数控毕业论文文案情绪英文

数控系统发展趋势从1952年美国麻省理工学院研制出第一台试验性数控系统，到现在已走过了半个世纪历程。随着电子技术和控制技术的飞速发展，当今的数控系统功能已经非常强大，与此同时加工技术以及一些其他相关技术的发展对数控系统的发展和进步提出了新的要求。趋势之一：数控系统向开放式体系结构发展20世纪90年代以来，由于计算机技术的飞速发展，推动数控技术更快的更新换代。世界上许多数控系统生产厂家利用PC机丰富的软、硬件资源开发开放式体系结构的新一代数控系统。开放式体系结构使数控系统有更好的通用性、柔性、适应性、可扩展性，并可以较容易的实现智能化、网络化。近几年许多国家纷纷研究开发这种系统，如美国科学制造中心(NCMS)与空军共同领导的“下一代工作站/机床控制器体系结构”NGC，欧共体的“自动化系统中开放式体系结构”OSACA，日本的OSEC计划等。开放式体系结构可以大量采用通用微机技术，使编程、操作以及技术升级和更新变得更加简单快捷。开放式体系结构的新一代数控系统，其硬件、软件和总线规范都是对外开放的，数控系统制造商和用户可以根据这些开放的资源进行的系统集成，同时它也为用户根据实际需要灵活配置数控系统带来极大方便，促进了数控系统多档次、多品种的开发和广泛应用，开发生产周期大大缩短。同时，这种数控系统可随CPU升级而升级，而结构可以保持不变。趋势之二：数控系统向软数控方向发展现在，实际用于工业现场的数控系统主要有以下四种类型，分别代表了数控技术的不同发展阶段，对不同类型的数控系统进行分析后发现，数控系统不但从封闭体系结构向开放体系结构发展，而且正在从硬数控向软数控方向发展的趋势。传统数控系统，如FANUC 0系统、MITSUBISHI M50系统、SINUMERIK 810M/T/G系统等。这是一种专用的封闭体系结构的数控系统。目前，这类系统还是占领了制造业的大部分市场。但由于开放体系结构数控系统的发展，传统数控系统的市场正在受到挑战，已逐渐减小。“PC嵌入NC”结构的开放式数控系统，如FANUC18i、16i系统、SINUMERIK 840D系统、Num1060系统、AB 9/360等数控系统。这是一些数控系统制造商将多年来积累的数控软件技术和当今计算机丰富的软件资源相结合开发的产品。它具有一定的开放性，但由于它的NC部分仍然是传统的数控系统，用户无法介入数控系统的核心。这类系统结构复杂、功能强大，价格昂贵。“NC嵌入PC”结构的开放式数控系统它由开放体系结构运动控制卡和PC机共同构成。这种运动控制卡通常选用高速DSP作为CPU，具有很强的运动控制和PLC控制能力。它本身就是一个数控系统，可以单独使用。它开放的函数库供用户在WINDOWS平台下自行开发构造所需的控制系统。因而这种开放结构运动控制卡被广泛应用于制造业自动化控制各个领域。如美国Delta Tau公司用PMAC多轴运动控制卡构造的PMAC-NC数控系统、日本MAZAK公司用三菱电机的MELDASMAGIC 64构造的MAZATROL 640 CNC等。SOFT型开放式数控系统这是一种最新开放体系结构的数控系统。它提供给用户最大的选择和灵活性，它的CNC软件全部装在计算机中，而硬件部分仅是计算机与伺服驱动和外部I/O之间的标准化通用接口。就像计算机中可以安装各种品牌的声卡和相应的驱动程序一样。用户可以在WINDOWS NT平台上，利用开放的CNC内核，开发所需的各种功能，构成各种类型的高性能数控系统，与前几种数控系统相比，SOFT型开放式数控系统具有最高的性能价格比，因而最有生命力。通过软件智能替代复杂的硬件，正在成为当代数控系统发展的重要趋势。其典型产品有美国MDSI公司的Open CNC、德国Power Automation公司的PA8000 NT等。趋势之三：数控系统控制性能向智能化方向发展智能化是21世纪制造技术发展的一个大方向。随着人工智能在计算机领域的渗透和发展，数控系统引入了自适应控制、模糊系统和神经网络的控制机理，不但具有自动编程、前馈控制、模糊控制、学习控制、自适应控制、工艺参数自动生成、三维刀具补偿、运动参数动态补偿等功能，而且人机界面极为友好，并具有故障诊断专家系统使自诊断和故障监控功能更趋完善。伺服系统智能化的主轴交流驱动和智能化进给伺服装置，能自动识别负载并自动优化调整参数。世界上正在进行研究的智能化切削加工系统很多，其中日本智能化数控装置研究会针对钻削的智能加工方案具有代表性。趋势之四：数控系统向网络化方向发展数控系统的网络化，主要指数控系统与外部的其它控制系统或上位计算机进行网络连接和网络控制。数控系统一般首先面向生产现场和企业内部的局域网，然后再经由因特网通向企业外部，这就是所谓Internet/Intranet技术。 随着网络技术的成熟和发展，最近业界又提出了数字制造的概念。数字制造，又称“e-制造”，是机械制造企业现代化的标志之一，也是国际先进机床制造商当今标准配置的供货方式。随着信息化技术的大量采用，越来越多的国内用户在进口数控机床时要求具有远程通讯服务等功能。数控系统的网络化进一步促进了柔性自动化制造技术的发展，现代柔性制造系统从点(数控单机、加工中心和数控复合加工机床)、线(FMC、FMS、FTL、FML)向面(工段车间独立制造岛、FA)、体(CIMS、分布式网络集成制造系统)的方向发展。柔性自动化技术以易于联网和集成为目标，同时注重加强单元技术的开拓、完善，数控机床及其构成柔性制造系统能方便地与CAD、CAM、CAPP、MTS联结，向信息集成方向发展，网络系统向开放、集成和智能化方向发展。趋势之五：数控系统向高可靠性方向发展随着数控机床网络化应用的日趋广泛，数控系统的高可靠性已经成为数控系统制造商追求的目标。对于每天工作两班的无人工厂而言，如果要求在16小时内连续正常工作，无故障率在P(t)＝99%以上，则数控机床的平均无故障运行时间MTBF就必须大于3000小时。我们只对某一台数控机床而言，如主机与数控系统的失效率之比为10:1(数控的可靠比主机高一个数量级)。此时数控系统的MTBF就要大于小时，而其中的数控装置、主轴及驱动等的MTBF就必须大于10万小时。如果对整条生产线而言，可靠性要求还要更高。当前国外数控装置的MTBF值已达6000小时以上，驱动装置达30000小时以上，但是，可以看到距理想的目标还有差距。趋势之六：数控系统向复合化方向发展在零件加工过程中有大量的无用时间消耗在工件搬运、上下料、安装调整、换刀和主轴的升、降速上，为了尽可能降低这些无用时间，人们希望将不同的加工功能整合在同一台机床上，因此，复合功能的机床成为近年来发展很快的机种。 柔性制造范畴的机床复合加工概念是指将工件一次装夹后，机床便能按照数控加工程序，自动进行同一类工艺方法或不同类工艺方法的多工序加工，以完成一个复杂形状零件的主要乃至全部车、铣、钻、镗、磨、攻丝、铰孔和扩孔等多种加工工序。普通的数控系统软件针对不同类型的机床使用不同的软件版本，比如Siemens的810M系统和802D系统就有车床版本和铣床版本之分。复合化的要求促使数控系统功能的整合。目前，主流的数控系统开发商都能提供高性能的复合机床数控系统。 趋势之七：数控系统向多轴联动化方向发展由于在加工自由曲面时，3轴联动控制的机床无法避免切速接近于零的球头铣刀端部参予切削，进而对工件的加工质量造成破坏性影响，而5轴联动控制对球头铣刀的数控编程比较简单，并且能使球头铣刀在铣削3维曲面的过程中始终保持合理的切速，从而显着改善加工表面的粗糙度和大幅度提高加工效率，因此，各大系统开发商不遗余力地开发5轴、6轴联动数控系统，随着5轴联动数控系统和编程软件的成熟和日益普及，5轴联动控制的加工中心和数控铣床已经成为当前的一个开发热点。最近，国外主要的系统开发商在6轴联动控制系统的研究上已经取得和很大进展，在6轴联动加工中心上可以使用非旋转刀具加工任意形状的三维曲面，且切深可以很薄，但加工效率太低一时尚难实用化。电子技术、信息技术、网络技术、模糊控制技术的发展使新一代数控系统技术水平大大提高，促进了数控机床产业的蓬勃发展，也促进了现代制造技术的快速发展。数控机床性能在高速度、高精度、高可靠性和复合化、网络化、智能化、柔性化、绿色化方面取得了长足的进步。现代制造业正在迎来一场新的技术革命。

