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论文（Paper）或：dissertation（论文）或：thesis（论文）经常说的：）~English dissertation(英语论文)Graduation thesis(毕业论文)
1、on account of… 因为…，由于… 2、account for… 说明…的原因 3、on the basis of… 根据…，在…的基础上 4、in any case无论如何，总之 5、in case of… 假使…，万一… 6、in no case决不 7、make sense讲得通，有意义 8、a great/good deal of大量（修饰不可数名词） 9、influence on影响 10、reply to…回答…，答复… 11、once upon a time从前 12、once in a while偶尔，有时 13、refer to…参考…，查阅…，涉及…，提到… 14、depend on…取决于… 15、devote to… 奉献…，致力于… 16、insist on…坚持… 17、look forward to… 盼望…，期待… 18、have something to do with…和…有点关系 19、have nothing to do with…和…毫无关系 20、be fed up with…对…感到厌烦 21、in detail详细地说 22、be accustomed to习惯于 23、be aware of…意识到… 24、be characterized by…以…为特征 25、be composed of…由…组成 26、be concerned about…关心…，挂念… 27、be determined to do something决心做… 28、be equal to…等于… 29、be identified as…被认为是… 30、be satisfied with对……满意，满足于… 31、as far as somebody be concerned 就...而言 32、as to… 至于…,关于… 33、be beneficial to… 有利于…，有益于… 34、adapt oneself to…=adjust oneself to…使自己适应于… 35、attribute…to…把…归因于…，认为…是…的结果 36、concentrate on…集中注意力于… 37、on the contrary与之相反 38、in detail详细地 39、deprive somebody of something剥夺某人某物 40、in essence本质上 41、inform somebody of something通知某人某事 42、major in主修… 43、in favor of… 有利于…，赞成…，支持… 44、in consequence因此，结果 45、in conclusion最后，总之 早检测论文查重系统我祝大家顺利通过~~~
翻译：...havepublishedsomepapersinthejournal【详释】在期刊上：inthejournal，地点状语放在句尾发表了：havepublished，谓语动词，根据语境用了现在进行时论文：（some）papers，宾语，英语语言习惯加上some，也可以用apaper表示单一的论文。
thesis 论文 (一本， 如硕士，博士论文)。paper 文章(发表在杂志上的一篇 一篇的) ÄÕÂ
第一篇Hi,I’m xxx. I'm 13 years old and I study in xxx Middle School. My school is ...Every morning I get up at seven and have breakfast. And then I go to school at half past seven. Lessons begin at eight o’clock. We have four lessons in the morning and Chinese is my favourite lesson. We usually have 10 minute's break between two lessons and at about 12 o'clock we finish our morning lessons. I have lunch at school at twelve thirty.I like school lunch and I always have rice with meat and vegetables. After lunch I often talk with my friends or play basketball with them. In the afternoon lessons start at half past one and finish at four o’clock. I play games after school with my friends and then go home at half past four. In the evening I do my homework and then watch TV. At ten o’clock I go to bed. It’s really a busy day but I like it.第二篇 As we can see, the world population is growing rapidly day by day. So enough fresh water is needed to feed such a big population. What's more, with the development of industry, factories and vehicles produce poisonous gases or wastes, which consequently results in the pollution of water. Though fresh, a good amount of it can no longer be used. Only quite limited fresh water resource is available to human beings. So it's high time for us human beings to take quick action to protect water resource. Stop pollution and save water, otherwise, we cannot survive on the earth. With fresh water, the world will be prosperous第三篇 保护水资源： As we can see, the world population is growing rapidly day by day. So enough fresh water is needed to feed such a big population. What's more, with the development of industry, factories and vehicles produce poisonous gases or wastes, which consequently results in the pollution of water. Though fresh, a good amount of it can no longer be used. Only quite limited fresh water resource is available to human beings. So it's high time for us human beings to take quick action to protect water resource. Stop pollution and save water, otherwise, we cannot survive on the earth. With fresh water, the world will be prosperous.翻译如下：正如大家看到世界人口增长迅速日。 给这类大的人口需要有足够的淡水。 怎么还有与工业事务局研究工厂和车辆产生有毒气体或，因此导致污染的水的废物。 虽然新鲜的可以不再使用好的量。 只有很有限的新鲜水资源可供人类。 因此，它是我们人类采取快速行动，保护水资源的时候了。 停止污染和保存水，否则，我们不能生存在地球上。 新鲜的水世界将会繁荣。改革开放：It has been thirty years since China started reform and began a policy of opening up China to the outside world.This has resulted in great changes taking place in various fields. With the nine-year compulsory education(九年制义务教育) program,all children have the chance to be educated.In the past 30 years,China has made great progress in science and technology.In 2003,China launched its first manned spaceship and fulfilled its first space walk in 2008.As economy is developing fast,people's living conditions have greatly improved. In addition,there have also been great changes in sports.The 29th Olympics were successfully hosted in Beijing and Chinese athletes won the most gold medals. I'm really proud of the great achievements in the past 30 years.It is the leadership of the Communist Party and the great efforts of us Chinese people that made all these possible.Nowadays,people are working hard towards a more advanced and harmonious society.I'm sure China will have a brighter future and Chinese people will live a happier life.第四篇保护水资源： As we can see, the world population is growing rapidly day by day. So enough fresh water is needed to feed such a big population. What's more, with the development of industry, factories and vehicles produce poisonous gases or wastes, which consequently results in the pollution of water. Though fresh, a good amount of it can no longer be used. Only quite limited fresh water resource is available to human beings. So it's high time for us human beings to take quick action to protect water resource. Stop pollution and save water, otherwise, we cannot survive on the earth. With fresh water, the world will be prosperous.