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2022年4月计算机英文期刊有：1、计算机学报2、软件学报3、自动化学报4、计算机研究与发展5、控制与决策《计算机科学技术学报（英文版）》（以下简称JCST）创刊于1986年，是我国计算机领域第一本英文学术期刊，其编辑委员会由八十余位国际权威专家组成，其中海外编委占50%以上。JCST编委在国际范围内组、约稿件，并严格把关，努力把刊物建设成为真正的国际期刊。JCST目前已被SCIE、EI、Scopus、DBLP、Computing Reviews、Research Alert、CSCD等国内外重要数据库和检索系统收录，并多次被评为“中国最具国际影响力学术期刊”。
Publications即可
1 低温工程2 复合材料学报3 真空科学与技术学报4 摩擦学学报5 计量学报6 传感技术学报7 煤炭学报(中、英文版)8 石油学报9 钢铁(中、英文版)10 中国有色金属学报(中、英文版)11 机械工程学报(中、英文版)12 中国机械工程13 仪器仪表学报14 振动工程学报15 兵工学报16 工程热物理学报(中英文版)17 内燃机学报18 动力工程19 内燃机工程20 热力发电21 太阳能学报22 中国电机工程学报23 电力系统自动化24 电工技术学报25 电子学报(中、英文版)26 光子学报27 光电工程28 通信学报29 电子科学学刊(改名为：电子与信息学报)30 电信科学31 微波学报32 电路与系统学报33 计算机学报(中、英文版)34 自动化学报35 软件学报36 计算机研究与发展37 系统工程理论与实践 (中、英 文版)38 控制理论与应用39 模式识别与人工智能40 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报41 中国图象图形学报42 计算机科学与技术学报 (英文版)43 化工学报(中、英文版)44 中国腐蚀与防护学报45 高等学校化工学报(高校化学工程学报)(中、英文版)46 燃料化学学报47 纺织学报48 中国食品学报49 建筑结构学报50 建筑学报51 岩土工程学报52 土木工程学报53 岩石力学与工程学报54 城市规划55 水利学报56 水力发电学报57 海洋工程58 测绘学报59 汽车工程60 中国公路学报61 中国环境科学62 环境科学学报(中、英文版)63 自然灾害学报64 中国生物医学工程学报 (中、英文版)65 宇航学报66 航天医学与医学工程67 浙江大学学报（工学版）这个是工学的，其中我们学校的公路在全国排名第一。自然科学1 中国科学（A-E辑）（中、英文版） 27 无机材料学报（中、英文版） 52 海洋学报2 科学通报（中、英文版） 28材料研究学报（材 料 科 学 进 展） 53 海洋与湖沼3 自然科学进展（中、英文版） 29 化学物理学报 54 经济地理4 数学学报（中、英文版） 30 催化学报 55 地理学报5 数学年刊（A、B辑） 31 化学学报（中、英文版）56 遥感学报6 应用数学学报 32 物理化学学报 57 生理学报7 计算数学（中、英文版） 33 分析化学 58 遗传学报8 数学进展 34 高分子学报（中、英文版） 59 动物学报9 系统科学与数学 35 无机化学学报 60 植物学报（中、英文版）10 高校应用数学学报 36 有机化学 61 生物物理学报11 数学物理学报 37 高等学校化学学报（中、英文版） 62 生物化学与生物物理学报12 应用数学与力学（英文版） 38 中国稀土学报 63 微生物学报13 力学学报（中、英文版） 39 中国化学快报（英文版） 64 实验生物学报14 固体力学学报（中、英文版） 40 硅酸盐学报 65 细胞生物学杂志15 空气动力学学报 41 天文学报 66 生态学报16 航空学报 42 岩石学报 67 古生物学报17 水动力学研究与进展（英文版） 43 空间科学学报 68 植物分类学报18 物理学报（中、英文版） 44 地球物理学报（中、英文版） 69 动物学研究19 光学学报 45 地震学报 70 兽类学报20 半导体学报 46 气象学报 71 生物工程学报21 中国激光（中、英文版） 47 大气科学 72 生物多样性22 金属学报（中、英文版） 48 地球化学 学报 73 中国生物化学与分子生物学23 声学学报 49 地质科学 74 遗传24 高能物理与核物理（中、英文版） 50 地质学报（中、英文版） 75 中国应用生理学25 红外与毫米波学报（中、英文版） 51 矿物学报 76 环境科学26 中国物理快报（英文版）这个是自然学科。
不同学校划分的可能有所不同，但一般来说很多学校会以计算机学报相当于sci3区来划分。
以东北大学划分SCI分区为例：
可视为等同于SCI分区或可折算为分值的期刊（会议）如下：
1、《中国科学》及其英文版等同于SCI二区；
2、《自动化学报》、《中国电机工程学报》、《仪器仪表学报》、《电子学报》、《系统工程学报》、《中国图像图形学报》、《计算机学报》、《电工技术学报》、《软件学报》（含上述期刊的英文版）等同于SCI三区；
3、《控制与决策》及其英文版等同于SCI四区；
4、CCDC会议论文每篇按分计算。
《计算机学报》虽然不是sci。但计算机学报期刊级别为核心期刊，出刊周期为月刊，期刊创办于1978年。一般视为等同于SCI3区。计算机学报是中国科学院主管、中国计算机学会主办的学术性期刊。
计算机学报主要栏目设有：研究论文与技术报告、短文、学术通信、学术活动、中国计算机学会学术动态。
计算机学报已被CSCD 中国科学引文数据库来源期刊（含扩展版）、万方收录（中）、知网收录（中）、国家图书馆馆藏、EI 工程索引（美）、SA 科学文摘（英）、剑桥科学文摘、JST 日本科学技术振兴机构数据库（日）；
统计源核心期刊（中国科技论文核心期刊）、数学文摘、北大核心期刊（中国人文社会科学核心期刊）、上海图书馆馆藏、文摘与引文数据库、维普收录（中）收录。
论文翻译软件比较多，比如百度、谷歌、有道等等，软件其实大同小异吧。
1、CNKI翻译助手
CNKI翻译助手是“中国知网”开发的大型在线辅助翻译系统，词汇、句子均可进行翻译检索。系统对翻译请求中的每个词给出准确翻译和解释，同时给出大量与翻译请求在结构上相似、内容上相关的例句。120余万常用词汇、专业词汇、词条以及1000余万例句，形成海量中英在线词典和双语平行语料库。内容涵盖自然、社会科学的各个领域。
