英语毕业论文中美文化对比

Language and culture are closely related to each other. Translating, in a sense, is an activity of promoting cross-cultural exchange. Therefore, translation involves not only language factors but also cultural factors. To be a qualified translator, one should have a strong sense of culture. A translator should bear five factors in mind in translation: ecological culture, linguistic culture, religious culture, material culture and social culture

中美文化基本差异：中国观念与美国观念对比分析 集体主义：一般而言，中国和其他亚洲文化反映了社会科学家称为“集体主义”的取向。这些文化比较注重群体合作和个人谦虚。 个人主义：相反，美国人通常表现出一种个人主义取向。他们更重视独立性。自我实现即使不是一种期望，但至少更容易被人们接受。美国人更重视不受外部制约的“自由”。 社会关系：中国人的社会关系比美国人更加正式，等级更分明。中国人似乎非常习惯于等级分明的结构，他们可基于自己在结构中的位置和惯例确定自己的行为方式。 美国人则更侧重于非正式和平等关系。美国人通常和社会地位相同的人在一起最自在；他们不太重视社会等级。 友谊：与美国人相比，中国人更可能拥有少数终生挚交，他们彼此之间交情深厚，愿意相互提供任何形式的帮助。 美国人可能有许多“朋友”和熟人，这些朋友和熟人随着时间的推移而变换，彼此之间承诺的义务有限。 义务 在中国人之间，与他人的关系通常意味着彼此之间的义务。 与此相反，美国人倾向于回避相互依赖的关系以及可能导致长期义务的局面。 任务取向与关系取向：中国人侧重于关系取向。保持和谐的关系比完成任务更重要。 相比之下，美国人侧重于任务取向。完成工作通常比关系更重要。 和谐与“事实”：中国人所受的教育通常是避免直接冲突、公开批评和具有争议的话题。他们希望在周围的人中保持和谐，给别人留“面子”。相反，美国人通常愿意直接面对问题、提出批评、讨论具有争议的问题，并坚持自己认为是“事实”的意见。他们对“面子”并不在意。 法律、规章和条例的作用: 在交往方面，中国人通常更信任人际关系，而不太信任书面规则和程序。 而美国人一般认为书面规则适用于每一个人，并且能够产生公正、合理的程序和决定。 时间观念：中国人比较怀旧，也比较注重未来。 美国人通常对过去不太感兴趣，他们注重的是眼前的情况。 指定身份与获取身份：在中国的传统中，个人在社会中的地位很大程度上基于继承特征，例如年龄、性别和家庭，但这种情形正在发生变化。 对于大多数美国人，个人地位主要基于自己的成就，包括受教育程度和事业上的成功。 此篇作为我的“中国文化漫谈”系列文章的第一篇，希望能够把浅显的道理与实际的问题结合起来，让我们了解什么是中国文化的价值所在。洋洋大观，才疏学浅；一家之言，不成敬意。 今天我们首先谈一谈什么是文化。之后对中美文化进行一个简要的对比，从而看出文化对于一个社会的巨大影响。 什么是文化（Culture）？ 简单的说来，文化是那些你不知道原因但还愿意接受的，来自上辈的规则与认识，在实践中大多数人能够体会带来的益处，或者相信可以带来益处，使得这些规则与认识又成为当代大多数人的选择，此时就构成文化主体内容。但是如果这条规则或认识已经完全被客观实践证明不可行的时候也不会坚持，也是文化具有的更新能力。所以文化主要是那些难以给予定论的规则与认识（属于价值观和哲学层面），并具有主观性，延续性，群体性，有益性四个特点。 比如说过春节，每个人都认为应该过春节，而且习惯于此，很难说出过大家一定要过春节有什么必要性，但都能说出一些好处，所以就自然延续下来。但就是这种自然的惯性，具有强大的社会力量，除非社会发生巨变，或者彻底被外族文化所侵蚀压迫。后面的过程对于中国传统文化不是没有而且不止一次，但是都被中国文化自身具有的理性和强大的凝聚力所征服。这里提出两个中国文化的特点，理性和凝聚力。 文化的延续性不等于失去其合理性。实际上文化合理性的辩论虽然是全民参与的，但是往往由被认可的社会精英层给出答案。但是社会价值观的争论需要长期和大量的社会实践，所以其变化是缓慢的而且有反复的。一个时代的精英们往往难以对众多课题给出答案，即使可以可以通过若干简单原则推导出来的规则，也需要长期实践来证实，而这就是中国文化的厚重之处。儒家文化不是从今天才被质疑的，而是从其诞生的第一天就受到驳斥，历史上也始终有人质疑甚至提出尖刻的批评，但是儒家成为最终的选择是因为这是社会的选择，被大量实践所验证。 中美文化解读 对于中国和美国的社会结构我有一个简单的描述。 US stays on rules.（美国建立在规则上） China stays on culture.（中国建立在文化上） 美国是最早开始实践把所有各种文明成果变成具体文字条文的国家，因而现在其拥有最完善的法律体系，政策制度，公共程序等，在规则之上享有个人自由，或者规则体现为个人自由之间的妥协。当规则变成条文以后，一切可以变成秩序，如果规则符合社会生产生活的需要，那么自然产生较高的执行效率，美国社会非常依赖于良好的成文的规定。 但是规则体现的只是制度层面的东西，价值观才是推动制度建立的基石。