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ICCES是一个国际学术会议，全称为International Conference on Computer Engineering and Communication Systems。它每年都会在不同的国家举办，旨在为计算机工程和通信系统领域的研究者、工程师和学者提供交流平台。ICCES通常由IEEE（Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers）或ACM（Association for Computing Machinery）等知名学术组织支持，并且收录在他们的文献数据库中。虽然ICCES不同于期刊，但它也是一个重要的学术交流平台，在相关领域具有一定的影响力。参加ICCES会议可以向同行展示自己的研究成果，与其他学者交流讨论，了解最新的研究动态和趋势，这对于研究者来说都是非常有益的。ICCES会议主要涵盖的研究领域包括但不限于：- 计算机工程- 通信系统和网络- 数据库技术- 信息安全- 网络与信息管理关于ICCES是否属于核心期刊，本身并没有“核心期刊”的概念。不过，我们可以通过查询其被各大学术搜索引擎检索次数、被引用次数等指标来评价其影响力。同时，我们还需要结合自己的研究方向和需求，选择适合自己的学术会议和期刊。
ICCES会议是一个国际性的学术会议，每年举办一次，涵盖计算机工程和通信系统领域多个相关研究方向。虽然ICCES在该领域有一定的学术地位和影响力，但它不是一个期刊，不能算作核心期刊或其他期刊等级。它通过出版会议论文集来传播研究成果和学术思想。
ccer是北京大学中国经济研究中心。
北京大学中国经济研究中心创办于1994年8月，2004年当选为“教育部人文社会科学百所重点基地”。中心的建立是北京大学进行教学和科研体制改革的一种新探索，也是吸引海外留学人员回国服务的一种开创性尝试。
北京大学国家发展研究院是在北京大学中国经济研究中心基础上新组建的科研教学机构，通过这一个开放的、跨学科的、多专业视角的平台，完成更高水平的综合性知识集结。北京大学中国经济研究中心将作为国家发展研究院的一个机构继续存在。
北京大学中国经济研究中心的教学研究：
在研究方面，中心专职研究人员根据个人学术专长和兴趣对经济管理理论和我国经济改革与发展中各个领域的主要问题进行研究，撰写了一系列报告。
在国际国内一流学术期刊发表论文和出版专著。中心还接受政府部门、国际组织以及企业的委托，对我国当前改革和发展中的热点难点问题进行专题研究。
在学术交流方面，除参加各种国内外学术会议外，中心经常邀请国内外著名学者、政要、企业家等来中心讲学和访问。
定期举办“经济理论与政策研究”、“金融论坛”、“BiMBA讲座”等系列讲座；不定期主办或与国内外其它机构合办国际性学术会议，以加强学术交流和提高研究水平或对国内外重大政策问题进行讨论。
以上内容参考 百度百科—ccer
ICCES国际会议是一个国际性的学术会议，主要涉及计算机工程和科学领域。它不是一个期刊，因此不能被归类为核心期刊或其他等级。ICCES国际会议的等级通常是根据其影响力和学术质量来评估的，但具体评估标准可能因不同领域而异。需要注意的是，参加ICCES国际会议并发表论文并不一定意味着该论文具有高质量或高影响力。
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1。首先决定投那份SCI刊物。作者一般在撰写论文时就已经做出决定。主要决策依据应是主题内容合适，学术声誉好，读者多等。当然也要看自己成果的大小，论文的质量而定。勿一稿两投。论文完成后，要按照每份刊物的投稿要求投稿。一般的投稿清单包括：投稿信足够的稿件数所有图表齐全以及其它要求的材料将上述内容打包邮寄，或通过电子网络按要求投递稿件。2。论文投出后，一般刊物编辑部会给投稿作者发送收到稿件通知。如果编辑觉得论文题材不适合所投刊物，会回信退稿。否则，作者就进入等待期。收到稿件后，编辑挑选2－3名同行对论文进行评审。论文评审是对作者采用匿名形式。评审者不是专职，是自愿花时间评阅论文（并无评审费）。由于评阅人一般是已经在本领域建立了地位，比较忙，因此往往需要花较长时间。投稿者应对此予以理解。另外，由于评阅人较忙或其它原因，有的评审意见不一定贴切。是值得商榷的。编辑在审稿过程中是仲裁和最后决策者。审稿期间，作者一般应耐心等待。除按收稿通知建议时间与编辑联系外，一般应给评审4－6个月时间。若仍无消息，可以与编辑联系催促一下。3。论文评审的分一般内容和专业内容两部分。一般评审内容包括：稿件是否适合所投刊物若发表此文读者面会有多大是否有现势性－即是否需要尽快发表论文的理论、方法、和数据等是否有创新性论文有无重大缺陷（理论、方法、实验结果等）论文结果是否重要（若设立奖励的刊物会征求是否建议奖励）论文可读性如何长短是否合适－与论文重要性是否平衡图表是否必须，质量如何有没有忽略重要前人工作专业内容是评审者对论文中不正确或存有疑问的内容、表述方法、写作缺陷等提出批评。没有具体形式。4。审稿结束，作者迟早会收到稿件评审意见和编辑的仲裁结果。一般有四种情况：接收修改后可接收 可以修改后再投拒绝对第一种情况，作者会收到投递最终稿的指南。现在，一般需要提供数字文件，按要求提供图表。对第二种情况，应按照评审意见修改论文。提出拒绝修改某些部分的理由。将修改部分单独写成报告提供给编辑。一般来说编辑比评审者更具同情心。因此，一般可以期望收到象第一种情况那样的论文接收信。对第三种情况，看看评审意见，这种决定一般是由于论文需要补充材料，编辑希望继续修改提高。不要轻易放弃。修改后被接收的机会还是很大。对于高质量的杂志，多数论文第一次投稿时都会被按这种情况退回来。作者应根据评审意见认真修改。当然也可以提出对某些部分不修改的理由。若得到最后一种情况的答复，应根据评审意见修改文稿，然后投往其它刊物。国外刊物的拒稿率高低不等，一般专业刊物拒稿率在30％以上。不妨投到拒稿率低些或引用率低些的刊物上。5。论文被接收后。按照提供印刷稿件要求投稿后。下一个回合就是收到印刷编辑寄回的校样。校样一般需要尽快寄还给印刷编辑。寄校样时，出版商会要求填写版权转让书（Transfer of Copy Right）,并告知支付版面费的办法和订购单行本的方法。许多刊物不收版面费，但对特殊印刷（如彩版印刷）收费。有的对超过定额免费页数的页面按页收费。不少收版面费的刊物费用都挺高。如Journal of Geophysical Research, IEEE Transactions的系列刊物收费可以高达数千mei元。必须有所准备。版面费一般可以用信用卡支付。对校样要认真细读，特别注意公式和图表。 参考资料：脚丫代写论文
