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在30%以上就是要重查的，也称为不合格。
每所大学都要求毕业生完成专业论文，集中体现学生自身的学术水平和解决专业问题的能力，因此查重毕业论文也很严格，不仅指导老师不断查重论文，提出相关意见，还需要查重论文的原创度。影响论文重复率的因素之一是检测范围，本科毕业设计需要查重什么？ 本科毕业论文需要计算重复率的有中英文摘要和正文部分，其他段落性部分根据具体要求上传和计算，论文封面、目录、脚注、照片、参考文献等内容不会被论文查重系统计算为重复率。 摘要部分是本文的客观总结部分，简洁总结文章的主要内容，用简单的语言表达论文的研究方法、对象、目的、背景和结论即可。其中不能出现主观表现。例如，不能出现作者、本文、我想等内容。首先讨论研究背景、意义是目的，然后写主要的研究内容，最后写结论，字数在500字以内，最多不能超过1000字，只要用一段来表现即可。本文可以根据以前的大纲填写内容，也可以根据以上的内容进行修改，表明观点后，论证过程必须围绕观点进行。
毕业论文查重需要将论文提交到PaperPP论文查重系统，等待10-30分钟左右会有一份查重报告出来，上面会有你论文详细的重复率和重复位置，有这个查重报告就算你的论文查过重了。
1、知网学位论文检测为整篇上传，格式对检测结果可能会造成影响，需要将最终交稿格式提交检测，将影响降到最小，此影响为几十字的小段可能检测不出。对于3万字符以上文字较多的论文是可以忽略的。对比数据库为：中国学术期刊网络出版总库，中国博士学位论文全文数据库/中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库，国重要会议论文全文数据库，中国重要报纸全文数据库，中国专利全文数据库，个人比对库，其他比对库。部分书籍不在知网库，检测不到。2、上传论文后，系统会自动检测该论文的章节信息，如果有自动生成的目录信息，那么系统会将论文按章节分段检测，否则会自动分段检测。3、有部分同学反映说自己在段落中明明引用或者抄袭了其他文献的段落或句子，为什么没有检测出来，这是正常的。中国知网对该套检测系统的灵敏度设置了一个阀值，该阀值为5%，以段落计，低于5%的抄袭或引用是检测不出来的，这种情况常见于大段落中的小句或者小概念。举个例子：假如检测段落1有10000字，那么引用单篇文献500字以下，是不会被检测出来的。实际上这里也告诉同学们一个修改的方法，就是对段落抄袭千万不要选一篇文章来引用，尽可能多的选择多篇文献，一篇截取几句，这样是不会被检测出来的。4、一篇论文的抄袭怎么才会被检测出来?知网论文检测的条件是连续13个字相似或抄袭都会被红字标注，但是必须满足3里面的前提条件：即你所引用或抄袭的A文献文字总和在你的各个检测段落中要达到5%。以上就是小编关于毕业论文查重原理的内容分享，希望对你们有所帮助!想要了解更多论文写作相关内容，请关注本平台，小编将进行及时的整理并发布在本平台上，大家注意查看!
The Scarlet Letter, published in 1850, is an American novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne and is generally considered to be his magnum opus. Set in 17th-century Puritan Boston, it tells the story of Hester Prynne, who gives birth after committing adultery, refuses to name the father, and struggles to create a new life of repentance and dignity. Throughout the novel, Hawthorne explores questions of grace, legalism, sin and guilt.[edit] Plot summaryThe Scarlet Letter. Painting by T. H. Matteson. This 1860 oil-on-canvas was made under Hawthorne's personal Scarlet Letter. Painting by T. H. Matteson. This 1860 oil-on-canvas was made under Hawthorne's personal supervision.[1]The novel begins in 17th-century Boston, Massachusetts, then a Puritan settlement. A young woman, Hester Prynne, is led from the town prison with her infant daughter in her arms and the scarlet letter “A” on her bosom. The scarlet letter "A" represents the act of adultery that she has committed and it is to be a symbol of her sin – a badge of shame – for all to see. A man in the crowd tells an elderly onlooker that Hester is being punished for adultery. Hester's husband, who is much older than she is, sent her ahead to America while he settled some affairs in Europe. However, her husband never arrived in Boston. The consensus is that he has been lost at sea. While waiting for her husband, Hester has apparently had an affair, as she has given birth to a child. She will not reveal her lover’s identity, however, and the scarlet letter, along with her public shaming, is her punishment for her sin and her secrecy. On this day Hester is led to the town scaffold and harangued by the town fathers, but she again refuses to identify her child’s father.[1]The elderly onlooker is Hester’s missing husband, who is now practicing medicine and calling himself Roger Chillingworth. He settles in Boston, intent on revenge. He reveals his true identity to no one but Hester, whom he has sworn to secrecy. Several years pass. Hester supports herself by working as a seamstress, and Pearl (her daughter) grows into a willful, impish child, who is more of a symbol than an actual character, said to be the scarlet letter come to life as both Hester's love and her punishment. Shunned by the community, they live in a small cottage on the outskirts of Boston. Community officials attempt to take Pearl away from Hester, but, with the help of Arthur Dimmesdale, an eloquent minister, the mother and daughter manage to stay together. Dimmesdale, however, appears to be wasting away and suffers from mysterious heart trouble, seemingly caused by psychological distress. Chillingworth attaches himself to the ailing minister and eventually moves in with him so that he can provide his patient with round-the-clock care. Chillingworth also suspects that there may be a connection between the minister’s torments and Hester’s secret, and he begins to test Dimmesdale to see what he can learn. One afternoon, while the minister sleeps, Chillingworth discovers something undescribed to the reader, supposedly an "A" burned into Dimmesdale's chest, which convinces him that his suspicions are correct.[1]Dimmesdale’s psychological anguish deepens, and he invents new tortures for himself. In the meantime, Hester’s charitable deeds and quiet humility have earned her a reprieve from the scorn of the community. One night, when Pearl is about seven years old, she and her mother are returning home from a visit to the deathbed of John Winthrop when they encounter Dimmesdale atop the town scaffold, trying to punish himself for his sins. Hester and Pearl join him, and the three link hands. Dimmesdale refuses Pearl’s request that he acknowledge her publicly the next day, and a meteor marks a dull red “A” in the night sky. It is interpreted by the townsfolk to mean Angel, as a prominent figure in the community had died that night, but Dimmesdale sees it as meaning Adultery. Hester can see that the minister’s condition is worsening, and she resolves to intervene. She goes to Chillingworth and asks him to stop adding to Dimmesdale’s self-torment. Chillingworth refuses. She suggests that she may reveal his identity to Dimmesdale.