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中医学论文中英文摘要的区别

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中医学论文中英文摘要的区别

Review article评论文章对别人的论述进行评论的文章。Research article研究论文搞某方面研究而写的论文报告。

英文摘要格式

①首行居中打印论文英文标题(TimesNewRoman四号加粗)。

②下空一行居中打印英文单词“Abstract”(TimesNewRoman小四号加粗)。

③下空一行打印摘要内容(TimesNewRoman小四,倍行距,两端对齐)。

④摘要内容后下空一行打印“KeyWords”(TimesNewRoman小四号加粗),其后接着打印关键词(3-7个关键词,TimesNewRoman小四号)。除了专有名词外,其他单词的首字母不大写。各关键词之间用分号隔开,最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。

⑤摘要正文各自然段首行空5个字符。

中文摘要:

①首行居中打印论文中文标题(宋体四号加粗)。

②下空一行居中打印“摘要”二字(宋体小四号加粗),字间空一字符。

③“摘要”二字下空一行打印摘要内容(宋体小四号)。

④摘要内容后下空一行打印“关键词”三字(宋体小四号加粗),其后接着打印关键词(3-7个,宋体小四号),各关键词之间用逗号隔开,最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。

把握好内容的一致性

关于学术期刊论文中英文摘要的一致性,两"规范"都明确规定:英文题名应与中文题名含义一致,英文摘要的内容应与中文摘要相对应,中、英文关键词应一一对应。

可见,中英文摘要的一致性主要是指含义、内容、数量和顺序的一致性。英文摘要应忠实、准确地反映中文摘要的内容,不能随意更改或删去中文摘要的重点内容或重要信息,不能随意增补中文摘要中未提及的内容。

但这并不意味着英文摘要是中文摘要的硬性对译,如果受汉语思维的影响生硬地按照中文字面意思直译或进行句对句、词对词的一一对译,一个词也不改动,这不仅会导致在表达上出现中式英语的现象,而且会使英文摘要用词重复累赘、句子繁杂冗长、语义不流畅。

1、具体含义不同

review article的意思是评论文章,即我们常见的评论性文章。research article的意思是论文, 是学术型作品。

2、使用场合不同

review article常见于各大报刊媒体中,使用广泛,偏口语;research article仅限于学术场合,使用较少。

例句:

Our law review article on nontraditional law enforcement.

我们的法律评论:非正统的执行法律。

How to evaluation a surgical research article with skimming.

如何快速阅读和评价一篇外科学论文。

扩展资料

词汇解析:

1、review article

英文发音:[rɪˈvjuː ˈɑːrtɪkl]

中文释义:评论文章

例句:

Other review article, it is of the topics on the progress of certain diseases and medical elaboration.

其它的综述文章,则是作者对某些疾病和医学专题进展的详细阐述。

2、research article

英文发音:[ˈriːsɜːrtʃ ˈɑːrtɪkl]

中文释义:学术论文;研究论文;研究文章;研究性论文

例句:

A Contrastive Analysis on Generic Structure of Chinese and English Research Article Abstracts.