国际会议论文，先写个标题，再写个摘要，还要挑选关键词。下面写前方，实验，最后归纳实验数据。结尾要感谢提供帮助的人，最后列出参考文献。
如何发表sci论文？这是许多研究者关注的内容。目前，发表sci论文可以给国内作者带来很大的优势。然而，在国际期刊上发表论文是有难度的。发表sci论文都需要掌握一定的技巧。充分的准备才能使论文更顺利地发表，首先需要一篇高质量的论文。这也要求作者阅读大量的英语文学作品，并具有较高的英语水平。如果英文水平不够，你可以先用中文写论文，然后找专业机构翻译成英文，他们也会对论文进行润色，使论文达到投稿的水平。国际sci论文审稿人是不习惯中国式英语的，很多国内作者投稿也是因为语言问题而被拒稿，想要避免这种情况就需要早做准备。论文写好后都会寻找相关的sci刊物投稿，大家阅读相关文献时也会知道一些与自己研究领域相关的sci刊物，掌握其影响因子及相关期刊的名称非常重要。小编建议先发一些比较高质量的期刊论文，如果能被送审，得到一些修改意见，即使被拒，也可以发表一些影响因子较低的期刊。选好期刊后根据“Instructions for Authors”，修改自己文章的格式。虽然比较繁琐的事情，却也能修改格式。比如说：文章标题、作者、通讯方式。对于参考文献也有不同的安排方式。总体来说想要发表sci论文并不容易，建议各位国内作者尽早的咨询专业老师，结合你的论文内容投稿相符合的杂志期刊，这样往往通过率会高一些。
论文写作的要求下面按论文的结构顺序依次叙述。(一)论文——题目科学论文都有题目，不能“无题”。论文题目一般20字左右。题目大小应与内容符合，尽量不设副题，不用第1报、第2报之类。论文题目都用直叙口气，不用惊叹号或问号，也不能将科学论文题目写成广告语或新闻报道用语。(二)论文——署名科学论文应该署真名和真实的工作单位。主要体现责任、成果归属并便于后人追踪研究。严格意义上的论文作者是指对选题、论证、查阅文献、方案设计、建立方法、实验操作、整理资料、归纳总结、撰写成文等全过程负责的人，应该是能解答论文的有关问题者。现在往往把参加工作的人全部列上，那就应该以贡献大小依次排列。论文署名应征得本人同意。学术指导人根据实际情况既可以列为论文作者，也可以一般致谢。行政领导人一般不署名。(三)论文——引言 是论文引人入胜之言，很重要，要写好。一段好的论文引言常能使读者明白你这份工作的发展历程和在这一研究方向中的位置。要写出论文立题依据、基础、背景、研究目的。要复习必要的文献、写明问题的发展。文字要简练。(四)论文——材料和方法 按规定如实写出实验对象、器材、动物和试剂及其规格，写出实验方法、指标、判断标准等，写出实验设计、分组、统计方法等。这些按杂志 对论文投稿规定办即可。(五)论文——实验结果 应高度归纳，精心分析，合乎逻辑地铺述。应该去粗取精，去伪存真，但不能因不符合自己的意图而主观取舍，更不能弄虚作假。只有在技术不熟练或仪器不稳定时期所得的数据、在技术故障或操作错误时所得的数据和不符合实验条件时所得的数据才能废弃不用。而且必须在发现问题当时就在原始记录上注明原因，不能在总结处理时因不合常态而任意剔除。废弃这类数据时应将在同样条件下、同一时期的实验数据一并废弃，不能只废弃不合己意者。实验结果的整理应紧扣主题，删繁就简，有些数据不一定适合于这一篇论文，可留作它用，不要硬行拼凑到一篇论文中。论文行文应尽量采用专业术语。能用表的不要用图，可以不用图表的最好不要用图表，以免多占篇幅，增加排版困难。文、表、图互不重复。实验中的偶然现象和意外变故等特殊情况应作必要的交代，不要随意丢弃。(六)论文——讨论 是论文中比较重要，也是比较难写的一部分。应统观全局，抓住主要的有争议问题，从感性认识提高到理性认识进行论说。要对实验结果作出分析、推理，而不要重复叙述实验结果。应着重对国内外相关文献中的结果与观点作出讨论，表明自己的观点，尤其不应回避相对立的观点。 论文的讨论中可以提出假设，提出本题的发展设想，但分寸应该恰当，不能写成“科幻”或“畅想”。(七)论文——结语或结论 论文的结语应写出明确可靠的结果，写出确凿的结论。论文的文字应简洁，可逐条写出。不要用“小结”之类含糊其辞的词。(八)论文——参考义献 这是论文中很重要、也是存在问题较多的一部分。列出论文参考文献的目的是让读者了解论文研究命题的来龙去脉，便于查找，同时也是尊重前人劳动，对自己的工作有准确的定位。因此这里既有技术问题，也有科学道德问题。一篇论文中几乎自始至终都有需要引用参考文献之处。如论文引言中应引上对本题最重要、最直接有关的文献;在方法中应引上所采用或借鉴的方法；在结果中有时要引上与文献对比的资料；在讨论中更应引上与 论文有关的各种支持的或有矛盾的结果或观点等。一切粗心大意，不查文献；故意不引，自鸣创新；贬低别人，抬高自己；避重就轻，故作姿态的做法都是错误的。而这种现象现在在很多论文中还是时有所见的，这应该看成是利研工作者的大忌。其中，不查文献、漏掉重要文献、故意不引别人文献或有意贬损别人工作等错误是比较明显、容易发现的。有些做法则比较隐蔽，如将该引在引言中的，把它引到讨论中。这就将原本是你论文的基础或先导，放到和你论文平起平坐的位置。又如 科研工作总是逐渐深人发展的，你的工作总是在前人工作基石出上发展起来做成的。正确的写法应是，某年某人对本题做出了什么结果，某年某人在这基础上又做出了什么结果，现在我在他们基础上完成了这一研究。这是实事求是的态度，这样表述丝毫无损于你的贡献。有些论文作者却不这样表述，而是说，某年某人做过本题没有做成，某年某人又做过本题仍没有做成，现在我做成了。这就不是实事求是的态度。这样有时可以糊弄一些不明真相的外行人，但只需内行人一戳，纸老虎就破，结果弄巧成拙，丧失信誉。这种现象在现实生活中还是不少见的。(九)论文——致谢 论文的指导者、技术协助者、提供特殊试剂或器材者、经费资助者和提出过重要建议者都属于致谢对象。论文致谢应该是真诚的、实在的，不要庸俗化。不要泛泛地致谢、不要只谢教授不谢旁人。写论文致谢前应征得被致谢者的同意，不能拉大旗作虎皮。(十)论文——摘要或提要：以200字左右简要地概括论文全文。常放篇首。论文摘要需精心撰写，有吸引力。要让读者看了论文摘要就像看到了论文的缩影，或者看了论文摘要就想继续看论文的有关部分。此外，还应给出几个关键词，关键词应写出真正关键的学术词汇，不要硬凑一般性用词。