2、Google语言工具
Google语言工具界面更友好。不仅支持中文与英文互译，也可以直接与英、法、德、等大语种或捷克、朝鲜语等小语种进行语无伦次的互译。可自动检测语言。在进行翻译时可选择·检测语言·的选项，Google会自动猜测语言的种类，省却很多麻烦。总得来说google的翻译功能很强大。
3、微软WindowsLive在线翻译
这是软件专门用于提供翻译服务的网站，微软的翻译还是相当准确的，每次最多翻译500字，同时也提供网站全站翻译，支持多种语言。
4、海词在线词典
海词在线词典由在美国印第安纳大学的中国留学生范剑淼创建。正式使用于2003年11月27日（美国的感恩节）。词汇主要由计算机生成，准确性相对爱词霸弱，但是它提供了大量例句并且有发音，可以帮助矫正发音问题。海词也提供了大量的小工具，你可以把它们添加到你的博客或者个人网站上来增加更多丰富多彩的功能。
5、百度词典
百度词典的释义来自译典通，并且没有太大改进，无拼写提示无发音，基本上没有什么特点。类似于Handbook一类的工具书。
The firewall is developed in recent years to protect a computer network security technology, is currently the most widely used of a network security technology. The firewall is one or a group of access control strategy for the implementation of the system, which can be software, hardware or a combination of hardware and software, its purpose is to provide security protection for the network. Firewalls often in the internal network and external networks, can monitor, control and changes in internal and external networks of the mobile communication network; control external access to internal computer protected environment, and to determine the time to visit, competence, the types of service And quality, check the spread of internal information, avoid the outflow of confidential information, to resist external invasion and prevent the leakage of internal information purposes. This paper presents a firewall configuration in the importance of network security, explain the firewall rule set is a firewall product safety is an important measure. Key words: network security firewall configuration
我向您推荐华译网，华译网翻译公司在计算机软件论文翻译方面实力非常强，他们有几十名计算机软件论文翻译译员。有大量计算机软件论文的翻译成功案例。华译网的计算机软件论文翻译价格是非常合理的，他们的计算机软件论文翻译质量是无可挑剔的，我看过他们网站上公开的计算机软件论文翻译样稿，都非常专业，堪称典范，都可以作为教材使用。华译网的性价比最高，华译网翻译公司的价格代表国内翻译市场价格的主导水平，虽然不能说他们的翻译报价是翻译行业的标准价格，只能说是个参考价格而已，但是他们的价格制定得是合理的，分析是很中肯的。无论笔译还是口译，翻译质量是相差很大的。从笔译来说，质量主要取决于译员质量和翻译公司的分配任务水平和校对质量，口译来说翻译质量取决于译员的水平和翻译公司的挑选合格对口译员的能力。华译网的价值就至于，该公司有鉴别译员资质和水平的能力，为客户选择的译员都是有资质的译员。而且，华译网有管理翻译项目的丰富经验，能够为客户提供附加价值，使得客户在语言方面取得竞争优势。-------------中国专家翻译网是华译网翻译公司创办的翻译行业门户网站，在百度里搜索“翻译公司”“北京翻译公司”等关键词时，排第一名。华译网上有一个分专业介绍英语译员资历的栏目，专门介绍各个专业的英语译员的资历情况。在这个栏目里能查到大量具有不同专业背景和从业行业经验的英语译员简历，包括擅长英译中的译员和擅长中译英的译员，以及擅长英语口译和英语同传译员的简历，这些译员的资历都很好。另外，华译网上有大量计算机软件论文翻译成功案例、英译中样稿，以及大量英语翻译客户评价意见和表扬信，这些评价意见和表扬信都带有客户的公章或签名，写得都非常中肯。华译网的计算机软件论文翻译流程非常严格、非常科学，确保翻译出来的英文论文准确地道通顺，帮助作者顺利发表：对于中译外翻译项目，如果原文是政府公文、出版印刷文件、广告内容、网站内容、设备使用说明和企业介绍等重要的或长久性使用的资料，以及需要在外国英文学术杂志上发表的论文，华译网翻译一般建议客户委托华译网翻译进行外籍校对，确保译文更地道更符合外文表达习惯，确保客户发布或出版的内容不会有任何遗憾。为了使得中译外翻译项目既经济又准确，华译网翻译一般采取以下措施：1、初稿译员选择：每个译员都有自己擅长的领域，对于中译外项目华译网翻译一般选择擅长中译外且在项目涉及专业领域有一定造诣的译员承担。确保译文初稿与原文本意一致。2、选择外籍译员：华译网翻译招聘的外籍译员不仅擅长其自身母语的语言表达和准确应用，而且精通或基本掌握中文，中文是其第一外语或第二外语。3、原译者再审查：为了避免外籍译员在校对和润色过程中发生偏差，华译网翻译还会请初稿译员对外籍译员的校对译文进行再次核对，避免外籍译员因文化差异或理解中文不够等原因而发生矫枉过正的错误。外籍英文校对价格费用一般是每千英文单词180元到200元，具体价格根据文件单词数量和文件内容专业性强度而有所区别。学术著作与论文翻译和英语母语外籍校对是本公司的核心业务之一。