[1]Hester arranges an encounter with Dimmesdale in the forest because she is aware that Chillingworth knows that she plans to reveal his identity to Dimmesdale, and she wishes to protect him. While walking through the forest, the sun will not shine on Hester, though Pearl can bask in it. They then wait for Dimmesdale, and he arrives. The former lovers decide to flee to Europe, where they can live with Pearl as a family. They will take a ship sailing from Boston in four days. Both feel a sense of release, and Hester removes her scarlet letter and lets down her hair. The sun immediately breaks through the clouds and trees to illuminate her release and joy. Pearl, playing nearby, does not recognize her mother without the letter. She is unnerved and expels a shriek until her mother points out the letter on the ground. Hester beckons Pearl to come to her, but Pearl will not go to her mother until Hester buttons the letter back onto her dress. Pearl then goes to her mother. Dimmesdale gives Pearl a kiss on the forehead, which Pearl immediately tries to wash off in the brook, because he again refuses to make known publicly their relationship. However, he too clearly feels a release from the pretense of his former life, and the laws and sins he has lived day before the ship is to sail, the townspeople gather for a holiday and Dimmesdale preaches his most eloquent sermon ever. Meanwhile, Hester has learned that Chillingworth knows of their plan and has booked passage on the same ship. Dimmesdale, leaving the church after his sermon, sees Hester and Pearl standing before the town scaffold. He impulsively mounts the scaffold with his lover and his daughter, and confesses publicly, exposing the mark supposedly seared into the flesh of his chest. He falls dead just after Pearl kisses him.[1]Frustrated in his revenge, Chillingworth dies a year later. Hester and Pearl leave Boston, and no one knows what has happened to them. Many years later, Hester returns alone, still wearing the scarlet letter, to live in her old cottage and resume her charitable work. She receives occasional letters from Pearl, who was rumored to have married an European aristocrat and established a family of her own. Pearl also inherits all of Chillingworth's money even though he knows she is not his daughter. There is a sense of liberation in her and the townspeople, especially the women, who had finally begun to forgive Hester of her tragic indiscretion. When Hester dies, she is buried in "a new grave near an old and sunken one, in that burial ground beside which King's Chapel has since been built. It was near that old and sunken grave, yet with a space between, as if the dust of the two sleepers had no right to mingle. Yet one tombstone served for both." The tombstone was decorated with a letter "A", and it was used for Hester and Dimmesdale.[edit] Major themesNathaniel HawthorneNathaniel Hawthorne[edit] SinSin and knowledge are linked in the Judeo-Christian tradition. The Bible begins with the story of Adam and Eve, who were expelled from the Garden of Eden for eating from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. As a result of their knowledge, Adam and Eve are made aware of their disobedience, that which separates them from the divine and from other creatures. Once expelled from the Garden of Eden, they are forced to toil and to procreate – two “labors” that seem to define the human condition. The experience of Hester and Dimmesdale recalls the story of Adam and Eve because, in both cases, sin results in expulsion and suffering. But it also results in knowledge – specifically, in knowledge of what it means to be human. For Hester, the scarlet letter functions as “her passport into regions where other women dared not tread,” leading her to “speculate” about her society and herself more “boldly” than anyone else in New England.[2]As for Dimmesdale, the “cheating minister” of his sin gives him “sympathies so intimate with the sinful brotherhood of mankind, so that his heart vibrate[s] in unison with theirs.” His eloquent and powerful sermons derive from this sense of empathy.[2] The narrative of the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is quite in keeping with the oldest and most fully authorized principles in Christian thought. His "Fall" is a descent from apparent grace to his own damnation; he appears to begin in purity. He ends in corruption. The subtlety is that the minister is his own deceiver, convincing himself at every stage of his spiritual pilgrimage that he is saved.