产业升级相关外文文baidu.com/=http://www.jiaoyuda.com：BAIR, J., and GEREFFI, G. (1998) Interfirm networks and regional divisions of labor: Employment and upgrading in the apparel commodity chain, paper presented at Conference on GlobalProduction and Local Jobs, ILO, Geneva, March.BAZAN, L., and NAVAS-ALEMAN, L. (2001) The underground revolution in the Sinos Valley - acomparison of global and national value chains, paper presented at Workshop on LocalUpgrading in Global Chains, Brighton, Institute of Development Studies, February.www.ids.ac.uk/ids/global/vw.htmlBELL, M. (1984) Learning and the accumulation of industrial technological capability in developing countries, in FRANSMAN, M. and KING, K. (Eds), Technological capability in the thirdworld, pp. 187-209. Macmillan, London.BRACZYK, H.-J., COOKE, P., and HEIDENREICH, M. (eds.) (1998) Regional innovationsystems. UCL Press, London.BRUSCO, S. (1990) The idea of the industrial district: Its genesis, in PYKE, F., BECATTINI, G., and SENGENBERGER, W. (Eds), Industrial districts and inter-firm cooperation in Italy, pp.10-19. International Institute for Labour Studies, ILO, Geneva.BRUSCO, S. (1996) Global systems and local systems, in COSSENTINO, F., PYKE, F., andSENGENBERGER, W. (Eds), Local and regional response to global pressure: The case ofItaly and its industrial districts, pp. 147-58. International Institute for Labour Studies,Geneva.CASSIOLATO, J., and LASTRES, H. (2000) Local systems of innovation in Mercosur countries,Industry and Innovation 7 (1) , 33-53.COOKE, P., and MORGAN, K. (1998) The associational economy: Firms, regions andinnovation. Oxford University Press, Oxford.COSSENTINO, F., PYKE, F., and SENGENBERGER, W. (eds.) (1996) Local and regionalresponse to global pressure: The case of Italy and its industrial districts. InternationalInstitute for Labour Studies, Geneva.DOEL, C. (1996) Marketing development and organisational change: The case of the food industry, in WRIGLEY, N. and LOWE, M. (Eds), Retailing, consumption and capital: Towards thenew retail geography, pp. 48-67. Longman, Harlow.DOLAN, C., and HUMPHREY, J. (2000) Governance and trade in fresh vegetables: The impact of UK supermarkets on the African horticulture industry, Journal of Development Studies 37(2), 147-76.DOLAN, C., and HUMPHREY, J. (2001) Changing governance patterns in the trade in freshvegetables between Africa and the United Kingdom, Paper submitted to the InternationalFood and Agricultural Management Review, Institute of Development Studies, Brighton.EDQUIST, C. (1997) Systems of innovation: Technologies, institutions and organizations. Pinter,London and Washington.FREEMAN, C. (1995) The national system of innovation in historical perspective, CambridgeJournal of Economics 19 (1), 5-24.GEREFFI, G. (1994) The organisation of buyer-driven global commodity chains: How U.S. Retailersshape overseas production networks, in GEREFFI, G. and KORZENIEWICZ, M. (Eds),Commodity chains and global capitalism, pp. 95-122. Praeger, Westport.GEREFFI, G. (1999) International trade and industrial upgrading in the apparel commodity chain,Journal of International Economics 48 (1), 37-70.GEREFFI, G., and