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TM 电工技术（自动化核心期刊）1．中国电机工程学报2.电工技术学报3.电力系统自动化4.电网技术5.高电压技术6.电池7.电源技术8.电化学9.电工电能新技术10.中国电力11.高压电器12.继电器13.电力电子技术14.变压器15.电工技术杂志16.电气传动17.中小型电机18.低压电器19.电力自动化设备20.蓄电池21.微电机22.微特电机23.电机与控制学报24.电力系统及其自动化学报25.电气自动化26.电测与仪表27.大电机技术28.华北电力大学学报
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本毕业设计课题是属于教师拟定性课题，主要是研究基于单片机的对步进电机的有效控制。步进电机是一种能将数字输入脉冲转换成旋转或直线增量运动的电磁执行元件，每输入一个脉冲电机转轴步进一个步距角增量。电机总的回转角与输入脉冲数成正比例，相应的转速取决于输入脉冲频率。 步进电机是机电一体化产品中关键部件之一，通常被用作定位控制和定速控制。步进电机惯量低、定位精度高、无累积误差、控制简单等特点。广泛应用于机电一体化产品中，如：数控机床、包装机械、计算机外围设备、复印机、传真机等。 Abstract This article mainly elaborated has been hanging the movement control system merit, introduced was hanging the movement control system function, the principle and the design process. Is hanging the movement control system is one of in control engineering domain important applications, its main target is to is controlled the object the movement condition, including path, speed and position implementation check. The movement control system compares with other control systems, has the system model simply, the check algorithm is unitary, also not complex characteristic and so on non-linearity and coupling situation. Also is precisely because the movement control system can implement to the path, the running rate, the pointing accuracy as well as the repetition precision accuracy control requirement, has the broad application foreground in each category of control engineering, therefore the movement control system has at present become in the check study application domain very much significant the research direction. Through the monolithic integrated circuit to stepping monitor check, implemented the motor-driven to cause the object at on the board which inclined the movement, The control section is the SST89E52 monolithic microcomputer which SST Corporation produces primarily, with when the 1602LCD liquid crystal screen and according to turned has implemented with the user interactive, through the keyboard entry different control command, the liquid-crystal display was allowed to display the setting value and the run the coordinates. The electrical machinery control section used LM324N four to transport puts and is connected the electronic primary device voluntarily to develop the 42BYG205 stepping monitor actuation electric circuit to implement the electrical machinery accuracy control. The algorithm partially for will suit the monolithic integrated circuit system to operate carries on optimizes many times, will reduce the microprocessor the operand. Has completed the object voluntarily the movement and according to the different setup path movement. Key words Magneto; 1602LCD; LM324N; Drive circuit 选择步进电机时，首先要保证步进电机的输出功率大于负载所需的功率。而在选用功率步进电机时，首先要计算机械系统的负载转矩，电机的矩频特性能满足机械负载并有一定的余量保证其运行可靠。在实际工作过程中，各种频率下的负载力矩必须在矩频特性曲线的范围内。一般地说最大静力矩Mjmax大的电机，负载力矩大[1 ]。 