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resource management (HRM) is the strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organization's most valued assets - the people working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the business.[1] The terms "human resource management" and "human resources" (HR) have largely replaced the term "personnel management" as a description of the processes involved in managing people in organizations.[1] Human Resource management is evolving rapidly. Human resource management is both an academic theory and a business practice that addresses the theoretical and practical techniques of managing a features include:Personnel administration Personnel management Manpower management Industrial management[2][3] But these traditional expressions are becoming less common for the theoretical discipline. Sometimes even industrial relations and employee relations are confusingly listed as synonyms,[4] although these normally refer to the relationship between management and workers and the behavior of workers in theoretical discipline is based primarily on the assumption that employees are individuals with varying goals and needs, and as such should not be thought of as basic business resources, such as trucks and filing cabinets. The field takes a positive view of workers, assuming that virtually all wish to contribute to the enterprise productively, and that the main obstacles to their endeavors are lack of knowledge, insufficient training, and failures of is seen by practitioners in the field as a more innovative view of workplace management than the traditional approach. Its techniques force the managers of an enterprise to express their goals with specificity so that they can be understood and undertaken by the workforce, and to provide the resources needed for them to successfully accomplish their assignments. As such, HRM techniques, when properly practiced, are expressive of the goals and operating practices of the enterprise overall. HRM is also seen by many to have a key role in risk reduction within organisations.[5]Synonyms such as personnel management are often used in a more restricted sense to describe activities that are necessary in the recruiting of a workforce, providing its members with payroll and benefits, and administrating their work-life needs. So if we move to actual definitions, Torrington and Hall (1987) define personnel management as being:“a series of activities which: first enable working people and their employing organisations to agree about the objectives and nature of their working relationship and, secondly, ensures that the agreement is fulfilled" (p. 49).While Miller (1987) suggests that HRM relates to:".......those decisions and actions which concern the management of employees at all levels in the business and which are related to the implementation of strategies directed towards creating and sustaining competitive advantage" (p. 352).Academic theoryThe goal of human resource management is to help an organization to meet strategic goals by attracting, and maintaining employees and also to manage them effectively. The key word here perhaps is "fit", . a HRM approach seeks to ensure a fit between the management of an organization's employees, and the overall strategic direction of the company (Miller, 1989).The basic premise of the academic theory of HRM is that humans are not machines, therefore we need to have an interdisciplinary examination of people in the workplace. Fields such as psychology, industrial engineering, industrial and organizational psychology, industrial relations, sociology, and critical theories: postmodernism, post-structuralism play a major role. Many colleges and universities offer bachelor and master degrees in Human Resources widely used scheme to describe the role of HRM, developed by Dave Ulrich, defines 4 fields for the HRM function:[6]Strategic business partner Change agent Employee champion Administration However, many HR functions these days struggle to get beyond the roles of administration and employee champion, and are seen rather as reactive than strategically proactive partners for the top management. In addition, HR organizations also have the difficulty in proving how their activities and processes add value to the company. Only in the recent years HR scholars and HR professionals are focusing to develop models that can measure if HR adds value.[7]Critical Academic TheoryPostmodernism plays an important part in Academic Theory and particularly in Critical Theory. Indeed Karen Legge in 'Human Resource Management: Rhetorics and Realities' possess the debate of whether HRM is a modernist project or a postmodern discourse (Legge 2004). In many ways, critically or not, many writers contend that HRM itself is an attempt to move away from the modernist traditions of personnel (man as machine) towards a postmodernist view of HRM (man as individuals). Critiques include the notion that because 'Human' is the subject we should recognize that people are complex and that it is only through various discourses that we understand the world. Man is not Machine, no matter what attempts are made to change it . Fordism / Taylorism, McDonaldisation (Modernism).Critical Theory also questions whether HRM is the pursuit of "attitudinal shaping" (Wilkinson 1998), particularly when considering empowerment, or