英国留学心理学毕业论文

一，论点明确一篇好的论文最重要的是要点明确，这样可以使整个论文的重点和论点突出，给人耳目一新的感觉，论文的印象分也就高了，再者就是论文的陈述要交代好整篇论文的结构和目的。二，理论支持和批判缺一不可论文要有严格的论点和观点，要有明确的理论支持分析和观点陈述，并且最好是参考文献和个人观点分析相互结合，可以更加明确你的论点和观点。三，举例论证作为英语非第一语言的学生，英语写作上的语法和句式在表达的时候会有很多困难，那么举例可以更好的佐证你的观点，有可以弱化你英文不好的劣势。四，合理安排时间想要在短时间内写出一篇好的论文，前提是你熟练掌握语法句式并且对论文的主题和观点陈述把握十分到位，如果做不到，就要合理安排论文写作时间。当然，万能班长也有专门的论文指导，针对有多篇Essay，Report等论文作业的学生，全面且高校的论文指导。

毕业论文是英国留学生无法避免的事情，大家想要顺利地毕业，那就必须得把毕业论文写好。对于英国毕业论文来说，最重要的两点莫过于文献综述与论证的写作。只要同学们把这两部分写好，那么你的毕业论文基本就过了一半。首先要知道在写作中文献综述的重要性和写作内容。因为文献综述是对自己前期工作的总结，也是论文极其重要的一部分，更是在为下文的写作做好准备，让读者知道此文的研究内容和研究价值。综述一般安排在第一章，就是针对该论文的主题对前人工作进行的总结性的段落，主要是简述自己研究的背景材料，有关这个主题的那些文献的观点，之前的研究历史，未来要研究的和过去已经研究的关系；现在的主要研究方法、主要的研究的结果，当下存在的一些问题，最后引出自己的研究目标，并且交代了研究的重要意义。该部分的特点是：1、最好是能够围绕研究主线进行，可以是按照时间的发展，可以按照某一个观点的演变进行；2、对主要成果的展示，指出当前存在的问题，标注出处；3、引出自己的论文是延续哪一个方法进行的；4、综述一般是在10-20页左右。其次是论证部分的写作。Dissertation的主体是大幅度地介绍自己的研究，该部分内容占到了论文的60%以上，也就是论证部分。论文的主体应做到：1、论点明确，对于有创新的点叙述突出一些；2、写作者的理论基础扎实，逻辑推理严密；3、尽量多用专业术语，避免平铺直叙和白话连篇。尤其要强调的是论证要严密。因为论证时用论据去证明论点的方法和过程，只有严密和富有逻辑性的论证才能使文章具有说服力。从文章全局来说，毕业生提出问题、分析问题和解决问题，要符合事物的客观规律，符合人们对客观事物认识的程序，使人们的逻辑程序和认识程序统一在一起，整篇毕业论文形成一个逻辑整体。从局部上来说，对于某一个问题的分析和某一现象的解释，要体现出较为完整的概念、判断和推理的过程。其实我觉得毕业论文太重要了，建议你还是找那些专业的机 构帮你写吧，那样就没什么问题了。