[3]The rosebush, its beauty a striking contrast to all that surrounds it – as later the beautifully embroidered scarlet A will be – is held out in part as an invitation to find “some sweet moral blossom” in the ensuing, tragic tale and in part as an image that “the deep heart of nature” (perhaps God) may look more kindly on the errant Hester and her child (the roses among the weeds) than do her Puritan neighbors. Throughout the work, the nature images contrast with the stark darkness of the Puritans and their systems.[4]Chillingworth’s misshapen body reflects (or symbolizes) the evil in his soul, which builds as the novel progresses, similar to the way Dimmesdale's illness reveals his inner turmoil. The outward man reflects the condition of the heart.[4]Although Pearl is a complex character, her primary function within the novel is as a symbol. Pearl herself is the embodiment of the scarlet letter, and Hester rightly clothes her in a beautiful dress of scarlet, embroidered with gold thread, just like the scarlet letter upon Hester's bosom. [2] Parallels can be drawn between Pearl and the character Beatrice in Rappaccini's Daughter. Both are studies in the same direction, though from different standpoints. Beatrice is nourished upon poisonous plants, until she herself becomes poisonous. Pearl, in the mysterious prenatal world, imbibes the poison of her parents' guilt.[edit] Past and presentThe clashing of past and present is explored in various ways. For example, the character of the old General, whose heroic qualities include a distinguished name, perseverance, integrity, compassion, and moral inner strength, is said to be “the soul and spirit of New England hardihood.” Now put out to pasture, he sometimes presides over the Custom House run by corrupt public servants, who skip work to sleep, allow or overlook smuggling, and are supervised by an inspector with “no power of thought, nor depth of feeling, no troublesome sensibilities,” who is honest enough but without a spiritual compass.[4]Hawthorne himself had ambivalent feelings about the role of his ancestors in his life. In his autobiographical sketch, Hawthorne described his ancestors as “dim and dusky,” “grave, bearded, sable-cloaked, and steel crowned,” “bitter persecutors” whose “better deeds” would be diminished by their bad ones. There can be little doubt of Hawthorne’s disdain for the stern morality and rigidity of the Puritans, and he imagined his predecessors’ disdainful view of him: unsuccessful in their eyes, worthless and disgraceful. “A writer of story books!” But even as he disagrees with his ancestor’s viewpoint, he also feels an instinctual connection to them and, more importantly, a “sense of place” in Salem. Their blood remains in his veins, but their intolerance and lack of humanity becomes the subject of his novel.[4][edit] Public responseThe Scarlet Letter was published in the spring of 1850 by Ticknor & Fields, beginning Hawthorne's most lucrative period.[5] When he delivered the final pages to James Thomas Fields in February 1850, Hawthorne said that "some portions of the book are powerfully written" but doubted it would be popular.[6] In fact, the book was an instant best-seller[7] though, over fourteen years, it brought its author only $1,500.[5] Its initial publication brought wide protest from natives of Salem, who did not approve of how Hawthorne had depicted them in his introduction "The Custom-House". A 2,500-copy second edition of The Scarlet Letter included a preface by Hawthorne dated March 30, 1850, that he had decided to reprint his introduction "without the change of a word... The only remarkable features of the sketch are its frank and genuine good-humor... As to enmity, or ill-feeling of any kind, personal or political, he utterly disclaims such motives".[8]The book's immediate and lasting success are due to the way it addresses spiritual and moral issues from a uniquely American standpoint. In 1850, adultery was an extremely risqué subject, but because Hawthorne had the support of the New England literary establishment, it passed easily into the realm of appropriate reading. It has been said that this work represents the height of Hawthorne's literary genius; dense with terse descriptions. It remains relevant for its philosophical and psychological depth, and continues to be read as a classic tale on a universal theme.[9]The Scarlet Letter was also one of the first mass-produced books in America. Into the mid-nineteenth century, bookbinders of home-grown literature typically hand-made their books and sold them in small quantities. The first mechanized printing of The Scarlet Letter, 2,500 volumes, sold out within ten days,[5] and was widely read and discussed to an extent not much experienced in the young country up until that time. Copies of the first edition are often sought by collectors as rare books, and may fetch up to around $6,000 its publication, critic Evert Augustus Duyckinck, a friend of Hawthorne, said he preferred the author's Washington Irving-like tales. Another friend, critic Edwin Percy Whipple, objected to the novel's "morbid intensity" with dense psychological details, writing that the book "is therefore apt to become, like Hawthorne, too painfully anatomical in his exhibition of them".