中英文研究性论文摘要的语类结构对比分析。

通俗的说,前者是不用有实验的实验,对前人的研究进行总结分析;后者是建立在实验结果的基础上。

中医学论文中英文摘要

Objective: Through the study of animal experiments to observe the United Yishen soup benazepril 5 / 6 nephrectomized rats renal function improved efficacy and reduced TGF-β1 expression in renal tissue and other advantages, and to explore the soup Yishen possible to improve the renal function of mechanism of action. Methods: 1. Select SPF class healthy adult male SD rats with 50 only as the research object, adaptive feeding one weeks later, 10 randomly selected as the sham-operated group (A group), and the remaining 40 with 5 / 6 nephrectomy CRF-made law model. 2. After the success of model selection criteria in line with the study group 32 rats were divided into B: model group, 8; C groups: benazepril group 8; D group: the Chinese Medicines Board 8; E Group : Yishen Decoction United benazepril group referred to as traditional Chinese and western medicine group of eight, together with the A Group of 5 Group. 3. Successful modeling start after delivery, the groups were given corresponding drugs decoction. 4. The end of the experiment 24 hours after the detection of urinary protein and blood BUN, Scr, RBC, Hb, and renal histology observation and renal tissue TGF-β1 expression assay. Results: 1. The general situation: during the experiment, sham-operated rats demonstrated alertness, quick reaction, dense fur, clean and shiny, growth, consumption and the activities had no significant abnormalities, weight gain; model group was significant malnutrition, make them apathetic, slow activity, loss of appetite, fluffy fur, haggard Matte, died in the course of treatment at 2, probably because of renal failure due consideration; benazepril rats than sham-operated group spirit apathetic, slow activity, fur, fluffy; medicine the performance of rats with similar benazepril group; WM rats with sham-operated rats without much difference in general performance, but dry dark fur. 2. Of blood BUN, Scr impact: benazepril group, traditional Chinese medicine group, in the WM group significantly decreased BUN, Scr level, compared with the model group has significant difference (P <), but still high in sham-operated group; traditional Chinese and western medicine group and the Chinese medicine group, benazepril group has significant difference (P <); Chinese medicine group and the benazepril group was no significant difference (P> ). 3. Hematology impact: Chinese medicine group and the TCM-WM group was significantly increased blood RBC, Hb, compared with the model group has statistically significant difference (P <), but the difference between the two groups was not significant (P> ); benazepril group compared with the model group was no significant difference (P> ). 5. Pathologic changes, acceptance of renal rat subtotal excision were visible matrix hyperplasia, glomerular sclerosis, but the model group compared to the treatment group significantly lesser degree of glomerular sclerosis, one of traditional Chinese and western medicine to renal small ball for the lightest sclerosis; Immunohistochemistry results showed that the treatment group in renal tissue expression of TGF-β1 were significantly lower than model group (P <), and traditional Chinese and western medicine group can reduce the TGF-B1 in renal tissue Expression, and traditional Chinese medicine group and the benazepril group has statistically significant difference (P <). Conclusion: Yishen soup through Yiqi Jianpi, huoxuehuayu, dampness Xiexin Turbidimetry, CRF can reduce blood BUN, Scr, improve anemia and reduce proteinuria, can be reduced effectively with 5 / 6 nephrectomy-induced CRF rat kidney tissue expression of TGF-β1, thereby reducing the accumulation of ECM, slowing the development of renal fibrosis, and delay the progress of CRF. Fully Yishen soup has a good anti-renal fibrosis, but also after the United benazepril better efficacy.

Objective To evaluate acute and long2term angiographic and clinical outcomes of longstent or multiple overlapped stents (length ≥ 20 mm) implantation for diffuse atherosclerosis lesions inoctogenarians. Methods Long stent or multiple overlapped stents implantation was performed on 111diffuse native coronary lesions ( Group O : 47 lesions in 44 octogenarians ; Group Y: 64 lesions in 58 patientsaged under 60) . Baseline demographic , lesion characteristic , angiographic and procedural details weresimilar in these 2 groups. Six2month clinical and angiographic follow2up was completed in all cases. In2hospital and long2term outcomes were evaluated. Results Procedure success was 100 %for both had in2hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) . There was no significant difference inangiographic binary restenosis ( ≥50 % diameter stenosis) rate between the groups at follow2up ( Group Ovs. Group Y, 1218 % vs1 1019 % at 32month , 2918 % vs. 2616 % at 62month , P > 0105) . The rates oftarget lesion revascularization and MACE at follow2up were less in Group Y, but it showed no statisticalsignificance (718 % vs. 1016 % and 816 % vs. 1114 % at 32month , 1516 % vs. 2314 % and 2017 % % at 62month , respectively , P > 0105) . Conclusions Long stent implantation for diffuse lesionsin octogenarians appears safe and feasible , with high procedural success and favorable long2term outcomes.