A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms（题目：二号，黑体，加粗，居中,除了英语小词外，其他单词首字母都要大写；另外：除了题目外，论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”）（学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名（小四号宋体字，加粗），依次排印在论文题目下，上空二行，居中）【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of …… （英文摘要：上空二行；题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，加粗，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用其他任何标点符号；采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗；单倍行距。）【Key Words】 idiom; comparison; English; Chinese （英文关键词：题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，加粗，两个单词的首字母要大写，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用任何其他标点符号，采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗，除了专有名词外，其他单词的首字母不大写，各单词之间用分号“；”隔开，分号之后空一格；最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号；单倍行距。）1. Introduction (顶格，除了第一个单词及专有名词外，其他单词首字母都不要大写；标题最后不用任何标点符号，上空两行)In both English and Chinese, …. So, this essay is trying to focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning, customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999). (段落第一行缩进4个英文字符；夹注的标注法：出现在夹注中的作者必须与文后的参考文献形成一一对应关系；注意一个或多个作者间的标点符号，时间、页码等的标注法；另外，汉语参考文献的作者要以拼音形式出现，不能出现汉语姓氏；夹注出现在标点符号之前)2. The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms In English, …. And it can be clearly seen in the below examples:(1) I don’t know。我不知道。 (2) I am not a poet. 我不是诗人。 (正文中的例子以（1），（2）…为序号排列，直至最后一个例子；而①, ②…则为脚注或尾注的上标序号)3. The differences between English idioms and Chinese The characteristics of English idioms（正文章节序号编制：章的编号：1. ，2.， 3.，…；节的编号：…，…；小节的编号为：, …。小节以下层次，采用希腊数字加括号为序，如（i），（ii）…；之后再采用字母加括号，如(a), (b),…;每章题目左顶格，小四号字，加粗；每节（及小节以下）题目左顶格，小四号字，不加粗但要斜体；所有章节的题目都单独一行，最后不加任何标点符号）….In conclusion, …. The characteristics of Chinese idioms….Feng (1998) found some problems as shown in the following examples (注意此句中夹注的另一种写法):(9) We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.(10) People take no thought of the value of time until they lose it.…. The analysis of the differences between English and Chinese idioms… (i) ….….(ii) ….…. 4. Conclusion….Bibliography (References) （小四号，加粗，后面不加任何标点符号） Sanved, ed. The Oxford book of American literary anecdotes[C]. New York: OUP, 1981.常亮，“关于英语的偏离否定”[J] 。《外国语文》，1993，4：44。 冯树健，“否定之否定新说”[J] 。《英语辅导》，1998，6：11。 李光陵，“不完全否定浅析” [J] 。《大学英语》，2000，30：30。 （论文最后的参考文献中所有文献的排列顺序：尾注：按照编号顺序。夹注：英文文献----网络文献----汉语文献，各个文献的先后以作者的姓氏字母或拼音为序，不用单独加序号或编号；每个参考文献的第二行起必须缩进4个英文字符；倍行距；另外，与文中的夹注一一对应；不同类型的参考文献写法请参照写作指南中附件2的内容）
翻译学论文开题报告
开题报告是提高选题质量和水平的`重要环节。下面是我为大家整理的一篇以《目的论在英汉广告翻译上的应用》为例的语言学硕士论文开题报告，供参考阅读，希望对您有所帮助。
1、选题意义和背景
The progress of economic globalization has greatly hit the social life.