美国的价值观包含两个方面，一方面来自于法国大革命时期的在自由，平等，博爱的思想，另一方面则是西方传统基督教文化的移植。美国是一种来去自由的联盟体制，他们的力量也经常来自散漫而自由的创造。 中国没有成熟的制度，法律，政策等成文固定的规则，但是中国社会依然从整体上运转良好快速发展，而且具有强大的自省力量，就是因为中国有强大和有生机的文化。文化可以在每时每刻约束着每个人的行为，促成社会的合作。这种文化来自历史的积淀，与智慧的碰撞。 中国社会的构成依然遵从这个原则，价值观才是推动制度建立的基石。中国社会发展的复杂性与多样性，使得在文化层面远比美国深远，智慧更加深邃。但是中国发展的制度基础，经常遭受君主与外族的轮番破坏。中国成熟的文化智慧，始终处于和专制制度及外族野蛮驯化的斗争中。中国历史上的开明时期，往往能够把文化的成果确定为一些好的规则，但是随后又很容易在君王体制下遭到破坏。宋朝开始的文人朝政与新兴思想又迅速被外族侵略所破坏殆尽，造成之后上千年的思想桎梏。 文化在一个社会中是无可替代的。因为社会发展进程不可能被中断，然后被设计构造出来。社会发展是一个自然演进的不可终止，无可选择的过程。中国如何进步，就是应该鉴别正确且适合自己的传统，把他们由文化上升为规则，同时利用自己的智慧，从实践中获得新的真知，并使之与传统一起共同成为社会建立的基础制度。 中美文化之对比 从历史上看，美国不是一个传统意义上的国家，只是一个新兴的利益的联邦，而且由于历史短仍然处于发展过程，社会的兴衰周期还没有在美国身上充分体现。因此把它与传统意义的国家进行对比，有很多不可比性。一旦其形成一些固有的难以改变的自身文化属性后，才能算作一个成熟的国家。 文化层面的对比 根据对文化的理解，美国所能够继承的东西主要来自法国大革命时期的思想成果，以及传统西方的基督教义。上帝成为其与西方文明共有的共主，虽然谁也没见过。耶稣不过是用来宣传这种思想的一个教案或者工具。上帝的文明准则有什么呢，就是黑暗，欺骗，掠夺，弱肉强食。所谓的慈善，道德只是用来宽恕恶人和恶行的，偶尔的光明都是上帝带来的而不是人带来的。从这点可以看出，虽然他们继承了法国大革命的优秀成果，但是没有脱离传统西方文明的框架。从自诩传统美国人的布什的所作所为中可以看出其秉承的传统价值观，布什可以说是近代以来，与法国大革命提出的自由、平等、博爱最远的一个总统了，因而也更能充分体现美国传统价值观的另一面。 中国的文化相比是上千年变迁中历经沧桑沉淀下来的，其中不仅是一些价值观原则，还包括很多独有的智慧。这种文化积淀是在多元化（而不是一元化）的中国历史中，不同思想流派互相斗争的结果，并为长期实践所证明。我们往往说历史总是不断地重复，就是说现在的各种现象在中国历史上大都发生过了。因此其对中国人自己具有极强的说服力，对中国社会也有极强的适应力。 中国文化的理性与凝聚力是核心。儒家的思想如果从孔子算起（实际上更早，从多部落共处和农业生产中逐渐产生），也已经经历过很多变革与思想征战了，之所以其能够很好的存在下来，就是因为自身具有的极强的理性。孔子在总结前人智慧中，最重要的选择就是“子不语怪力乱神”。 孔子在论述社会制度建设的核心是“和”。在社会制度层面强调放弃征战，文明共处，依靠理论解决纷争。而对于个人而言，孔子强调“仁”和“学”，通过“仁”构建和谐的讲理的环境，通过“学”来提高自己的认识，避免为无意义的错误目标去争，且能够参与理论的过程中。智是学的成果，信是相处的境界，勇是个人进取的勇气，义是个人对大众责任的推行。礼仪不过是基于这些建立的合情合理的需要共同遵守的规则，是思想与智慧的表现形式。如果看孔子或者儒家文化，只知“仁”“礼”就会陷入知其然而不知其所以然的难堪境地。 中国的智慧来自自然环境以及人文环境的恩赐。中国的自然环境是世界上唯一一个相对独立，又能够不断吸纳新鲜力量的大陆。从地理上说三面环山，一面环水，周围大多是不毛之地，而中原地区独享最佳的地理位置，因而自然形成趋于中央的向心力。从气候上说，中国的温带气候最适合人类居住发展，而且充分表现出气候循环反复周而复始的规律，体现出整个大陆相对一致的气候环境，这使得各个部族之间容易对自然和社会的认识产生共识，利于融合与迁移。在融合中不同部落各自的鬼神崇拜已经不再重要，也无法存在下去，代之以祖先崇拜，文化崇拜，智慧崇拜。这些才是中国文化的根。 中国大陆这种作为海纳百川的文化终极站的得天独厚的条件，构成了中国文化相对独立又能吸取其他种族文化营养，注重整体、稳定、和谐、长久。总结为开放而又独立，吸收而又高贵的特点。中国大陆上的社会变迁是一个完整的世界运转变化的缩影。现在很多所谓国际外交争端可以从当时的中国内部诸侯各国之间的争端中都可以看到相似性。有了上面的条件，“易”思想的产生也就不足为奇了，以“易”作为智慧的发端与归宿，很好的体现了中国文化的哲学观。 中美文化差异 中国跟美国在有些文化及社会差异上是根深蒂固的，下文提出我观察到的一些例子。笔者在这里要强调这些观点是一般性的，当然仍有个别之特例。 一、个人主义 美国人相当崇尚个人主义，东方社会 （当然包括中国人） 则强调家族及阶级层次。这是一个非常重要及有影响力的分别。美国人崇尚个人特质的例子很多，父母较少伸手干预子女的发展。 二、隐私权 美国人通常很尊重别人的隐私。就是知己之间也很少问到别人太"切身"的问题，例如年龄、薪水及婚姻状况等。也应当少谈论第三者的事情。不请自来的访客（包括父母亲）是绝对不受欢迎的。 三、不拘礼 美国人在衣着娱乐方面，都比较随便。最重要的是人与人之间的交往都比较不拘礼，即使双方在年纪上或地位上有很大分别也不例外。这方面的例子多不胜数，例如很多学生对教授，及晚辈对老人家都直接称呼first name可见一斑。