选择步进电机时，应使步距角和机械系统匹配，这样可以得到机床所需的脉冲当量。在机械传动过程中为了使得有更小的脉冲当量，一是可以改变丝杆的导程，二是可以通过步进电机的细分驱动来完成。但细分只能改变其分辨率，不改变其精度。精度是由电机的固有特性所决定。 选择功率步进电机时，应当估算机械负载的负载惯量和机床要求的启动频率，使之与步进电机的惯性频率特性相匹配还有一定的余量，使之最高速连续工作频率能满足机床快速移动的需要。 基于单片机的悬挂运动控制系统，具有硬件电路结构简单，精确度高，抗干扰性强等优点。 课题目的 培养综合运用四年大学所学知识去分析问题和解决实际问题的能力。在实践中检验所学知识,从而加强理论与实践的相结合。 体验一个科研项目开发的全过程，学会单片机开发应用方法,锻炼应用能力,动手能力。本课题设计是具有一定难度的基于单片机的应用系统开发项目，培养学生创新精神和创新能力。通过这次毕业论文及设计，检验的综合素质和专业教育的培养效果，并且使学会阅读、利用英文文献资料，阅读并翻译外文资料的能力，学会设计报告和论文。 课题意义 随着社会的发展、科技的进步以及人们生活水平的逐步提高，各种方便于生活的自动控制系统开始进入了人们的生活，以单片机为核心的自动门系统就是其中之一。同时也标志了自动控制领域成为了数字化时代的一员[ 3]。它实用性强，功能齐全，技术先进，使人们相信这是科技进步的成果。它更让人类懂得，数字时代的发展将改变人类的生活，将加快科学技术的发展。 通过对“微机控制自动门系统”的研究和设计，精心撰写了微机控制自动门系统论文。本论文着重阐述了以单片机为主体，LED点阵显示芯片及步进电机为核心的系统。 本设计主要应用SST89E58作为控制核心，LED点阵显示芯片、步进电机、压力传感器、电位器相结合的系统。充分发挥了单片机的性能。其优点硬件电路简单，软件功能完善，控制系统可靠，性价比较高等特点，具有一定的使用和参考价值。 应解决的主要问题 在基于单片机的悬挂运动控制系统中，主要分三个部分设计，一个是输入和键盘显示模块；另一个是步进电机驱动模块；第三个是最小系统和输出模块设计。主要解决的问题是： 1. 单片机最小系统硬件设计； 2. 步进电机驱动模块设计； 3. 输出部分的软硬件设计； 4. 主程序设计； 5. 绘图板的设计。 技术要求 设计一电机控制系统，控制物体在倾斜（仰角≤100度）的板上运动。 在一白色底板上固定两个滑轮，两只电机（固定在板上）通过穿过滑轮的吊绳控制一物体在板上运动，运动范围为80cm×100cm。物体的形状不限，质量大于100克。物体上固定有浅色画笔，以便运动时能在板上画出运动轨迹。板上标有间距为1cm的浅色坐标线（不同于画笔颜色），左下角为直角坐标原点。[看不到}
IEEEE学会杂志，目前最权威的国外自动化杂志。
自动化论文范文
自动化是一门涉及学科较多、应用广泛的综合性科学技术。下面，我为大家分享自动化论文，希望对大家有所帮助！
伴随科学技术的不断发展生产方式由传统制造逐渐迈向机械制造，机械化的生产带动了制造行业的蓬勃发展、为了提升机械制造行业的市场竞争力与适应力，要大力发展与普及机械工程，将自动化技术引入到机械工程自动化生产中，以自动化技术为机械工程行业的核心技术，全面发展机械工程自动化技术，推进机械工程在社会各行各业的应用。
1 机械工程自动化技术发展的现状
近几年，因为社会经济与科学技术的迅速发展，带动了机械工程自动化的发展，让机械工程自动化技术在社会的生产活动中占据了一席之地，推动了机械制造行业飞跃性的发展。但由于我国目前仍然处于社会主义初级阶段，粗放型的经济生产模式正处于转型阶段，直接或间接的影响了机械工程自动化技术发展的现状。
与其它发达国家机械工程自动化技术具有的智能化、集成化以及柔性化的特点相比，我国机械工程自动化技术发展仅仅处于单子自动化以及刚性自动化的发展现状，想要突破目前的现状，还需要对目前机械工程自动化技术存在的问题进行深入的.探究，务求有效的解决措施，积极推动机械工程自动化技术的优化发展。
2 机械工程自动化技术存在的问题
经济与科技的同步发展，促进制造行业的迅速增长，国家政策与经济科技的支持，机械工程自动化技术的引进与发展在社会的生产制造加工等行业中都收获了骄人的成绩，也让机械工程自动化技术真正的走进人们的视野。
作为现代科学技术发展水平的代表，自动化技术在我国机械工程行业发挥着举足轻重的作用，机械工程自动化技术的发展让传统制造行业、加工生产行业有了飞跃性的进步，实现了社会生产加工制造行业的自动化连续生产目标，对于机械工程自动化技术给社会生产劳动带来的促进作用无可置疑，但其在技术工艺水平、机械工程自动化技术设计以及运用等方面存在的问题也不可忽视。目前我国机械工程自动化技术的应用与发展中存在以下几点问题。
（1）机械工程自动化技术方面的人才相对匮乏，相关技术发展不够完善，导致机械工程自动化技术的应用与普及出现领域局限性问题。例如对 PLC 技术的认识与研发不够成熟，导致 PLC 技术无法在机械工程中发挥其最大作用力[1].
（2）机械工程自动化技术的设计研发未能做到与时俱进，故此机械工程自动化技术的应用设计水平与社会生产的适用性衔接上还具有加大的提升空间。相对而言，在发达国家 PLC 已经开始广泛应用在机械、化工、电力以及冶金等领域，成为自动化控制的重要支柱之一，但由于我国机械工程自动化技术研发的落后，致使 PLC 技术无法在国内的机械工程行业中得到展现[2].
（3）机械工程自动化技术工艺还处于单一的数控精细化加工的初级水平，未能进一步的掌握复合加工的机械工程自动化技术工艺。
3 优化机械工程自动化技术的具体措施
机械中自动化是指使用更加快速的方法对原材料进行加工，在机械工程中引入自动化技术不仅加快了原材料在机械生产加工过程中的流动速度，还能有效的提高机械化劳动生产的效率，优化传统的生产模式，促进社会机械工程自动化技术的应用。
为了全面提升本国机械工程自动化的发展，提高本国制造加工等工业发展水平，促进国民经济的增长，对于目前机械工程自动化技术中存在的问题，进行针对性研究，提出以下几点优化机械工程自动化技术的具体措施。
（1）优化机械工程自动化技术人才培养，提升相关技术管理人员的自身专业素质。机械工程自动化技术改进与发展的关键核心在于人才的发掘与培养，善于与机械工程自动化技术发展较高水平的地域性组织与国家学习交流，不断进行科研探究，从根本改善技术工艺落后难与社会实际生产应用接轨等问题。
（2）明确机械工程自动化技术的发展趋势，对机械工程自动化技术制定合理有效的使用机制。
结合国情，以"科技是第一生产力"为指导，明确机械制造加工生产行业是国家的基础性工业，加强机械工程自动化的优化改造研究，遵循节能减排的环保目标，借鉴国外先进技术，坚定不移地走自主研发路线，让机械工程自动化技术的发展迈向科学、环保以及低成本的发展趋势[3].