医学论文格式

又到一年毕业季,下面我为大家提供了大学中医学毕业论文的标准格式,标准是非常详细的,共同学们参考借鉴。

关 于 毕 业 论 文 格 式 的 通 知,现将有关毕业论文的相关事宜通知如下:

为规范我校本科生毕业论文(设计)的写作,保证我校本科生毕业论文(设计)的质量,特制订《中国农业大学本科生毕业论文(设计)撰写基本规范》以下简称《规范》,教师须按照本《规范》要求指导学生撰写毕业论文(设计),学生须按照本《规范》要求撰写毕业论文(设计)。

一、毕业论文(设计)文本结构规范

1、毕业论文(设计)内容结构

(1)中、外文摘要 扼要叙述本论文(设计)的主要内容、特点,文字要精练、表述清晰。中文摘要约300字左右,外文摘要不宜超过250个实词;关键词要符合学科分类,一般为2-4个为宜,每个词均为专业名词(或词组),一词在6个字之内。中、外文关键词内容相对应。

(2)目录:详细列出毕业论文(设计)引言、章节、一级标题,标明页码。

(3)正文 (理工等类)包括选题背景、方案论证、过程(设计或实验)论述、结果分析(含技术经济论证)、结论或总结。

选题背景:说明本课题的来源、目的、意义、要解决的主要问题及应达到的.技术要求;简述本课题在国内外发展概况及存在的问题,本设计的指导思想。

方案论证:说明设计原理并进行方案选择,阐明要选择这个设计方案(包括各种方案的分析、比较)的理由以及所采用方案的特点。

过程(设计或实验)论述:指作者对自己研究工作的详细表述。要求真实反映研究过程,论理正确、论据充分、逻辑性强、层次分明、表达准确。

分析:对研究过程中所获得的主要的数据、现象进行定性或定量分析。

结论或总结:对整个研究工作进行归纳和综合,阐述本课题研究的结论和尚存在的问题及进一步开展研究的见解和建议。

注:文科及其它学科,可根据学科特点,参照上述结构制定统一的正文结构规范。

(4)参考文献:列出与毕业论文(设计)相关的文献,按标准引用格式书写。

(5)致谢:简述对毕业论文(设计)工作给予支持的老师和同学。

(6)附录 包括与论文有关的非必要的图表、计算机程序、计算书、运行结果,主要设备、仪器仪表的测试精度等。

2、工作量要求

(1) 论文(设计说明书)字数不应少于10000字;

(2) 原则上查阅文献10篇以上。

3、排版基本要求

(1)目录格式

格式如下:

中文摘           英文摘              Ⅱ 目                  Ⅲ 引    言                         1

1、××××××       4

×××××       4   ××××××       10

2、××××××××××××               18

结   语                     113 参考文献                     115 致    谢                       118 附    录………………………………………………………………121

(2)正文撰写规格

① 论文开本及版芯

论文开本大小:210mm×297mm(A4纸);

版芯要求:左边距:30mm,右边距:25mm,上边距:30mm;下边距:25mm,页眉边距:23mm,页脚边距:18mm;

② 标题

论文题目:

论文的题名,用黑体、三号或16pt,段前、段后间距为1行。

章节标题:

论文分三级标题:

一级标题:黑体,四号或16pt,段前、段后间距为1行;

二级标题:黑体,小四号或14pt,段前、段后间距为1行;

三级标题:黑体,小四号或12pt,段前、段后间距为1行。

上述段前、段后间距可适当调节,以便于控制正文合适的换页位置。

如:

1  材料和方法(一级标题4号黑体)

 试验材料(二级标题小4号黑体)

□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□。(正文5号宋体)

 试验方法

试验设计(三级标题5号黑体)