这种"越代"，"越身份"的不拘礼表现，在很多东方人眼中则认为是失礼的行为。 四、开放与直接 美国人是相当开放和直接的，尤其在专业的讨论，往往秉持着不同意见而争论（注意：是争论，不是拍桌子，摔麦克风的吵架）。相反地，东方人往往不会直接冲突，而是婉转地通过地位比较高的第三者来疏通。 五、独立性 美国人通常较不喜欢依靠别人，甚至父母的帮忙也不一定乐于接受，而父母亦鼓励子女早早离家，独立地生活与发展。我国青少年在这方面就发展得较慢。对留学生来说，要注意到指导教授非常重视研究生能够独立做研究的能力。而对英文不灵光的留学生来说，当你向美国人借笔记时如被拒绝，不一定表示他们讨厌你，极有可能是他们将心比心，认为你应该独立而已。 六、竞争性 美国社会的发展依靠竞争来作为推动力。"Work hard, play hard"是大部分人的作风。他们在言语争辩时都喜欢压倒对手，这种"getting the last word in"的作风当然是竞争性的一种表现。他们的竞争挑战精神也显露在体育比赛方面，即使是他们所谓的"playing for fun"时也是蛮认真的。一般美国人对于一个球队都十分狂热，往往藉此发泄情绪。例如校队比赛时校警常常要检查进场的观众，不让他们带酒进场。球赛比赛时，观众都喧哗冲天，往往乱抛东西。有些助兴表演也有点莫名其妙，例如有一招是将一个女啦啦队员，从观众席的底层抛起，一级级的人将她接着又再抛上去，直到最高层又再抛下来；偶然也有失手受伤的事情发生。笔者也算是球迷，但都是在家看电视，免得在现场活受罪。而且要算准时间，当球赛完时避免走在路上，因为球迷在赢球时欢天喜地（如果你看到开车的人在乱按喇叭，你不用听报告就知道赢球），输球时则沮丧愤怒，两种结果都是疯狂毕露。有些血气方刚的小伙子更常做一些奇怪的事。有一点要强调的是，如果不是在发泄情况下，绝大部分的美国人都是很守规矩、不骚扰别人的。 七、公众场合应有的礼数 美国人通常都能尊重别人的安宁。在歌剧院不用说，就是在戏院也都能噤声欣赏。在餐厅吃饭时的交谈声音也相当低，跟中国有划拳斗酒的吵闹大不相同。排队时都很守秩序，插队是不被接受的，蜂拥上车的事情绝对很少发生。开车的人通常很守交通规则，例如在夜深无人时也不闯红灯，尊重行人，让路人先过马路等。来自较不遵守交通规则国家的留美学生尤其要特别小心。 八、朋友模式 美国人囗中的朋友定义比较广泛，而且有区隔性；譬如说工作上的朋友、打球的朋友、学校的朋友、喝酒的朋友等等。 另外美国地域广大，人口流动性也高，而且朋友之间绝少吐露私人的事情，所以友情是比较"温水"性。中国人的友情通常是"牵一发而动全身"，一言不合就尽量避免跟对方碰面，"起落"性比较大。中国人朋友之间借钱是相当普遍的，而美国人朋友之间借钱是凤毛麟角的。 九、金钱的运用模式 中国人通常做的预算都比较保守，而美国的预算则比较接近"极限"，而且往往有消费超过预算的倾向（跟美国社会大量使用信用卡也有关系）。美国人很舍得买东西，尤其是在购房及汽车上，对于吃喝方面，尤其是请客，则比较"犹太"；而中国人则比较舍得花钱在请客方面。 十、世界观 可能因为美国多年来的兴盛及教育重点在某方面仍有偏颇，美国人多数 "以本国为中心"，对于别国的认识十分肤浅。美国人对世界地理的无知是令美国国家地理学会 （National Geographic Society） 十分痛心的事情。在美国流传一个笑话：东北部的某一个州的某居民，写信去州政府询问关于New Mexico的情形，答复居然是：关于别国的情况我们不大熟悉，无可奉告。 对中美文化对比的初步认识 最近认识了一个美国人。谈了很多东西。突然对美国很有兴趣。 关于教育，美国16岁之前是必须要去学校的。全部免费，不去都不可以。可中国的9年义务教育还是需要钱的，国情原因没有办法。美国的教育资金是税的一部分。她们从来不知道还有希望学校这回事，上学还需要捐款，无法想象。 关于环境，在中国，他们觉得无法呼吸，有烟的味道，不能跑步。路上虽然我们已经觉得干净多了比以前，但他们觉得为什么到处都是垃圾，sigh。觉得我们不注重public。还有公共产所吸烟等。 关于自由，她们会感觉到很多网站都会被屏蔽，美国网站很多上不了。他们对很多事情看法比较随意，原因在于没有历史，只有300年，而我们是受长期传统影响的。 关于婚姻，在美国3个结婚就有1个离婚，所以step father or mather 是十分normal的。但在中国她们很奇怪，为什么有人要离婚，还有人会劝她们不要离。他们比较注重隐私，最多两个人一个宿舍，要不觉得很不舒服，还是人少啊。他们不会有两个人想开房间还要出去，都在自己的宿舍里，所有人都明白。我们还是需要找学生旅馆的呵呵。 关于来了之后的改变，原来在美国总会受到中国是敌人的说法，说中国发展很快，马上就要赶上美国了，但来了中国后，他们觉得确实还有很大的差距，根本不是一个类型的事情，怎么能放到以前说能不能赶上。还有中国很传统，中国对女人会不公平，这都是人权方面的问题，但来了觉得不是这样的，还是比想象中要开放得多，男女也很平等。 关于种族歧视，美国确实存在种族歧视现象，有很多人就是看不惯其他肤色的人，还有就是会有只允许白人参加的party。 关于家庭，美国很多人只要不要孩子，就不结婚，只生活在一起，因为知道也会离婚的，反正不要孩子，就省事一点得了。他们难以想象我们还需要考虑我们的父母。因为他们从18岁开始就被赶出家门，所以他们根本不会管她们的父母，当父母老的时候。所以当我说，我要为父母做什么的时候，他们觉得很奇怪。 关于开玩笑，他们真是什么玩笑都开，男女一起，就取消别人自慰，模仿异性自慰，谈论最喜欢的做爱姿势，都才20岁。和我们真是有差别啊。平均第一次年龄在18、19岁。 