[10] 20th century writer D. H. Lawrence said that there could be no more perfect work of the American imagination than The Scarlet Letter.[11][edit] Allusions* Anne Hutchinson, mentioned in Chapter 1, The Prison Door, was a religious dissenter (1591-1643). In the 1630s she was excommunicated by the Puritans and exiled from Boston and moved to Rhode Island.[4]* Martin Luther (1483-1546) was a leader of the Protestant Reformation in Germany.* Sir Thomas Overbury and Dr. Forman were the subjects of an adultery scandal in 1615 in England. Dr. Forman was charged with trying to poison his adulterous wife and her lover. Overbury was a friend of the lover and was perhaps poisoned.* John Winthrop (1588-1649), first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.* Richard Dawkins' Out Campaign is represented with the Scarlet Letter A emblem.[edit] Film, TV and theatrical adaptationsMain article: Film Adaptations of the Scarlet Letter1995 film poster1995 film poster* 1917: A black-and-white silent film directed by Carl Harbaugh with Mary G. Martin as Hester Prynne* 1926: A silent movie directed by Victor Sjostrom and starring Lillian Gish and Lars Hanson.* 1934: film directed by Robert G. Vignola and starring Colleen Moore* 1973: Der Scharlachrote Buchstabe a film directed by Wim Wenders in German* 1979: PBS version starring Meg Foster and John Heard* 1994: A rock musical, "The Scarlet Letter" written by Mark Governor is produced in Los Angeles.* 1995: The Scarlet Letter, a film directed by Roland Joffé and starring Demi Moore as Hester and Gary Oldman as Arthur Dimmesdale. This version is "freely adapted" from Hawthorne according to the opening credits and takes liberties with the original story.* 1996: The film Primal Fear references The Scarlet Letter.* 1996: The Marilyn Manson promotional video for the song 'Man That You Fear' obliquely references the novel.* The Red Letter Plays (In The Blood produced in 1999, and F--ing A, produced in 2000) by playwright Suzan-Lori Parks, rewrote the story placing it in contemporary New York and Houston.* 2001: A musical stage adaptation which premiered at the Fringe Festival in Edinburgh, Scotland, by Stacey Mancine, Daniel Koloski, and Simon Gray.* 2004: The Scarlet Letter is a Korean noir-thriller featuring an adulteress' monologue, that mentions a plan to raise her unborn child as Pearl in America, in a desperate plea to exit her obsessive affair.* 2008: "shAme"[1], a rock opera by Mark Governor based on "The Scarlet Letter" premieres in Los Angeles. It is a major reworking of his 1994 stage musical that was also produced in Boston in 2000 and as a radio production in Berlin in 2005. The 2000 version was endorsed and presented by the Nathaniel Hawthorne Society.[edit] References to the novelLists of miscellaneous information should be avoided. Please relocate any relevant information into appropriate sections or articles. (September 2008)[edit] Literature* The 1993 novel The Holder of the World by Bharati Mukherjee re-wrote the story, placing it in present-day Boston, Colonial America, and seventeenth-century India during the spread of the British East India Company.* Deborah Noyes wrote a companion to this novel entitled Angel and Apostle with Pearl as the main character.* Postmodern writer Kathy Acker borrows from The Scarlet Letter in her novel Blood and Guts in High School. Janie, the main character, identifies with Hester Prynne and intertwines their stories in a vulgar manner.* In the novel Speak, Hairwoman, the English teacher, refers to The Scarlet Letter in her lesson. The novel's protagonist, Melinda Sordino, is a freshman in high school who is ostracized from her fellow schoolmates during the school year, much as Hester Prynne was ostracized by the Puritans in Boston.* Maryse Condé's novel I, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem, although set at the time of the Salem witch trials, also features the character Hester Prynne.* The title of Jhumpa Lahiri's 2008 novel Unaccustomed Earth comes from a passage from the introduction to The Scarlet Letter: "Human nature will not flourish, any more than a potato, if it be planted and replanted, for too long a series of generations, in the same worn-out soil. My children have had other birthplaces, and, so far as their fortunes may be within my control, shall strike their roots into unaccustomed earth."[edit] CultureRichard Dawkins's Out Campaign for atheism uses a red scarlet "A" on webpages and clothing as an emblem of atheist identification. [12]Tennessee has drivers convicted of DUI wear vests advertising this fact while on roadside litter pick-up duty. This is a badge of shame similar to the original scarlet letter.