翻译如下：正如大家看到世界人口增长迅速日。 给这类大的人口需要有足够的淡水。 怎么还有与工业事务局研究工厂和车辆产生有毒气体或，因此导致污染的水的废物。 虽然新鲜的可以不再使用好的量。 只有很有限的新鲜水资源可供人类。 因此，它是我们人类采取快速行动，保护水资源的时候了。 停止污染和保存水，否则，我们不能生存在地球上。 新鲜的水世界将会繁荣。改革开放：It has been thirty years since China started reform and began a policy of opening up China to the outside world.This has resulted in great changes taking place in various fields. With the nine-year compulsory education(九年制义务教育) program,all children have the chance to be educated.In the past 30 years,China has made great progress in science and technology.In 2003,China launched its first manned spaceship and fulfilled its first space walk in 2008.As economy is developing fast,people's living conditions have greatly improved. In addition,there have also been great changes in sports.The 29th Olympics were successfully hosted in Beijing and Chinese athletes won the most gold medals. I'm really proud of the great achievements in the past 30 years.It is the leadership of the Communist Party and the great efforts of us Chinese people that made all these possible.Nowadays,people are working hard towards a more advanced and harmonious society.I'm sure China will have a brighter future and Chinese people will live a happier life.翻译如下：这是三十年以来中国开始改革与开始的外部 world.This 中国开放政策，导致在各个领域发生的巨大变化。 于九年强制 education(九年制义务教育) 程序所有孩子都有机会被 educated.In 在 30 年中国已取得很大进展科技 technology.In 2003、 中国推出其第一次的载人的飞船和完成首次空间行走在 2008.As 经济发展迅速、 人民生活条件大大改善。 此外，也有很大的变化在 sports.The 29 奥运成功承载在北京和中国运动员赢得最大的金牌。 我的确感到自豪的丰功伟绩在过去的 30 years.It 是共产党的领导和我们中国人作出所有这些 possible.Nowadays,people 正在努力向更先进，和谐 society.I 确信中国将会有一个光明的前景和中国人民将过幸福生活的努力。电脑利弊：The main disadvantages are: some of the young people are too obsessed with the network control poor, it will trap into the network. Relevant data show that young people indulge in network performance is more than 89 percent plummet. Online games will have a strong young vanity has led to some young people have an unhealthy psychological, severely hampered the normal development of young people. There are fighting games so that some young people think that real life can be like a virtual network of the world as ruled by the law of the jungle to the world today, leading toward the path of crime. Play the role of those villains, so that boys like girls change, but it's like boys girls. The trap of the second network, some people because of social discontent, the network's own desire to radiation, leading to others on the network by fraud, deceived many examples, list goes on.Many benefits, save time and effort before the provincial lesson entirely on hand-written, time-consuming and laborious, much more will have to modify. Preparation of a computer is now "semi-automatic", and the school to teach all the prior knowledge input into the computer, after layout, modify, save, and finally print it out; the same can also copy the link. Computer is time-saving, labor-saving good helper, it gives me more time to study materials, the design of better teaching methods.第五篇I like badminton and basketball,basketball is my favourite sport,I like basketball best. I always wear a T-shirt,shorts and runners to play basketball. I can throw the basketball in the net, I think it is easy, but someone think it is hard, I can catch the basketball,too. On Sundays,I am a bbasketball player.I like to watch basketball game on TV, Yao Ming is my favourite basketball player, I want to be a real basketball player someday. 第六篇Hello everyone !DO you like sports? Let me tell you whate my favorite sport is.Well I like tennis best.Becase of playing tennis makes me be healthy and happy.You can run on the playgrond and enjoy it every time.So I really like playing tennis very mnch! 第七篇a meaningfull activity Last month I went to the hometown with my family,We decided to swim in the river where my father often swim when he was young.But when we got there,there was only a dirty river,so we thought we got to a wrong place.But there was a old man,he said:"Here is a place where you want to go".He look so sad when he said this.Then he said:"Two years ago,here was really a beutifu place,but one day,many visitors come here and threw rubbish anywhere.The river be dirty and dirty,and it look like this now".When I heard this,I think we should protect our earth.It was really a meaningful activity第八篇Our school has now started an activity called “Build Civilized Classes and a Harmonious Campus.” The topic is “ Get Rid of Bad Habits and Greet Civilization”. Bad habits do exist. Some students throw rubbish everywhere or spit in public. Some wear long hair. Others are even addicted to smoking and drinking. We require that the students break away from these bad habits. We urge the students to wear their school uniform and be polite to others. During the activity, we’ll hold a picture show, a competition of classroom and dormitory decorations and so on. We all hope that we’ll build each class into a civilized one and our campus into a harmonious place.第九篇.My Birthday PartyIt’s July23. Today I am16 years old. I am going to have a party at home and I am waiting for all my friends to come. They are going to bring?lots of beautiful presents with them. My parents are preparing a lot of nice things to eat and drink. At the party we are going to play games, sing songs, dance and listen to music. I think we will have a good time.
