发布时间：
注意管理方面的技巧，同时也做好预防措施，将牛棚里面的卫生进行消毒，创造干燥的环境。
Abstract: claudication disease is a disease often cows, there are the more common cause of traumatic, bacterial, viral or by malnutrition and other reasons. Not only affect the normal feeding and management, but also lead to the production performance of dairy cows decreased significantly; if not handled properly will even cause the cow culling. Since the cow hoofdisease causes complex, high incidence rate, longer course of disease,cure is difficult, has the serious influence on the performance and service life of production. Therefore, the disease has caused great economiclosses to the dairy industry. Through this experiment, 5 claudicationevaluation method, one of Heilongjiang large-scale dairy farm were limpevaluation. Analysis of the influence of rearing environment andmanagement measures of cow : claudication evaluation, hoof disease, feeding and management
仅供参考：An Investigation into the Situations of Lameness Disease in a Scaleful Diary Farm in Helongjiang ProvcinceSummary: Lameness is a common disease among milk cows that is caused by external injuries, bacterial or virus infections, or mal-nutrition. Lameness not only affects milk cows with their breeding and management, but also significantly lowers their productivity. If not dealt with propertly, milk cows with lameness may eventually be laid off. However, limping diseases of a milk cow have complicated causes, higher rates of incidence, longer course, and are often hard to cure, which then seriously affects the milk cow's productivity and life. As a result, such disease can cause huge economic loss to diary cattle industry. By using a 5-grade lameness evaluation method, an experiment was carried out at a scaleful diary farm in Heilongjiang Province, in an effor to analyze the impact of ranching environment and management measures towards lameness of cows. Keywords: Lameness evaluation, limping disease, breeding management
1、病原菌，该病多由节瘤拟杆菌和坏死厌气丝杆菌引起。节瘤拟杆菌能产生蛋白酶，消化角质，使蹄的表面及基层易受侵害，其在坏死厌气丝杆菌、坏死梭杆菌等病菌的协同作用下，可引起明显的腐蹄病损害。此外化脓性棒状杆菌和其他化脓性细菌、结节状拟杆菌、产黑色素类杆菌、脆弱类杆菌、坏死杆菌，螺旋体、粪弯杆菌、梭杆菌、球菌、酵母菌及其他一些条件性致病菌也是引起腐蹄病的病原。2、季节，夏秋季因饲喂青绿多汁饲料，牛粪稀、尿多，潮湿环境适合病原菌生长，易使蹄部皮肤疏松、角质变软而发病。另外，奶牛经过6、7、8月的高温高湿气候后，体质下降，蹄部易发生病变，故该病夏秋季节发病率较高。
防治的方法就是，去把这些牛都分开养，每一个牛舍里放五头牛，降低密度，并且保持通风，然后使用药物，这样就不会越来越严重了。
Abstract: claudication disease is a disease often cows, there are the more common cause of traumatic, bacterial, viral or by malnutrition and other reasons. Not only affect the normal feeding and management, but also lead to the production performance of dairy cows decreased significantly; if not handled properly will even cause the cow culling. Since the cow hoofdisease causes complex, high incidence rate, longer course of disease,cure is difficult, has the serious influence on the performance and service life of production. Therefore, the disease has caused great economiclosses to the dairy industry. Through this experiment, 5 claudicationevaluation method, one of Heilongjiang large-scale dairy farm were limpevaluation. Analysis of the influence of rearing environment andmanagement measures of cow : claudication evaluation, hoof disease, feeding and management