4 结语
机械工程行业未来的发展趋势将朝着开放化，分布式，信息化的方向发展，为机械工程自动化技术各方面的完善提出了更高的要求，促进了自动化技术在我国机械工程行业中的应用，让机械工程自动化技术在社会生产生活中的应用更加普及，有助于机械工程自动化技术问题的研究，及时准确地找出机械工程行业生产加工过程中存在的不足与问题，优化机械工程自动化技术的应用。
参考文献
[1] 刘冲，李广学，李佳亮.机械自动化技术在机械制造业中的应用 [J]. 科技资讯，2012（26）.
[2] 王嘉伟，自动化技术在机械工程中的应用与表现形式 [J]. 中国科技博览，2012（37）.
[3] 孙建亮，吕顽凯.机械工程自动化技术存在的问题及措施 [J].信息系统工程，2013（05）.
国外自动化技术的发展趋势是系统化、柔性化、集成化和智能化。自动化技术不断提高光电子、自动化控制系统、传统制造等行业的技术水平和市场竞争力，它与光电子、计算机、信息技术的融合和创新，不断创造和形成新的行业经济增长点，同时不断提供新的行业发展的管理战略哲理。如并行工程（CE）、敏捷制造（AM）等。数控技术于模块化、网络化、多媒体和智能化；CAD/CAM系统面向产品的整个生命周期；自动控制内容发展到对产品质量的在线监测与控制，设备运行状态的动态监测、诊断和事故处理、生产状态的监控和设备之间的协调控制与连锁保护，以及厂级管理决策与控制等；系统网络普遍以通用计算机网络为基础；自动化控制产品正向着成套化、系列化、多品种方向发展；以自动控制技术、数据通信技术、图象显示技术为一体的综合性系统装置成为国外工业过程控制的主导产品，现场总线成为自动化控制技术发展的第一热点；可编程控制器（PLC）与工业控制系统（DCS）的实现功能越来越接近，价格也逐步接近，国外自动控制与仪器仪表领域的前沿厂商已推出了类似PCS（Process Control System）的产品。世界自动化产业发展势头迅猛。传感器技术、开放式工业过程自动化系统、现场总线技术等自动化技术已形成一定的产业规模，其中90年代传感器在美国、日本的市场总销售额已超过100亿美元。
国外自动化技术的发展趋势是系统化、柔性化、集成化和智能化。自动化技术不断提高光电子、自动化控制系统、传统制造等行业的技术水平和市场竞争力，它与光电子、计算机、信息技术的融合和创新，不断创造和形成新的行业经济增长点，同时不断提供新的行业发展的管理战略哲理。
世界自动化产业发展势头迅猛。传感器技术、开放式工业过程自动化系统、现场总线技术等自动化技术已形成一定的产业规模，其中90年代传感器在美国、日本的市场总销售额已超过100亿美元。
扩展资料
发展趋势：
现代生产和科学技术的发展，对自动化技术提出越来越高的要求，同时也为自动化技术的革新提供了必要条件。70年代以后，自动化开始向复杂的系统控制和高级的智能控制发展，并广泛地应用到国防、科学研究和经济等各个领域，实现更大规模的自动化。
例如大型企业的综合自动化系统、全国铁路自动调度系统、国家电力网自动调度系统、空中交通管制系统、城市交通控制系统、自动化指挥系统、国民经济管理系统等。自动化的应用正从工程领域向非工程领域扩展，如医疗自动化、人口控制、经济管理自动化等。
参考资料来源：百度百科——自动化
自动化学报是EI；自动化学报英文版（IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica）是ESCI。
以，如果看你改得不错，好好改吧，很大可能还是到通个审稿人手上，意见是修改后重审，审稿人满足了录用 可能性大多了。投了个浙大学报，貌似只有一个审稿人，一个月给的审稿意见，这种情况修改后被录用的机会大么
估计会大于50%。可能认为不值一读。
5个左右。电力系统及其自动化学报着重发表在电力系统及其自动化专业领域内基础理论研究、应用基础研究、重要设备装置开发研制方面的学术论文和研究成果报告，外审有5个左右的审稿人。
Electric Automation 电气自动化ELECTRIC AUTOMATION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR ADJUSTING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE ELECTRIC AUTOMATION DEVICE The invention relates to an electric automation device comprising a control unit that is controlled by a computer. In order to create an automation device that can be set to predefined functions in a particularly flexible manner while requiring less testing, a computer hardware component (2) is provided with control software comprising a basic functional area which includes an operating system (3), a device driver (4), and communication modules (5) so as to form a basic automation device (1) while the basic automation device (1) is complemented with any application modules (7a, 7b, 7c, 8, 9) that can be connected to the basic functional area via a software interface (6) in order to obtain the automation device. The invention also relates to a method for producing or adjusting the functions of such an electric automation device. 电气自动化专业介绍一、专业概况 随着高新技术的发展和生产自动化程度的提高，我国国民经济发展，正在和继续需要大批技术应用型实用人才。电气自动化技术是现代制造技术中不可缺少的重要技术门类，也是一个国家科技实力乃至综合竞争力的综合反映，在工业发展中具有前导地位。电气自动化技术，集机、电、计算机、信息处理等多学科于一体，是多学科相互交叉、渗透、结系淖酆涎Э疲�诠�窬�媒ㄉ柚姓加兄匾�牡匚弧R虼耍�梢运档缙�远��际跏嵌ヌ炝⒌氐氖乱担�枪�窬�梅⒄购腿嗣裆�钏�教岣叩奈镏侍跫�� ?br> （一）、培养目标本专业培养德、智、体、美、劳全面发展，具有良好职业道德和综合业务素质，具备较强的创新意识和创业能力，掌握电气自动化技术、计算机控制技术的基础理论，能在生产、建设、管理、服务第一线从事常用电气自动化设备、常用电气设备、供配电系统和装置、计算机控制系统、PLC控制系统的安装、调试、运行和维护的实用型高技能专门人才。 （二）、培养要求及职业能力分析 1、培养要求：本专业主要学习电气自动化的专业技术知识，应具有较强的本专业技术应用能力。 2、职业能力分析 （1）具有良好的身体素质、职业道德和人文素质，较强的语言文字表达能力和一定的社会交往能力及继续学习能力。 （2）具有较强的用英语进行人际和人机交流能力，具有阅读和翻译本专业有关英文资料的能力。 （3）具有较强的在信息化社会中工作、学习、生活所必备的计算机应用能力；熟练使用电子电气CAD软件；掌握一门程序设计语言。 （4）具有分析和测试常见的电工电子线路，能设计一般电工电子应用线路，能熟练使用常规电工电子仪器、仪表，具有熟练的电工基本操作技能。 （5）熟悉常用低压电器的基本原理及使用；能熟练阅读电气控制线路的原理图与接线图；具有对常规电气设备、供配电设备等电气控制系统进行安装、调试、维护能力。 （6）具有正确选用、安装、调试、维护电力电子装置和典型交、直流调速系统的能力。 （7）具有熟练的可编程控制器应用能力。 （8）具有以嵌入式计算机数字控制技术为核心的新技术基本应用能力，对相应控制系统具有调试维护能力。 （9）具有对一般的机械零件图、产品装配图与机械、液压和气压传动系统回路的识读能力，了解常用机械设备的结构特点及工艺过程，了解常见的机械和电气的配合关系。 （10）了解企业管理的基本知识，具有一定的质量意识。 （三）、课程设置 课程设置共分五部分：公共必修课、专业必修课、专业限定选修课、专业选修课及公共选修课。 1、公共必修课包括：思想道德修养、法律基础、邓小平理论、马克思主义哲学、体育、英语、高等数学、计算机操作基础等。 2、专业必修课包括：电工基础、模拟电子技术、数字电子技术、电机及拖动基础、机械制图及公差、机械工程基础、嵌入式计算机原理及应用、C语言程序设计、自动检测与转换技术、现代电力电子技术、可编程序控制器应用、自动控制原理与系统、C语言、工厂电气控制技术、电子电气CAD、变配电技术、变频调速原理与应用、工业控制网络、DSP原理与应用及专业英语等。其中主干课程为：电工基础、模拟电子技术、数字电子技术、电机及拖动基础、嵌入式计算机原理及应用、自动检测与转换技术、现代电力电子技术、可编程序控制器应用、自动控制原理与系统等。 