如果你的论文被退回并要求修改，或者想进一步提高论文质量，以下是一些建议：1. 重新审视问题陈述和研究目标：确保它们清晰明了、具体而且与研究内容相关。2. 深入阅读和分析参考文献：检查是否有新的观点或数据可以加入到你的文章中。同时也要注意引用格式是否符合期刊要求。3. 重新组织文章结构：将段落按逻辑顺序排列，并确保每个段落都有一个主题句和支持句子。4. 修改语言表达：使用简洁、准确、规范的语言表达思想。避免使用口头化语言或过于复杂难懂的术语。5. 确认实验方法和结果描述是否清晰明了：在描述实验方法时应该详尽地说明所有步骤，并在结果部分中解释数据背后的意义。6. 检查拼写错误和其他细节问题：仔细检查拼写错误、标点符号等小问题，以确保文章整体风格得到改善。最重要的是，在修改红字论文时需要耐心和毅力。不断反思自己所做工作，并寻找改进之处，才能让论文更加优秀。
宗教，女性意识等
[1] Schubert : Leland Hawthorne[M] , The Artist University of North Carolina Press , 1944 [2] Turner, Arlin: Nathaniel Hawthorne [M] . Barnes & Nobel, Inc. ,1961 [3]Gerber, John C. ed. , Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Scarlet Letter:A Collection of Critical Essays[M] .New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. ,1968 . [4] Bercovtiti，Sacvan．The Office of The Starlet Letter[M]．Baltimore London:The Johns Hopkins University Press. 1991． [5]Todd , Robert The Magna Mater Archetype in the“The Scarlet Letter”[J ]New England Quarterly 45
1．带上自己的论文、资料和笔记本。2．注意开场白、结束语的礼仪。3．坦然镇定，声音要大而准确，使在场的所有人都能听到。4．听取答辩小组成员的提问，精神要高度集中，同时，将提问的问题――记在本上。5．对提出的问题，要在短时间内迅速做出反应，以自信而流畅的语言，肯定的语气，不慌不忙地―一回答每个问题。6．对提出的疑问，要审慎地回答，对有把握的疑问要回答或辩解、申明理由；对拿不准的问题，可不进行辩解，而实事求是地回答，态度要谦虚。--------------------------一、答辩前的准备首先要做好心理准备。要克服怯场心理，消除紧张情绪，保持良好的心理状态。要有自信意识。这是学生应具备的最基本的一种心理素质。凡是有充分自信意识的学生，在答辩过程中就会精神焕发、心绪镇静、神态自若、思维敏捷、记忆完整。答辨就可以淋漓尽致地发挥。要做到自信，需要对自己的论文从内容、范围、材料有充分的理解和多方面的准备，做到烂熟于心。从整体到局部都有了然于胸的感受，这样就能对提出的种种质疑，应付自如，即使不能对答如流，至少也能迎刃而解，问有所答。真正做到“艺高胆大”，有了真才实学，就不怕别人提出质询。其次要做好资料的准备。不要忘记将与论文有关的一些图表类资料整理好。如经济类论文答辩时，可能会涉及许多统计表、统计图、测算表、明细表、演示图等。准备许多相关的图表，悬挂在答辩现场，供作讲解之辅助工具。最后要做好发言提纲的准备。“工欲善其事，必先利其器”不打无准备之仗，答辩者在答辩前可从以下角度去考虑准备答辩：1、自己为什么选择这个课题？2、研究这个课题的意义和目的是什么？3、全文的基本框架、基本结构是如何安排的？4、全文的各部分之间逻辑关系如何？5、在研究本课题的过程中，发现了那些不同见解？对这些不同的意见，自己是怎样逐步认识的？又是如何处理的？6、论文虽未论及，但与其较密切相关的问题还有哪些？7、还有哪些问题自己还没有搞清楚，在论文中论述得不够透彻？8、写作论文时立论的主要依据是什么？对以上问题应仔细想一想，必要时要用笔记整理出来，写成发言提纲，在答辩时用。这样才能做到有备无患，临阵不慌。二、答辩技巧学生首先要介绍一下论文的概要，这就是所谓“自述报告”，须强调一点的是“自述”而不是“自读”。