关于娱乐，周末我们大都在宿舍待着，他们是一定会去bar或者club的。 还有等等等等，总之太多方面有差别，但是本质都在于历史，我还是比较喜欢她们的自由和观念的开放的。我一定会去美国一次，见识见识。当看到transporter2里的迈阿密海滩时，她说她家就在佛罗里达的海滩边，简直太美了。还有个体会，他们出生很多都不在美国，还碰到一个小时候和我老家在几个地方的，但都相处得很好，没有任何异样感。真是移民国家 中美文化对比清单 发表时间: 2006-4-23 12:56 作者: 白丁 来源: 漯河信息港·蓝沸空间 字体: 小 中 大 | 打印 （美国） （中国） “我的”，“你的” “我们的”，“你们的” 享受服务 请求批准 制服厌恶 制服崇拜 东西各就各位 人各就各位 收信人地址在信封下方 收信人地址在信封上方 底层楼 一层楼 黑色的葬礼 白色的葬礼 地图上法国是世界中心 地图上中国是世界中心 “亚洲人长的全一个模样” “欧洲人长的全一个模样” “我”（手势指胸脯） “我”（手势指鼻子） 巴黎人瞧不起外省人 北京人瞧不起外地人 晒黑 美白 抬手叫出租车 抬胳膊叫出租车 走在狗屎成堆的大街上 吃狗肉 刀叉和面包 筷子和米饭 向坟墓上送鲜花 向坟墓送食品 甜早点 咸早点 安静而灰暗的餐馆 吵闹而明亮的餐馆 “你好，走得好吗？” “你好，吃了吗？” 勤洗澡 勤洗衣服 让别人丢面子 保全自己的面子 吹嘘所送礼物的价值 贬低所送礼物的价值 当客人面大呼小叫拆礼物 客人走后悄悄地看礼物 穿体恤杉旅游 穿西装旅游 “新年好” “恭喜发财” 溜狗 遛鸟 照景物相 照人物相 坐在地上 蹲在地上 汽车为责备他人而鸣笛 汽车为警告他人而鸣笛 女人吸烟时尚 男人吸烟时尚 中美文化对比 中国 只用动嘴说好听的话。。。（假） 相声：吹捧的游戏 小品：呼哟的把戏 武侠：挂上钢丝飞来飞去，其实什么功夫都不会，任何人都可以模仿，优势背台词。 美国 行为艺术（要付出行动）加上竞技哲学理念（真） 橄榄球：强壮男人的游戏 冰球：体验速度与激情 篮球：技巧和配合，速度与对抗 棒球：聪明人的游戏 动作片：都是真功夫，哥们够强壮吗？在健身房练过吗？人家是从小就练起来的，为什么你会觉得不真实呢？因为你模仿不了。 UFC：真人无限流格斗，谁的精神意志强？谁是真正的英雄，先签生死状。地球上最危险最真实的格斗，几乎场场KO，场场受伤。 美试摔跤：也是强壮男人的游戏 所以说这个世界上热爱竞技强身建体的，并且争强好胜的男人都比较真实。 中国人需要锻炼身体，强壮自己，让自己勇敢起来，自信起来。中国人需要争第一，而不是友谊第一，比赛第二。这才是真正的民族精神。中国人需要寻找目标，认识自己追求理想。去改造社会。而不是为了生存论为奴隶。 而那些喜欢朗诵诗歌的男人就很假，因为他总是拿古代和现代做对比。其实我们更应该学习现代学，而不是古文学。

Chinese and Western cultural differences in the performance of every aspect of daily life from the greeting 、 term diet and cultural differences in the way of thinking in the abstract, such as differences everywhere, from the West focus on the following colors to express the difference between Chinese and Western cultural differences in areas such as a wedding set. First, in the West to express the color difference Different colors in different languages is not expressed in the same way. The representative of China in a sense, the West has a meaning that even the "color" to understand the meaning of the contrary. (A) red (red) Whether in China or in the English-speaking countries, often in red and festive celebrations or day-related. Calendar, red font used these days, therefore, red letter day: refers to the "Day" or "happy occasion." It also refers to the red "liabilities" or "loss" because people are always negative in red to register. So there are these phrases: red figure deficit in the red loss In common with the Chinese "red" words, translated into English, may not necessarily use the "red" for example: brown sugar brown sugar red wine red wine (B) yellow