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应用类毕业论文模板下载

谁有PPT模板网盘资源?很多朋友上网百度搜索。可是效果差强人意,下载来的不是拼凑版就是不清晰。不仅费时费力,还让人苦恼不已。可以说PPT模板需求是大的,在我们生产生活中的应用也是非常广泛。自己收集整理了各种风格的ppt模板合辑,现在分享给大家。希望可以帮到你,根据需要选择自己喜欢的下载就行了。

点击下载2000套精美PPT模板

产品简介:PPT模板是指Powerpoint所用的模板,一套好的PPT模板可以让一篇PPT文稿的形象迅速提升,大大增加可观赏性。 同时又可以让PPT思路更清晰,逻辑更严谨,更方便处理图表、文字、图片等内容,ppt模板又分为动态模板和静态模板,动态模板是通过设置动作和各种动画展示达到表达思想同步的一种时尚式模板。

毕业论文还是什么专业的,你去脚印论文网看一下,里面有很多论文格式模板。各行各业的论文模版都有。

学术风PPT模板免费下载

链接:

幻灯片模板即已定义的幻灯片格式。PowerPoint和Word、Excel等应用软件一样,都是Microsoft公司推出的Office系列产品之一,主要用于设计制作广告宣传、产品演示的电子版幻灯片,制作的演示文稿可以通过计算机屏幕或者投影机播放;利用PowerPoint,不但可以创建演示文稿,还可以在互联网上召开面对面会议、远程会议或在Web上给观众展示演示文稿。随着办公自动化的普及,PowerPoint的应用越来越广。

简历|毕业论文|中国风简历PPT模板 免费下载

链接: 

幻灯片模板即已定义的幻灯片格式。PowerPoint和Word、Excel等应用软件一样,都是Microsoft公司推出的Office系列产品之一,主要用于设计制作广告宣传、产品演示的电子版幻灯片,制作的演示文稿可以通过计算机屏幕或者投影机播放;利用PowerPoint,不但可以创建演示文稿,还可以在互联网上召开面对面会议、远程会议或在Web上给观众展示演示文稿。随着办公自动化的普及,PowerPoint的应用越来越广

毕业论文应用模板下载

2019-2020毕业论文答辩PPT模板第五期.rar免费下载

链接:

幻灯片模板即已定义的幻灯片格式。PowerPoint和Word、Excel等应用软件一样,都是Microsoft公司推出的Office系列产品之一,主要用于设计制作广告宣传、产品演示的电子版幻灯片,制作的演示文稿可以通过计算机屏幕或者投影机播放;利用PowerPoint,不但可以创建演示文稿,还可以在互联网上召开面对面会议、远程会议或在Web上给观众展示演示文稿。随着办公自动化的普及,PowerPoint的应用越来越广。

嘿嘿。在百度输入“无忧ppt”就可以啦。 然后再查找毕业论文模板就可以啦。里面还有很多PPT模板的。你可以根据你的需要去打开下载就可以了。

百度输入“模板大师”,然后直接搜索关键字就可以了。

我把链接发你,点开输入提取码,在里面下载保存就可以看到你需要的模板了。

毕业论文答辩模板

链接: 提取码:m5dz

应用电子毕业论文模板下载

写论文的时候内容提要应把论文的主要观点提示出来,便于读者一看就能了解论文内容的要点。论文提要要求写得简明而又全面,不要罗哩罗嗦抓不住要点或者只是干巴巴的几条筋,缺乏说明观点的材料。 内容提要可分为报道性提要和指示性提要。报道性提要,主要介绍研究的主要方法与成果以及成果分析等,对文章内容的提示较全面