Advertising has become an important way of modern marketing and has attractedmerchants and the company. As people's consciousness worldwide enhances, manyproducts and services of advertising will be translated into other languages forpromotion to explore overseas markets. Advertising, as an effective way ofdisseminating brand information, has penetrated into many aspects of social life, andit plays a bridge role in connection and communication. Since China's accession tothe WTO, its connection with the world gets even closer. More and moreinternational enterprises and product brands come into China's huge market.
Translation of products and services for overseas consumers is not only the functionof promoting consumption, but also the effect of external publicity. In the globalmarket, advertising translation not only brings an opportunity for advertising, butalso has brings the huge challenge. Therefore, mastery of both Chinese and Englishadvertising translation is particularly important.
Skopos theory is the foundation and the core theory of functionalism. Skopostheory holds that the process of the whole translation behavior is determined to thepurpose of translation action, that is, the end justifies the means. The purpose of thetranslation behavior is the core element which determines the translation process.
Advertising translation has a strong purpose. What is more important toadvertising translation is whether translation can convey the purpose of source textand achieve the anticipated target of the source text, so as to attract the attention offoreign customers to induce their consumption desire, eventually to incur purchasebehavior.
2、论文综述/研究基础
1 Advertising Translation Studies in the West.
Advertising translation was mentioned in translation studies for the first time inHurbin's (1972) article “Peut-on traduire la langue de la publicé” (Can OneTranslate the Language of Advertising?)。 At that time, linguistics was the dominanthumanistic discipline, meanwhile, linguistics made translating a code-switchingoperation. Equivalence-based linguistic approaches mainly focus on the source text.
Hurhin argued that for one source text, there are several translations, and thetranslators chose which translation is the most appropriate one. Hurbin also pointedthat if glossaries of advertising language is compiled, this was made easier. So thetranslators will be easy to find the most appropriate equivalent expressions betweenthe source and the target text.
In Candace Seguinot's (1995) article “Translation and Advertising: GoingGlobal in Cultural Functions of Translation”. The main opinion of which is thatacross cultural boundaries, there is an understanding of culture and semioticsappearing in the marketing of goods and services. It goes well beyond both languageand design.