很多同学都不知道毕业论文怎么写，写好英国留学生毕业论文，给自己的留学生活画一个圆满的句号。1：毕业论文的选题很多学生不知道怎么选题，选题不了就意味着无法进行写作资料的搜集准备与整理，也无法从事论文写作。首先是专业选题范围指导。例如作为语言专业的学生，在学习基础课之后所选修的内容不一样，有的选修文学类，有的选修语言类。选修文学类的学生在选题时就要根据自己对古代文学、现代文学、当代文学的专长和兴趣，一定选择自己所擅长的专业，而不能选择自己不擅长的古语言和现代语言专业。其次是选题范围大小指导。选题的一个主要原则就是宜小不宜大，大的选题因为难度大难以把握，不宜写得深入。小的选题能够从微观入手，深入细致的加以论述，做到“小题大做”。论文题目过大就需要大量的资料、丰富的理论知识修养、娴熟的写作技巧和旁征博引，才能全面透彻的论证问题，所以不适合硕士学生，当然也不能过于小，一定要适中。第三，指导如何进行选题。学生在选题之前一定要大量阅读文献资料，善于发现问题和分析问题，搞清楚自己所从事的文学专业领域科研状况，前人有哪些研究成果，研究成果有哪些争议，摸清自己所要研究的论题在当今的社会意义和学术价值含量，不能重复别人的研究成果。选题时一定要根据自己的研究水平和能力做到量力而行。第四，选题时还要考虑到创新与写作能力之间的问题，虽然大家都主张学术论文一定要创新，但毕竟硕士学力有限，过分强调开创性不切合实际。2：材料的搜集与运用指导一旦论文选题确立之后，就需要大量搜、整理与运用资料。一篇学术论文如果没有充分的材料作为支撑，那就是等于空话连篇，得出的结论也是有失偏颇。其实学生在选题之前就应该进行阅读大量的材料了，通过大量资料的阅读和分析之后，发现自己所要解决的问题，然后制定选题，通过大量的材料的整理与分析，才能运用好这些经过大量时间和心血准备的材料，最终得出自己所要的结论和所想解决的问题。3：论文提纲制定指导学生通过大量资料的准备、阅读、分析之后，进行论文的选题，一旦选题之后就需要缜密构思文章的提纲了。这个阶段也是一件不容易的事情，很多学生对于论文提纲拟定也比较犯愁，因为他们不懂得抓住论文题目的关键词汇，也就是选题的中心论点，在拟提纲时不能紧紧围绕题目的“题眼”，出现了所编制的提纲结构框架不合理、没有充分体现文章标题的中心论点，主题不突出，层次不分明，逻辑不顺畅等问题。因此在指导学生拟定论文提纲时着重强调一下几点：一是要精心设计一级标题和二级标题，使得各级标题都能全面围绕文章的一个中心论点进行，每个分论点可以采取并列式或递进式结构，大标题和小标题之间要紧紧相扣，相互衔接和呼应，大标题也都要受其主题的统领。二是进一步反复修改提纲。论文提纲拟定好之后，再结合所有的材料进行分析、整理文章的整体结构，反复推敲。把文章整体结构与各细节联系起来，确保整体与细节之间的关联性和呼应。论文结构趋于合理化有利益理清论文整体思路，突出主题，不会出现跑题、偏题等问题。提纲拟定的成败也关系到文章的写作成败，一旦匆匆忙忙拟好提纲，不加思考就动笔写，势必会造成事倍功半的效果，因此切忌草率行事。当然提纲在写作过程中也可以根据需要进行改动调整，目的就是使得提纲更加缜密完善，但是也不能频繁地、较大的改动。4：写作过程中注意事项的指导万事俱备，就欠书写论文了，这时要把握写作要领，抓住论文中心环节，运用充分的材料作为写作的详实论据，运用清晰的思维、思辨的论证逻辑和规范的学术语言进行论述论文论点，将其经过深思熟虑的思想与观点，运用言简意赅、通俗易懂的语言逐一阐述出来。第一，在写作时可以按照论文提纲的体例结构顺序进行，各标题之下的二级标题都要紧扣该标题，论述时论证结合，做到论据详实、论证充分，语言表述要准确、流畅、连贯。整篇文章要符合逻辑，条理清晰，层次分明。如果写作过程中遇到了困难，可以采取不按提纲顺序，先写思路比较清晰的部分，写完之后再去解决疑难问题。第二，注意论文格式的写作。学位论文是了为了锻炼学生基本写作方法和提高写作能力的训练，论文格式有一定的要求，对于初写毕业论文的学生往往不注重论文的格式。学位论文的格式在成绩评定中也找有一定的比分，评审老师从学生论文格式中就能判断出该生写作态度是否端正，是否受到过学术论文的写作训练。第三，要运用参考资料，处理好文章与参考文献之间的关系。总之写作过程中需要辅导老师加以多方面的指导，方能使得学生顺利完成写作任务。如果同学们需要毕业论文辅导，可以看下我们呢哦

在英国留学的同学，马上就到了毕业季，不得不面临论文写作的难题。下面来说支招，说说英国留学如何写好一篇论文。

读社会科学的同学们可能会发现，老师布置的题目非常笼统，经常不知道从何下笔;看了文章觉得作者说得都对，却碍于不能照搬，有了思路也很难付诸笔上;即使最后写完了，回头一读发现自己经常游离到了话题以外。要想写好一篇论文，我们得顺藤摸瓜，先知道问题问得啥。

审题

相信很多同学的论文题目是这样的：

* explain the concepts

* critically examine the view that

* critically review the evidence/theory

* compare two conditions/approaches/theories

* discuss the strengths and limitations

无从下笔?其也未必。

细看题目，我们可以通过分解动词大致将其归类为几种。

如果是批判性理论证据，就需要阅读大量的文献，从具体问题，所用的方法和结论的普遍性来给出自己的观点。如果是讨论，那更多的是提出假说，分析理论，文献对比的综合。一般，在掌握关键词后，推荐阅读3篇核心文献，对现有研究有一定理解后，就可以开始写提纲(outline)了。