perhaps more precisely pseudo-empowerment - as the critical perspective notes. Many critics note the move away from Man as Machine is often in many ways, more a Linguistic (discursive) move away than a real attempt to recognise the Human in Human Resource Theory, in particular postmodernism (poststructualism), recognises that because the subject is people in the workplace, the subject is a complex one, and therefore simplistic notions of 'the best way' or a unitary perspectives on the subject are too simplistic. It also considers the complex subject of power, power games, and office politics. Power in the workplace is a vast and complex subject that cannot be easily defined. This leaves many critics to suggest that Management 'Gurus', consultants, 'best practice' and HR models are often overly simplistic, but in order to sell an idea, they are simplified, and often lead Management as a whole to fall into the trap of oversimplifying the practiceHuman resources management comprises several processes. Together they are supposed to achieve the above mentioned goal. These processes can be performed in an HR department, but some tasks can also be outsourced or performed by line-managers or other planning Recruitment (sometimes separated into attraction and selection) Induction and Orientation Skills management Training and development Personnel administration Compensation in wage or salary Time management Travel management (sometimes assigned to accounting rather than HRM) Payroll (sometimes assigned to accounting rather than HRM) Employee benefits administration Personnel cost planning Performance appraisal CareersThe sort of careers available in HRM are varied. There are generalist HRM jobs such as human resource assistant. There are careers involved with employment, recruitment and placement and these are usually conducted by interviewers, EOE (Equal Opportunity Employment) specialists or college recruiters. Training and development specialism is often conducted by trainers and orientation specialists. Compensation and benefits tasks are handled by compensation analysts, salary administrators, and benefits organizationsProfessional organizations in HRM include the Society for Human Resource Management, the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD), the International Public Management Association for HR (IPMA-HR) and the International Personnel Management Association of Canada (IPMA-Canada).Management Association of Nepal [MAN]人力资源管理，是指为了完成管理工作中涉及人或人事方面的任务所进行的管理工作。人力资源管理工作包括：工作分析；制定人力需求计划以及人员招募；培训及开发；薪酬及福利管理、绩效评估；劳动关系管理等。人力资源管理愈来愈被重视。在经济发展成熟的体系下，人力资源管理必须配合以争取最佳的资源效益，若将不适当的人力配对不适当的职位，资源效益不但全无，或可能有损耗。现代经济讲求平衡及配合，提升管理效能和质素，就要人力资源配合以作平衡，个中的内容是设立人力资源架构框架，用最适合的人做最适合的工作。建立人力资源平台，作为沟通及搜集资讯渠道，将各方意见综合，舍短取长，以处理薪酬、福利等事宜。人力资源最重要是培训及发展，人力资源发展必须投资在培训方面，以发挥各阶层的人力资源潜能。发展简史在现实世界不同的国家人力资源的发展情况以及历史都不同。一般说来，人力资源的学术界发展经历了：人事管理（Personnel Management），人力资源管理（Human Resource Management）到现在新近兴起的人力资本管理（Human Capital Management）。其只要不同即在于公司和企业对待职员的理念的变化和发展。在人事管理阶段，人事经理们的工作是管理职工福利，以及和工会的法律程序方面。公司的上层管理部门将人事部门的各种活动以及公司职员皆看作公司的大笔纯支出，而尽可能的削减这部分的开支。公司对人事部的活动持不积极的支持态度。 在人力资源管理阶段，企业员工被看成企业的可以增值的资产而被发展以期充分利用潜能。人力资源部门充分利用职位分析，工作分析，职位概述，人员选择和招聘，员工培训等等活动来提高企业员工的效率，从而增加企业的管理和运营更加有效。当一个公司实行人力资源管理战略的时候，人力资源部门将被纳入公司战略计划的一个重要组成部分。公司的未来发展，市场拓展，新产品研发等等都要牵扯到人力资源部门的支持，协调与合作。人力资源被作为提高公司竞争力的战略手段而被重视。除此之外，人力资源管理就是协助公司去激励员工，透过一些物质上的满足和一些财务奖励，从而增加员工的对公司归属感、增加员工士气和减低对工作的不满等¨。有高昂的士气会使工作更加有效率和使工作更加顺利，最终公司和员工也各有得益。 在人力资本管理阶段，人力部门的基本职责仍与人力资源管理时期相似，但是企业员工不再被看作有发展潜力的资产，而是公司可以利用的资本。人力资源部门的各项活动被量化与公司的利润率挂钩，并且这也是衡量职工和各部门是否有效工作的主要手段。 主要职能人力资源管理的主要职能包括：人员招募；培训及开发；薪酬及福利管理。人员招募：人员招募又称为人员招聘。主要是基于组织（公司，政府，非盈利组织等）的近期及远期的业务需要，来制定人员需求的计划，并通过各种招聘手段来完成组织的人员需求。人员招募主要涉及人员规划，简历收集，选聘，录用及员工入职培训。培训及开发：培训及开发主要是通过一些培训及开发的技术及手段，提高员工的技能，以适应公司所处经营环境中的技术及知识的变化。主要的技术及手段有：培训 在岗培训 轮岗 员工继续教育计划 辅导，训导薪酬；福利管理：人力资源管理的内外部条件人力资源管理的外部条件劳动法规 劳动力市场 当地文化 人力资源管理的内部条件企业经营战略 国际化程度 人力资源部的组织设置有以下三种方式：职能型组织设置 人力规划 人力购得 培训与进修 工资和薪水 社会事业 对象型组织设置 技术类员工 管理类员工 领导层 受培训者 混合模式
论文的参考文献是指作者撰写学术论文过程中参考过、借鉴过、引用过的资料，引用参考文献是企业 人力资源管理 论文的一个重要组成部分。下面是我带来的关于企业人力资源管理论文参考文献的内容，欢迎阅读参考!
[1] 吴树青.陈占安等.毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想概论[M].高等 教育 出版社..
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[3] 张京宏沈宗南.HC-4R管理理论及应用[M].上海世新出版社.27.
[4] 芦彩梅.梁嘉哗.中国民营企业人力资源问题与对策思考.科技与管理[J]..
[5] 赵曙明.戴万稳。欧洲人力资源管理研究.外国与管理[J]..
[6] Mark A， 'he adoption of hish-involvement practices an dprocess in emergent and developing firms: a descriptive and prescriptive approach. Human Resource Management[J].
[7] Matthew . Human resource management problems over the life cycle of small to medium-sized Resource Management[J]..
[8] Hap Brakeley， Peter Cheese， David High-Performance Workforce Study[M]..
[9] 孙健敏.穆桂斌.中小民营企业人力资源管理的状况·经济管理[J]..
[1] 李小安.民营企业如何突破四大“瓶颈”闭.商业研究，2008, (5).
[2] 风杰中.《小企业创新》.东北 财经 大学出版社[M]. 2006.
[3] 刘昊.中小企业应加强人力资源管理建设阴[J].甘肃行政学院学报，2002, (6).
[4] 薛建刚.我国中小企业人力资源管理问题探析[J].科技资讯，2009, (4).
[5] 徐红.李涛浅析中小企业中的人力资源管理浅谈企业人力资源的管理与开发[J].中国高新技术企业，2007 (6).
[6] 石磊，罗键.企业人力资源管理与战略的匹配性研究[J].商业时代，2007， (9).
[7] 庄彪.完普企业人力资源绩效考核的 措施 [J].商场现代化，2008 (10).
[8] 清华.对我国中小企业人力资源管理的思考[J].现代营销，2010， (2).
[9] 李长禄，尚久悦.企业人力资源开发与管理[J]..大连:大连理工大学出版社，2006.
[10] 曾漫丰.我国中小型民营企业人力资源管理的问题及改进对策[D].
[11] 张清华.知识经济时代的人力资源管理[J]..工业技术经济，2004, (7).
[12] 魏明.论战略人力资源管理[J].重庆商学院学报，2002， (3).
[13] 清华.对我国中小企业人力资源管理的思考[J].，学苑版.
[14] 郭晶.钱谈中小企业人力资源管理问题与对策[J]..现代经济信息，2009 (3) .
[15] 朱晓敏.浅谈中小企业的人力资源管理田社会科学家[J].，2005 (2).
[1]李娜.我国人力资源会计理论向实务演变的困境及对策研究[D].山西:太原理工大学，21.