Abstract China's output of CNC machine tools continued rapid growth in the processing precision CNC machine tools, automation, productivity, labour intensity, and so on all aspects of general machine tools incomparable advantages, but the purchase of new CNC machine tools in particular the large cost of CNC machine tools Very high, often many users looking to deter and, in particular developing countries such as China's limited funds. Over the past few years upgrading of CNC machine experience tells us that the old machine on the implementation of NC transformation, not only for good performance, shorter cycle, and can save large amounts of funds. Was the transformation of the greater machine, the savings of more funds. This article discusses the transformation of ordinary lathe, and the steps needed to transform the main components. Focused on the machine CA6140 the transformation of the main drive system. In a nutshell, we implemented the old NC machine tool of transformation, our country's socialist construction will have a certain role in the promotion. Key words: CNC machine tools, NC transformation, spindle components

机械的资料华文版本 is the branch of physics concerned with the behaviour of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements, and the subsequent effect of the bodies on their discipline has its roots in several ancient civilizations. During the early modern period, scientists such as Galileo, Kepler, and especially Newton, laid the foundation for what is now known as Classical is the original discipline of physics, dealing with the macroscopic world that humans perceive. It is therefore a huge body of knowledge about the natural world. Mechanics encompasses the movement of all matter in the universe under the four fundamental interactions (or forces): gravity, the strong and weak interactions, and the electromagnetic also constitutes a central part of technology, the application of physical knowledge for humanly defined purposes. In this connection, the discipline is often known as engineering or applied mechanics. In this sense, mechanics is used to design and analyze the behavior of structures, mechanisms, and machines. Important aspects of the fields of mechanical engineering, aerospace engineering, civil engineering, structural engineering, materials engineering, biomedical engineering and biomechanics were spawned from the study of versus quantumThe major division of the mechanics discipline separates classical mechanics from quantum , classical mechanics came first, while quantum mechanics is a comparatively recent invention. Classical mechanics originated with Isaac Newton's Laws of motion in Principia Mathematica, while quantum mechanics didn't appear until 1900. Both are commonly held to constitute the most certain knowledge that exists about physical nature. Classical mechanics has especially often been viewed as a model for other so-called exact sciences. Essential in this respect is the relentless use of mathematics in theories, as well as the decisive role played by experiment in generating and testing mechanics is of a wider scope, as it encompasses classical mechanics as a sub-discipline which applies under certain restricted circumstances. According to the correspondence principle, there is no contradiction or conflict between the two subjects, each simply pertains to specific situations. Quantum mechanics has superseded classical mechanics at foundational level and is indispensable for the explanation and prediction of processes at molecular and (sub)atomic level. However, for macroscopical processes classical mechanics is able