毕业论文还是什么专业的,你去脚印论文网看一下,里面有很多论文格式模板。各行各业的论文模版都有。

基于EDI的电子征税系统应用探讨 【论文摘要】作为电子化贸易工具的EDI技术已相当成熟,将其用于电子征税发挥了其安全可靠、数据从计算机到计算机自动传输不需人工介入操作等优点。本文对基于EDI的电子征税系统进行了探讨,提出了自己的一些看法。 1.1 EDI的定义 EDI(Electronic Data Interchange,电子数据交换)是20世纪80年代发展起来的一种新颖的电子化贸易工具,是计算机、通信和现代化管理相结合的产物。国际标准化组织(ISO)对EDI的定义是:“为商业或行政事务处理,按照一个公认的标准,形成结构化的事务处理或消息报文格式,从计算机到计算机的数据传输方法。”通俗地讲,就是标准化的商业文件在计算机之间从应用到应用的传送。EDI是企业单位之间的商业文件数据传输,传输的文件数据采用共同的标准和固定格式,其所通过的数据通信网络一般是增值网和专用网,数据是从计算机到计算机自动传输,不需人工介入操作。 1.2 EDI的组成元素 EDI有3个基本组成要素:通信网络、计算机硬件和专用软件组成的应用系统以及报文标准。通讯网络是实现EDI的基础,可利用公用电话交换网、分组交换网以及广域网、城域网和局域网来建立EDI的增值网络。计算机应用系统是实现EDI的前提,该应用系统是由EDI用户单位建立的,其硬件由PC机(服务器)、调制解调器等组成,软件由转换软件、翻译软件、通信软件等组成。转换软件将计算机系统的文件转换为翻译软件能理解的中间文件,或将翻译软件接受的中间文件转换成计算机系统的文件;翻译软件将中间文件翻译成EDI的标准格式,或将后者翻译成前者;通信软件将要发送的EDI标准格式文件外层加上通信信封,送到EDI交换中心信箱,或从信箱将接受的文件取回,计算机应用系统能将EDI传送的单证等经济信息进行自动处理。EDI报文必须按照国际标准进行格式化,目前应用最广泛的EDI国际标准是UN/EDIFACT标准。 EDI接入如图1所示。 1.3 EDI的工作过程 EDI的工作过程为:你的应用系统产生一个文件,例如报税单,EDI翻译器自动将报税单转换成征纳税双方同意的EDI标准格式,通信部分上增值网进行发送,网络进行一系列的合法性和数据完整性检查,将其放入EDI中心的相应邮箱里,税收征收机关上网取出邮箱里的信件,EDI翻译器将信封里的数据从标准格式转换成内部应用系统可读的格式进行处理,从而实现电子报税。 2 基于EDI的电子征税系统 2.1 电子征税系统 税务征纳电子化的总体发展方向是形成以电子报税为主,其他申报方式为辅的格局。电子征税包括电子申报和电子结算2个环节。电子申报指纳税人利用各自的计算机或电话机,通过电话网、分组交换网、Internet等通讯网络系统,直接将申报资料发送给税务征收机关,从而实现纳税人不必亲临税务机关,即可完成申报的一种方式;电子结算指国库根据纳税人的税票信息,直接从其开户银行划拨税款的过程。第1个环节解决了纳税人与税务部门间的电子信息交换,实现了申报无纸化;第2个环节解决了纳税人、税务、银行及国库间电子信息及资金的交换,实现了税款收付的无纸化。 2.2 EDI征纳税系统工作流程 EDI的应用领域非常广泛,涵盖工业、商业、外贸、金融、保险、运输、政府机关等,而EDI在税务系统的应用推进了税务处理电子化的进程。 电子报税流程如图2所示。 