这里重要的技巧是必须注意不能照本宣读，把报告变成了“读书”。“照本宣读”是第一大忌。这一部分的内容可包括写作动机、缘由、研究方向、选题比较、研究范围、围绕这一论题的最新研究成果、自己在论文中的新见解、新的理解或新的突破。做到概括简要，言简意赅。不能占用过多时间，一般以十分钟为限。所谓“削繁去冗留清被，画到无时是熟时”，就是说，尽量做到词约旨丰，一语中的。要突出重点，把自己的最大收获、最深体会、最精华与最富特色的部分表述出来。这里要注意一忌主题不明；二忌内容空泛，东拉西扯；三忌平平淡淡，没有重点。在答辩时，学生要注意仪态与风度，这是进入人们感受渠道的第一信号。如果答辩者能在最初的两分种内以良好的仪态和风度体现出良好的形象，就有了一个良好的开端。有人将人的体态分解为最小单位来研究（如头、肩、胸、脊、腰等）认为凹胸显现怯懦、自卑，挺胸显示情绪高昂—但过分则为傲慢自负；肩手颈正显示正直、刚强，脊背挺拔体现严肃而充满自信。但过于如此，就会被人看作拘泥刻板保守，略为弯腰有度，稍稍欠身可表示谦虚礼貌。孙中山先生曾说过“其所具风度姿态，即使全场有肃然起敬之心，举动格式又须使听者有安静详和之气”他的这番金玉良言，对我们确实有很大的启发。在听取教师提问时所要掌握的技巧要领是：沉着冷静，边听边记精神集中，认真思考既要自信，又要虚心实事求是，绝不勉强听准听清，听懂听明在回答问题时所要掌握的技巧是构思时要求每个问题所要答的“中心”“症结”“关健”在哪里？从哪一个角度去回答问题最好？应举什么例子来证明？回答问题的内容实质上是一段有组织的“口头作文”。这就要一、文章应有论点、论据。二、有开头主体与结尾。三、有条理、有层次。四、应用词确当，语言流畅。五、应口齿清楚、语速适度。开头要简洁：单刀直入，是最好的开头，开门见山地表述观点，在答辩中是最好的办法。主体部份的表述可条分缕析，即把所要回答的内容逐条归纳分析，实际上是对自己掌握的材料由此及彼，由表及里地做整理。这样的表述就不会流于表面，而能深入本质。条分缕析可以把自己掌握的一些实际例子合并，整理成若干条目，列成几个小标题：分成几点，一点一点，一条一条地说出。满碗的饭必须一口一口吃，满肚子的道理也必须一条一条讲出来，环环相扣，条条相连，令人听完后有清楚的印象。假如在准备的时候已经准备了一个较完整的提纲，那么沿着回答问题的主线，再穿上一些玉珠（举例子）就可以做到中心明确，条理清楚，有理有例了。------------------------------让学生进行论文答辩的目的绝对不是故意刁难学生，以显示老师水平多高。论文答辩的目的只有一个，检查学生对所写论文题目的掌握程度和理解程度。参加论文答辩的老师提出的问题一般不会少于三个，但所提出的问题全部是论文所涉及的学术范围之内的问题，一般不会、也不能提出与论文内容毫无关系的问题，这是答辩老师拟题的大范围。在这个大范围内，主答辩老师一般是从检验真伪、探测能力和弥补不足这三个方面提出问题。(1)检验真伪题，就是围绕毕业论文的真实性拟题提问。(2)探测水平题，这是指与毕业论文主要内容相关的，探测学生水平高低、基础知识是否扎实，以及掌握知识的广度深度如何等方面来提出问题的题目，主要是论文中涉及到的基本概念，基本理论以及运用基本原理等方面的问题。(3)弥补不足题，这是指围绕毕业论文中存在的薄弱环节，如对论文中论述不清楚、不详细、不周全、不确切以及相互矛盾之处拟题提问，请作者在答辩中补充阐述或提出解释。针对论文答辩的目的和内容，学生在论文答辩前至少要做到以下几点：1、对自己所写论文的观点、关键问题、解决思路和创新点等要了然于胸。尽量用言简意赅的语言陈述出以上问题，这是你陈述论文时的必备技巧。这里也是答辩老师检验真伪最容易出题的范围。2、对论文中出现的基本概念、专业词汇、引用的文献要明白其涵义。这里往往是答辩老师检验真伪和探测你水平的一些地方。3、对自己论文中的相关的观点和理论要进行一定的涉猎，这是论文答辩得高分的技巧。大多数论文仅仅知道自己文章的单方面观点，对于其它观点要么知之甚少，要么一无所知，如果能对相关的理论进行了解，那么在答辩中基本上不会遇到答不上来的尴尬场面。4、心情尽量放松，语速不要太快。放松的心情可以使得思维活跃，不会出现语言重复、答非所问等现象。适当的语速，有利于你的表达被听众清晰得接受。——————————————————答辩的时候就这么说了各位老师，下午好！ 