[2]张文贤.人力资源会计[M].北京:科学出版社，21.
[3][美〕埃里克瓜弗兰霍尔茨著，陈仁栋译，‘常勋，余绪缨校.人力资源管理会计[M].上海:上海翻译出版公司，1986.
[4]许静.关于人力资源会计有关问题的探讨[J].人力资源，211， (4): 85.
[5]提拉依木.高校人力资源会计运用的研究[D].江苏:河海大学，25.
[6]张文贤.人力资本[M].四川:四川出版集团，28. 1-9.
[7] 一涛.基于薪酬激励视角的高校人力资源价值计量模型构建[D].湖北:.武汉理工大学，28.
[8] 高鸿业.西方经济学(宏观部分)[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社，2.
[9] 企业人力资源管理论文参考文献.A Statemen of Basic Accounting Theory 1966 .
1. 人力资源会计论文参考文献
2. 人力资源会计论文提纲
3. 人力资源管理论文的参考文献
4. 人力资源管理论文参考文献
5. 人力资源管理论文的参考文献
6. 人力资源论文参考文献
Human Resources ManagementThe Human Resources Management (HRM) function includes a variety of activities, and key among them is deciding what staffing needs you have and whether to use independent contractors or hire employees to fill these needs, recruiting and training the best employees, ensuring they are high performers, dealing with performance issues, and ensuring your personnel and management practices conform to various regulations. Activities also include managing your approach to employee benefits and compensation, employee records and personnel policies. Usually small businesses (for-profit or nonprofit) have to carry out these activities themselves because they can't yet afford part- or full-time help. However, they should always ensure that employees have -- and are aware of -- personnel policies which conform to current regulations. These policies are often in the form of employee manuals, which all employees that some people distinguish a difference between between HRM (a major management activity) and HRD (Human Resource Development, a profession). Those people might include HRM in HRD, explaining that HRD includes the broader range of activities to develop personnel inside of organizations, including, eg, career development, training, organization development, is a long-standing argument about where HR-related functions should be organized into large organizations, eg, "should HR be in the Organization Development department or the other way around?"The HRM function and HRD profession have undergone tremendous change over the past 20-30 years. Many years ago, large organizations looked to the "Personnel Department," mostly to manage the paperwork around hiring and paying people. More recently, organizations consider the "HR Department" as playing a major role in staffing, training and helping to manage people so that people and the organization are performing at maximum capability in a highly fulfilling manner人力资源管理人力资源管理(HRM)的功能包括各种各样的活动,其中之一是决定哪些关键人员需求你有和是否使用独立承包人或雇用员工来填补这些需要,招聘并培训,确保他们是最好的员工高表演者,处理性能问题,并确保您的人员和管理措施符合各项规章制度。活动还包括管理你的员工福利和补偿方法、员工记录和人事政策。通常比较小的企业(盈利还是非盈利)不得不执行这些活动本身,因为他们还无法负担得起的作用,全职或帮助。然而,他们应该总是确保员工——并且意识到——人事政策符合现行的法规。这些政策的形式往往是在员工手册,所有的雇员都有。注意,有些人之间区别差异的一个主要经营活动人力资源管理()和人力资源开发(人力资源开发、专业)。这些人也许包括人力资源管理在人力资源开发、解释人力资源发展包括更大范围的活动来培养人才里面的组织,包括,例如,职业发展,培训,组织开发等。有一个长期哪里的争论相关人力资源的作用应被组织成大型组织,例如,“应当人力资源在组织发展部门或周围其它方式?”工厂的人力资源功能和人力资源开发行业发生了巨大的变化,在过去的20 - 30年。许多年以前,大型组织了“人事部门”,主要是处理作业在雇佣和支付的人。最近,人力资源部组织认为的"扮演一个重要的角色”在人员招聘,培训,帮助管理人员,这样人们和组织的最大能力表现在一个高度实现的方式
many HR functions these days struggle to get beyond the roles of administration and employee champion, and are seen rather as reactive than strategically proactive partners for the top management. In addition, HR organizations also have the difficulty in proving how their activities and processes add value to the company. Only in the recent years HR scholars and HR professionals are focusing to develop models that can measure if HR adds value
表示人力资源管理课程等作专有名词时用Human Resources Management 表示人力资源的管理活动时要用management of human resources（这里跟表示人的职称一样，前面不加冠词） 在翻译中人力资源管理是有差别的。 With the continuous(constant) deepgoing researches of modern enterprise management theory,there's increasing cognition(we gradually get to know) that human resources of the modern enterprises are the most valuable(precious) among the enterprises is on the whole(generally) tributed to competition among ultimate(final) competitiveness of an enterprise is determined by its level of Human Resources Management,how to effectively exploit and scientifically(properly) manage human resources is the key factor that leads an enterprise to success. In this sense,how to enhance(strengthen) the efficiency of management of human resources is an urgent(critical) issue(problem）that must be solved(settled or sewed up) in current domestic private enterprises. To analyze(assay) and confer(discuss) management of human resources in domestic private enterprises is of immediate(direct，此处用immediate还是更贴切）significance（effect）. This article firstly demonstrates(expounds and proves) the importance and necessity of enhancing and improving(betterring,better这里作动词，比较正式可用作书面语）management of human resources in domestic private enterprises ,to continue with various current problems,lastly ends up with some targeted countermeasures,which are on how to enhance and improve management of human resources in domestic private enterprises. It's aimed at offering some experiences of how to enhance and improve management of human resources in domestic private enterprises,so as to reinforce the enterprises' core competitiveness. Key words:private enterprise,Human Resources Management ,problems, countermeasures,drive mechanism,the performance inspection 注：另外这句In this sense,how to enhance(strengthen) the efficiency of management of human resources is an urgent(critical) issue(problem）that must be solved(settle or to sewed up) in current domestic private enterprises. 个人觉得翻译成 ......is a hard nut that must be cracked at once也不错，crack a hard nut意为处理棘手的问题，在这里比较生动，但有可能不易懂，所以个人见解，还请慎重对待！