EDI征税系统工作流程如下: (1)纳税人通过计算机按一定格式将申报表填写好,并由计算机进行自动逻辑审核后,利用电话网或分组网,通过邮电局主机发往税务局邮箱; (2)税务局主机收到申报表后进行处理,发回执并开出缴款书; (3)纳税户通过邮箱系统收取回执和缴款书,了解税款划拨结果; (4)国库处收到缴款书后,按缴款书内容通知银行划款;银行收到缴款书后进行划款,将划款结果返回国库,并通过国库返回税务局。 2.3 EDI电子征税的优势 利用EDI实现电子报税,有利于实现税收征管现代化。可以节省时间,提高工作效率,消除纸面作业和重复劳动,改善对客户的服务。EDI意味着更准确地实现数据标准化及计算机自动识别和处理,消除人工干预和错误,减少了人工和纸张费用。 3 我国电子征税的现状和几点看法 发展电子税务是中国政府实施信息化的一项重大工程。国家税务总局实施的“金税工程”通过计算机网络已初步实现对企业增值税发票和纳税状况的严密监控。目前全国区县级国税局已配备了低档认证子系统,专门对百万元版、十万元版和部分万元版增值税专用发票进行认证,计算机稽核软件和发票协查软件也已开发完成并正在部分地区试运行,国家税务总局已完成了与北京等九省市国税系统的四级(总局、省局、地市局和县级局)网络建设,其他省区网络建设和全国稽核设备配备工作正在准备中。 应该看到国家发展电子税务的决心。在实施的过程中,笔者认为,应注意以下几点: (1)重视税务部门工作人员计算机应用能力的培养。为了适应电子税务的需要,税务部门工作人员除了要具有专业知识,还应掌握计算机应用知识,要分期分批进行培训。尤其是区县级以及比较偏远落后地区,在网络建设的同时,就应对其工作人员进行计算机知识的培训。将计算机的应用能力作为上岗的一个条件。 (2)由于电子税务作为电子政务的一个组成部分,所以,在构建电子税务系统的时候,在思想上要有全局观念、发展的眼光,要考虑未来与电子政务平台的整合问题,防止 构建一个封闭的系统。 (3)将具有标准性的EDI与具有普遍性的Internet相结合,建立互联网EDI,缴税人员可在家里或办公室利用浏览器从Web上填写税表进行有关电子商务,简单方便,免去在徼税大厅排队之苦。 互联网EDI对于纳税户来讲,基本上是零安装、零维护,不必额外投资,费用低。而对税务部门来讲,采用互联网EDI报税可使税表以电子文件的模式通过电子商务网送达税务部门,提高了工作效率,减轻了税务部门工作量,方便了税户,缩短了报税时间。电子化的税务表格可以直接进入数据库,无需税务部门进行人工输入,减轻了工作量,减少了人为错误;互联网EDI报税系统通过电子报文审查功能可自动识别税户错填、漏填项目,不允许带有这类人为错误的报文进行传送,减轻了税务部门的检查、校对工作,提高了工作效率。 (4)应重视电子征税的宣传工作,使广大纳税户积极参与到电子纳税的行列中来。 4结语 总之,电子征纳税是税收征管现代化的要求,是社会经济发展的必然趋势。而作为实现电子征税的EDI技术,必将和Internet技术相结合,使互联网成为EDI信息的传输媒体。通过互联网EDI进行电子征税,是电子征税的发展方向。 参考文献 〔1〕 http://www.ctax.com.cn/fask/20011126213203.htm 〔2〕 http://www.e-works.net.cn/jcjs/ia24.htm [3] /examples/tax.htm 〔4〕 http://202.104.84.84/edi/edi/App4.HTML 〔5〕 龚炳铮.EDI与电子商务〔M〕.北京:清华大学出版社,1999.