Another representative article “Advertising: a five-stage strategy for translationin Translation” as Intercultural Communication which is edited by C. Nord et al. Thearticle is published by Smith & Klein-Braley (1997)。 In this article, they conduct acontrastive analysis of English and German advertising. Then they developedtaxonomy of strategies for the analysis of advertising translation.
Up to now, the book which maybe the only one published exclusively onadvertisement translation is Translation Practices in International Advertisingwritten by Mathieu Guidere (2001)。 This book mainly talks about various aspects ofadvertising translation in international market and mainly concerns the globaladvertising of multinational companies, because they need to translate their productsinformation into other languages. The author analyzes some examples in advertisingtranslation and he shows readers some essential problems in current translation ideas.
This book introduced the strategies of translation which are implemented by the multinational firms to break into new markets.
2 Advertising Translation Studies in China.
Domestic advertising translation studies officially started in 1990s. In terms ofresearch contents, the initial studies mainly focused on the discussion about specificadvertising translation of idioms and the existing problems in Chinese-Englishadvertising translation. That was the primary stage. Years later, advertisingtranslation principle and criteria became the research themes. People hold the viewthat, advertising translation should give attention to in many aspects, such as text,language beauty, consumer psychology. Researchers illustrated their respectivepoints of view from different angles. Since the late 90s, although the discussion oftranslation principle and criteria were still mentioned, the researchers' attention weregradually focused on translation of difficult parts in advertising, such as therhetorical devices, emotional transmission, brand image and trademark reproduction ,etc. In terms of research methods, domestic advertising translation study mainly usesthe inductive method and the case study. Nevertheless, in recent years, researchersbegin to use the theory achievements of pragmatics and other related disciplines toanalyze different kinds of problems in advertising translation, and then put forwardsome translation strategies.
As early as xx, Li Fan proposed the development of the advertising languageposed a severe challenge to advertising translation. The artful advertisings require thetranslator to break hard the tradition of the original, boldly innovate, and improve thequality of translation. There are three reasons for flexible advertising translation: 1)the purpose of advertising is to induce consumer to purchase products. Text is justmeans, so translations do not have to stick to the text equivalent; 2) the feature ofadvertising language is vivid, which is the essence of advertising language. If thetranslation is not bold to change, there will be no magic translation; 3) formulaicexpressions are common use in advertising, if not alternative, it may be translatedinto foreign stereotyped writing (黎凡 xx:29-31)。 At the same time, researchersthought in terms of some specific advertisements, flexible translation seems to be theonly way, especially in the four kinds of advertising: 1) advertising used of witty and polished words; 2) advertising used of brand name; 3) advertising used of puns; 4)advertising with strong national culture color.
In order to achieve concise expression, attract more readers' attention, facilitatereaders recognize and remember, advertising writing should follow the KISSprinciple, namely, “keep it short and sweet” (郭可 1992:57-64)。 A great number ofstudies on advertising translation are associated with concise problem. Ding Shude isdedicated to his studies. He holds that: 1) Chinese advertising often uses modifiers toemphasis, product characteristics, while English advertising is simple words, mainlywith oral type. a lot of subject-predicative phrases in Chinese can be directlytranslated into adjectives English , such as 速度快、效率高、行动灵活 can betranslated into “fast, efficient and handy”; 2) There are a large number of the fourwords in Chinese advertising structure, which bring parallelism and overlapping tostrengthen language, but there is no such characteristic in English. InChinese-English translation should hold the center, around the center word leads toall aspects; 3) there are often loose sentences, which express a large amount ofinformation in Chinese advertising. Translation should be concise and compact,strengthen the logic; 4) Chinese advertising commonly uses formulaic expressions.
Translation should be fascinating, considering the overall rhetorical, but not stackrhetoric. Good English advertising language is not many words, but it is impressive(丁树德 xx: 42-43)。 Cao Shunfa also takes a large number of examples of bothEnglish-Chinese translation two aspects show that based on the principle of simple,the translation of advertising language should strive to use the most simple languageto express the most complex meaning, to make it easy to be remembered (曹顺发xx: 43-45)。
Equivalence theory is based on Nida's equivalence translation theory. On thisbasis, some researchers point out that commercial advertising translation is mainlyon the equivalence of semantic, social and cultural, and stylistic aspect. 1) Thesemantic equivalence. This is the most basic and important equivalence. From wordto chapter, in order to achieve the semantic equivalence, the first thing to thetranslator is that he must determine the meaning of the translation unit in context.