仅供参考：An Investigation into the Situations of Lameness Disease in a Scaleful Diary Farm in Helongjiang ProvcinceSummary: Lameness is a common disease among milk cows that is caused by external injuries, bacterial or virus infections, or mal-nutrition. Lameness not only affects milk cows with their breeding and management, but also significantly lowers their productivity. If not dealt with propertly, milk cows with lameness may eventually be laid off. However, limping diseases of a milk cow have complicated causes, higher rates of incidence, longer course, and are often hard to cure, which then seriously affects the milk cow's productivity and life. As a result, such disease can cause huge economic loss to diary cattle industry. By using a 5-grade lameness evaluation method, an experiment was carried out at a scaleful diary farm in Heilongjiang Province, in an effor to analyze the impact of ranching environment and management measures towards lameness of cows. Keywords: Lameness evaluation, limping disease, breeding management
也是因为炎症以及繁殖系统所导致的发病，所以在这方面一定要对牛的身体情况提前做一个了解，差不多也有先天性的可能。
饮食中缺钙或缺磷，高钙低磷或高磷低钙，容易导致钙磷代谢紊乱，从而引起奶牛腿蹄病。锌是胰岛素等多种金属酶和激素的成分，与皮肤健康有关。蹄是皮肤的衍生物。饮食中锌缺乏会影响蹄角质化，并易于蹄腐烂。当维生素D缺乏或活性下降时，会引起钙磷代谢紊乱。有些曲霉菌素中毒会干扰维生素D的活性，即使钙磷充足也不能很好的利用，导致奶牛腿蹄病。粗饲料，尤其是干草质量差，也是奶牛腿蹄病的重要原因之一。不合理的饮食结构:不合理的饮食结构和过量的浓缩饲料，尤其是碳水化合物，容易引起奶牛瘤胃乳酸中毒和继发性蹄炎症。
地面质量对奶牛的腿脚影响很大。因为地面太硬，奶牛站立时地面没有缓冲，自身重量较重，容易造成四肢疲劳。坚硬的水泥地面也会加剧腿脚与地面的摩擦，造成奶牛腿脚挫伤，造成感染。而低洼潮湿泥泞的运动场，加上粪便清理不及时，容易造成牛蹄底感染，导致蹄腐的发生。比如品种的遗传因素。据报道，夏洛来牛肢蹄病的发病率高达。荷斯坦牛的平均寿命为岁，因脚病淘汰的牛主要在3-7岁，其中的淘汰牛在3-4岁因脚腐病淘汰。牛一旦患上肢蹄病，就会出现疼痛、肿胀、化脓、溃疡等症状，活动受到很大限制，往往难以行走、站立不稳、躺下。如果长期得不到有效的治疗，肯定会影响牛吃后的正常休息，导致牛的生长缓慢，甚至体重出现负增长。
妊娠牛患上肢蹄病会增加流产风险，其流产率是正常牛的3~5倍，不流产时更容易发生难产。泌乳奶牛患上肢蹄病会极大地影响产奶量，增加乳腺炎的发病率。此外，牛蹄足病也可能继发于牛巴氏杆菌病、全身性脓毒症等疾病，严重时会导致牛死亡。饮食中钙磷比例失衡，如缺磷、缺钙、缺磷、缺钙等，容易引起钙磷代谢紊乱，进而导致牛肢蹄病。锌是牛生长过程中必不可少的微量元素，与皮肤健康有关。然而，蹄是皮肤的衍生物。饮食中缺锌会影响蹄的角质化，导致蹄腐。维生素D缺乏或活性下降会引起钙磷代谢紊乱，导致牛出现蹄病。
日粮搭配不合理，尤其是大量饲喂青贮饲料、酒糟和浓缩饲料时，会引起奶牛胃酸过多和次生蹄叶炎症。当谷仓地面过硬，环境湿度过高时，牛蹄脚病发病率会呈线性上升，所以夏季和秋季是牛蹄脚病发病率高的季节。牛发生口蹄疫并治愈后，蹄伤可能延迟数十天甚至数月，甚至可能继发于其他肢蹄疾病。另外，当一种口蹄疫发生时，可能会发生另一种口蹄疫。例如，蹄和叶发炎后，牛可能会出现蹄腐烂或关节炎。牛腿蹄病的发生也与遗传因素有关。部分牛品种的腿脚病发病率相对较低，而部分牛品种的腿脚病发病率相对较高。据有关资料显示，夏洛来牛的蹄蹄病发病率高达，荷斯坦牛高达。
注意管理方面的技巧，同时也做好预防措施，将牛棚里面的卫生进行消毒，创造干燥的环境。
是因为没有及时的去进行修剪，而且很有可能是因为周围的卫生环境并不是非常好，所以在这种情况下才会出现发病的现象。
可以采用蹄浴的方法来进行治疗，抑制病情。还可以通过手术或者药物的治疗方法来进行，这样的方法见效快。
