1.直译和意译
所谓直译,是既忠于原文意思又保留原文形式的翻译;所谓意译,是不受原文词语的限制,不拘泥于原文句子的结构,用不同于原文的表达方式,把原文意思表达出来。在考研英语翻译中,由于题材基本上是关于自然科学和社会科学的文章,所以我们遵循的方法是:能直译就直译,既能直译又能意译的以直译为主,不能直译的采用意译,一般情况下直译与意译相结合。
2.增译
作为翻译的一个普遍原则,译者不应该对原文的内容随意增减。不过,由于英汉两种语言文字之间存在着巨大差异,在实际翻译中,为了忠于原文,不能减损意思的表达。例如1994年真题中有这样一个片语“great man of genius”,许多考生翻译成了“天才”或者“伟人”,只取其一,都被酌情扣分,译文应是“天才(的)伟人”,这样才算忠于原文。又如2001年真题中出现的“doll”,不能翻译成“玩具”,而必须翻译成“玩具娃娃”才能得分。所以,在考研翻译中,不妨奉行“只加不减原则”,当然也不要加得太多,把一句简单的“I can't sleep”翻译成“长夜漫漫,无心睡眠”就万万不可。但是,如果在文中遇到了省略句,那就必须“只加不减”。例如1998年真题出现的这个句子:“It's the farthest that the scientists can see into the past.”就必须翻译成:“这是科学家看到的最远的过去(的景象)。”又如这句:“We don't retreat, we never have and never will.”就翻译成:“我们不后退,我们从没有后退过,将来也决不会后退。”所以,为了在保证资讯覆盖率的基础上,使译文通顺流畅,符合汉语的表达习惯,一般都采用“只加不减”原则。
3.转译
在翻译过程中,由于汉语和英语两种语言在语法和表达习惯上的差异,有时必须改变原文某些词语的词性或句子成分才能有效地传达原文的准确意思。这就涉及到转译法。转译法分为两种:词性的转换和句子成分的转换。
巩固词语和句子翻译的相关知识 掌握词语和句子翻译的基本注意事项 在语篇翻译实践中做到活用上述翻译策略 了解词语和句子翻译的基本注意事项 活学活用上述翻译策略,并运用到语篇翻译中 英汉翻译时必须先确定词义,必要时必须对此已进行具体或抽象的引申,同时还必须注意原文中词义的褒贬,将原文的文体特点翻译出来 阅读关于翻译技巧的书籍,如张培基的《英汉翻译技巧》。总结别人翻译的经验得失 翻译技巧
1.直译和意译
所谓直译,是既忠于原文意思又保留原文形式的翻译;所谓意译,是不受原文词语的限制,不拘泥于原文句子的结构,用不同于原文的表达方式,把原文意思表达出来。在考研英语翻译中,由于题材基本上是关于自然科学和社会科学的文章,所以我们遵循的方法是:能直译就直译,既能直译又能意译的以直译为主,不能直译的采用意译,一般情况下直译与意译相结合。
2.增译
作为翻译的一个普遍原则,译者不应该对原文的内容随意增减。不过,由于英汉两种语言文字之间存在着巨大差异,在实际翻译中,为了忠于原文,不能减损意思的表达。例如1994年真题中有这样一个片语“great man of genius”,许多考生翻译成了“天才”或者“伟人”,只取其一,都被酌情扣分,译文应是“天才(的)伟人”,这样才算忠于原文。又如2001年真题中出现的“doll”,不能翻译成“玩具”,而必须翻译成“玩具娃娃”才能得分。所以,在考研翻译中,不妨奉行“只加不减原则”,当然也不要加得太多,把一句简单的“I can't sleep”翻译成“长夜漫漫,无心睡眠”就万万不可。但是,如果在文中遇到了省略句,那就必须“只加不减”。例如1998年真题出现的这个句子:“It's the farthest that the scientists can see into the past.”就必须翻译成:“这是科学家看到的最远的过去(的景象)。”又如这句:“We don't retreat, we never have and never will.”就翻译成:“我们不后退,我们从没有后退过,将来也决不会后退。”所以,为了在保证资讯覆盖率的基础上,使译文通顺流畅,符合汉语的表达习惯,一般都采用“只加不减”原则。
3.转译
在翻译过程中,由于汉语和英语两种语言在语法和表达习惯上的差异,有时必须改变原文某些词语的词性或句子成分才能有效地传达原文的准确意思。这就涉及到转译法。转译法分为两种:词性的转换和句子成分的转换。
商务英语口语900句[含中文释义] 下载地址: :
在英译汉方面,关键在于准确理解原文,在于译文中如何摆脱原文的拘束,避免洋腔洋调。这时候是使用汉语重写,所以对汉语的要求大一些。而在汉译英方面,关键在于如何综合运用所学的英文知识,将我们原本理解得相当明白的汉语文字,以准确的英语通顺地表达出来。这时候汉语对于我们是阅读的工具,应当说大部分人还是够用的,因而汉译英的时候难在英语的表达上。 以下是一些学习英语翻译的技巧: 1.翻译是按照原文的句型、精神、意义、情绪再现原稿整体效果的艺术性再创作。实际上它比写作还要费时费神费力。高翻译技巧不能仅靠阅读翻译理论和技巧的书籍。多种知识、多种体裁往往在同一资料中同时出现.要虚心学习,多思勤问,多查各种资料,必要时还要到现场考察,对原文读懂弄通,表达时符合有关行话,具备用简明、流畅、准确的语言自如地表达自己的思想的能力。 要透彻理解原文,了解两种文化差异,应当根据上下文、语境实际情况来译,而不能生搬硬套字典里的释义。 2.英汉两种语言不仅用词造句的语法结构不同,而且表达思想的方法不同,所用的形象也有不同。我们在翻译时必须以符合目的语的表达习惯的原则进行变通。由于英汉两种语言表达方式的不同,在进行翻译时,有时不能拘泥于词语的字面意思,生搬硬套或单求英汉句型上的对等,需要做些变通。 3.翻译者应该经常阅读一些时代感强的报刊书籍,以扩大知识面,有意识地积累新词,密切关注、及时收集、学以致用,更地道、更好地使用英语表达。
【我们从来没有按这种条件做过生意。】 【We have never done business in aordance with such conditions. 】 应该是这样吧!呵呵