to solve problems which are unmanageably difficult in quantum mechanics and hence remains useful and well versus NewtonianAnalogous to the quantum versus classical reformation, Einstein's general and special theories of relativity have expanded the scope of mechanics beyond the mechanics of Newton and Galileo, and made small corrections to them. Relativistic corrections were also needed for quantum mechanics, although relativity is categorized as a classical are no contradictions or conflicts between the two, so long as the specific circumstances are carefully kept in mind. Just as one could, in the loosest possible sense, characterize classical mechanics as dealing with "large" bodies (such as engine parts), and quantum mechanics with "small" ones (such as particles), it could be said that relativistic mechanics deals with "fast" bodies, and non-relativistic mechanics with "slow" ones. However, "fast" and "slow" are subjective concepts, depending on the state of motion of the observer. This means that all mechanics, whether classical or quantum, potentially needs to be described relativistically. On the other hand, as an observer, one may frequently arrange the situation in such a way that this is not really of mechanical bodiesThus the often-used term body needs to stand for a wide assortment of objects, including particles, projectiles, spacecraft, stars, parts of machinery, parts of solids, parts of fluids (gases and liquids), distinctions between the various sub-disciplines of mechanics, concern the nature of the bodies being described. Particles are bodies with little (known) internal structure, treated as mathematical points in classical mechanics. Rigid bodies have size and shape, but retain a simplicity close to that of the particle, adding just a few so-called degrees of freedom, such as orientation in , bodies may be semi-rigid, . elastic, or non-rigid, . fluid. These subjects have both classical and quantum divisions of instance: The motion of a spacecraft, regarding its orbit and attitude (rotation), is described by the relativistic theory of classical mechanics. While analogous motions of an atomic nucleus are described by quantum in mechanicsThe following are two lists of various subjects that are studied in that there is also the "theory of fields" which constitutes a separate discipline in physics, formally treated as distinct from mechanics, whether classical fields or quantum fields. But in actual practice, subjects belonging to mechanics and fields are closely interwoven. Thus, for instance, forces that act on particles are frequently derived from fields (electromagnetic or gravitational), and particles generate fields by acting as sources. In fact, in quantum mechanics, particles themselves are fields, as described theoretically by the wave mechanicsThe following are described as forming Classical mechanics:Newtonian mechanics, the original theory of motion (kinematics) and forces (dynamics) Lagrangian mechanics, a theoretical formalism Hamiltonian mechanics, another theoretical formalism Celestial mechanics, the motion of stars, galaxies, etc. Astrodynamics, spacecraft navigation, etc. Solid mechanics, elasticity, the properties of (semi-)rigid bodies Acoustics, sound in solids, fluids, etc. Statics, semi-rigid bodies in mechanical equilibrium Fluid mechanics, the motion of fluids Soil mechanics, mechanical behavior of soils Continuum mechanics, mechanics of continua (both solid and fluid) Hydraulics, fluids in equilibrium Applied / Engineering mechanics