Yellow in English and Chinese in the extended meaning of the differences are considerable. In English, yellow can be said that the "timid, cowardly, despicable," meaning, for example: a yellow dog despicable, cowardly people a yellow livered coward Chinese yellow symbol of the term is sometimes vulgar, vulgar and obscene, indecent indecency means, such as yellow film, erotica, yellow CD, and so on. These in the name of "yellow" in English and "yellow" has nothing to do. However, in another English word blue is the color used to indicate the kind of meaning in Chinese, such as the blue jokes (dirty joke), blue films (yellow film). Second, the cultural differences in Western wedding First of all, in Western wedding culture and the first in the West in thinking about the differences: the Chinese people more conservative, like excitement, more old-fashioned thinking, so in the history of China for thousands of years the entire wedding customs did not change much. The thinking in the West is more open to the requirements of the wedding will be lower, they will be the climax of the wedding in the church: the sacred as the "wedding march" into the red carpet, Jiao Mei's father, the bride linked hands Rose walked slowly to the groom, the bride's father, daughter to the groom's hand on hand, her daughter's life will be entrusted to the groom, all eyes followed the couple, filled with well-being in their face. Second, the result of cultural differences wedding in the West because the West in a different religion. China is mainly Buddhist, but the West is mainly Christian. Therefore, the Western wedding is to be held in the church and the priest is Zhuhun Ren. China's traditional customs of the most important part of the Bai Tiandi is, the worship heaven and earth even after the ceremony has become.中西方文化差异表现在方方面面，从日常生活的打招呼用语、饮食文化等差异到思维方式等抽象方面的差异无所不在，下面着重从中西方颜色表达的差异，中西方婚礼文化差异等方面阐述。 一、中西方颜色表达的差异 不同颜色在不同语言中表达的方式并不一样。在中国代表一种意义，在西方又表示一种涵义，甚至对“颜色”的涵义理解恰恰相反。（一）red（红色）无论是在英语国家还是在中国，红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子有关。日历中，这些日子常用红色字体，因此，red letter day：指的是“纪念日”或“喜庆的日子”。红色还指“负债”或“亏损”，因为人们总是用红笔登记负数。于是就有了这些词组：red figure赤字 in the red亏损汉语中常用的带“红”字的词语，翻译成英语，可不一定用“red”例如：红糖brown sugar 红酒red wine （二） yellow黄色在英语和汉语中的引申含义差别比较大。英语中，yellow可以表示“胆小、卑怯、卑鄙”的意思，例如：a yellow dog 可鄙的人，卑鄙的人a yellow livered 胆小鬼汉语中黄色一词有时象征低级趣味、色情庸俗、下流猥亵的意思，如黄色电影、黄色书刊、黄色光碟等等。这些名称中的“黄”与英语中的“yellow”无关。