如果你正在为毕业论文的排版,页码等设置急得焦头烂额,看看大侠在线编辑制作的毕业论文模板,或者直接下载到你的电脑上后,在本文件上插入你的正文内容,即可直接做好论文的编辑和制作了。无需再烦恼了,下载地址

文件来源:大侠在线

联系邮箱(账号满员,不加好友)

英语应用型论文模板下载

你是高中初中还是大学我现在是高中高中的话 其实你不一定要背模板你买本满分作文背10篇左右就没压力。平时写作文可以先查资料背下来再写。这样很快就能提高重点是句式要多 倒装 省略 强调 什么的词汇要和别人不一样。比如说there is no doubt that 可以换成there is no escaping the fact that I think 可以写成it is a good idea积累才是最重要的还有一些关联词 不要用什么first second 可以用to begin with/in the first place 连接可以用 in the meanwhile ./furthermore what's more/ as eauql as important 结尾可以用 last but not least名言警句能用就用不能就算了。句式字迹词汇 这些是最重要的 多读吧

标题摘要关键词正文

万能的英语作文模板,可以让我们写作的速度加快。下面是我给大家整理的万能英语作文范文模板,供大家参阅!

开头部分:

How nice to hear from you again.

Let me tell you something about the activity.

I’m glad to have received your letter of .

I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit.

I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.

结尾部分:

With best wishes.

I’m looking forward to your reply.

I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.

1.正反观点式议论文模板

导入:

第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should...(导入话题)

Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧)

正文:

第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点)

Here are the ...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)

第3段:However,the others are strongly against it.(反方观点)

Their reasons are as the first place...What’s more...In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由)

结论:

第4段:Personally speaking,the advantages overweigh the disadvantages,for it will do us more harm than good,so I support it.(个人观点) オ

呼语及开场白部分:

Ladies and gentlemen,May I have your attention,please?I have an announcement to make.

正文部分:

All the teachers and students are required to attend it.

Please take your notebooks and make notes.

Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups.

Please come on time and don’t be late.

结束语部分:

Please come and join in it.

Everybody is welcome to attend it.

I hope you’ll have a nice time here.

That’s you.

导入:

第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题

As a student,I am strongly in favour of the decision.(亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)

The reasons for this may be listed as follows.(过渡句,承上启下)

正文:

第2段:First of all...Secondly...Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)

结论:

第3段:In conclusion,I believe that...(照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构)

4."How to"类议论文模板:

导入:

第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题

正文:

第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem,but the following may be most of all...Another way to solve the problem is ...Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法)

结论:

第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)

导入:

第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many that B is much would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.

正文:

第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer main reason is that ...Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因)

第3段:Of course,B also has advantages to some extent...(列出1~2个B的优势)

结论:

第4段:But if all these factors are considered,A is much better than what has been discussed above,we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论) オ

The chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题.

The first thing we notice is that 图表最大特点 .

This means that as (进一步说明).

We can see from the statistics given that 图表细节一 .

After 动词-ing 细节一中的第一个变化,

the动词-ed+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化) .

The figures also tell us that图表细节二 .

In the column,we can see that accounts for (进一步描述).

Judging from these figures,we can draw the conclusion that (结论).

The reason for this,as far as I am concerned is that (给出原因).

It is high time that we (发出倡议).

图画类写作模板:

1.开头

Look at this picture./The picture shows that.../From this picture,we can see.../As is shown in the picture.../As is seen in the picture...

2.衔接句

As we all know,.../As is known to all,.../It is well known that.../In my opinion,.../As far as I am concerned,.../This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.

3.结尾句

In conclusion.../In brief.../On the whole.../In short.../In a word.../Generally speaking.../As has been stated..

一.用于作文开头的万能模板

1、Many people insist that...很多人(坚持)认为……

这句话乍看没亮点,但将众人皆知的"think"换为"insist"有没有觉得高大上了许多?