奶牛蹄病被认为是奶牛场三种常见病之一，给奶牛场的生产造成很大的影响。一、蹄病的生成因素⑴不同品种的牛，蹄病的易感性各不相同。有些蹄病如蹄叶炎、螺旋状变形蹄及趾间增生具有遗传特性。⑵夏、秋季节雨水较多，圈舍泥泞，粪便淤积，卫生条件较差，牛蹄长期浸渍在污物中，使蹄角质软化，抵抗力降低，易发生蹄病。⑶牛长期站在水泥地面，易使软化角质过度磨损，造成蹄底严重挫伤。⑷牛运动量不足，影响牛蹄的正常磨损，易造成各种蹄变形。⑸饲料霉败变质，饲料中矿物质缺乏，特别是钙磷含量不足或比例不当，引发临床上骨质疏松，导致蹄病发生。⑹口蹄疫、坏死杆菌病等传染病的流行和传播，常可引发蹄病。二、蹄病的预防措施⑴坚决淘汰肢蹄有严重缺陷的牛，禁止将肢蹄有遗传缺陷的牛选做种用。⑵奶牛舍的地面最好用机制红砖铺制而成，水泥地面不能过于光滑，以防奶牛摔倒，但也不能过于粗糙。⑶给予牛充足的运动空间，使牛生存在干净舒适的圈舍内，减少感染蹄病的机会。奶牛的运动场地面要排水良好。运动场的地面最好呈中间高、四周略低的凸型，以利渗水和排水。运动场的地面不要铺撒炉渣、生石灰等垫料，以防损伤蹄部。⑷日粮营养合理，一般日粮营养中能量与蛋白质比例以l:5O、钙磷比例以为宜。定期在奶牛的日粮中添加一的硫酸锌，每次持续l个月以上，每年进行5次。⑸建立严格的防疫制度，杜绝－切传染病的侵入，保证牛蹄不受可能引发蹄病的传染病的侵害。定期做好奶牛场的环境消毒工作，及时清理奶牛粪便及污水，保持奶牛场地的干燥清洁，每月对环境消毒两次，杀灭致病菌。⑹在奶牛舍的出入口设－消毒池，池内放入配制好的消毒液，药液的深度以淹没奶牛的蹄部为宜，让奶牛在出入牛舍时自行消毒。或者用3%一4%福尔马林溶液和4%硫酸铜溶液进行浸泡蹄浴和喷洒蹄浴，蹄浴前一定要先清洗净牛蹄。三、蹄病的几种治疗方法⑴对各种变形蹄进行修整，尽量达到正常形态，对于蹄病严重而不能负重或负重困难的牛，可对其进行装蹄治疗，缓解负重状况。⑵病初可用蹄浴液（福尔马林、硫酸铜等）冷敷，每天l一2小时；3一4天后对蹄进行温浴，每天l一2次，持续l周左右，对蹄病的治疗有一定的效果。⑶可采取趾神经或蹄冠周围用l%普鲁卡因结合青霉素封闭疗法，也可于趾动脉内注射普鲁卡因液，炎症严重者可结合全身抗菌素治疗。⑷对于趾间赘生物增生以及真皮腐败坏死，可手术切除增生和坏死，然后按外科常规手术处理即可。总之，奶牛蹄病的防治是奶牛饲养管理中的重要工作，必须持之以恒。这样对延长奶牛的使用年限，提高牛奶的产量和质量，最终提高奶牛场的经济效益是＋分有益的。
仅供参考：An Investigation into the Situations of Lameness Disease in a Scaleful Diary Farm in Helongjiang ProvcinceSummary: Lameness is a common disease among milk cows that is caused by external injuries, bacterial or virus infections, or mal-nutrition. Lameness not only affects milk cows with their breeding and management, but also significantly lowers their productivity. If not dealt with propertly, milk cows with lameness may eventually be laid off. However, limping diseases of a milk cow have complicated causes, higher rates of incidence, longer course, and are often hard to cure, which then seriously affects the milk cow's productivity and life. As a result, such disease can cause huge economic loss to diary cattle industry. By using a 5-grade lameness evaluation method, an experiment was carried out at a scaleful diary farm in Heilongjiang Province, in an effor to analyze the impact of ranching environment and management measures towards lameness of cows. Keywords: Lameness evaluation, limping disease, breeding management
蹄病是奶牛的几大疾病之一，在生产上引起的损失较大，因为蹄病淘汰的牛数量较多，占的比例较大。对于牛的蹄病，目前主要是进行护蹄、修蹄和临床的治疗，可是我多年的生产经验说明，很多人对蹄病还不太了解。如果想把蹄病搞清楚，首先应该明白一个概念，就是蹄病是一个非常含糊和笼统的观念，它实际上包括很多疾病。如果想在蹄病方面做得更好，首先要把这些病搞清楚，而搞清这些病的前提是对牛蹄的解剖结构有大体了解。具体可以参考：
Abstract cow hoof disease has been haunting the production of a cow problem, cow hoof is important to support and campaign organ, Sports can play through the pump function, promote blood circulation. Neatsfoot health is directly related to the high-yielding cow, productivity and the use of life. Cows are related to the superior performance can play the most important factor. Confinement way with the rapid development and yield cows upgrade the standard of foot disease on dairy industry growing hazards, Each rangeland management is the most difficult one. Hoof disease has been present in dairy production as second only to mastitis and reproductive system diseases cow forced out of the three major diseases If not cow pasture feeding and management attention on prevention