整理一份清晰的Outline好处包括：

1. 拆分段落，理清思路

2. 做好计划，安排字数，单独攻克

3.(心机地)将outline发给教授，换得有针对性的feedback，探得教授的preference，防止剑走偏风。

很多学校在提交正式论文之前，教授都会提供一些正式或非正式的feedback，有面见讨论，小组讨论，提交草稿等不同的类型。英国的教授不会逼进度，我们的主动性决定了我们能走多远。一份清晰的outline不仅能够帮助我们把控整篇文章的进度，也能让教授对我们的论点和逻辑有点印象，从而更能够拿到高分。

提纲

每个领域的学术论文都有它的特性，因而通常也有演变成较为稳定的结构，提纲的结构也应该对应。

比如说：在心理学领域，依照APA的模版，一篇完整的心理学论文(published paper)由四部分组成：简介(Introduction)，研究方法(Method)，结果(Outcome)和讨论(Discussion)。

如果不知道自己学科的论文应该依照怎样的结构，可以注意一下老师出具的参考文献。需注意的是，出版的学术论文和我们作业所写的论文(essay)有所不同，因为学术论文的作用是呈现学术成果，而我们的论文是为了表现我们对论文主题的理解，见解和意见。

普遍来说，论文以及提纲的结构可以这样规划：

1. Introduction

A. Background Information

B. Thesis

C. Preview of Supporting Reasons

2. Main Body

A. Main Point 1

B. Main Point 2

3. Conclusion

简介(Introduction)1. 首先说明研究或者论文的目的

This essay was aimed at examining, this study was performed to investigate…

2. 陈述假说

It was hypothesized that, our hypothesis is…

3. 表示研究过程和方法

An experiment was conducted, Questionnaire was given to participants, secondary data analysis was performed, by a systematic review of literature…

4. 报告研究结果

The results showed that, we have come to a conclusion that, the statistic revealed that…

5. 呼应假说的结论

Therefore, consequently, these findings support the hypothesis that, the result indicated that…

论文主体(Arguments)针对假说，我们需提出相应的几个论点(Argument)，然后逐一用一定篇幅讨论，做到逻辑顺序缜密，详略得当，篇幅一致。关于怎样批判性得写论点，我们会在下次讲座中更详细地说明。提纲里只需要包括论点，证据，小结论就可以了。

理解大家在写提纲时可能还没有做过详细的研究，但是不要害怕写明自己的立场，立场没有对错，重要的是讨论。

等到真正动笔的时候，我们可以通过更多阅读来补充证据，不断question我们的立场，让一个论点更全面，更客观。

下面简单举例说明如何表明一个论点(Main point)：

1. 关联已设定的假说，确定立场

It highlights the importance of..

Unable to attend the problem, the relationship between… remains unclear.

Overall, current research has shifted from.. to..

2. 提供证据支持论点

A study conducted by Bob (2017) reported that..

Evidence suggests that..

3. 得出小结论

小结论要呼应论点和立场，正面或者负面的

结论(Conclusion)1. 连接介绍，说明论述文章的意义

The essay has addressed the problem/ highlight the importance of…

This study provided new insights about the issue of...

This study adds to the current understanding of…

2. 概括几个论点，重新整理逻辑。回答问题 so what

简单说明局限性和提出未来研究的方向。需要注意的是结尾和开头的区别。开头就像一个蓝图(ideal plan)，应该逻辑缜密，条理清晰;结尾的结论，应该将我们的分析，实验和研究(actual work)切入到这个蓝图内。一个结论它很可能不够完美，也不够全面，然而说明自己的局限性，也是批判性思维的表现。

Further research needs to consider the issue..

The reliability of the study is limited due to the methodological flaws including..

Another important aspect that is not addressed in the current study is…

小结

最后还想叮嘱大家的是：画皮容易描骨难。模版可以给出框架，但内容还是需要消化大量的阅读而来。没有模版是十全十美的，逻辑和创新也很重要。在后面的介绍中，我们还会涉及怎样高效阅读文献，怎样建立论点，怎样避免抄袭嫌疑等等。

