.
Abstract
The present study, which is based on the Competing Values Framework (. CVF:a framework to identify the organizational effectiveness and to define organizationalculture)， aims to investigate English teachers, teaching motivation at universities, theirperception of the organizational culture in the target university,their professionalaspiration and how they affect each other. The research questions to be addressed are asfollows: (1) How do the English teachers perceive the organizational culture at theirworkplace? (2) How much effort will the teachers pay for their professionalengagement and aspiration? (3) What kinds of motivation do the English teachers in thetarget university appear to have? (4) How will the organizational culture and theprevious experience affect teachers' motivation?
This study employed four different questionnaires as the research instruments,including one demographic questionnaire and three research questionnaires, . thedemographic questionnaire, the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (. theOCAI) (Cameron & Quinn, 1999)，the Professional Engagement and CareerDevelopment Aspiration-scale (. the PECDA-scale) (Watt & Richardson, 2008b)，andthe Work Tasks Motivation Scale for Teachers Teaching (. the WTMST) (Fernet et al.,2008)，to investigate the above mentioned research questions. The whole investigationtook roughly 12 weeks and involved three stages: the preparation stage,the pilot study,and the main study.
The findings of the present study show that most of the teachers are intrinsicallymotivated and with identified regulation influenced by the performance culture and theclan culture which are the dominant culture types of the target research site. Results alsoindicate that the overseas experience and length of teaching experience affect teachers'perception of tixe organizational culture and motivation. The participants who haveoverseas experience tend to be more with the sense of professionalism, moreintrinsically motivated and be more confident with their competence in the academicarea; and the ones who have longer years of teaching experience are with moreidentified regulation and introjected motivation and are more committed and moreassured of staying in the education field. The participants in the target universitybasically belong to the highly engaged persisters,and the male teachers expect to be theleadership.
Abstract
Owing to the economic, social and academic needs as well as the advantages of EGAP(General Academic Purpose in Chinese College English) itself, there exist 这 great deal ofnecessity and feasibility for applying English for EGAP class. It is our understanding thatwriting plays an extremely important role in the course of EGAP and genre is a quiteinfluential factor in improving students5 writing competency. However,the investigation ofstudents' current writing situation shows that being deeply influenced by traditional writingteaching methods which emphasize grammar and vocabulary; the students have littleknowledge about genre approach theoretically or systematically and lack the awareness ofgenre. Because of this,it becomes necessary to put forward an English writing teachingapproach which is effective as well as applicable to the situation in China so as to enhancetheir writing competence.
This paper firstly gives a brief introduction to the developing trend of EGAP bydiscussing its necessity and applicability in China and the main views of two schools of genretheory, the tiieoretical foundation and genre-based approaches of three main schools of genrestudy and practice. And also,their characteristics are compared and the adaptability inChinese College EGAP class is analyzed, based on which it puts forward a modifiedGenre-based approach in EGAP writing class in order to enhance students' genre awarenessand improve their writing skills.
To achieve this, two non-English major classes of freshmen in East China University ofScience and Technology (ECUST) have been selected as the experimental class andcontrolled class, and the research lasts one semester. The Genre-based approach is applied inthe experimental class following a modified Genre-based approach. And a comparison hasbeen made on the same subject at the beginning and the end of the semester and thecomparison and contrast between the experimental class and controlled class have also beenmade. Owing to various factors,such as learning motivation, different students show variedextent of acceptance to certain teaching approaches. Therefore, emphasis has not only beenput on the overall changes,but also on the individual differences.
There are three hypotheses:
1. Can Genre-based approach enhance students' genre awareness? 2. Can “genreawareness” really improve students' writing ability in EGAP? If the students can get overallimprovement, is there any difference in gender and the students with diverse learningaptitudes because of the individual difference? If some students fail to improve, what's thepossible reason behind it? 3. Will Chinese students accept and adapt to Genre-basedApproach?
Three sets of data from six writing assignments, writing in final-term examination andquestionnaires are collected and analyzed with the help of the software SPSS . And thestudy indicates that: (1) Genre-based approach has a significant effect in sensitizing students'genre awareness, improving holistic writing competence; (2) during the whole experimentalprocess, girls have a stable superiority over boys, however, boys' improvement fluctuation iscomparatively obvious; (3) students of medium efficiency have the greatest potential to makebig improvement; (4) Unavoidably, in this research there are some students who fail to gainimprovement in terms of writing ability or get changed in terms of writing notions, andthrough analysis it has been found that the main objective reasons are: the difficulty ofwriting itself,the differences of culture and ways of thinking between east and west,thelimited teaching period, etc.; and subjective reasons mainly come from: the limitedcompetence of students themselves, the lack of interest in English writing, etc(5) aoverwhelming majority of students are liable to accept this approach and able to adapt to itpretty well, yet acceptation is not absolutely accompanied by adaptation; (6) feedback is adispensable part in English writing teaching, and more specific feedback will bring strongermotivation in students' self-correcting and developing;In the end,the author presents some limitations in her research and hopes that this cangive some hints and tips to further research in EFL writing classes.