3、专业限选课包括：计算机控制技术、工业自动化仪表、控制电机、智能控制等。 4专业任选课包括：电工电子工艺、多媒体技术、楼宇自动化、计算机系统仿真、计算机维修、程序设计（VB）等。 5、公共选修课包括：包括两个能力模块：经济管理科学类和人文与社会科学类。 （四）、实践教学环节 1、专业主要实践教学包括：电工实验、模拟电子技术实验、数字电子技术实验、电机与电力拖动实验、可编程序控制器应用实验、嵌入式计算机原理实验、现代电力电子技术实验、电工基础课程设计、电子技术课程设计、嵌入式计算机原理课程设计、可编程序控制器应用课程设计、自控系统课程设计、综合系统实训、金工实习、电工电子实习、专业参观、综合生产实习、毕业设计等。 2、非专业实践教学包括：入学教育、军训、暑期社会实践、社团活动、体育活动、文艺活动等。 （五）、职业技能证书 本专业证书包含三个方面： 1、公共必修证书：PET、计算机一级证书。 2、专业必修证书：CAD初级、维修电工中级。 3、任选证书：CET四级证书、计算机三级证书(单片机方向）、CAD中级证书、维修电工高级证书、气液电控制技术。 （六）、本专业师资力量 学院拥有一支学术造诣高、教学经验丰富、实践能力强的师资队伍。电气自动化技术专业现有师资26人，其中副高职称以上有17人，“双师型”教师10人。能够满足公共基础课、专业基础课和专业课的理论及实践教学的需要。 二、职业前景 1、对口行业 电气自动化技术是传统而具有新内涵的专业，本专业培养拥护党的基本路线，德、智、体、美等全面发展，具备从事电气自动化技术所需要的理论知识和职业技术能力，主要在生产、建设、服务和管理等第一线工作的高级技术应用性专门人才。本专业的毕业生可就职于国防、航天、航空、航海、铁道、机械、轻工、化工、电子、电力、电信、钢铁、石油、矿山、煤炭、地质、勘测等广泛的工业、农业、科学研究领域，也可就职于现代物流及现代服务业。 2、就业前景 在上海市经济委员会的《上海制造业战略升级的行动纲要》中指出：加快推动制造业的战略升级是贯彻党的十六大精神，坚定地走新型工业化道路，实现向制造业强国转变的国家战略需要，也是上海建立新型产业体系，提高城市综合竞争力，坚持“四个中心”的客观要求。上海制造业战略升级的重点包括：高新技术产业重点发展电子信息和现代生物与现代医药制造业；交通运输设备制造业重点发展汽车、轨道交通、船舶、民用飞机；装备制造业重点发展大型成套设备、电站设备、新能源和新型环保设备制造业；原材料制造业重点发展石油化工和精细化工、精品钢材制造业；生产性服务业重点发展制造业物流、技术服务等产业；大力发展就业广、清洁型的都市型工业。根据电气自动化的内涵，上述产业无不包含电气自动化技术，同时也对电气自动化技术专业的人才提出了更高的要求。据上海市政府组织的《面向新世纪上海紧缺人才需求趋势与开发研究对策》的报告显示，复合型技术人才是紧缺的专业人才，而电气自动化技术专业是培养复合型技术人才的有效载体。可以预见在未来数年内，电气自动化专业毕业生就业前景良好。
机械自动化论文参考文献
文后参考文献的著录来源是被著录的文献本身。专著、连续出版物等可依次按题名页、封面、刊头等著录。缩微制品、录音制品等非书资料可依据题名帧、片头、容器上的标签、附件等著录。下面是我和大家分享的机械自动化论文参考文献，更多内容请关注()。
篇一：参考文献
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[10] 窦晓波，胡敏强，吴在军，杜炎森，闵涛. 数字化变电站通信网络的组建与冗余方案[J]. 电力自动化设备. 2008(01)
[11] 唐富华，郭银景，杨阳. 基于IEC61850和嵌入式以太网的变电站网络通信系统[J]. 电气自动化. 2006(03)
[12] 张沛超，高翔. 全数字化保护系统的可靠性及元件重要度分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报. 2008(01)
[13] 许铁峰，徐习东. 高可用性无缝环网在数字化变电站通信网络的应用[J]. 电力自动化设备. 2011(10)
[14] 童晓阳，廖晨淞，周立龙，李映川，章力，王晓茹，许克崃. 基于IEC 61850-9-2的变电站通信网络仿真[J]. 电力系统自动化. 2010(02)
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篇二：参考文献
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篇三：参考文献
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用于分布式在线UPS中的并联逆变器的一种无线控制器A Wireless Controller for Parallel Inverters in Distributed Online UPS SystemsJosep M. Guerrero', Luis Garcia de Vicufia", Jose Matas'*, Jaume Miret", and Miguel Castilla". Departament #Enginyeria de Sistemes, Automatica i Informhtica Industrial. Universitat Polithica de CatalunyaC. Comte d'Urgell, -Barcelona. Spain. Email: .. Departament #Enginyeria Electrbnica. Universitat Polit6cnica de CatalunyaAV. Victor BaLguer s/n. 08800I - Vilanova i la Geltrh. SpainAbsiract - In this paper, a novel controller for parallelconnectedonline-UPS inverters without control wireinterconnections is presented. The wireless control technique isbased on the well-known droop method, which consists inintroducing P-oand Q-V schemes into the inverters, in order toshare properly the power drawn to the loads. The droop methodhas been widely used in applications of load sharing betweendifferent parallel-connected inverters. However, this methodhas several drawbacks that limited its application, such as atrade-off between output-voltage regulation and power sharingaccuracy, slow transient response, and frequency and phasedeviation. This last disadvantage makes impracticable themethod in online-UPS systems, since in this case every modulemust be in phase with the utility ac mains. To overcome theselimitations, we propose a novel control scheme, endowing to theparalleled-UPS system a proper transient response, strictlyfrequency and phase synchronization with the ac mains, andexcellent power sharing. Simulation and experimental resultsare reported confirming the validity of the proposed . INTRODUCTIONThe parallel operation of distributed Uninterruptible PowerSupplies (UPS) is presented as a suitable solution to supplycritical and sensitive loads, when high reliability and poweravailability are required. In the last years, many controlschemes for parallel-connected inverters has been raised,which are derived from parallel-schemes of dc-dc converters[I], such as the master-slave