After all，以教授5分钟评5000字的速度，能看到我们正确理解核心概念，写作调理清晰，各部分面面俱到，就已很不容易了。

A Dream's Worth, Lesson on Psychology of DreamsA picture is worth a thousand words. You've heard it so many times that it sounds trite. But a picture really IS worth a thousand words. And if a dream is a very special kind of picture, how much is IT worth? Maybe more? What about very simple pictures and very simple dreams? No doubt they're worth a little bit less than complex, elaborate ones. Or are they? In my psychotherapy course one day, I presented my undergraduate students with these questions. "Here's a very simple dream from a psychotherapy client I worked with years ago. I won't tell you anything about the client. I'll just tell you his dream, and then lets see what we can discover about him by exploring it...... Here's the dream:" "I was wearing a white shirt and a purple tie." The students just stare at me, expecting more to come. "No," I explain, "that's it. That's the dream. Now let's start to explore it." I then lead them through a group process of free associating to the dream (much like I describe on the Working and Playing with Dreams Page). "Just let your imagination go. Take every element of the dream and just let your mind wander on it. Whatever comes to mind. Don't censor anything, that's important. There is no right or wrong. It can be a fun, playful exercise - although the results sometimes may be serious and powerful. Freud thought that free association bypasses the defenses of rational, logical thinking and unlocks deeper links within the unconscious. It opens one up to fantasy, symbolism, and emotion - the very place from which dreams spring." Here is a list of some of the associations the students come up with. For the purpose of this article I've organized them somewhat, whereas during the actual exercise the ideas surface in a much more freewheeling stream of consciousness: PURPLE .... royalty, bruises, choking, holding one's breath, grief, a combination of blue and pink, goes well with black, The Color of Purple TIE .... formal attire, going to work, phallic symbol, tied up, being tied to something, chokes the neck, confining PURPLE TIE .... unconventional, stands out, rebellious, showing off WHITE .... clean, pure, unstained, "good," light SHIRT .... the top part, covered up, tucked in, stuffed shirt, where are the pants? WHITE SHIRT.... conventional, boring, going to work, going to church, corporate America WHITE SHIRT AND PURPLE TIE.... unusual combination, contradictory combination, very unconventional, tie really stands out DEPLETION?.... there's nobody else in the dream, it's so static, there's nothing happening, where are the feelings? After we finish this free associating, I then describe the client to the class. At the time Dan had the dream, he was 23 years old. I would describe him as a quiet, held-back person who was very confined (the tie) in how he talked, behaved, and felt towards others. Put bluntly, people found him rather boring to be with (white shirt). His emotional and interpersonal life were choked (the tie). He had almost no friends and felt little connection to his family (the tie again). Other than going to his tedious job (white shirt) as a low level technician for a computer company, essentially nothing was happening in his static, uneventful life (depletion). Dan was also very limited in understanding anything but the most surface, top-level (shirt) characteristics of his personality. Although outwardly conventional in how he dressed and acted at his job (white shirt), secretly he felt rebellious against authority (purple tie on white shirt) and generally superior (purple) to most people. He liked to think of himself as a political activist who firmly believed in the rights of abused (purple) people and felt more tied to them than anyone else. Comparing outside to inside, he was a bit of a contradiction (white shirt on purple tie). But none of these issues is what consciously drove him to therapy. What he most desperately needed to discuss and resolve was the fact that he was homosexual (purple tie). Yet he didn't know whether he wanted to come out of the closet or not (the tie). Part of him wanted to let everyone know, to even show off and parade the fact that he was gay (purple tie on white shirt), to escape the feeling that his identity was being restrained and choked (more tie). His rebellious, unconventional side liked that idea. He sometimes did indeed bravely experiment with revealing his gay identity by wearing a purple triangle, which to him symbolized being homosexual (a combination of pink and blue). But another side of him (purple tie versus white shirt) was afraid to come out. He sometimes felt dirty, tainted, sick, for being gay. That part of him wanted to be somehow cleansed and redeemed (white shirt). Part of the problem was that sex in general was a very unpleasant issue for him. When he was young he had had surgery on his genitals. He still felt insecure and "bruised" (purple) down there. He was so conflicted about sex that I sometimes wondered if he had been sexually abused as a child (purple tie?, suffocating tie?). A dream, even a simple one, is worth at least a thousand words. Freud thought that there was no limit to how much you could analyze a dream. You can always go further and further into the symbols, the links of associations, the memories that generate a dream. At some deep unconscious level, any dream fans out into the infinite horizon of emotion and thought that constitute the individual psyche... that even transcends the individual psyche and constitutes us all. 920字左右，觉得不够你还可以再在开头或者结尾加一小段。本片小论文短小精悍，包括了理论与案例分析。觉得还能用的话希望能尽快加分：）

1、选题根据专业与拟定方向选题，搭建清晰的写作框架。2、文献学习学术文献的检索与阅读方法，筛选出有效文献并根据文献的使用途径进行整理、分类。3、提案根据已有的思路和框架理清 Proposal 的写作方法，明确研究方法、4、会议Proposal 提交后，分析导师的 Feedback ，明确后续研究指明方向。5、写作学习写作方法，重点 Introduction 和 Literature review 的写作要领和注意事项。6、建模解析数据分析中所使用公式、模型、及数据的获取方式，学习Methodology 的写作方法7、写作检查前四部分的论文内容， Discussion , Conclusions 及 Abstracts 的写作方法。8、检查进行第一次全面检查，重点检查全文的内容、语法和词汇，改善并校对论文的提交格式检查。