□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□。

仪器和药品

□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□。

③ 正文字体及页眉、页脚

正文字体:正文采用五号宋体,行间距为18磅;图、表标题采用小五号黑体;表格中文字、图例说明采用小五号宋体;表注采用六号宋体。

页眉、页脚文字均采用小五号宋体,页眉左侧为“中国农业大学学士学位论文”,右(3磅);单面打印时页码排在页脚居中位置,双面打印时页码分别按左右排在切口一侧。

物理量符号和数学变量的外文字母采用斜体,计量单位的字母采用正体,其他内容的字母采用正体。英文、罗马字符一般采用Time New Roman正体。

④ 图纸、图表要求

文中所列图形应有所选择,照片不得直接粘贴,须经扫描后以图片形式插入。图纸、图表布局合理,整洁,线条粗细均匀,标注规范,注释准确;工程图纸必须按国家规定标准或工程要求绘制。其他详细要求见附文。

(2)参考文献

为了反映文稿真实和广泛的科学依据,体现文稿作者严谨的科学态度和对他人研究成果的尊重,方便读者检索和查考相关资料,文稿应按规范著录相关参考文稿。参考文稿的著录通常采用顺序编码制或著者一出版年制两种方式。本《规范》规定采用顺序编码制,即在正文中按顺序在引用参考文献处文字的右上角[]标明参考文献的序号,正文后按引用顺序编制参考文献表,参考文献表中的序号与正文中[]的序号一致。

参考文献的著录,按著录/题名/出版事项顺序排列。

期刊:著者.题名.期刊名称,出版年,卷号(期号):起始页码

书籍:著者.书名.版次(第一版不标注).出版地:出版者,出版年.起始页码(选择项)

注:参考中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T7714-2005

(3)毕业论文(设计)封面设计

封皮须使用学校指定纸张和样式。

二、基本规范要求的执行

1、毕业论文(设计)指导教师及答辩小组,负责组织对本单位学生毕业论文(设计)的基本规范要求进行审查。

2、毕业论文(设计)的基本规范要求的审查在毕业论文(设计)答辩前完成,审查合格者经指导教师签字后方可参加答辩。论文不符合本规范要求者,应要求修改,直到达到要求才能参加答辩。

3.学生参加答辩应提交经指导教师审阅并装订好的论文或设计说明书。

论文成稿之后必须要胶装成册,一式3份!