KAPLINSKY, R. (eds) (2001) The value of value chains, IDS Bulletin 32 (3)(special issue)GEREFFI, G., and KORZENIEWICZ, M. (eds.) (1994) Commodity chains and global capitalism.Praeger, Westport.GIBBON, P. (2001) At the cutting edge: UK clothing retailers and global sourcing, CDR WorkingPaper No. 01.4, Centre for Development Research, Copenhagen.HOBDAY, M. (1995) Innovation in East Asia: The challenge to Japan. Edward Elgar,Cheltenham.15HUMPHREY, J., and SCHMITZ, H. (2000) Governance and upgrading: Linking industrial cluster and global value chain research, IDS Working Paper No. 120, Institute of DevelopmentStudies, University of Sussex, Brighton.JONES, C., HESTERLY, W., and BORGATTI, S. (1997) A general theory of network governance: Exchange conditions and social mechanisms, Academy of Management Review 22 4, 911-45.KAPLINSKY, R. (2000) Globalisation and unequalisation: What can be learned from value chain analysis?, Journal of Development Studies 37 (2), 117-46.KEESING, D., and LALL, S. (1992) Marketing manufactured exports from developing countries:Learning sequences and public support, in HELLEINER, G. (Ed.) Trade policy,industrialisation and development, pp. 176-93. Oxford University Press, Oxford.KISHIMOTO, C. (2002) The Taiwanese personal computer clusters: Trajectory of its production and knowledge systems, DPhil Thesis, Institute of Development Studies, University of SussexKRUGMAN, P. (1995) Development, geography and economic theory. MIT Press, Cambridge,MA.LALL, S. (1991) Marketing barriers facing developing country manufactured exporters: A conceptual note, Journal of Development Studies 27 (4), 137-50.LEE, J.-R., and CHEN, J.-S. (2000) Dynamic synergy creation with multiple business activities:Toward a competence-based growth model for contract manufacturers, in SANCHEZ, R. andHEENE, A. (Eds), Theory development for competence-based management, advances inapplied business strategy, pp. 209-28. JAI Press, Stanford, CT.LUNDVALL, B.-A. (1993) Explaining interfirm cooperation and innovation: Limits of thetransaction-cost approach, in GRABHER, G. (Ed.) The embedded firm - on the socio-economics of industrial networks, pp. 52-64. Routledge, London.MAILLAT, D. (1996) From the industrial district to the analyses of territorialized productiveorganisations, Working Paper No. 9606b, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Regionales,Université de Neuchâtel,MARKUSEN, A. (1996) Sticky places in slippery space: A typology of industrial districts, Economic Geography 72, 293-313.MASKELL, P., and MALMBERG, A. (1999) Localised learning and industrial competitiveness,Cambridge Journal of Economics 23 (2), 167-85.MORRIS, M. (2001) Creating value-chain cooperation, IDS Bulletin 32 (3), 127-36.NADVI, K. (1999) The cutting edge: Collective efficiency and international competitiveness inPakistan, Oxford Development Studies 27 (1), 81-107.NADVI, K., and