英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文
以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考!
How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation
I. Purpose and Significance
With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.
It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.
According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.
Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.
II. Literature Review
Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.
With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.
Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.
I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.
Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.
In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.
I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.
In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.
III. Feasibility Analysis
This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:
have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.
have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .
have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in
translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.
have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.
have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.
instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.
IV. Problems of the research and solutions
1. Problems
Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.
2. Solutions
(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.
(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.
(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.
V. Necessary conditions
1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.
2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.
3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.
VI. Outline
I. Introduction
A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation
B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis
C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation
1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English
2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure
II. The Principles of Ellipsis
A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works
B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test
C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident
Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis
A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression
B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression
1. Ellipsis of Articles
a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles
2. Ellipsis of Prepositions
3. Ellipsis of Pronouns
a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns
c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns
4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions
a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions
b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions
5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric
a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words
b. Ellipsis of Synonyms
很多人都深受文献翻译时的苦恼，这个时候好的翻译软件就会事半功倍。接下来我要推荐四款很好用的翻译软件。第一个：百度翻译软件现在人们使用最多的可能就是百度的服务器，百度这些年也在努力发展别的刚需，比如百度翻译的准确率就很高，只要可以把文献的资料进行翻译，最后就可以得到比较准确的中文文献，但是很不方便的是可能你需要自己去不断的粘贴复制，在这个期间，可能会遇到格式混乱，以至于你无法快速的找到自己需要的那一句话。第二个：有道词典很多人对于有道词典都不陌生，他也是很值得依赖的翻译软件，他的准确率高，相对于百度来说他的页面会更加好看，而且他的所有句子都可以找到相对应的例句，但是唯一的缺陷就是他不可以完全的翻译所有的软件，而且对于专业术语他的翻译准确率不高。第三个：wps很多人都知道wps是可以进行文档等创作和编辑的，但是很少有人知道他的翻译软件也是很好用的，只要你在这个软件上打开文档，你就可以利用他的翻译直接翻译全文，相对于其他的软件，他最大的优势就是可以在不破坏他原有的格式的情况下，进行翻译全文。这样对于需要在较短时间内对于全文的把握更为全面的人来说，是有非常大的优势的。第四个：秒翻这个是个比较小众的软件，虽然没什么名气，但是他的功能非常有用，你可以直接将图片导入其中，他就可以进行翻译，而且不会影响到原有文档的排版，你也可以进行选择，这样就可以筛选出一些较为难的词汇，有助于后期的学习。所以在所有推荐的app中，这个虽然很小众，但是他的功能十分强大。
作为一名即将毕业并且已经拟录取为研究生的大学生，对毕业论文的准备也有一阵子了。自己尝试过很多文献翻译工具，也踩过很多雷，今天把我觉得不错的几个工具推荐给大家，希望能对各位有所帮助。
第一个就是deepl Pro。这款翻译工具口碑非常不错，可能很多人已经用过这个了，这个也是我最近用的最频繁文献翻译工具了。它支持一键翻译整个文档，而且字体、图片格式都不会发生改变，并且没有那么种严重的“机翻”的味道，翻译的更加地道。你可以随便编辑翻译之后的文档。还有一点就是，它的数据很安全，当翻译完成之后，网站会立即删除所有文本文档记录，并且会对相应链接加密。
第二个就是QuillBot。这个是可以支持帮你润色文献语句的，它可以帮你巧妙的替换掉一些不恰当的的词汇语句，把他们替换为高级的形式，这个对查重的用户还是非常有帮助的。
个人感觉第一个和第二个搭配起来非常好用，基本是可以满足大家的文献相关的学习。下面再给大家推荐三个我觉得还比较不错的工具，大家也可以试一试。
一个是scitranslate。这个翻译工具也是很不错的，它的用法很简单，但是却很实用。它最大的优点就是不会改变原文献的排版，打开之后点击一下谷歌翻译，就会成功翻译出pdf里边的内容。同时会给你提供两个类似平行世界的界面，一边是英文文献，另一边是翻译过来的中文文献翻译。你可以通过两边进行相互对照，达到更快的阅读的目的，能够更快地提高效率。
还有一个是copytranslate。这个其实也比较好用，它为用户们提供了很多种翻译的方法，当用户输入源语言时候，点击选择想翻译的另一种语言，就会立刻翻译出来。源语言包括很多种语言可以选择。同时，它里边还包括很多翻译引擎可以选择，包括百度、谷歌、搜狗等。总之用起来比较个性化，比较方便而且也很实用。但是也有它的缺点，最大的缺点就是可能时不时的出现某些翻译问题。
最后一个就是知云文献翻译。这款软件可以对照PDF直接进行翻译，对于我们不太理解的地方，可以直接选中，然后点击翻译，这款软件真的比较实用，很不错。
以上都是我自己觉得用着还比较方便的工具，大家可以按着这几个试一试，寻找一款自己用着舒服的，或者互相搭配着使用，希望能帮到大家。
英文学术文献翻译的软件有很多，罗列后分为以下三个类型：
根据泛读→精读→学习英语
第一类是需要泛读英文文献材料，就需要一个软件能够大段大段的翻译，这个时候不要求翻译的一个精准度，只要求能够大概的意思能够翻译到位，不要把专业词汇翻译成口语化的词汇就行。这一类一般常用的知云文献翻译，一篇文献它可以给你广泛性的进行翻译，可以初步的对摘要进行一个整体的了解，来判断这篇文献是不是符合要求。
第二类是精读的时候往往需要去对其中某一段的意思，做一个详细的翻译。这个时候推荐百度翻译、谷歌翻译和欧路词典结合，百度翻译能翻译出一些学术性的词汇，但是对一些你特别想要了解的词汇，还是需要借助词典来进行补充，也非常适合你平时想在iPad上面进行学习和翻译。
第三类是精读的同时还希望能够把不认识的单词都给记录下来，一般用的是一个插件Burning Vocabulary，这个插件可以在网页上把不认识的单词通过双击给你展示出来，然后你可以复制在自己的word里头，甚至可以导入到不背单词里头进行学习。
1、CNKI翻译助手
CNKI翻译助手是“中国知网”开发的大型在线辅助翻译系统，词汇、句子均可进行翻译检索。系统对翻译请求中的每个词给出准确翻译和解释，同时给出大量与翻译请求在结构上相似、内容上相关的例句。120余万常用词汇、专业词汇、词条以及1000余万例句，形成海量中英在线词典和双语平行语料库。内容涵盖自然、社会科学的各个领域。
2、Google语言工具
Google语言工具界面更友好。不仅支持中文与英文互译，也可以直接与英、法、德、等大语种或捷克、朝鲜语等小语种进行语无伦次的互译。可自动检测语言。在进行翻译时可选择·检测语言·的选项，Google会自动猜测语言的种类，省却很多麻烦。总得来说google的翻译功能很强大。
3、微软WindowsLive在线翻译