Objective: Through the study of animal experiments to observe the United Yishen soup benazepril 5 / 6 nephrectomized rats renal function improved efficacy and reduced TGF-β1 expression in renal tissue and other advantages, and to explore the soup Yishen possible to improve the renal function of mechanism of action. Methods: 1. Select SPF class healthy adult male SD rats with 50 only as the research object, adaptive feeding one weeks later, 10 randomly selected as the sham-operated group (A group), and the remaining 40 with 5 / 6 nephrectomy CRF-made law model. 2. After the success of model selection criteria in line with the study group 32 rats were divided into B: model group, 8; C groups: benazepril group 8; D group: the Chinese Medicines Board 8; E Group : Yishen Decoction United benazepril group referred to as traditional Chinese and western medicine group of eight, together with the A Group of 5 Group. 3. Successful modeling start after delivery, the groups were given corresponding drugs decoction. 4. The end of the experiment 24 hours after the detection of urinary protein and blood BUN, Scr, RBC, Hb, and renal histology observation and renal tissue TGF-β1 expression assay. Results: 1. The general situation: during the experiment, sham-operated rats demonstrated alertness, quick reaction, dense fur, clean and shiny, growth, consumption and the activities had no significant abnormalities, weight gain; model group was significant malnutrition, make them apathetic, slow activity, loss of appetite, fluffy fur, haggard Matte, died in the course of treatment at 2, probably because of renal failure due consideration; benazepril rats than sham-operated group spirit apathetic, slow activity, fur, fluffy; medicine the performance of rats with similar benazepril group; WM rats with sham-operated rats without much difference in general performance, but dry dark fur. 2. Of blood BUN, Scr impact: benazepril group, traditional Chinese medicine group, in the WM group significantly decreased BUN, Scr level, compared with the model group has significant difference (P <), but still high in sham-operated group; traditional Chinese and western medicine group and the Chinese medicine group, benazepril group has significant difference (P <); Chinese medicine group and the benazepril group was no significant difference (P> ). 3. Hematology impact: Chinese medicine group and the TCM-WM group was significantly increased blood RBC, Hb, compared with the model group has statistically significant difference (P <), but the difference between the two groups was not significant (P> ); benazepril group compared with the model group was no significant difference (P> ). 5. Pathologic changes, acceptance of renal rat subtotal excision were visible matrix hyperplasia, glomerular sclerosis, but the model group compared to the treatment group significantly lesser degree of glomerular sclerosis, one of traditional Chinese and western medicine to renal small ball for the lightest sclerosis; Immunohistochemistry results showed that the treatment group in renal tissue expression of TGF-β1 were significantly lower than model group (P <), and traditional Chinese and western medicine group can reduce the TGF-B1 in renal tissue Expression, and traditional Chinese medicine group and the benazepril group has statistically significant difference (P <). Conclusion: Yishen soup through Yiqi Jianpi, huoxuehuayu, dampness Xiexin Turbidimetry, CRF can reduce blood BUN, Scr, improve anemia and reduce proteinuria, can be reduced effectively with 5 / 6 nephrectomy-induced CRF rat kidney tissue expression of TGF-β1, thereby reducing the accumulation of ECM, slowing the development of renal fibrosis, and delay the progress of CRF. Fully Yishen soup has a good anti-renal fibrosis, but also after the United benazepril better efficacy.

辨证与辨病的区别论文摘要

辩证和辨证的区别如下:

1、“辨证”跟“辩证”比较接近,有时意思有相同之处,但词义的侧重点有所不同。“辨证”跟“辩证”相同的地方是都可用来表示“辨析考证”。

例如:这是史学上存在多年的一个疑案,他在文章中对这个问题进行了反复辨证,讨论得很深入,有不少新的见解。

2、“辨证”跟“辩证”还各有自己的意思,不能混用:

“辨证”也是中医的术语,表示根据症状,依据中医理论全面分析,作出判断,进行治疗。这时,其中的“证”多认为同“症”,也可以视为中医理论中说的“证候”。

例如:中医讲究辨证施治,某些慢性病经过中医治疗后,效果很好。

3、“辩证”还是与哲学有关的术语,一般用作形容词,意思是“合乎辩证法的”。

例如:强和弱都不是绝对的,强与弱的关系不是永恒不变的。应当辩证地看待这一对矛盾。

扩展资料

依照苏格拉底的观点,真理被认为是最重要的,唯有基于理性(类似于逻辑,而不是感情),才是说服别人与及发现真理的正确方法,并且是一个人行为的决定性因素。他认为真理能够在讨论所使用的推理和逻辑中被发现。

马克思主义哲学在唯物主义的基础上实现了辩证法、认识论和逻辑学三者的统一。它们在内容上一致的基础是客观世界的辩证发展即客观辩证法;自觉地实现三者一致,把它们统一起来的基础是社会实践。人类在认识过程和逻辑思维中自觉地反映客观辩证法,就有可能在实践中自觉地按客观规律办事,推动社会的发展。