Human Resources ManagementThe Human Resources Management (HRM) function includes a variety of activities, and key among them is deciding what staffing needs you have and whether to use independent contractors or hire employees to fill these needs, recruiting and training the best employees, ensuring they are high performers, dealing with performance issues, and ensuring your personnel and management practices conform to various regulations. Activities also include managing your approach to employee benefits and compensation, employee records and personnel policies. Usually small businesses (for-profit or nonprofit) have to carry out these activities themselves because they can't yet afford part- or full-time help. However, they should always ensure that employees have -- and are aware of -- personnel policies which conform to current regulations. These policies are often in the form of employee manuals, which all employees that some people distinguish a difference between between HRM (a major management activity) and HRD (Human Resource Development, a profession). Those people might include HRM in HRD, explaining that HRD includes the broader range of activities to develop personnel inside of organizations, including, eg, career development, training, organization development, is a long-standing argument about where HR-related functions should be organized into large organizations, eg, "should HR be in the Organization Development department or the other way around?"The HRM function and HRD profession have undergone tremendous change over the past 20-30 years. Many years ago, large organizations looked to the "Personnel Department," mostly to manage the paperwork around hiring and paying people. More recently, organizations consider the "HR Department" as playing a major role in staffing, training and helping to manage people so that people and the organization are performing at maximum capability in a highly fulfilling manner人力资源管理人力资源管理(HRM)的功能包括各种各样的活动,其中之一是决定哪些关键人员需求你有和是否使用独立承包人或雇用员工来填补这些需要,招聘并培训,确保他们是最好的员工高表演者,处理性能问题,并确保您的人员和管理措施符合各项规章制度。活动还包括管理你的员工福利和补偿方法、员工记录和人事政策。通常比较小的企业(盈利还是非盈利)不得不执行这些活动本身,因为他们还无法负担得起的作用,全职或帮助。然而,他们应该总是确保员工——并且意识到——人事政策符合现行的法规。这些政策的形式往往是在员工手册,所有的雇员都有。注意,有些人之间区别差异的一个主要经营活动人力资源管理()和人力资源开发(人力资源开发、专业)。这些人也许包括人力资源管理在人力资源开发、解释人力资源发展包括更大范围的活动来培养人才里面的组织,包括,例如,职业发展,培训,组织开发等。有一个长期哪里的争论相关人力资源的作用应被组织成大型组织,例如,“应当人力资源在组织发展部门或周围其它方式?”工厂的人力资源功能和人力资源开发行业发生了巨大的变化,在过去的20 - 30年。许多年以前,大型组织了“人事部门”,主要是处理作业在雇佣和支付的人。最近,人力资源部组织认为的"扮演一个重要的角色”在人员招聘,培训,帮助管理人员,这样人们和组织的最大能力表现在一个高度实现的方式
Along with the improvement of the macroeconomic environment, enterprises are facing a tremendous new opportunities for development, Meanwhile, along with economic liberalization and a higher level of accession to the WTO, enterprises are facing competition growing rapidly. Talents have become established enterprises competitive advantage, and grasp the opportunities for development the key. It can be said that "the importance of human capital, to the people-oriented" concept has been widely accepted. However, to accept a concept of concepts into effective action; Also need a certain process, and it is a fairly difficult process. In this process, an effective method is based on the internal and external environment of the actual situation, formulate measures to the corresponding talent strategy, and in practice to constantly improve and refine. Based on Long billion Fushun Petrochemical Company Limited, the management of human resources, along with the macroeconomic improvement, Along with the economic development of enterprise and talent have become enterprises in establishing competitive advantage, and grasp the opportunities for development the key. "The importance of human capital, to the people-oriented" concept has been widely accepted, For a company to solve internal Human Resources Department to the problems.
With the modern enterprise management theory and the continuous in-depth research, a growing recognition of the human resources of the modern enterprise is the most valuable resources, the competitiveness of enterprises in the final analysis, is a competition, a corporate human resources management level, the final decision of the Enterprise Competitiveness, how effective scientific and rational development and management of human resources is the key to business success. As a result, how to strengthen and improve human resources management of private enterprises in China are private enterprises in the development process The most pressing problem for China's private enterprises to conduct analysis of the human resources management to explore a direct and realistic significance. First of all, this paper demonstrates strengthen and improve China's private enterprises of the importance of human resource management and the need, and then listed a private enterprise human resource management problems that exist, the last in a targeted manner to strengthen and improve China's private enterprises of Human Resources Management Measures with a view to strengthening and improving the private sector human resource management, and enhance core competitiveness of enterprises to provide a reference. Key words: private enterprise human resource management countermeasures incentive mechanism to assess performance楼主：这是我跟我英语老师亲自花了将近半个小时翻译的呵呵！见笑了
论文的参考文献是指作者撰写学术论文过程中参考过、借鉴过、引用过的资料，引用参考文献是企业 人力资源管理 论文的一个重要组成部分。下面是我带来的关于企业人力资源管理论文参考文献的内容，欢迎阅读参考!
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1. 人力资源会计论文参考文献
2. 人力资源会计论文提纲
3. 人力资源管理论文的参考文献
4. 人力资源管理论文参考文献
5. 人力资源管理论文的参考文献
6. 人力资源论文参考文献
The high performance management has become a constant pursuit of enterprise content, and in all be used to enhance management effectiveness of the tools, incentives have become an increasingly important part of enterprises are increasingly subject to a high degree of attention. Encourage the development of human resources is an important means for its performance on human desire to be appropriate to meet demand or constrained, and real people in the pursuit of a goal established at the extent to. However, many managers in understanding and stimulate thinking on the errors, and the company have a great negative impact. So here of management staff how to recognize and encourage the characteristics of thinking, brings to the business of high performance.