control [2], or the democraticcontrol [3]. In contrast, novel control schemes have beenappeared recently, such as the chain-structure control [4], orthe distributed control [ 5 ] . However, all these schemes needcontrol interconnections between modules and, hence, thereliability of the system is reduced since they can be a sourceof noise and failures. Moreover, these communication wireslimited the physical situation ofthe modules [6].In this sense, several control techniques has been proposedwithout control interconnections, such as the droop this method, the control loop achieves good power sharingmaking tight adjustments over the output voltage frequencyand amplitude of the inverter, with the objective tocompensate the active and reactive power unbalances [7].This concept is derived from the power system theory, inwhich the frequency of a generator drops when the powerdrawn to the utility line increases [8].0-7803-7906-3/03/$ 02003 IEEE. 1637However, this control approach has an inherent trade-offbetween voltage regulation and power sharing. In addition,this method exhibits slow dynamic-response, since it requireslow-pass filters to calculate the average value of the activeand reactive power. Hence, the stability and the dynamics ofthe whole system are hardly influenced by the characteristicsof these filters and by the value of the droop coefficients,which are bounded by the maximum allowed deviations ofthe output voltage amplitude and , when active power increases, the droopcharacteristic causes a frequency deviation from the nominalvalue and, consequently, it results in a variable phasedifference between the mains and the inverter output fact can be a problem when the bypass switch mustconnect the utility line directly to the critical bus in stead ofits phase difference. In [9], two possibilities are presented inorder to achieve phase synchronization for parallel lineinteractiveUPS systems. The first one is to locate a particularmodule near the bypass switch, which must to synchronizethe output voltage to the mains while supporting overloadcondition before switch on. The second possibility is to waitfor the instant when phase matching is produced to connectthe , the mentioned two folds cannot be applied to aparallel online-UPS system, since maximum transfer timeought to be less than a % of line period, and all the modulesmust be always synchronized with the mains when it ispresent. Hence, the modules should be prepared to transferdirectly the energy from the mains to the critical bus in caseof overload or failure [lo].In our previous works [11][12], we proposed differentcontrol schemes to overcome several limitations of theconventional droop method. However, these controllers bythemselves are inappropriate to apply to a parallel online-UPS system. In this paper, a novel wireless control scheme isproposed to parallel different online UPS modules with highperformance and restricted requirements. The controllerprovides: 1) proper transient response; 2) power sharingaccuracy; 3) stable frequency operation; and 4) good phasematching between the output-voltage and the utility , this new approach is especially suitable for paralleled-UPS systems with true redundancy, high reliability andpower availability. Simulation and experimental results arereported, confirming the validity of this control . 1. Equivalenl cimuif ofan invener connecled 10 a bust"Fig. 2. P-odraop . REVlEW OF THE CONVENTIONAL DROOP METHODFig. 