(1)辨证论治的概念所谓“辨证”,是在中医理论指导下,对四诊收集到的病情资料进行辨别、分析、综合,判断其证候类型的思维过程。“论治”,又叫施治,是根据辨证分析的结果,来确定相应的治疗原则和治疗方法。辨证是决定治疗的前提和依据,论治则是治疗疾病的手段和方法。所以,辨证论治的过程就是中医学认识疾病和治疗疾病的过程,有效指导了临床理法方药的具体应用。(2)症、证、病的概念及其关系症,即症状和体征的总称。证,即证候,是疾病发生和演变过程中某一阶段病理本质的反 映,它以一组相关的症状和体征为依据,不同程度地揭示出患者当前的病机(由病邪、病位、病性、病势等综合而成)。病,即疾病,是在病因作用下,正邪斗争、阴阳失调所引起的具有该病特 定发展规律的病变全过程,具体表现为若干特定的症状和不同阶段前后衔接的证候。症、证、病三者既有联系,又有区别。症状和体征是辨别证候和诊断疾病的基本要素,证是 疾病某一阶段的反映,病所反映的是疾病的全过程。中医强调辨证,也不忽视辨病,提倡把辨证与辨病结合起来,它既要求去辨别该病全过程的变化规律,又要求去辨别现阶段的证候类型。

【答案】:根据病确定治疗的方法,称为辨病论治;根据证确定治疗的方法,称为辨证论治。辨病论治的优点,在于通观疾病的全过程,根据整个疾病的特点提出治疗方案,这种方案多能抓住疾病的本质,但是,由于疾病是一个完整的过程,时间长,变化多,很难确定统一的具体的治疗方法。而证是反映疾病在某一阶段的病理变化实质,根据证确定治疗方法比辨病论治更具体,更贴切,更具有可操作性。但是,证不能反映病的全貌,只能反映疾病的某一阶段,所以只进行辨证而不辨病是不能掌握全局。因此,辨病论治和辨证论治相结合,才是诊断和治疗疾病的最佳方案。

中英摘要医学论文

[摘要]根据自己在编审医学论文英文摘要工作中的实际经验,总结和归纳在翻译医学论文摘要时应注意的问题及使用的方法、策略,重点论述医学论文英文摘要的写作格式、文章标题的表达方式、语态和时态的使用、长难句翻译等。[关键词]医学论文;英语摘要;写作;翻译为繁荣医学教育,提高医疗水平,传播医学知识,促进同国外的医学交流,推动医学科学的进步,我国目前已出版发行了数百种医学期刊。为了方便论文的检索和查阅,保持同国外医学期刊的一致性,医学论文大多要求书写中、英文摘要。笔者在医学期刊的英文编辑工作中发现,相当一部分摘要的书写不够规范,部分作者在遇到长句及疑难句子时就不知从何下手,有的将检索的外文资料生搬硬抄,同自己的原文完全不对应。笔者特撰写此文,以期对提高广大医务工作者书写英文摘要的水平、提高医学论文的质量有所帮助。1 英文摘要的写作格式医学论文摘要的格式目前主要采用结构式摘要(structured abstract),它是由加拿大Mc Master大学临床流行病学和生物统计学教授Haynes博士[1]于1990年4月首先提出的。而几乎在同年,美国《内科学纪事》(Annals of Internal Medicine'Ann Intern Med)在国际上率先应用结构式摘要[2],随之,世界各国的医学期刊都采用了结构式摘要[3]。这些结构式摘要有8段式、7段式、6段式、5段式、4段式及3段式等,内容主要包括研究目的、研究设计、研究单位、研究对象或病人、处理方法、检测方法、结果及结论共8项。而在实际应用中,8段式结构式摘要逐渐简化为4段式。我国大多数医学期刊都采用了4段式结构式摘要,即目的、方法、结果和结论。(1)目的(objective):简要说明研究的目的,表明研究的范围、内容和重要性,常常涵盖文章的标题内容。(2)方法(methods):简要说明研究课题的设计思路,使用何种材料和方法,如何对照分组,如何处理数据等。(3)结果(results):简要介绍研究的主要结果和数据,有何新发现,说明其价值及局限。此外,还要给出结果的置信值,统计学显著性检验的确切值。(4)结论(conclusion):简要对以上的研究结果进行分析或讨论,并进行总结,给出符合科学规律的结论。为了更好地说明问题,我们来看下例:(1)目的:探讨螺旋CT(SCT)对结、直肠癌术前分期的价值。(2)方法:51例疑诊结、直肠肿瘤的患者行SCT扫描,扫描前清洁肠道,并经直肠注气,扫描范围从膈顶至耻骨联合。51例中,41例经直肠镜或手术病理证实为结、直肠癌,其中31例有手术、SCT等完整资料参与分期研究,将影像诊断与手术病理结果进行对照。(3)结果:SCT总的分期准确率为(18/31),判断T分期的准确率为(27/32)'N分期的准确率为(19/31)。评价肿瘤浆膜外侵犯的敏感性和特异性分别为和。(4)结论:SCT扫描对结、直肠癌的术前分期有重要价值,有助于判断肿瘤浆膜外侵犯及区域淋巴结和远处转移情况。其对应的英文摘要为:(1)Objective:To evaluate spiral CT (SCT) in the preoperative staging of colorectal carcinomas. (2)Methods:Fifty?one patients suspicious of having colorectal carcinoma underwent spiral CT scans performed from the dome of the diaphragm to symphysis pubica after cleansing enema and rectal air insufflation. 41 of the 51 patients were proved to have colorectal carcinoma by colonoscopy and/or pathology. The findings of SCT of 31 patients treated with surgery were compared with the surgical pathological examination for staging.(3)Results:The overall accuracy rate of SCT staging was (18/31). For evaluation of T staging and N staging'the accuracy rates were (27/32) and (19/31). Sensitivity and specificity for serosal infiltration were and .(4)Conclusion:SCT scan'playing a significant role in the preoperative staging of colorectal carcinoma'is useful to detect the serosal infiltration'lymph node and distant metastasis.上述摘要中英文对应准确,叙述简练,基本上概括了全文的主要内容,便于专家和编辑的审稿和校对,也便于医务工作者以及普通读者的查阅和检索。