然而，英语中另一个颜色词blue却常用来表示汉语中这类意思，如blue jokes（下流的玩笑）， blue films（黄色电影）等。 二、中西方婚礼文化差异 首先，中西方婚礼文化差异首先和中西方人在思维方面的差异有关：中国人比较保守，喜欢热闹，思维较古板，所以在中国历史几千年的时间里整个婚礼的习俗并没有多大的变化。而西方人的思想则比较开放，对于婚礼的要求也比较低，他们婚礼的高潮则是在教堂中：随着神圣的《婚礼进行曲》步入鲜红的地毯，娇美的新娘挽着父亲手捧玫瑰慢慢向新郎走去，新娘的父亲将女儿的手放在新郎的手上，将女儿的一生托付给新郎，所有人的目光注视着这对新人，幸福洋溢在他们的脸上。其次，造成中西方婚礼文化差异的原因是中西方不同的宗教。中国是以佛教为主，而西方则是基督教为主的。所以西方的婚礼是在教堂中举行而主婚人则是神甫。中方的传统婚俗中的最重要环节就是拜天地，拜了天地以后就算是礼成了。

Cultural Differences Between the East and the West

There are significant cultural differences between the East and the West in terms of values, social structures, and ways of thinking. Eastern and Western cultures differ in fundamental ways that influence everything from interpersonal relationships to art and terms of values, Eastern cultures tend to emphasize community, harmony and humility, while Western cultures usually promote individuality, competition and assertiveness. Eastern societies are collectivist where people act predominantly as members of a community. Western societies are predominantly individualist where people act primarily as social structures, Eastern cultures adopt more hierarchical and centralized models that rely on defined social classes and roles. Western cultures have a more egalitarian and decentralized social structure with more fluid social roles. Eastern models value hierarchy, authority and consensus, while Western models are based on equality, independence and thinking styles, Eastern cultures tend to be more holistic, focusing on the contextual whole and relationships between things. Western cultures are predominantly analytic, paying more attention to categories, logic and linear thinking. Eastern thought relies more on intuition and harmony, whereas Western thought is founded on scientific reasoning and are merits to both the Eastern and Western ways of thinking. A balanced understanding and appreciation of the differences between these divergent cultural systems will benefit all of humankind. Cultural diversity makes human society richer, and interactions between the East and West have long enriched our cultures in many summary, while Eastern and Western cultures differ in substantial ways, we have much to gain by learning from each other and embracing diversity. Understanding and respect can bridge any cultural divide. Overall, all human beings share more similarities than differences, regardless of culture or ethnicity.