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Don't part with your illusions. When they are gone you may still exist, but you have ceased to live. (Mark Twain, American writer) I want to bring out the secrets of nature and apply them for the happiness of man. I don't know of any better service to offer for the short time we are in the world. (Thomas Edison, American inventor) Ideal is the beacon. Without ideal, there is no secure direction; without direction, there is no life.( Leo Tolstoy, Russian writer) If winter es, can spring be far behind ?( P. B. Shelley, British poet ) If you doubt yourself, then indeed you stand on shaky ground. (Ibsen, Norwegian dramatist ) If you would go up high, then use your own legs ! Do not let yourselves carried aloft; do not seat yourselves on other people's backs and heads. (F. W. Nietzsche, German Philosopher) It is at our mother's knee that we acquire our noblest and truest and highest, but there is seldom any money in them. ( Mark Twain, American writer ) Living without an aim is like sailing without a pass. (Alexander Dumas, Davy de La Pailleterie, French Writer) The ideals which have lighted my way, and time after time have given me new courage to face life cheerfully 19 have been kindness, beauty and truth.(Albert Einstein, American scientist) The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it. (Johan Wolfgang von Goethe, German Poet and dramatist) The man with a new idea is a crank until the idea sueeds. (Mark Twain, American writer) The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today. (Franklin Roosevelt, American president) When an end is lawful and obligatory, the indispensable means to is are also lawful and obligatory. (Abraham Lincoln, American state *** an) A free man obtains knowledge from many sources 1 besides books . (Thomas Jefferson , American president) A great part to the information I have was acquired by looking up something and finding something else on the way. (Adams Franklin , American humorist ) If a man empties his purse into his head , no man can take it away from him , an investment in knowledge always pays the best interest . (Benjamin Franklin , American president ) Imagination is more important than knowledge .(Albert Einstein , American scientist ) nowledge is power . (Francis Bacon , British philosopher ) The empty vessels make the greatest sound . (William Shakespeare , British dramatist ) stray birds of summer e to my window to sing and fly away. and yellow leaves of autumn, which have no songs, flutter and fall there with a sign. o troupe of little vagrants of the world, leave your footprints in my words. the world puts off its mask