我叫***，是**级**班的学生，我的论文题目是--------------------，论文是在**导师的悉心指点下完成的，在这里我向我的导师表示深深的谢意，向各位老师不辞辛苦参加我的论文答辩表示衷心的感谢，并对四年来我有机会聆听教诲的各位老师表示由衷的敬意。下面我将本论文设计的目的和主要内容向各位老师作一汇报，恳请各位老师批评指导。首先，我想谈谈这个毕业论文设计的目的及意义。其次，我想谈谈这篇论文的结构和主要内容。最后，我想谈谈在实验过程中的不足和这篇论文。烧玻璃的过程以及这篇论文的写作，也使我越来越认识到自己知识与经验缺乏的过程。虽然，我尽可能地收集材料，竭尽所能运用自己所学的知识进行烧玻璃实验和论文写作，但所测数据并不完备，对许多还是一知半解，论文还是存在许多不足之处,有待改进.请各位评委老师多批评指正，让我在今后的学习中学到更多！谢谢！————————————————毕业论文答辩中PPT制作也是一个很重要的过程，答辩即将到来，你准备好了么？以下为整理的一些毕业论文PPT制作的要点、结构和一些样本。大家需要对自己的论文选题、方法、结论、相关文献非常熟悉。答辩每个人最多10分钟，最好限制在8分钟之内，讲清楚后面幻灯片上的内容。回答老师问题有理有据，因为是自己完成的，你理所当然最权威，但不能狡辩。演示文稿尽量做得简洁、漂亮、得体。答辩自信、表达流利、有理有据。研究概述（1：一张幻灯片）简明扼要（一两句话）说明：研究背景研究意义研究目标研究问题研究框架（1）研究的展开思路和论文结构相关概念（1）若有特别专业或者要特别说明的概念，可以解释。一般无须。研究综述（1）简要说明国内外相关研究成果，谁、什么时间、什么成果。最后很简要述评，引出自己的研究。研究方法与过程（1-2）采用了什么方法？在哪里展开？如何实施？主要结论（3-5）自己研究的成果，条理清晰，简明扼要。多用图表、数据来说明和论证你的结果。系统演示若是系统开发者，则需要提前做好安装好演示准备，在答辩时对主要模块作一演示1－2分钟。问题讨论（1）有待进一步讨论和研究的课题。致谢（1）致谢。请各位老师批评指正。样本下载幻灯片的内容和基调。背景适合用深色调的，例如深蓝色，字体用白色或黄色的黑体子，显得很庄重。值得强调的是，无论用哪种颜色，一定要使字体和背景显成明显反差。 注意：要点！用一个流畅的逻辑打动评委。字要大：在昏暗的房间里小字会看不清，最终结果是没人听你的介绍。不要用PPT自带模板：自带模板那些评委们都见过，且与论文内容无关，要自己做，简单没关系，纯色没关系，但是要自己做！
这和老师的喜好有关 谁能猜到老师会提啥问题啊总之你对自己的论文做到心中有数 他再怎么问你都不用怕
5000到1万字。
本科毕业论文字数5000-15000字之间，硕士毕业论文字数20000－50000字之间，博士毕业论文字数50000-150000字之间含博士后。
毕业论文写作技巧第一条，先要围绕着论题去占有和选择材料。也就是说，当你的论题已经确定以后，第一，围绕着立论去占有材料，多多益善的去看。有的论题是来自老师已经拟订好的题目。有相当一部分学生是自己确立论题的，先积累材料，再有论点。一旦立论确立了以后，再回过头来去占有材料。在占有材料方面跟我《基础写作》里讲的有相通的地方。第一要占有材料，占有研究对象的真实的材料。比如你要研究某个作家，某个阶段的几部作品，就将这几部作品拿来进行深入细致的研读，进一步来确定自己的论点。如果你的论文是报告类的，不是纯理论性的，用实验报告、调查报告、总结的形式来写论文的，那么你的调查材料、实验材料也要占有。
第二，要对研究对象的外延材料占有。比如你要研究的是作家作品的话，那么你就要对作家写作的背景材料，包括政治经济背景、文艺思潮背景等。还有作家谈自己创作的材料，还有他人已经研究过的材料等。有了这些材料，你就可以做到知人论世，可以使自己在研究当中尽量公允，不带偏见。所以，充分占有材料，也就使你的论据更充分。这样你将来的论证就会更加深广。第三，在有材料的基础上要选择材料。决不能只要有材料就统统拉进来。这是你们写论文常出现的问题。比如让你写一万字，你可能写到五六万字。象刚才那个学生一样，写出六万字，太丰富了。把握不住自己的时候，可以让老师来帮助你，告诉你哪些能用，哪些不能用。多占有材料总比没有材料写不出来要好，因为删总是好删的。在材料多的情况下，你就选更好的材料。