Western novels in comparison First, Western novels in the history of the development of Western novels are based on myths and legends of its origin. In ancient times, science developed, out of fear of nature, the working people out of the imagination is the key to many of the world "God", describing the personification of God is a myth; who will describe the deified, that is legend. China opened the world's Pan story, the story of San Juan Five Emperors, the West Greek mythology, Roman mythology, Norse mythology, and so on are all typical works. East and West, the original novel, is closely linked with the history, as historical records complement the event. China Pre-Qin prose in the fable, the Han dynasty in the history books, biographies, the Wei and Jin Zhi, Zhi-person novel; the West of ancient Babylon, "the United States and Ji Jia disabilities epic", in ancient Greece, "Homer's epic," "Aesop's Fables "And so on, fall into this category, fiction, novels such novels have been about the characteristics of fiction, it is still not the literary creation, directly from the private collection record, so this type of fiction plot is relatively simple, writing rough comparison. Ban Gu said, "On the Street Lane words, hearsay are made of" is a novel kind of accurate assessment of the image. China's Tang Dynasty, the novel is only from history and literature become a creativity. Tang Dynasty culture has developed, the author's ideas are more open, the legend came into being at this time, Li Zhaowei "Liu Yi Chuan", Po Chu's "Everlasting Regret," Wolf's "Everlasting Regret Chuan" And so on, are made in accordance with the creation of the legend. For the fictional story of the Tang Dynasty more emphasis on imagination and literary talent, not just the history of the nature of things, but as the history of Zhi Zhi who is also the novel did not stop. The Legend of the Song Dynasty to the novel on a gradual decline, which followed the rise of this so that after processing will become a scholar so many novel and Romance novels such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Outlaws of the Marsh", "Journey to the West." The author of such novels is the use of private creative and re-created to describe the circumstances of the touching scenes of brilliant and vivid active in shaping the character known, there are obvious story-telling style of language. Here by the redevelopment, it will become an independent literary creation rather than things to come together with the civil process, the representative of this type is the "Golden Lotus", it was an open and ordinary life on the road, the reality is that literature has come a long way The development of the latter's "A Dream of Red Mansions" in ancient China Geng Shiba realism to the novels of the summit. "54" after the novelist began to learn from China's western fiction writing practices, and gradually out a new path. Western novels, is the "Renaissance" after the rapid development of mature. The development of the Middle Ages novel near-stagnation in the West, 14, the end of the century "Renaissance" to overthrow the literature of the Church of control, 15, appeared in the western end of the century to promote freedom of thought and the liberation of personality in order to describe the reality of life and portray characters from all walks of life for the content of the Humanist novels, is to tie in with this type of novel anti-feudal Europe at the time of arising at the same time it also set the novel in the West to human describing the tone of the main things. Jiaqiu Italy's "Decameron", Spain's Cervantes "Don Quixote" is the kind of representative works of fiction. The resulting novel is a classical, elegant favor of its national language to standardize the writing of this novel in 17th century France's most well-developed. As a note on behalf of Corneille's "Cid" neoclassical story of the rise of Western novels have been a language substantially improved. The beginning of the 18th century to promote popular science knowledge, enlightenment of the public consciousness for the purpose of the Enlightenment novels, of which there are relatively well-known German Goethe's "Faust", the United Kingdom Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and the Swift "Gulliver's Travels" and so on, this type of novel to the emergence of the bourgeois revolution at the time to mold public opinion. In the 19th century, romantic fiction, realistic novels and critical realism novel turn to occupy the leading position in the field of fiction. Romantic novels, such as France Victor Hugo's "Notre Dame de Paris", Goethe's "juvenile Witt of trouble" and so on, imaginative, unusual ideas, language and imaginative, strong feelings. Efforts to reflect the reality of the novel is the essence of life, and depict typical life of a typical phenomenon in the United Kingdom Dickens, France and Germany are of such novels as a representative of the writer. Critical realism novels exposed the efforts of the decadent feudal system and