Biomechanics, solids, fluids, etc. in biology Statistical mechanics, large assemblies of particles Relativistic or Einsteinian mechanics, universal gravitation Quantum mechanicsThe following are categorized as being part of Quantum mechanics:Particle physics, the motion, structure, and reactions of particles Nuclear physics, the motion, structure, and reactions of nuclei Condensed matter physics, quantum gases, solids, liquids, etc. Quantum statistical mechanics, large assemblies of particles Professional organizationsApplied Mechanics Division, American Society of Mechanical Engineers Fluid Dynamics Division, American Physical Society

这种翻译题以后可以不问了，有在线翻译的，不过我还是帮你抄过来，呵呵 学英语加油啊NC and NC machine tool technology in today's machine manufacturing industry in an important position and great benefits that its national infrastructure in the industrial modernization of the strategic role and has become a traditional machinery manufacturing industries to transform and enhance automation, flexible, Integrated production and an important means of signs. NC technology and the widespread application of NC machine tools, machinery manufacturing to the industrial structure, product variety and quality and production methods brought about a revolutionary change. NC machine tool processing workshop is the most important modern equipment. It is the development of information technology (1 T) and manufacturing technology (MT) with the result of the development. Modern CAD / CAM, FMS, CIMS, Agile Manufacturing and intelligent manufacturing technology, are built on the technology in the NC. NC master modern technology of modern machinery and electronic knowledge is essential to professional students. The design of the content on the characteristics of the NC, processing and analysis of the general steps NC programming. And, through a detailed example of the NC on the process of analysis. Key words: NC programming technology processing technology

数控技术及数控机床在当今机械制造业中的重要地位和巨大效益，显示了其在国家基础工业现代化中的战略性作用，并已成为传统机械制造工业提升改造和实现自动化、柔性化、集成化生产的重要手段和标志。数控技术及数控机床的广泛应用，给机械制造业的产业结构、产品种类和档次以及生产方式带来了革命性的变化。数控机床是现代加工车间最重要的装备。它的发展是信息技术(1T)与制造技术(MT)结合发展的结果。现代的CAD/CAM、FMS、CIMS、敏捷制造和智能制造技术，都是建立在数控技术之上的。掌握现代数控技术知识是现代机电类专业学生必不可少的。 本次设计内容介绍了数控加工的特点、加工工艺分析以及数控编程的一般步骤。并通过一定的实例详细的介绍了数控加工工艺的分析方法。 关键词： 数控技术 加工工艺 编程NC and NC machine tool technology in today's machine manufacturing industry in an important position and great benefits that its national infrastructure in the industrial modernization of the strategic role and has become a traditional machinery manufacturing industries to transform and enhance automation, flexible, Integrated production and an important means of signs. NC technology and the widespread application of NC machine tools, machinery manufacturing to the industrial structure, product variety and quality and production methods brought about a revolutionary change. NC machine tool processing workshop is the most important modern equipment. It is the development of information technology (1 T) and manufacturing technology (MT) with the result of the development. Modern CAD / CAM, FMS, CIMS, agile manufacturing and intelligent manufacturing technology, are built on the technology in the NC. NC master modern technology of modern machinery and electronic knowledge is essential to professional students. The design of the content on the characteristics of the NC, processing and analysis of the general steps NC programming. And, through a detailed example of the NC on the process of analysis. Key words: NC programming technology processing technology