Abstract
In college English listening & speaking classrooms, language and other semioticsystems cooperate together to help students construct meaning. It can be reflected inthe design of textbooks and the use of audios, videos and images, etc. Thus, in thisthesis, the theoretical foundation is the theory of multimodal discourse analysis (MDA)derived from Systemic Functional Linguistics and Social Semiotics. The essence ofMDA is that other semiotic resources such as: images, audios, etc. are as important aslanguage in the meaning-making system. Visual Grammar, Acoustical Grammar andthe integrated frameworks of MDA are the main analysis approaches in this thesis.
Meanwhile, the results of the teaching investigation and the MDA for textbooksare the practical foundation for the multimodal teaching design, providing feasibleand effective suggestions in this thesis. According to the results, it can be concludedthat students have more or less realized multimodality in this course and argue thatmultimodality should be used in moderation; multimodal classroom activities, socialcontent, etc. should be brought into the class; teachers should remind students to payattention to images, fonts change and other multimodal factors in textbooks.
Therefore, when conducting the multimodal teaching design, attention should bepaid to: (1) Modalities influence each other with clear priorities in this course. (2)Words modality and acoustical modality are the primary modalities, while othermodalities are just used as tools to provide supplementary information and to improveteaching efficiency. (3) The chosen modalities should provide supplementaryinformation to make the learning material more easily understood and help studentsconcentrate. Then, on the basis of the above principles and the writer's teachingexperience, a sample teaching design has been worked out, then its' feasibility andeffectiveness have been verified by an empirical study with the method of interview.
Abstract
Degree adverbs play a crucial role in daily language communication. However,owing to their wide varieties and similar meanings, it is hard for language learners toreally master their meanings and usages.
With the aid of AntConc and based on the corpora of FROWN (TheFreiburg-Brown Corpus of American English)，FLOB (The Freiburg-LOB Corpus ofBritish English) and CLEC (Chinese Learner English Corpus)， the study aims tocompare the actual use of common English degree adverbs in terms of semanticprosody between Chinese EFL learners and native English speakers. The researchprocedures consist of two steps. First, AntConc is launched to extractconcordance lines of the target node words in each corpus and the semantic featuresof the node words' collocates are analyzed; then, the semantic prosodies of these nodewords are summarized and comparisons are made between the two corpora.
The results indicate that there are differences as well as similarities betweennative English speakers and Chinese learners in their use of semantic prosody.
Chinese EFL learners tend to underuse the negative semantic prosodies of fairly,highly, and totally?,overuse the negative semantic prosodies of extremely; and misusethe semantic prosody of terribly. The results also show that some problems exist inChinese learners' use of semantic prosodies of degree adverbs, and the reasons mayinclude their first language transfer, intralingual transfer, and the lack of informationabout the semantic prosody in dictionaries and textbooks.
硕士学位论文评议书，要不要放进毕业研究生的档案。
以长江大学为例，根据《长江大学研究生档案管理办法（暂行）》：
毕业研究生的存档档案包括研究生成绩单、学位申请及评定书、学术评议书、答辩材料、学位论文等材料，统一由学校档案馆作为永久资料保存。各学院在毕业生答辩结束后安排专人对存档档案进行整理，装订成册后直接移交给学校档案馆。
扩展资料：
硕士学位论文评议书在申请博士时，也会用到，比如兰州财经大学博士报名时的提交材料：
1、网上报名成功后，自行打印《博士学位研究生网上报名信息简表》一份，表中“考生所在单位人事部门意见”栏内，须经单位负责人签字并加盖人事部门公章（应届考生盖研究生教育管理部门公章，未就业的往届生盖档案管理部门公章）。
2、身份证原件、复印件(1份)。
3、往届生提交硕士毕业证书、学位证书原件及复印件（1份）、学信网生成的《教育部学历证书电子注册备案表》(1份)。
应届硕士毕业生提供研究生证原件及复印件(1份)和学信网《教育部学籍在线验证报告》(1份)， 其硕士毕业证书、学位证书须在入学前补验。
境外获得学位证书者交学位证书原件及复印件(1份)及教育部留学服务中心的认证报告书原件及复印件(1份)。
4、两名所报考学科专业领域教授（或相当专业技术职称人员）的书面推荐意见。
5、硕士阶段课程成绩单（需由研究生培养部门提供并加盖公章，或从本人档案管理部门复印并加盖公章）。
6、《硕士学位论文评议书》2份（已获硕士学位人员在本人人事档案中复印并加盖档案管理部门公章）
参考资料来源：长江大学研究生院——长江大学研究生档案管理办法
我做过研究生论文,我不知道你这种情况,但是我们没有,但有一个原创性声明的签字
学士学位证书没有明确规定要不要盖学校公章，有的盖了，有的没盖，都是一样的有效
学位证书不盖学校章。原因在于学位的授予来自高校学位委员会。该委员会为学术机构，名义上与高校行政系统相互独立，并不属于高校行政系统。因此，学位证不加盖学校公章。