红河学院本科生毕业论文 (设计)撰写规范总体要求 本科生毕业论文（设计）应规范、完整，符合学校的规定和要求。论文一律用A4纸打印，A4纸张默认设置（即宽21cm，高；上、下边距，左右边距）。 1、论文封面填写 封面由学校统一提供样式，学生按照要求填写。题目用“小一号黑体”填写，专业班级、学号、学生姓名、指导教师和日期等用“三号仿宋体”填写。英文封面字号同上，字体选用“Times New Roman”。 2、行距设置 毕业论文（设计）内容及各种标题（包括摘要、目录、致谢、参考文献）的行距设置统一选用固定值23磅。 3、字体设置 （1）“摘要”（“ABSTRACT”选用“Times New Roman”）、“目录”、“致谢”、“参考文献”等字样均选用“三号黑体”，其内容统一选用“小四号宋体”。 （2）正文第一级标题选用“三号黑体”；第二、三级标题分别选用“四号黑体”和“小四号黑体”；第四级标题和正文内容选用“小四号宋体”。 4、正文撰写格式 正文分章节撰写，第一级标题用“第一章”、“第二章”、“第三章”等连续编号，每章应另起一页，标题末尾不加标点(问号、叹号、省略号除外)，标题居中排列，下空一行接写第二级标题。从第二级标题开始，用阿拉伯数字连续编号，在不同层次的数字之间加一个下圆点相隔，最末数字后不加标点。如第二级标题为“”、“”、“”等，第三级标题为“”、“”、“”等，第四级标题为“”、“”、“”等。正文中的标题一般不超过四级，标题层次要清晰，第二至第四级标题均单独占一行，且靠左端书写，第二级标题序数前不留空格，第三、四级标题序数前要空两个汉字位置。各级标题序数后均空一格接写标题。
在你的论文没有定稿前不要慌着弄格式~~~会让你精神崩溃的~~~~论文格式一个学院和一个学院的有点不同，等论文弄的差不多的时候老师会统一给标准的~~~不用慌~！
《红字》讲述了17世纪清教殖民统治下，在波士顿发生的一个恋爱悲剧。女主人公海丝特·白兰嫁给了医生奇灵渥斯，奇灵渥斯遭遇海难，白兰以为他在海难中已经遭遇不幸。在孤独中白兰与牧师丁梅斯代尔相恋并生下女儿珠儿。白兰被当众惩罚，戴上标志“通奸”的红色A字示众。然而白兰坚贞不屈，拒不说出孩子的父亲。后来丈夫齐灵渥斯却平安地回到了新英格兰，并隐瞒了自己的身份。当他查出白兰的情人是丁梅斯代尔，齐灵渥斯便开始折磨这位愧疚不已的年轻牧师。最终，齐灵渥斯因偏狂报复而身败名裂；丁梅斯代尔不堪愧疚，身心俱毁，临终前在公开承认了通奸事实；只有海丝特勇敢地面对未来，准备带着女儿去欧洲开始新的生活。 霍桑是美国十九世纪杰出的浪漫主义小说家。他把严肃的道德和历史内容与卓越的艺术表现形式巧妙地结合在一起；把天赋的想象力与高超的语言技巧融为一体。他是一位真正富有个性与创造力的作家，因而一直享誉英美和世界文坛，至今盛名不衰。进入二十世纪，美国的文学日趋成熟，涌现了一大批有成就的作家，如海明威、菲兹杰拉德、福克纳等。这些作家无不从霍桑那里深受教益，无怪乎有人称霍桑是“作家中的作家”。
父亲的肩膀 爸的体形有些胖，也可称得上魁梧。偎依在他宽阔的怀中，心里暖暖的，很舒服。曾经幻想着永远躺在他的怀抱中，然而“逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜”，随着年龄的增长，渐渐告别了他的怀抱。却不知靠在他的肩膀上同样舒服，同样温暖。 一个冬日的早晨，因有事耽搁，爸怕我上学迟到，决定用摩托车送我上学。因走得急，忘了带头盔，爸骑的速度有些慢。“冷吗?”他问。“不冷。”“不冷的话，我再骑的快点儿，万一迟到了不好。趴在我肩上，坐稳了。”当我俯下去那一刻，心里一阵暖流，好长时间没有让爸背过了，曾经，那肩膀是多么熟悉：儿时做游戏，那是我的“战场”；上学时，那是我的“交通工具”；伤心时，那是我的“依靠”；快乐时，那是我的“天堂”。曾无数次地趴在那肩膀上，在爸的耳边私语；无数次地猛扑上去，跟爸搞恶作剧；无数次……儿时的快乐记忆一下子涌上心头，我觉得好激动，好幸福。� 时光如梭，无论何时俯在爸的肩上，那种感觉都是最舒服的。再次趴在他肩上，无意间，我的手触到了爸的脸，天啊，好凉!我的鼻子一阵酸楚，“爸，我爱你!”一句话就像火山喷发那样毫无准备、毫不犹豫地脱口而出。“嗯?你说什么?”“噢!没……什么。”我不知道是否有必要再重复一遍，我想，对于父亲的爱，还是别用语言，而是用心灵来传递吧!� 校门已映入眼帘，车停了，望着爸那冻得通红通红的脸，我……“总算到了，骑快了点儿，没冻着你吧!好了，快进去吧!我回去了。”我机械般 地转身踏进了校门，直到在拐角处，我才偷窃父亲，他还在向这边张望，见我走远了，才转身。看到他蹒跚的背影，不觉想起朱自清先生写的《背影》。爸老了，但从他那双满怀深情的眼中看到的却是无限的爱。
您具体是什么专业呢汉语言的吗告诉我你具体的要求，论文呢要多少字，排版要求是什么的