SCHMITZ, H. (1999) Industrial clusters in developing countries, WorldDevelopment 27 (9) (Special issue)PALPACUER, F. (2000) Competence-based strategies and global production networks: A discussionof current changes and their implications for employment, Competition and Change 4, 353-400.PIORE, M., and RUIZ DURÁN, C. (1998) Industrial development as a learning process: Mexican manufacturing and the opening to trade, in KAGAMI, M., HUMPHREY, J., and PIORE, M.(Eds), Learning, liberalisation and economic adjustment, pp. 191-241. Institute ofDeveloping Economies, Tokyo.PORTER, M. (1990) The competitive advantage of nations. Macmillan, London.PORTER, M. (1998) Clusters and the new economics of competition, Harvard Business Review, 77-90.POWELL, W. (1990) Neither market nor hierarchy: Network forms of organisation, Research inOrganizational Behaviour 12, 295-336.PYKE, F. (1992) Industrial development through small-firm cooperation. International Institutefor Labour Studies, ILO, Geneva.PYKE, F., BECATTINI, G., and SENGENBERGER, W. (eds.) (1990) Industrial districts andinter-firm cooperation in Italy. International Institute for Labour Studies, ILO, Geneva.PYKE, F., and SENGENBERGER, W. (eds.) (1992) Industrial districts and local economicregeneration. International Institute for Labour Studies, ILO, Geneva.16RABELLOTTI, R. (1997) External economies and cooperation in industrial districts. Acomparison of Italy and Mexico. Macmillan, London.RABELLOTTI, R. (2001) The effect of globalisation on industrial districts in Italy: The case ofBrenta, IDS Working Paper 144, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex.REARDON, T., CODRON, J.-M., BUSCH, L., BINGEN, J., and HARRIS, C. (2001) Global change in agrifood grades and standards: Agribusiness strategic responses in developing countries,International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 2.RICHARDSON, G. (1972) The organisation of industry, The Economic Journal 82, 883-96.SCHMITZ, H. (1995a) Collective efficiency: Growth path for small-scale industry, Journal ofDevelopment Studies 31 (4), 529-66.SCHMITZ, H. (1995b) Small shoemakers and Fordist giants: Tale of a supercluster, WorldDevelopment 23 (1), 9-28.SCHMITZ, H. (1999) Global competition and local co-operation: Success and failure in the SinosValley, Brazil, World Development 27 (9), 1627-50.SCHMITZ, H., and KNORRINGA, P. (2000) Learning from global buyers, Journal of Development Studies 37 (2), 177-205.SCOTT, A.J. (1996) Regional motors of the global economy, Futures 28, 391-411.STORPER, M. (1995) The resurgence of regional economies, ten years later, European Urban and Regional Studies 2, 191-221.STURGEON, T., and LEE, J.-R. (2001) Industry co-evolution and the rise of a shared supply-base for electronics manufacturing, paper presented at Nelson and Winter Conference, Aalborg, June.WILLIAMSON, O.E. (1979) Transaction-cost economics: The governance of contractual relations,Journal of Law and Economics 22, 233-61.WILLIAMSON, O.E. (1975) Markets and hierarchies. Free Press, New York. 参考资料：baidu.com/=