capitalist society, the dark, in-depth criticism of the reality of evil, France Balzac and Maupassant, the United Kingdom of Charlotte, Bronte,. Russia's Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, the United States of a large number of writers such as Mark Twain's works belong to this category. Value today, the three novels in the West is still the most important of the three types of literary fiction. East-West novel on the history of the development of more or less the case. Second, the characteristics of the novel in the West In addition to the basic characteristics of the novel, the story of the West also have their own characteristics are as follows: 1, the traditional Chinese novel attention to the characters, language and the details of the description, in contradiction to the conflict to display the images, but the character of a single, small changes in the absence of the main flu. Western novels are more people pay attention to the psychological description, stressed that mining figure in the subconscious mind, good at writing full, the changes in the strong sense of the main characters. Again, "coach Lin Feng Snow Mountain Temple" in the figure is only through dialogue and action leads to contradictions and conflicts, but Anna Karenina Wogui before a series of conflicts only with his description of the psychological will be able to express their clear; for poetry in Lin In the performance of her literary talent, and Paul with his inner monologue of the ideal; Zhang Zhong-Yong has only the character, but Jane Eyre's character is the brave, strong, warm, kind-hearted, and so many of the character and rubbing and Cheng's. In short, people in the area described in the West has its own unique features. 2, China compared with Western fiction novel plot twists and turns more and more complete story. Plot twists and turns, the story is complete fiction China's unique traditional arts. The Wei and Jin Zhi Zhi people on the novel twists and turns with vivid characteristics. Tang legend in the layout of many of the famous, magnificent anomaly, rigorous and clever, dramatic plot development. The contents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties novels scattered irregular, undulating waves, Cuoluoyouzhi, careful structure, an integral whole. "A Dream of Red Mansions", everywhere She Fu, Hui turning point, the story of Jia's best writing. Western plot in respect of the outstanding works, although there are many, but it can not be compared with the Chinese novel. 3, concise and lively Chinese language novel, rich in content and rich Western novels. Chinese folk artists absorbed the novel language, at the same time inherited the fine traditions of ancient prose, often a few words will be able to outline the incident or the people. Western novels in the author includes a broad range of knowledge, involve the community in many ways, so rich in content and rich people can gain knowledge in many areas. Engels said he was in Balzac's novel about 19th century France's domestic situation than he received any reports are more. Western novels have different characteristics, and also in the West different aesthetic concepts to a certain extent related. 4, Western novels have been the rule of the feudal culture of oppression destroyed. Chinese feudal culture makes the development of the novel is extremely difficult, Ming and Qing Dynasties more people to write stories for shame, so many great writers living, creating the conditions are not covered, many of the great works of authors who do not know. Western novels in the feudal culture makes almost the whole of the Middle Ages in the development of extremely slow, and many talented writers were forced to church services, wrote some of the religious nature of the article dry hole. Third, Western novels in the future prospects for the development of End of the Qing Dynasty, China and the West have begun to understand the other side of the system, the advantages of the novel in the West have been constantly learn from each other. Of course, due to historical reasons, the Chinese side of the draw a little more. To this day, the novelist in the West efforts are still two researchers in the novel's artistic charm, although the different languages of each other's appreciation of the arts to a certain extent, but the United States are interlinked. We have every reason to believe that in the near future, the novel art in the West will ultimately learn from each other and integrate, develop and reach new artistic heights. References: "Foreign Literature" Shanghai Translation Publishing House Zhou Xu Liang "Contemporary Literature election," Zhang Zhong, such as Beijing University Publishing House "Chinese literature history of the development of" Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Liu Jie "Literary History of Europe" People's Literature Publishing House Yangzhou Han Wu Da-yuan Zhao Rui radish "Three high school language textbook used by the five dates of the" People's Education Press仅供参考，请自借鉴。希望对您有帮助。