resource management (HRM) is the strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organization's most valued assets - the people working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the business.[1] The terms "human resource management" and "human resources" (HR) have largely replaced the term "personnel management" as a description of the processes involved in managing people in organizations.[1] Human Resource management is evolving rapidly. Human resource management is both an academic theory and a business practice that addresses the theoretical and practical techniques of managing a features include:Personnel administration Personnel management Manpower management Industrial management[2][3] But these traditional expressions are becoming less common for the theoretical discipline. Sometimes even industrial relations and employee relations are confusingly listed as synonyms,[4] although these normally refer to the relationship between management and workers and the behavior of workers in theoretical discipline is based primarily on the assumption that employees are individuals with varying goals and needs, and as such should not be thought of as basic business resources, such as trucks and filing cabinets. The field takes a positive view of workers, assuming that virtually all wish to contribute to the enterprise productively, and that the main obstacles to their endeavors are lack of knowledge, insufficient training, and failures of is seen by practitioners in the field as a more innovative view of workplace management than the traditional approach. Its techniques force the managers of an enterprise to express their goals with specificity so that they can be understood and undertaken by the workforce, and to provide the resources needed for them to successfully accomplish their assignments. As such, HRM techniques, when properly practiced, are expressive of the goals and operating practices of the enterprise overall. HRM is also seen by many to have a key role in risk reduction within organisations.[5]Synonyms such as personnel management are often used in a more restricted sense to describe activities that are necessary in the recruiting of a workforce, providing its members with payroll and benefits, and administrating their work-life needs. So if we move to actual definitions, Torrington and Hall (1987) define personnel management as being:“a series of activities which: first enable working people and their employing organisations to agree about the objectives and nature of their working relationship and, secondly, ensures that the agreement is fulfilled" (p. 49).While Miller (1987) suggests that HRM relates to:".......those decisions and actions which concern the management of employees at all levels in the business and which are related to the implementation of strategies directed towards creating and sustaining competitive advantage" (p. 352).Academic theoryThe goal of human resource management is to help an organization to meet strategic goals by attracting, and maintaining employees and also to manage them effectively. The key word here perhaps is "fit", . a HRM approach seeks to ensure a fit between the management of an organization's employees, and the overall strategic direction of the company (Miller, 1989).The basic premise of the academic theory of HRM is that humans are not machines, therefore we need to have an interdisciplinary examination of people in the workplace. Fields such as psychology, industrial engineering, industrial and organizational psychology, industrial relations, sociology, and critical theories: postmodernism, post-structuralism play a major role. Many colleges and universities offer bachelor and master degrees in Human Resources widely used scheme to describe the role of HRM, developed by Dave Ulrich, defines 4 fields for the HRM function:[6]Strategic business partner Change agent Employee champion Administration However, many HR functions these days struggle to get beyond the roles of administration and employee champion, and are seen rather as reactive than strategically proactive partners for the top management. In addition, HR organizations also have the difficulty in proving how their activities and processes add value to the company. Only in the recent years HR scholars and HR professionals are focusing to develop models that can measure if HR adds value.[7]Critical Academic TheoryPostmodernism plays an important part in Academic Theory and particularly in Critical Theory. Indeed Karen Legge in 'Human Resource Management: Rhetorics and Realities' possess the debate of whether HRM is a modernist project or a postmodern discourse (Legge 2004). In many ways, critically or not, many writers contend that HRM itself is an attempt to move away from the modernist traditions of personnel (man as machine) towards a postmodernist view of HRM (man as individuals). Critiques include the notion that because 'Human' is the subject we should recognize that people are complex and that it is only through various discourses that we understand the world. Man is not Machine, no matter what attempts are made to change it . Fordism / Taylorism, McDonaldisation (Modernism).Critical Theory also questions whether HRM is the pursuit of "attitudinal shaping" (Wilkinson 1998), particularly when considering empowerment, or perhaps more precisely pseudo-empowerment - as the critical perspective notes. Many critics note the move away from Man as Machine is often in many ways, more a Linguistic (discursive) move away than a real attempt to recognise the Human in Human Resource Theory, in particular postmodernism (poststructualism), recognises that because the subject is people in the workplace, the subject is a complex one, and therefore simplistic notions of 'the best way' or a unitary perspectives on the subject are too simplistic. It also considers the complex subject of power, power games, and office politics. Power in the workplace is a vast and complex subject that cannot be easily defined. This leaves many critics to suggest that Management 'Gurus', consultants, 'best practice' and HR models are often overly simplistic, but in order to sell an idea, they are simplified, and often lead Management as a whole to fall into the trap of oversimplifying the practiceHuman resources management comprises several processes. Together they are supposed to achieve the above mentioned goal. These processes can be performed in an HR department, but some tasks can also be outsourced or performed by line-managers or other planning Recruitment (sometimes separated into attraction and selection) Induction and Orientation Skills management Training and development Personnel administration Compensation in wage or salary Time management Travel management (sometimes assigned to accounting rather