1 shows the equivalent circuit of an inverter connectedto a common bus through coupled impedance. When thisimpedance is inductive, the active and reactive powers drawnto the load can be expressed asEVcosQ - V2 Q=where Xis the output reactance of an inverter; Q is the phaseangle between the output voltage of the inverter and thevoltage of the common bus; E and V are the amplitude of theoutput voltage of the inverter and the bus voltage, the above equations it can be derived that the activepower P is predominately dependent on the power angle Q,while the reactive power Q mostly depends on the outputvoltageamplitude. Consequently, most of wireless-control ofparalleled-inverters uses the conventional droop method,which introduces the following droops in the amplitude Eand the frequency U of the inverter output voltageu = w -mP (3)E = E ' - n Q , (4)being W* and E' the output voltage frequency and amplitudeat no load, respectively; m and n are the droop coefficientsfor the frequency and amplitude, , a coupled inductance is needed between theinverter output and the critical bus that fixes the outputimpedance, in order to ensure a proper power flow. However,it is bulky and increase:; the size and the cost of the UPSmodules. In addition, tho output voltage is highly distortedwhen supplying nonlinezr loads since the output impedanceis a pure is well known that if droop coefficients are increased,then good power sharing is achieved at the expense ofdegrading the voltage regulation (see Fig. 2).The inherent trade-off of this scheme restricts thementioned coefficients, which can be a serious limitation interms of transient response, power sharing accuracy, andsystem the other hand, lo carry out the droop functions,expressed by (3) and (4), it is necessary to calculate theaverage value over one line-cycle of the output active andreactive instantaneous power. This can be implemented bymeans of low pass filters with a smaller bandwidth than thatof the closed-loop inverter. Consequently, the powercalculation filters and droop coefficients determine, to a largeextent, the dynamics and the stability of the paralleledinvertersystem [ conclusion, the droop method has several intrinsicproblems to be applied a wireless paralleled-system ofonline UPS, which can he summed-up as follows:Static trade-off between the output-voltage regulation(frequency and amplitude) and the power-sharingaccuracy (active an4d reactive).2) Limited transient response. The system dynamicsdepends on the power-calculation filter characteristics,the droop coefficients, and the output of ac mains synchronization. The frequency andphase deviations, due to the frequency droop, makeimpracticable this method to a parallel-connectedonline UPS system, in which every UPS should becontinuously synchronized to the public ac )3)111. PROPOSED CONTROL FOR PARALLEL ONLINE UPSINVERTERSIn this work, we will try to overcome the above limitationsand to synthesize a novel control strategy withoutcommunication wires that could be appropriate to highperformanceparalleled industrial UPS. The objective is toconnect online UPS inverters in parallel without usingcontrol interconnections. This kind of systems, also namedinverter-preferred, should be continuously synchronized tothe utility line. When an overload or an inverter failureoccurs, a static bypass switch may connect the input line tothe load, bypassing the inve:rter [14][15].Fig. 3 shows the general diagram of a distributed onlineUPS system. This system consists of two buses: the utilitybus, which is connected lo the public ac mains; and thesecure bus, connected to the distributed critical loads. Theinterface between these buses is based on a number of onlineUPS modules connected in parallel, which providescontinuously power to the: loads [16]. The UPS modulesinclude a rectifier, a set of batteries, an inverter, and a staticbypass ac mainsutility busI I Ij distributed loads !Fig. 3. Online distributed UPS /I 4(4Fig. 4. Operation modes of an online UPS.