要求 1.简明扼要(short and concise) (1)尽量控制在一行,但不是一个句子 (2)不超过25个单词或120-140个字母 (3)除DNA、RNA、CT等不用缩写 2.信息丰富(informative) 3.便于索引(indexing) 4.较长标题可采用副标题

这个建议楼主多看一些医学论文的范文。或者缠一下老师什么的,总之得靠自己..哈哈

那好好 看看 医学论文的 例子 就知道怎么写了

医学论文中英文摘要

NaQing sex deep overburden front teeth tooth meets the clinical experience treatmentAbstract: objective to investigate NaQing sexual front teeth tooth overburden match not deep treatment of factors, correction method and the matters needing attention. Methods selection NaQing sex deep overburden front teeth and 18 cases, are not case tooth correction. Results treatment completion time 15 to 21 months, average months. Correction by first teeth together, facial side cover normal appearance was coordination. Conclusion anterior tooth NaQing sex should be repeated in deep choosing good indications fits the tooth under treatment.

Clinical Experience in the Non-extraction Correction of Lingual Tripping Deep Bite of the Front : Objective: To explore the factors, methods and matters of caution regarding the non-extraction correction of lingual tripping deep bite of the front : To select 18 cases of lingual tripping deep bite of the front teeth and conduct relevant non-extraction corrections. Result: The correction work was completed in 15-21 months, the average of each correction was months. The overbite and overjet of the front teeth of patients have become normal and the facial profiles harmonized after the : Non-extraction correction of lingual tripping deep bite of the front teeth should be conducted only on well selected indications. 【英语牛人团】