than HRM) Payroll (sometimes assigned to accounting rather than HRM) Employee benefits administration Personnel cost planning Performance appraisal CareersThe sort of careers available in HRM are varied. There are generalist HRM jobs such as human resource assistant. There are careers involved with employment, recruitment and placement and these are usually conducted by interviewers, EOE (Equal Opportunity Employment) specialists or college recruiters. Training and development specialism is often conducted by trainers and orientation specialists. Compensation and benefits tasks are handled by compensation analysts, salary administrators, and benefits organizationsProfessional organizations in HRM include the Society for Human Resource Management, the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD), the International Public Management Association for HR (IPMA-HR) and the International Personnel Management Association of Canada (IPMA-Canada).Management Association of Nepal [MAN]人力资源管理，是指为了完成管理工作中涉及人或人事方面的任务所进行的管理工作。人力资源管理工作包括：工作分析；制定人力需求计划以及人员招募；培训及开发；薪酬及福利管理、绩效评估；劳动关系管理等。人力资源管理愈来愈被重视。在经济发展成熟的体系下，人力资源管理必须配合以争取最佳的资源效益，若将不适当的人力配对不适当的职位，资源效益不但全无，或可能有损耗。现代经济讲求平衡及配合，提升管理效能和质素，就要人力资源配合以作平衡，个中的内容是设立人力资源架构框架，用最适合的人做最适合的工作。建立人力资源平台，作为沟通及搜集资讯渠道，将各方意见综合，舍短取长，以处理薪酬、福利等事宜。人力资源最重要是培训及发展，人力资源发展必须投资在培训方面，以发挥各阶层的人力资源潜能。发展简史在现实世界不同的国家人力资源的发展情况以及历史都不同。一般说来，人力资源的学术界发展经历了：人事管理（Personnel Management），人力资源管理（Human Resource Management）到现在新近兴起的人力资本管理（Human Capital Management）。其只要不同即在于公司和企业对待职员的理念的变化和发展。在人事管理阶段，人事经理们的工作是管理职工福利，以及和工会的法律程序方面。公司的上层管理部门将人事部门的各种活动以及公司职员皆看作公司的大笔纯支出，而尽可能的削减这部分的开支。公司对人事部的活动持不积极的支持态度。 在人力资源管理阶段，企业员工被看成企业的可以增值的资产而被发展以期充分利用潜能。人力资源部门充分利用职位分析，工作分析，职位概述，人员选择和招聘，员工培训等等活动来提高企业员工的效率，从而增加企业的管理和运营更加有效。当一个公司实行人力资源管理战略的时候，人力资源部门将被纳入公司战略计划的一个重要组成部分。公司的未来发展，市场拓展，新产品研发等等都要牵扯到人力资源部门的支持，协调与合作。人力资源被作为提高公司竞争力的战略手段而被重视。除此之外，人力资源管理就是协助公司去激励员工，透过一些物质上的满足和一些财务奖励，从而增加员工的对公司归属感、增加员工士气和减低对工作的不满等¨。有高昂的士气会使工作更加有效率和使工作更加顺利，最终公司和员工也各有得益。 在人力资本管理阶段，人力部门的基本职责仍与人力资源管理时期相似，但是企业员工不再被看作有发展潜力的资产，而是公司可以利用的资本。人力资源部门的各项活动被量化与公司的利润率挂钩，并且这也是衡量职工和各部门是否有效工作的主要手段。 主要职能人力资源管理的主要职能包括：人员招募；培训及开发；薪酬及福利管理。人员招募：人员招募又称为人员招聘。主要是基于组织（公司，政府，非盈利组织等）的近期及远期的业务需要，来制定人员需求的计划，并通过各种招聘手段来完成组织的人员需求。人员招募主要涉及人员规划，简历收集，选聘，录用及员工入职培训。培训及开发：培训及开发主要是通过一些培训及开发的技术及手段，提高员工的技能，以适应公司所处经营环境中的技术及知识的变化。主要的技术及手段有：培训 在岗培训 轮岗 员工继续教育计划 辅导，训导薪酬；福利管理：人力资源管理的内外部条件人力资源管理的外部条件劳动法规 劳动力市场 当地文化 人力资源管理的内部条件企业经营战略 国际化程度 人力资源部的组织设置有以下三种方式：职能型组织设置 人力规划 人力购得 培训与进修 工资和薪水 社会事业 对象型组织设置 技术类员工 管理类员工 领导层 受培训者 混合模式
The high performance of management has already become the content that enterprises are pursuing constantly, but while adopting to improve the tool which manage efficiency in all, encourage already becoming a more and more important link, is being paid close attention to by the enterprise day by day. Encouragement is a manpower resources development important means, it is shown as and given and satisfied or limited people's demand desire appropriately, and the essence is people's intensity of willinging at the time of pursuing a certain set objective. In know, encourage, have mistaken idea with thinking method much administrative staff, even produced very great negative effect on the company. Then discuss here how the administrative staff goes to know the characteristic that the staff encourage and thinking method, thus bring the high performance to enterprises.
Human resources management system
resource management (HRM) is the strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organization's most valued assets - the people working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the business.[1] The terms "human resource management" and "human resources" (HR) have largely replaced the term "personnel management" as a description of the processes involved in managing people in organizations.[1] Human Resource management is evolving rapidly. Human resource management is both an academic theory and a business practice that addresses the theoretical and practical techniques of managing a features include:Personnel administration Personnel management Manpower management Industrial management[2][3] But these traditional expressions are becoming less common for the theoretical discipline. Sometimes even industrial relations and employee relations are confusingly listed as synonyms,[4] although these normally refer to the relationship between management and workers and the behavior of workers in theoretical discipline is based primarily on the assumption that employees are individuals with varying goals and needs, and as such should not be thought of as basic business resources, such as trucks and filing cabinets. The field takes a positive view of workers, assuming that virtually all wish to contribute to the enterprise productively, and that the main obstacles to their endeavors are lack of knowledge, insufficient training, and failures of is seen by practitioners in the field as a more innovative view of workplace management than the traditional approach. Its techniques force the managers of an enterprise to express their goals with specificity so that they can be understood and undertaken by the workforce, and to provide the resources needed for them to successfully accomplish their assignments. As such, HRM techniques, when properly practiced, are expressive of the goals and operating practices of the enterprise overall. HRM is also seen by many to have a key role in risk reduction within organisations.[5]Synonyms such as personnel management are often used in a more restricted sense to describe activities that are necessary in the recruiting of a workforce, providing its members with payroll and benefits, and administrating their work-life needs. So if we move to actual definitions, Torrington and Hall (1987) define personnel management as being:“a series of activities which: first enable working people and their employing organisations to agree about the objectives and nature of their working relationship and, secondly, ensures that the agreement is fulfilled" (p. 49).While Miller (1987) suggests that HRM relates to:".......those decisions and actions which concern the management of employees at all levels in the business and which are related to the implementation of strategies directed towards creating and sustaining competitive advantage" (p. 352).Academic theoryThe goal of human resource management is to help an organization to meet strategic goals by attracting, and maintaining employees and also to manage them effectively. The key word here perhaps is "fit", . a HRM approach seeks to ensure a fit between the management of an organization's employees, and the overall strategic direction of the company (Miller, 1989).The basic premise of the academic theory of HRM is that humans are not machines, therefore we need to have an interdisciplinary examination of people in the workplace. Fields such as psychology, industrial engineering, industrial and organizational psychology, industrial relations, sociology, and critical theories: postmodernism, post-structuralism play a major role. Many colleges and universities offer bachelor and master degrees in Human Resources widely used scheme to describe the role of HRM, developed by Dave Ulrich, defines 4 fields for the HRM function:[6]Strategic business partner Change agent Employee champion Administration However, many HR functions these days struggle to get beyond the roles of administration and employee champion, and are seen rather as reactive than strategically proactive partners for the top management. In addition, HR organizations also have the difficulty in proving how their activities and processes add value to the company. Only in the recent years HR scholars and HR professionals are focusing to develop models that can measure if HR adds value.