(a) Normal operation. (b) Bypass operation. (c) Mains failureThe main operation modes of a distributed online UPS1) Normal operation: The power flows to the load, fromthe utility through the distributed UPS ) Mains failure: When the public ac mains fails, theUPS inverters supply the power to the loads, from thebatteries, without operation: When an overload situation occurs,the bypass switch must connect the critical busdirectly to the ac mains, in order to guarantee thecontinuous supply of the loads, avoiding the damageof the UPS this reason, the output-voltage waveform should besynchronized to the mains, when this last is are listed below (see Fig. 5):3)Nevertheless, as we state before, the conventional droopmethod can not satisfy the need for synchronization with theutility, due to the frequency variation of the inverters, whichprovokes a phase obtain the required performance, we present a transientP-w droop without frequency-deviation in steady-state,proposed previously by OUT in [ 111w=o -mP (5)where is the active power signal without the dccomponent,which is done by. -I t -1sP= p ,( s + t - ' ) ( s + o , )being zthe time constant of the transient droop transient droop function ensures a stable frequencyregulation under steady-state conditions, and 'at the sametime, achieves active power balance by adjusting thefrequency of the modules during a load transient. Besides, toadjust the phase of the modules we propose an additionalsynchronizing loop, yieldingo=w'-m%k,A$, (7)where A$ is the phase difference between the inverter and themains; and k, is the proportional constant of the frequencyadjust. The steady-state frequency reference w* can beobtained by measuring the utility line second term of the previous equality trends to zero insteady state, leading tow = w' - k4($ -@'), (8)being $and $* the phase angles of the output voltage inverterand the utility mains, into account that w = d $ / d t , we can obtain thenext differential equation, which is stable fork, positived$ *dt dt- + km$ = - + k,$' . (9)Thus, when phase difference increases, frequency willdecrease slightly and, hence, all :he UPS modules will besynchronized with the utility, while sharing the power drawnto the . CONTROLLIEMRP LEMENTATIONFig. 5 depicts the block diagram of the proposedcontroller. The average active power P , without the dccomponent, can be obtained by means of multiplying theoutput voltage by the output current, and filtering the product........................................................................................io",.LSj'nchronirorion loop.......................................................................................Fig. 5. Block diagram of the proposed a band-pass filter. In a similar way, the averagereactive power is obtained, hut in this case the output-voltagemust be delayed 90 degrees, and using a low-pass order to adjust the output voltage frequency, equation(7) is implemented, which corresponds to the frequencymains drooped by two transient-terms: the transient activepower signal term; and the phase difference term, whichis added in order to synchronize the output voltage with theac mains, in a phase-locked loop (PLL) fashion. The outputvoltageamplitude is regulated by using the conventionaldroop method (4).Finally, the physical coupled inductance can be avoided byusing a virtual inductor [17]. This concept consists inemulated an inductance behavior, by drooping the outputvoltage proportionally to the time derivative of the outputcurrent. However, when supplying nonlinear loads, the highordercurrent-harmonics can increase too much the outputvoltageTHD. This can be easily solved by using a high-passfilter instead of a pure-derivative term of the output current,which is useful to share linear and nonlinear loads [I 1][12].Furthermore, the proper design of this output inductance canreduce, to a large extent, the unbalance line-impedanceimpact over the power sharing . SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTARELS ULTSThe proposed control scheme, (4) and (7), was simulatedwith the parameters listed in Table 1 and the scheme shownin Fig. 6, for a two paralleled inverters system. Thecoefficients m, n, T, and kv were chosen to ensure stability,proper transient response and good phase matching. Fig. 7shows the waveforms of the frequency, circulating currents,phase difference between the modules and the utility line,and the evolution of the active and reactive powers. Note theexcellent synchronization between the modules and theACmiiinr 4 j. ...L...... ..........................B...u...n...... ................................... iFig. 