2、With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that...随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为……

3、A lot of people seem to think that...很多人似乎认为……

二.引出不同观点的万能模板

1、People's views on... vary from person to person. Some hold that... . However, others believe that....人们对……的观点因人而异。有些人认为.....然而其他人却认为……

看这个长度就已然鹤立鸡群。其实,也是一个蛮简单也好记的模板。

2、Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person. 人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异。

乍一看,跟上句的开头神似,其实就是省略掉了"people's",不仅清爽而且好像高端了一些。

3、People may have different opinions on...人们对……可能会有不同的见解。

又是一个婉转的句子,展示其客观性。

4、There are different opinions among people as to...关于……人们的观点大不相同。

"different"虽拉低了水准,但"as to"又拯救了回来。

5、Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure).对(失败)人们的态度各不相同。

这句话貌似亮点不多,顶多一个"hold",但也是安全牌,容易理解。

三.得出最终结论的万能模板

1、Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that...把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论……

很完全的答法,"take sth into consideration"短语的应用,加分。

2、Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that...考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论……

"Take into account sth"短语似乎又比上句的"take sth into consideration"提升了一个层次。

3、Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that...因此,自然我们得出以下结论。。。

"Hence"一词用在文章中大气吧,但别平时口语中用,否则即使老外也用一种看老古董的眼神看你。。。再特意提一句:"we'd better"在这里不是“不得不”或“最好”的意思,而是一种自然而然,水到渠成的得出结论。

4、There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits.毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点。

短语"there is no doubt that"上线,同时运用我们的老朋友"as well as"增加看点。

5、All in all, we cannot live without... But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.总之,我们没有……是无法生活的。但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。

这句话一般用于作文结尾,属万能句式,句式较为简单,方便操作。

四.提出最终建议的万能模板

1、It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。

"It is high time" 打头,为该句增色。注:that 后跟虚拟语气,后跟动词的一般过去式,表示“是某人做。。。的时候了”或者“是某人不做。。。的时候了”

2、It is time to take the advice of ... and to put special emphasis on the improvement of ...该是采纳……的建议,并对……的进展给予非常重视的时候了。

去掉一个"high",画风完全不一样,不用过去式,只需用"to do"来替代。

3、There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of ...毫无疑问,对……问题应予以足够的重视。

"there is no doubt that"+被动还是蛮经典的组合。

4、Obviously,.... If we want to do something... , it is essential that...显然,如果我们想做某事,我们需要……

这句有些老生常谈,稍微不“常”的就是"essential" 替代了"important"。

5、Only in this way can we... 只有这样,我们才能...

Only+倒装,经典万能句式,还能看出点水平呢。

6、It must be realized that... 我们必须意识到...

把人人都会的"I realized"升格为被动语态,省略了主语,监考老师绝对会眼前一亮的!

五.英语四级作文预示后果万能模板

1、Obviously, if we don't control the problem, the chances are that... will lead us in danger.很明显,如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险。

"the chances are that"替代了"may",果然说话拐弯的生物不止是中国人。

2、No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that...毫无疑问,除非我们采取有效措施,否则很可能会……

作文结尾万用句,毫无破绽。

3、It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展。

"It is urgent that"+被动,效果不错滴。

教育类毕业论文模板下载

百度文库的文档涉及各个领域,资源丰富,不用扣除财富值就能免费下载,操作十分简单,下面就为大家提供百度文库怎么免费下载的具体操作步骤。

可以去怪人网看看 做了两年的PPT一直都在怪人网上下载模板怪人网上有很多不错的毕业论文答辩PPT模板自己需要哪个下哪个关键是不要钱

英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板

所谓论文提纲,是指论文作者动笔行文前的必要准备,是论文构思谋篇的具体体现。构思谋篇是指组织设计毕业论文的篇章结构,以便论文作者可以根据论文提纲安排材料素材、对课题论文展开论证。下面我以英语教育专业毕业论文提纲为例,为大家介绍论文提纲的写法。