[7]Critical Academic TheoryPostmodernism plays an important part in Academic Theory and particularly in Critical Theory. Indeed Karen Legge in 'Human Resource Management: Rhetorics and Realities' possess the debate of whether HRM is a modernist project or a postmodern discourse (Legge 2004). In many ways, critically or not, many writers contend that HRM itself is an attempt to move away from the modernist traditions of personnel (man as machine) towards a postmodernist view of HRM (man as individuals). Critiques include the notion that because 'Human' is the subject we should recognize that people are complex and that it is only through various discourses that we understand the world. Man is not Machine, no matter what attempts are made to change it . Fordism / Taylorism, McDonaldisation (Modernism).Critical Theory also questions whether HRM is the pursuit of "attitudinal shaping" (Wilkinson 1998), particularly when considering empowerment, or perhaps more precisely pseudo-empowerment - as the critical perspective notes. Many critics note the move away from Man as Machine is often in many ways, more a Linguistic (discursive) move away than a real attempt to recognise the Human in Human Resource Theory, in particular postmodernism (poststructualism), recognises that because the subject is people in the workplace, the subject is a complex one, and therefore simplistic notions of 'the best way' or a unitary perspectives on the subject are too simplistic. It also considers the complex subject of power, power games, and office politics. Power in the workplace is a vast and complex subject that cannot be easily defined. This leaves many critics to suggest that Management 'Gurus', consultants, 'best practice' and HR models are often overly simplistic, but in order to sell an idea, they are simplified, and often lead Management as a whole to fall into the trap of oversimplifying the practiceHuman resources management comprises several processes. Together they are supposed to achieve the above mentioned goal. These processes can be performed in an HR department, but some tasks can also be outsourced or performed by line-managers or other planning Recruitment (sometimes separated into attraction and selection) Induction and Orientation Skills management Training and development Personnel administration Compensation in wage or salary Time management Travel management (sometimes assigned to accounting rather than HRM) Payroll (sometimes assigned to accounting rather than HRM) Employee benefits administration Personnel cost planning Performance appraisal CareersThe sort of careers available in HRM are varied. There are generalist HRM jobs such as human resource assistant. There are careers involved with employment, recruitment and placement and these are usually conducted by interviewers, EOE (Equal Opportunity Employment) specialists or college recruiters. Training and development specialism is often conducted by trainers and orientation specialists. Compensation and benefits tasks are handled by compensation analysts, salary administrators, and benefits organizationsProfessional organizations in HRM include the Society for Human Resource Management, the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD), the International Public Management Association for HR (IPMA-HR) and the International Personnel Management Association of Canada (IPMA-Canada).Management Association of Nepal [MAN]人力资源管理，是指为了完成管理工作中涉及人或人事方面的任务所进行的管理工作。人力资源管理工作包括：工作分析；制定人力需求计划以及人员招募；培训及开发；薪酬及福利管理、绩效评估；劳动关系管理等。人力资源管理愈来愈被重视。在经济发展成熟的体系下，人力资源管理必须配合以争取最佳的资源效益，若将不适当的人力配对不适当的职位，资源效益不但全无，或可能有损耗。现代经济讲求平衡及配合，提升管理效能和质素，就要人力资源配合以作平衡，个中的内容是设立人力资源架构框架，用最适合的人做最适合的工作。建立人力资源平台，作为沟通及搜集资讯渠道，将各方意见综合，舍短取长，以处理薪酬、福利等事宜。人力资源最重要是培训及发展，人力资源发展必须投资在培训方面，以发挥各阶层的人力资源潜能。发展简史在现实世界不同的国家人力资源的发展情况以及历史都不同。一般说来，人力资源的学术界发展经历了：人事管理（Personnel Management），人力资源管理（Human Resource Management）到现在新近兴起的人力资本管理（Human Capital Management）。其只要不同即在于公司和企业对待职员的理念的变化和发展。在人事管理阶段，人事经理们的工作是管理职工福利，以及和工会的法律程序方面。公司的上层管理部门将人事部门的各种活动以及公司职员皆看作公司的大笔纯支出，而尽可能的削减这部分的开支。公司对人事部的活动持不积极的支持态度。 在人力资源管理阶段，企业员工被看成企业的可以增值的资产而被发展以期充分利用潜能。人力资源部门充分利用职位分析，工作分析，职位概述，人员选择和招聘，员工培训等等活动来提高企业员工的效率，从而增加企业的管理和运营更加有效。当一个公司实行人力资源管理战略的时候，人力资源部门将被纳入公司战略计划的一个重要组成部分。公司的未来发展，市场拓展，新产品研发等等都要牵扯到人力资源部门的支持，协调与合作。人力资源被作为提高公司竞争力的战略手段而被重视。除此之外，人力资源管理就是协助公司去激励员工，透过一些物质上的满足和一些财务奖励，从而增加员工的对公司归属感、增加员工士气和减低对工作的不满等¨。有高昂的士气会使工作更加有效率和使工作更加顺利，最终公司和员工也各有得益。 在人力资本管理阶段，人力部门的基本职责仍与人力资源管理时期相似，但是企业员工不再被看作有发展潜力的资产，而是公司可以利用的资本。人力资源部门的各项活动被量化与公司的利润率挂钩，并且这也是衡量职工和各部门是否有效工作的主要手段。 主要职能人力资源管理的主要职能包括：人员招募；培训及开发；薪酬及福利管理。人员招募：人员招募又称为人员招聘。主要是基于组织（公司，政府，非盈利组织等）的近期及远期的业务需要，来制定人员需求的计划，并通过各种招聘手段来完成组织的人员需求。人员招募主要涉及人员规划，简历收集，选聘，录用及员工入职培训。培训及开发：培训及开发主要是通过一些培训及开发的技术及手段，提高员工的技能，以适应公司所处经营环境中的技术及知识的变化。主要的技术及手段有：培训 在岗培训 轮岗 员工继续教育计划 辅导，训导薪酬；福利管理：人力资源管理的内外部条件人力资源管理的外部条件劳动法规 劳动力市场 当地文化 人力资源管理的内部条件企业经营战略 国际化程度 人力资源部的组织设置有以下三种方式：职能型组织设置 人力规划 人力购得 培训与进修 工资和薪水 社会事业 对象型组织设置 技术类员工 管理类员工 领导层 受培训者 混合模式
在当年首次加薪发放前创建一个薪水计划，使管理者们能确保有限的加薪款项能得到最有效的分配，而且符合员工的绩效表现以及相应的工资水平。
在每年第一次涨工资的关键几天，结合员工的日常表现和薪资水平，造出来一份工资计划，这样可以使经理把握好资金总额，从而把有限的资金分配到最佳状态。
The high performance of management has already become the content that enterprises are pursuing constantly, but while adopting to improve the tool which manage efficiency in all, encourage already becoming a more and more important link, is being paid close attention to by the enterprise day by day. Encouragement is a manpower resources development important means, it is shown as and given and satisfied or limited people's demand desire appropriately, and the essence is people's intensity of willinging at the time of pursuing a certain set objective. In know, encourage, have mistaken idea with thinking method much administrative staff, even produced very great negative effect on the company. Then discuss here how the administrative staff goes to know the characteristic that the staff encourage and thinking method, thus bring the high performance to enterprises.