产业升级相关外文文baidu.com/=http://www.jiaoyuda.com：BAIR, J., and GEREFFI, G. (1998) Interfirm networks and regional divisions of labor: Employment and upgrading in the apparel commodity chain, paper presented at Conference on GlobalProduction and Local Jobs, ILO, Geneva, March.BAZAN, L., and NAVAS-ALEMAN, L. (2001) The underground revolution in the Sinos Valley - acomparison of global and national value chains, paper presented at Workshop on LocalUpgrading in Global Chains, Brighton, Institute of Development Studies, February.www.ids.ac.uk/ids/global/vw.htmlBELL, M. (1984) Learning and the accumulation of industrial technological capability in developing countries, in FRANSMAN, M. and KING, K. (Eds), Technological capability in the thirdworld, pp. 187-209. Macmillan, London.BRACZYK, H.-J., COOKE, P., and HEIDENREICH, M. (eds.) (1998) Regional innovationsystems. UCL Press, London.BRUSCO, S. (1990) The idea of the industrial district: Its genesis, in PYKE, F., BECATTINI, G., and SENGENBERGER, W. (Eds), Industrial districts and inter-firm cooperation in Italy, pp.10-19. International Institute for Labour Studies, ILO, Geneva.BRUSCO, S. (1996) Global systems and local systems, in COSSENTINO, F., PYKE, F., andSENGENBERGER, W. (Eds), Local and regional response to global pressure: The case ofItaly and its industrial districts, pp. 147-58. International Institute for Labour Studies,Geneva.CASSIOLATO, J., and LASTRES, H. (2000) Local systems of innovation in Mercosur countries,Industry and Innovation 7 (1) , 33-53.COOKE, P., and MORGAN, K. (1998) The associational economy: Firms, regions andinnovation. Oxford University Press, Oxford.COSSENTINO, F., PYKE, F., and SENGENBERGER, W. (eds.) (1996) Local and regionalresponse to global pressure: The case of Italy and its industrial districts. InternationalInstitute for Labour Studies, Geneva.DOEL, C. (1996) Marketing development and organisational change: The case of the food industry, in WRIGLEY, N. and LOWE, M. (Eds), Retailing, consumption and capital: Towards thenew retail geography, pp. 48-67. Longman, Harlow.DOLAN, C., and HUMPHREY, J. (2000) Governance and trade in fresh vegetables: The impact of UK supermarkets on the African horticulture industry, Journal of Development Studies 37(2), 147-76.DOLAN, C., and HUMPHREY, J. (2001) Changing governance patterns in the trade in freshvegetables between Africa and the United Kingdom, Paper submitted to the InternationalFood and Agricultural Management Review, Institute of Development Studies, Brighton.EDQUIST, C. (1997) Systems of innovation: Technologies, institutions and organizations. Pinter,London and Washington.FREEMAN, C. (1995) The national system of innovation in historical perspective, CambridgeJournal