这是软件专门用于提供翻译服务的网站，微软的翻译还是相当准确的，每次最多翻译500字，同时也提供网站全站翻译，支持多种语言。
4、海词在线词典
海词在线词典由在美国印第安纳大学的中国留学生范剑淼创建。正式使用于2003年11月27日（美国的感恩节）。词汇主要由计算机生成，准确性相对爱词霸弱，但是它提供了大量例句并且有发音，可以帮助矫正发音问题。海词也提供了大量的小工具，你可以把它们添加到你的博客或者个人网站上来增加更多丰富多彩的功能。
5、百度词典
百度词典的释义来自译典通，并且没有太大改进，无拼写提示无发音，基本上没有什么特点。类似于Handbook一类的工具书。
先到百度文库，找一篇此类文档中文的，然后用有道翻译，或是谷歌在线翻译翻成英文，然后把英文放上面，中文放下面。希望可以帮到你。如果要找标准的PDF格式外文文献，可以在谷歌，用英文文献名+空格+PDF 这样比较容易找到。第一是Google搜索，主要是英文，尤其是其学术搜索，意义大。第二，通过各大学图书馆系统，进入几个主流的出版发行集团。第三，利用网络免费储存、电子书系统。尤其是国外多。1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文：（1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容：a.提出-论点；b.分析问题-论据和论证；c.解决问题-论证与步骤；d.结论。6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是：（1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。（2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。一，选题要新颖。这次我的论文的成功，和高分，得到导师的赞许，都是因为我论文的选题新颖所给我带来的好处。最好涉及护理新领域，以及新进展，这样会给人耳目一新的感觉。二，大量文献做基础仔细查阅和你论文题目和研究范围相关的文献，大量的文献查阅会你的论文写作铺垫，借鉴别人的思路，和好的语言。而且在写作过程不会觉得语言平乏，当然也要自己一定的语言功底做基矗三，一气呵成做好充分的准备，不要每天写一些，每天改一些，这样会打断自己的思路，影响文章的连贯。四，尽量采用多的专业术语可能口语化的表达会给人带来亲切感，但论文是比较专业的形式，是有可能做为文献来查阅和检索的，所以论文语言的专业化，术语化会提升自己论文的水平。五，用正规格式书写参考正规的论文文献，论文格式。不要因为格式问题，而影响到你论文的质量。六，最好在计算机上完成写作过程如果有条件最好利用电脑来完成写作过程，好处以下几点：1，节省时间，无论打字的速度慢到什么程度，肯定要比手写的快。2，方便，大量的文献放在手边，一个一个查阅是很不方便的，文献都是用数据库编辑，所以都是在电脑上完成。提前先在电脑上摘要出重点，写出提纲，随时翻阅，方便写作。3，修改编辑，在电脑随时对文章进行修改编辑都是非常的方便。4，随时存档，写一段，存一段，防止突然停电，或者电脑当机。本人就是吃了这个大亏，一个晚上的劳动，差点就全没了，幸亏男友是电脑高手，帮我找回。否则就恨着电脑，哭死算了。七，成稿打印好交给导师无论你的字写的多么优美，还是按照惯例来，打印出的文字显的正规，而且交流不存在任何的问题，不会让导师因为看不懂你的龙飞凤舞，而低估你的论文。而且干净整洁，女孩子不仅注意自己的形象问题，书面的东西也反映你的修养和气质。八，听取导师意见，仔细修改导师会给你一些关于你论文建设性的意见，仔细参考，认真修改。毕竟导师是发表过多篇论文，有颇多的经验。
Citations Database
提供美国能源部的科技信息摘要。学科范围：材料科学、环境科学、计算机、能源和物理。文献类型包括期刊论文、学位论文、研究报告和专利。
12.网上免费全文期刊FullText
提供7000多种学术期刊的免费全文获取。
J-Gate 开放获取期刊门户
提供基于开放获取的近 4000 种期刊的免费检索和全文链接，包含学校、研究机构和行业期刊，其中超过 1500 种学术期刊经同行评议( Peer-Reviewed )
(PubMed Centeral)
美国NCBI(美国国家生物技术信息中心)建立的数字化生命科学期刊文献集，S现提供50余种生物医学期刊免费全文 。
(Directory of Open Access Journals)
免费的全文科技学术期刊。现有2752种期刊，其中830种可以全文搜索。目前有140307篇文章。
Press
斯坦福大学图书馆的分支机构——HighWire出版社，拥有最大的免费期刊数据库，可以在线提供916种免费期刊和1，149，216篇全文 。
of Tennessee, Knoxville
田纳西大学的经济学杂志，包括2000年至2002年三年共12期的免费期刊。
Electronic Library of Mathematics
欧洲数学会电子图书馆，提供了期刊、会议、论文集、专著、演讲、软件等资源。并提供期刊和电子版图书的全文浏览。非电子版图书提供前言、摘要、目录和书评等内容。特别地，在经典著作栏目内，目前可检索到哈密尔顿和黎曼的经典论文的全文。
美国“科学”网站收录内容以研究与开发报告为主，所有的信息均免费使用，也不必注册，但是通过这些站点链接的有些信息是限制使用或有条件使用的。
教育资源信息中心
美国教育部资助的网站系列和世界上最大的教育资源数据库，其中包括各种文档以及教育研究与实践方面的论文摘要，这些摘要超过了一百万篇，收录980多种教育及和教育相关的期刊文献的题录和文摘。部分资源可查找到全文
以上就是环球青藤小编关于外文文献翻译的几个查找领域的相关分享，希望对各位小伙伴们有所帮助，想要了解更多毕业论文相关内容，请关注本平台，小编会做及时的整理并发布的，大家注意查看哦!
外文翻译要求：（1）选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。（2）选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。（3）外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。
为了综合评价学生的能力，毕业设计时有个文献翻译的任务，具体是学生自己找一篇与自己的毕业论文相关的英文文献（作者以英语为母语），并翻译成汉语，字数有要求，看学校的规定了。