With the further development of knowledge economy, companies hungry for talent has become increasingly strong, personnel training has become the core competitiveness of enterprises to create the primary means of training to become an indispensable work of enterprises. The competition among enterprises is increasingly reflected in staff quality and learning ability of competition, creating high-quality staff to become enterprises to participate in the Competition. Plays an important role in the national economy, large number of SMEs, due to the weak competitive position and the competitiveness of their limited resources, is often difficult to attract high-quality development and the urgent need to adapt their talents to support the development of enterprise itself. Therefore, the business-to-staff training and development is particularly main characteristics of SMEs in China large, wide, starting point is not high, are more concentrated in labor-intensive industries. Facing the new century, global economic integration and domestic economic restructuring, two major challenges, one of its core issues of development, human resources personnel, third, or talent. Shortage of talent, especially high-quality management personnel and the lack of high-level technical personnel have been seriously hampered the healthy development of SMEs. Therefore, SMEs should be a general increase in the quality of workers, and build a vast, high-quality personnel, training, recruiting and talent as a good reference for SME development is an important strategic this paper, to solve the problem of human resources development of SMEs, the following suggestions: First, the systematic investigation to determine the target; second, system training, improve the overall quality; third, to strengthen management capacity of SMEs and their managers construction within the system; Fourth, government departments, intensify support; Fifth, actively expand the content of the training system.
Human Resources ManagementThe Human Resources Management (HRM) function includes a variety of activities, and key among them is deciding what staffing needs you have and whether to use independent contractors or hire employees to fill these needs, recruiting and training the best employees, ensuring they are high performers, dealing with performance issues, and ensuring your personnel and management practices conform to various regulations. Activities also include managing your approach to employee benefits and compensation, employee records and personnel policies. Usually small businesses (for-profit or nonprofit) have to carry out these activities themselves because they can't yet afford part- or full-time help. However, they should always ensure that employees have -- and are aware of -- personnel policies which conform to current regulations. These policies are often in the form of employee manuals, which all employees that some people distinguish a difference between between HRM (a major management activity) and HRD (Human Resource Development, a profession). Those people might include HRM in HRD, explaining that HRD includes the broader range of activities to develop personnel inside of organizations, including, eg, career development, training, organization development, is a long-standing argument about where HR-related functions should be organized into large organizations, eg, "should HR be in the Organization Development department or the other way around?"The HRM function and HRD profession have undergone tremendous change over the past 20-30 years. Many years ago, large organizations looked to the "Personnel Department," mostly to manage the paperwork around hiring and paying people. More recently, organizations consider the "HR Department" as playing a major role in staffing, training and helping to manage people so that people and the organization are performing at maximum capability in a highly fulfilling manner人力资源管理人力资源管理(HRM)的功能包括各种各样的活动,其中之一是决定哪些关键人员需求你有和是否使用独立承包人或雇用员工来填补这些需要,招聘并培训,确保他们是最好的员工高表演者,处理性能问题,并确保您的人员和管理措施符合各项规章制度。活动还包括管理你的员工福利和补偿方法、员工记录和人事政策。通常比较小的企业(盈利还是非盈利)不得不执行这些活动本身,因为他们还无法负担得起的作用,全职或帮助。然而,他们应该总是确保员工——并且意识到——人事政策符合现行的法规。这些政策的形式往往是在员工手册,所有的雇员都有。注意,有些人之间区别差异的一个主要经营活动人力资源管理()和人力资源开发(人力资源开发、专业)。这些人也许包括人力资源管理在人力资源开发、解释人力资源发展包括更大范围的活动来培养人才里面的组织,包括,例如,职业发展,培训,组织开发等。有一个长期哪里的争论相关人力资源的作用应被组织成大型组织,例如,“应当人力资源在组织发展部门或周围其它方式?”工厂的人力资源功能和人力资源开发行业发生了巨大的变化,在过去的20 - 30年。许多年以前,大型组织了“人事部门”,主要是处理作业在雇佣和支付的人。最近,人力资源部组织认为的"扮演一个重要的角色”在人员招聘,培训,帮助管理人员,这样人们和组织的最大能力表现在一个高度实现的方式
The high performance management has become a constant pursuit of enterprise content, and in all be used to enhance management effectiveness of the tools, incentives have become an increasingly important part of enterprises are increasingly subject to a high degree of attention. Encourage the development of human resources is an important means for its performance on human desire to be appropriate to meet demand or constrained, and real people in the pursuit of a goal established at the extent to. However, many managers in understanding and stimulate thinking on the errors, and the company have a great negative impact. So here of management staff how to recognize and encourage the characteristics of thinking, brings to the business of high performance.