英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板一

摘要 2-3

Abstract 3

引言 6-13

一、研究的背景 6-7

二、文献综述 7-11

(一) 国外研究状况 7-9

(二) 国内研究状况 9-11

三、研究方法 11-12

四、创新之处 12-13

第一章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论思考 13-22

一、相关概念的界定 13

二、小学高年级实施英语语篇整体性教学的必要性 13-14

(一) 小学高年级学生心理发展的特点 13

(二) 小学高年级英语语篇的特点 13-14

三、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论基础 14-18

(一) 心理学中的整体性原则 14-15

(二) 心理学中的认知理论 15-16

(三) 三种阅读教学模式 16-18

四、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的主要类型 18-22

(一) 对话类语篇整体性教学要素 18-19

(二) 故事类语篇整体性教学要素 19-22

第二章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂模式实施的现状调研 22-38

一、调研设计 22-23

(一) 调研对象 22

(二) 调研方法 22

(三) 调研内容 22-23

二、对小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学推进情况的调研 23-38

(一) 对语篇整体性教学实施态度的调研 23-25

(二) 对语篇整体性教学实施过程的调研 25-27

(三) 对语篇整体性教学实施效果的调研 27-34

(四)对语篇整体性教学实施困惑的调研 34-38

第三章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学调研的问题及原因分析 38-46

一、在实施语篇整体性教学过程中存在的问题 38-41

(一) 过于重视“整体”,完全放弃了 “局部”知识点学习 38-39

(二)为了体现“学生主体”,大胆放弃“教师主导” 39-40

(三)误解“阅读语篇”的意义,变成“反复朗读语篇” 40

(四)为了“整体情境”,拘泥于“单一情境” 40

(五)为了“立足语篇”,拒绝“适当有效拓展” 40-41

二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学问题产生原因的分析 41-46

第四章 优化小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的途径 46-54

一、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂实施的原则 46-51

(一) 整体理解为主,细节理解为辅 46-48

(二) 语感训练为主,语法理解为辅 48-50

(三) 思维训练为主,知识技能掌握为辅 50-51

二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的策略研究 51-54

(一) 确立明确的教学目标 51

(二) 分配合理的预习任务 51-52

(三) 关注有效的情景创设 52

(四) 把握清晰的主线设置 52

(五) 关注丰富的拓展阅读 52-54

结语 54-55

参考文献 55-59

致谢 59-60

英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板二

Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures

Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX

Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-Chinese\Chinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)

Key Words: idioms; culture; translation

论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译

摘要 :著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言,熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要,

因为词语只有在其作用的'文化背景下才有意义。”也就是说,翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱,专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近20年来,习语翻译大多强调语际的交流,而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异,进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法,并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文,选择与原文风格,意思相符的翻译;文化是一种生活方式,文化在变化,出现新的习语,习语翻译要与时俱进。

关键词: 习语;文化;翻译

1. Introduction

Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression

that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)

2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms

The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms Geographical Conditions

The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.

Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of

Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)

For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会

Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进

A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)

On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴,对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......". Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯,海枯石烂,海阔天空,海底捞针,海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)

History

The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms

Colours

Numbers

3. Methods of Idiom Translation

Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:

Literal Translation

Free Translation

Translation with Notes

Replacement with Similar Idioms

The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning

A Combination of Literal and Free Translation

4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation

5. Conclusion

One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others' feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)

References

[*] 作者. 书名(英语的斜体). (出版地:)出版社,年份:参考内容页码 [*] 作者. 文章名(英语的斜体). 刊物名称. (出版地:)出版社,年份

[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press,2008

[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xi'an: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007

[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982

[4] Nida Eugene. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993

[5] Susan Bassnett, Andre Lefevere. Translation, History, Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987

[6] Luo Shiping. A Research on English Idioms. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006

[7] Li Yuping. English Idioms and their Cultural Origin. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008

[8] Yin Li. English-Chinese Idioms and Folk Culture. Beijing: Bejing university Press, 2007

[9] Zhang Yajun. A Kaleidoscope of Chinese Culture. Beijing: Sinolingua, 2008\

[10] 李云(Li Yun).《新编大学翻译教程》. 北京:世界知识出版社, 2007 [11] 马爱英(Ma Aiying).《中英文化翻译》. 北京:科学出版社, 2006

原创的论文也有答辩的PPT都可以的,好的

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