of vastness to its lover. it bees *** all as one song, as one kiss of the eternal. it is the tears of the earth that keep here *** iles in bloom. the mighty desert is burning for the love of a bladeof grass who shakes her head and laughs and flies away. if you shed tears when you miss the sun, you also miss the stars. the sands in your way beg for your song and your movement, dancing water. will you carry the burden of their lameness? her wishful face haunts my dreams like the rain at night. once we dreamt that we were strangers. we wake up to find that we were dear to each other. sorrow is hushed into peace in my heart like the evening among the silent trees. Adversity reveals genius; fortune conceals it. (Horace, ancient Roman poet) Almost any situation---good or bad ---is affected by the attitude we bring to. (Lucius Annaus Seneca, Ancient Roman philosopher) Although the world is full of suffering, it is full also of the overing of it. (Hellen Keller, American writer) As fruit needs not only sunshine but cold nights and chilling showers to ripen it, so character needs not only joy but trial and difficulty to mellow it. (Hugh Black, American writer) Everything can be taken from a man but one thing; the freedom to choose his attitude in any given set of circumstances. (Leonhard Frand , German novelist) Every tragedy makes heroes of mon people. (Normna Stephens, American writer) He who allows himself to be insulted, deserves to be. (, British writer) I find life an exciting business and most exciting when it is lived for others. (Helen Keller,Ameican writer) I wept when I was born, and every day shows why.(Jack London, American novelist) If you want to live your whole life free from pain You must bee either a god or else a coupes Consider other men's troubles That will fort yours Menander, Ancient Athenian playwriter 古雅典剧作家 米南德
我学的是商务英语 主要有国际商法 外经贸函电 国际贸易实务 单证等 其他的主要以英语为主 如英语精读 英语泛读 听力 等等 不用学数学啊
商务英语的种类有哪些 What are the types of business English?
商务英语是一种包含各种商务活动内容、满足商业需要的专门用途英语。其内容涉及贸易、金融、法律、广告等诸多专业,除外贸英语书信、合同等商业公文外,广告、仿单、经贸文章,相关法律公文等都可列入其中。因此,商务英语的语言现象比较复杂,文字风格也各不相同,翻译时是很难全凭某些程式,套语或经验来解决。但是就其重要性而言,商务英语的翻译在双方贸易中起著桥梁纽带的作用,甚至与整个公司的命运紧密联络在一起,所以我们在翻译过程中应根据某专业的特点和需要好好斟酌所选用的词汇。商务英语翻译的困难在于如何准确而又流畅地翻译出原语所要真正传达的资讯,而解决这一问题的关键是如何在理论上和实践上加深对翻译的认识和了解。 商务英语翻译是一种跨文化的语际交流,它要求译者熟悉多种文化,掌握语言运用技巧,具备熟练的语言知识,从而完成具有一定语用目的的商业文化交流。提高商务英语翻译技能就应关注商务英语的语言文化关联,巧妙灵活的达到原语的语言运用目的。在商务英语翻译工作中应灵活处理因不同文化背景、语言表达习惯等因素造成的交际障碍,根据语境做必要的调整,避免语用失误,造成交流和理解的困难。虽然奈达的功能对等原则在文化因素翻译方面有一些负面作用,但是对于商务英语翻译仍旧具有重大的意义,尤其是在以往历史上文化因素的翻译中起到了非常积极的作用。奈达的功能对等原则以交际为目的,以读者为中心,以目的语文化为归宿,避免了文化冲突,克服了文化障碍,促进了双方的文化交流。这些资讯我都是在新~ 动 态的官 网上看到的哦, 如果你还想知道更多的话,也可以去看下