of Economics 19 (1), 5-24.GEREFFI, G. (1994) The organisation of buyer-driven global commodity chains: How U.S. Retailersshape overseas production networks, in GEREFFI, G. and KORZENIEWICZ, M. (Eds),Commodity chains and global capitalism, pp. 95-122. Praeger, Westport.GEREFFI, G. (1999) International trade and industrial upgrading in the apparel commodity chain,Journal of International Economics 48 (1), 37-70.GEREFFI, G., and KAPLINSKY, R. (eds) (2001) The value of value chains, IDS Bulletin 32 (3)(special issue)GEREFFI, G., and KORZENIEWICZ, M. (eds.) (1994) Commodity chains and global capitalism.Praeger, Westport.GIBBON, P. (2001) At the cutting edge: UK clothing retailers and global sourcing, CDR WorkingPaper No. 01.4, Centre for Development Research, Copenhagen.HOBDAY, M. (1995) Innovation in East Asia: The challenge to Japan. Edward Elgar,Cheltenham.15HUMPHREY, J., and SCHMITZ, H. (2000) Governance and upgrading: Linking industrial cluster and global value chain research, IDS Working Paper No. 120, Institute of DevelopmentStudies, University of Sussex, Brighton.JONES, C., HESTERLY, W., and BORGATTI, S. (1997) A general theory of network governance: Exchange conditions and social mechanisms, Academy of Management Review 22 4, 911-45.KAPLINSKY, R. (2000) Globalisation and unequalisation: What can be learned from value chain analysis?, Journal of Development Studies 37 (2), 117-46.KEESING, D., and LALL, S. (1992) Marketing manufactured exports from developing countries:Learning sequences and public support, in HELLEINER, G. (Ed.) Trade policy,industrialisation and development, pp. 176-93. Oxford University Press, Oxford.KISHIMOTO, C. (2002) The Taiwanese personal computer clusters: Trajectory of its production and knowledge systems, DPhil Thesis, Institute of Development Studies, University of SussexKRUGMAN, P. (1995) Development, geography and economic theory. MIT Press, Cambridge,MA.LALL, S. (1991) Marketing barriers facing developing country manufactured exporters: A conceptual note, Journal of Development Studies 27 (4), 137-50.LEE, J.-R., and CHEN, J.-S. (2000) Dynamic synergy creation with multiple business activities:Toward a competence-based growth model for contract manufacturers, in SANCHEZ, R. andHEENE, A. (Eds), Theory development for competence-based management, advances inapplied business strategy, pp. 209-28. JAI Press, Stanford, CT.LUNDVALL, B.-A. (1993) Explaining interfirm cooperation and innovation: Limits of thetransaction-cost approach, in GRABHER, G. (Ed.) The embedded firm - on the socio-economics of industrial networks, pp. 52-64. Routledge, London.MAILLAT, D. (1996) From the industrial district to the analyses of territorialized productiveorganisations, Working Paper No. 9606b, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Regionales,Université de Neuchâtel,MARKUSEN, A. 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