医学英文论文摘要的写作方法

1. 论文摘要的作用:     “The function of the abstract of a scientific paper is to provide an overview of the paper so that the readers know the main story and a few essential details of your work without reading the hole text of the paper. The abstract should make sense both when read alone and when read with the paper.” – URMSMJ 1.    摘要的分类: 摘要分为两大类:通报性或指示性摘要(indicative abstract)和报道性或资料性摘要(informative abstract) 1)  指示性摘要:只通报论文主题,不介绍研究的材料、方法和结果,一般用现在时表述。许多专业杂志在其目录页的标题下都有一个指示性摘要,特别是编者认为较重要的一些文章标题后。如:Free transfer of two undamaged fingers from a non-replantable left arm to a mutilated right hand in a 16-month-old boy is reported. (本文报道将一无法再植的左臂上的两个未受损伤的手指移植给一16岁男孩被切断的右手。) 1) 资料性摘要:告诉读者研究的总体情况,使他们了解研究的目的、材料、方法、结果、结论以及存在的问题。资料性摘要分为传统型或非结构式(non-structured)和结构式(structured)两大类型。无论何种形式的摘要,都应包含以下几个基本要素: 1)主题(Main topic as in title) 2)目的(Purpose of research) 3)方法(Methodology) 4)材料(Materials) 5)结果(Results) 6)结论(Conclusions) 非结构式摘要:段落不明,给编辑、审稿、阅读及计算机处理带来诸多不便。 1)全结构式(full-structured)摘要: 1974年4月,加拿大McMaster 大学医学中心的Dr R Brian Haynes首先提出建立临床研究论文的结构式摘要。在 Dr Edward J Huth创导下,美国《内科学记事》(Annuals of Internal Medicine)在国际上率先采用了全结构式(full-structured)摘要。 Haynes所提出的全结构式摘要包含8个要素: 1.目的(Objective):说明论文要解决的问题 2.设计(Design):说明研究的基本设计,包括的'研究性质 3.地点(Setting):说明进行研究的地点和研究机构的等级 4.对象(Patients' participants or subjects):说明参加并完成研究的病人或受试者的性质、数量及挑选方法 5.处理(Interventions):说明确切的治疗或处理方法 6.主要测定项目(Main outcome measures):说明为评定研究结果而进行的主要测定项目 7.结果(Results):说明主要客观结果 结论(Conclusion):说明主要结论,包括直接临床应用意义与非结构式摘要相比,全结构式摘要观点更明确(more explicitness),信息量更大(more information),差错更少(fewer errors),同时也更符合计算机数据库的建立和使用要求。但其缺点也是显而易见的,即烦琐、重复、篇幅过长' 而且不是所有研究都能按以上8个要素分类的。于是更多的杂志扬长避短,采用半结构式(semi-structured)摘要。 1)半结构式(semi-structured)摘要:半结构式摘要也称为四要素摘要,包括:目的(objective/purpose/aim)、方法(methods)、结果(results)和结论(conclusion)采用何种摘要形式要根据各杂志的具体要求而定。目前国内许多杂志正从非结构式摘要向半结构式摘要过度。 3.摘要中时态的应用: 我们在Unit One 讨论了论文中时态应用的基本原则。这些基本原则同样适用于摘要的写作中。1)目的部分:背景介绍:一般现在时或现在完成时目的说明:一般现在时/现在完成时,或一般过去时2)材料、方法和结果部分:除指示性说明外,一律用一般过去时。过去完成时只用于说明研究前的情况或研究中某一点时间之前发生的情况' 上文半结构式摘要示例中“At the end of pregnancy' the hypothysis had increased in vertical' anteroposterior' and transverse dimensions'…” 便是一例。3)结论部分:凡陈述研究的材料、方法和结果时,一律用过去时;分析结果或发现的原因时,或者提出结论性意见时,如果作者认为具有普遍意义,可用现在时;如果作者认为自己的分析或结论只限于本研究范围或者仅是一种可能性,则用一般过去时为好

这种比较专业性的好的免费的论文在网上很难找,就算找的应该也不是完整的,特别是免费的,建议你去学校图书馆阅览室,你不有阅览证吗?那里很多,选择性多呀,含金量也比较高.

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