and treatment, will foot the morbidity rate high Cow seriously affect yield and efficiency. To study the treatment of diseases of the foot we use the following experiment Niuti integrated control measures for some time. hoof disease morbidity and by and to 4%. Amoy death rate from to and . Severely deformed right foot for foot corrective amendments, Amendment hoofed week than one month after the amendment foot a month ago to increase milk production and words : cattle; Hoof disease; Integrated pest management; ; Movement organs; Clinical results
仅供参考：An Investigation into the Situations of Lameness Disease in a Scaleful Diary Farm in Helongjiang ProvcinceSummary: Lameness is a common disease among milk cows that is caused by external injuries, bacterial or virus infections, or mal-nutrition. Lameness not only affects milk cows with their breeding and management, but also significantly lowers their productivity. If not dealt with propertly, milk cows with lameness may eventually be laid off. However, limping diseases of a milk cow have complicated causes, higher rates of incidence, longer course, and are often hard to cure, which then seriously affects the milk cow's productivity and life. As a result, such disease can cause huge economic loss to diary cattle industry. By using a 5-grade lameness evaluation method, an experiment was carried out at a scaleful diary farm in Heilongjiang Province, in an effor to analyze the impact of ranching environment and management measures towards lameness of cows. Keywords: Lameness evaluation, limping disease, breeding management
Abstract: claudication disease is a disease often cows, there are the more common cause of traumatic, bacterial, viral or by malnutrition and other reasons. Not only affect the normal feeding and management, but also lead to the production performance of dairy cows decreased significantly; if not handled properly will even cause the cow culling. Since the cow hoofdisease causes complex, high incidence rate, longer course of disease,cure is difficult, has the serious influence on the performance and service life of production. Therefore, the disease has caused great economiclosses to the dairy industry. Through this experiment, 5 claudicationevaluation method, one of Heilongjiang large-scale dairy farm were limpevaluation. Analysis of the influence of rearing environment andmanagement measures of cow : claudication evaluation, hoof disease, feeding and management
奶牛蹄病是奶牛生产中的常见病，轻则引起奶牛跛行，重则引起奶牛瘫痪，如不加以重视，则会增加生产成本，降低经济效益。临床上主要有蹄变形和腐蹄病两种。蹄变形指蹄的形状发生改变。由于蹄变形发生后所呈现的形状不同，临床上可分为长蹄、宽蹄、翻卷蹄三种。腐蹄病乳牛病蹄病是指蹄的真皮和角质层组织发生化脓性病理过程的一种疾病，其特征是真皮坏死与化脓，角质溶解，病牛疼痛，跛行。
蹄病是奶牛的几大疾病之一，在生产上引起的损失较大，因为蹄病淘汰的牛数量较多，占的比例较大。对于牛的蹄病，目前主要是进行护蹄、修蹄和临床的治疗，可是我多年的生产经验说明，很多人对蹄病还不太了解。如果想把蹄病搞清楚，首先应该明白一个概念，就是蹄病是一个非常含糊和笼统的观念，它实际上包括很多疾病。如果想在蹄病方面做得更好，首先要把这些病搞清楚，而搞清这些病的前提是对牛蹄的解剖结构有大体了解。具体可以参考：