6. Parallel operation oftwa online UPS modules,mains, and, at the same time, the good power sharingobtained. This characteristik let us to apply the controller tothe online UPS paralleled I-kVA UPS modules were built and tested in order toshow the validity of the proposed approach. Each UPSinverter consisted of a single-phase IGBT full-bridge with aswitching frequency of 20 kHz and an LC output filter, withthe following parameters: 1. = 1 mH, C = 20 WF, Vi" = 400V,v, = 220 V, I50 Hz. The controllers of these inverters werebased on three loops: an inner current-loop, an outer PIcontroller that ensures voltage regulation, and the loadsharingcontroller, based on (4) and (7). The last controllerwas implemented by means of a TMS320LF2407A, fixedpoint40 MHz digital sigrial processor (DSP) from TexasInstruments (see Fig. 8), using the parameters listed in TableI. The DSP-controller also includes a PLL block in order tosynchronize the inverter with the common bus. When thisoccurs, the static bypass switch is tumed on, and the droopbasedcontrol is 7 Wa\cfc)rms for , ;mnectcd in parallel. rpchrontred io Ihc ac mdnl.(a) Frequencics ufhoth UPS (b) Clrculattng currcni among modulcs. (CJ Phmc d!Nercn;: betucen ihc UPS a#>dth e ai mum(d) Ikiril uf the phze diNmncc (e) md (0 Activc and rcactlw pouerr "I ooih UPSNote that the iimc-acs arc deliheratcly JiNercni due in thc disiinct timuion*uni) ofthe \ THE PARALLELESDYS Order I IFilter Cut-off Frequency I 0, I 10 I ragsFig. 8 shows the output-current transient response of theUPS inverters. First, the two UPS are operating in parallelwithout load. Notice that a small reactive current is circlingbetween the modules, due to the measurement , a nonlinear load, with a crest factor of 3, is connectedsuddenly. This result shows the good dynamics and loadsharingof the paralleled system when sharing a . 8. Output current for the two paralleled UPS, during the connection of Bcommon nonlinear load with a crest factor of 3. (Axis-x: 20 mddiv. Axis-y:5 Mdiv.).VI. CONCLUSIONSIn this paper, a novel load-sharing controller for parallelconnectedonline UPS systems, was proposed. The controlleris based on the droop method, which avoids the use ofcontrol interconnections. In a sharp contrast with theconventional droop method, the controller presented is ableto keep the output-voltage frequency and phase strictlysynchronized with the utility ac mains, while maintaininggood load sharing for linear and nonlinear loads. This fact letus to extend the droop method to paralleled online the other hand, the proposed controller emulates aspecial kind of impedance, avoiding the use of a physicalcoupled inductance. results reported here show theeffectiveness of the proposed approach.
什么意思？要英文的？题目要汉语翻译？
1、高压软开关充电电源硬件设计2、自动售货机控制系统的设计3、PLC控制电磁阀耐久试验系统设计4、永磁同步电动机矢量控制系统的仿真研究5、PLC在热交换控制系统设计中的应用6、颗粒包装机的PLC控制设计7、输油泵站机泵控制系统设计8、基于单片机的万年历硬件设计9、550KVGIS中隔离开关操作产生的过电压计算10、时滞网络化控制系统鲁棒控制器设计11、多路压力变送器采集系统设计12、直流电机双闭环系统硬件设计13、漏磁无损检测磁路优化设计14、光伏逆变电源设计15、胶布烘干温度控制系统的设计16、基于MATLAB的数字滤波器设计与仿真17、电镀生产线中PLC的应用18、万年历的程序设计19、变压器设计20、步进电机运动控制系统的硬件设计21、比例电磁阀驱动性能比较22、220kv变电站设计23、600A测量级电流互感器设计24、自动售货机控制中PLC的应用25、足球机器人比赛决策子系统与运动轨迹的研究26、厂区35kV变电所设计27、基于给定指标的电机设计28、电梯控制中PLC的应用29、常用变压器的结构及性能设计30、六自由度机械臂控制系统软件开发31输油泵站热媒炉PLC控制系统设计32步进电机驱动控制系统软件设计33足球机器人的视觉系统与色标分析的研究34自来水厂PLC工控系统控制站设计35永磁直流电动机磁场分析36永磁同步电动机磁场分析37应用EWB的电子表电路设计与仿真38电路与电子技术基础》之模拟电子篇CAI课件的设计39逻辑无环流直流可逆调速系统的仿真研究40机器人足球比赛图像采集与目标识别的研究41自来水厂plc工控系统操作站设计42PLC结合变频器在风机节能上的应用43交流电动机调速系统接口电路的设计44直流电动机可逆调速系统设计45西门子S7-300PLC在二氧化碳变压吸附中的应用46DMC控制器设计47电力电子电路的仿真48图像处理技术在足球机器人系统中的应用49管道缺陷长度对漏磁场分布影响的研究50生化过程优化控制方案设计51交流电动机磁场定向控制系统设计52开关电磁阀流量控制系统的硬件设计53比例电磁阀的驱动电源设计54交流电动机SVPWM控制系统设计55PLC在恒压供水控制中的应用56西门子S7-200系列PLC在搅拌器控制中的应用57基于侧抑制增强图像处理方法的研究58西门子s7-300系列plc在工业加热炉控制中的应用59西门子s7-200系列plc在电梯控制中的应用60PLC在恒压供水控制中的应用61磁悬浮系统的常规控制方法研究62建筑公司施工进度管理系统设计63网络销售数据库系统设计64生产过程设备信息管理系统的设计与实现
我有一篇我本科毕设的小论文，英文中文都有，而且是我人工翻译的，8000字左右。你要的话PM我。我是电气工程及其自动化专业的。《Analysis of thyristor-controlled phase shifter applied in damping power system oscillations》