6000的阿，咱去年写了一个1500的。。凑和吧Literature, Exploration of the World “The more you read, the further you go.” This ancient Chinese idiom tells people the benefits of reading literature. Literature is the art of written work. In Latin, "acquaintance with letters" which includes anything associates with using alphabets whether written or printed. The many forms of literature provide distinctive experiences. “The further you go” not only means the events we pass through while reading, but also the intellectual experiences that we obtain. As readers receive information from literature, their brains modify it, analyze it, and make general conclusions on what we have learned. As a result, people interpret the ideas and messages from writers based on our judgements and reflect the learning on them. Besides, literature represents the opinions from many perspectives, so then it allows men to thoroughly understand an issue, other than solely rely on our personal opinions. For this reason, reading helps mankind to open up the door of comprehension and explores everything at a greater depth. In other words, reading literature is a shortcut to the exploration of the world. It enables the readers to confront different cultures and people, the beauty and cruelty of the world, and to discover the true human nature. Each writer has his or her own personal experiences, therefore reading literature allows readers to explore stories from different people and culture. A Great Expectation written by Charles Dickens is a masterpiece of literature. It frames out the lives of many different characters and allows the readers to understand the social context. The distinctive personalities and lifestyles reveals how the social influences can ultimately lead the characters towards their contradictory endings. In the novel, the main character Pip’s brother-in-law–Joe says: “Pip, dear old chap, life is made of ever so many partings welded together, as I may say, and one man's a blacksmith, and one's a whitesmith, and one's a goldsmith, and one's a coppersmith. Divisions among such must come, and must be met as they come” (Dickens). Joe says this after his uncomfortable meeting with Pip that men’s lives will come to a division point. From that point on, every man heads toward his own life differ from everyone else and there is no chance for their lives to intersect again. This is also the message that Charles Dickens tries to deliver to his readers. He lets the readers to understand that different actions lead to different consequences. Besides, literature provides experiences of many cultures. In Barbara Kingsolver’s poem Naming Myself, she gives out the cultural background and the honourable story of her family name. “I could shed my name in the middle of life, / the ordinary thing, and it would flee/…But it would grow restless there. I know this” (Kingsolver). Barbara states that she is proud of her culture and family. No matter what the situation is, she will name herself proud and guard it with her dignity. Her readers will discover the importance of native ancestry, a cultural formation, and tradition. Furthermore, books give the chance to get on a journey to any place that man can possibly imagine. Mary Schmich believes “Reading is a discount ticket to everywhere” (Schmich). There is, with no doubt, a great deal of truth in this comment. Since every book represents beliefs and values of a culture or cultures, reading each of the books simply takes the reader into the cultural environment without any further purchase of an actual trip. While reading, people physically remain stationary, but their minds travel through continents. Consequently, books provide valuable experiences of different people or cultural. Literature lets people gain more knowledge about the diversified world.By reading, we can experience many different cultures, but books are also reflections of passion, that allow readers to explore the true human nature. Sometimes, people attempt to hide themselves under a cover: those who are sad hide their sadness under a smile; or those who are jealous hide their envy under praises; or those are ambitious hides their eagerness under modesty. However, as Samuel Butler says “Every man’s work, whether it be literature or music or pictures or anything else, is always a portrait of himself, and the more he tries to conceal himself the more clearly will his character appear in spite of him” (Butler), literature reveals the hidden nature of man. Although some authors try to hide themselves in their work of literature, ultimately, they put in their own passion while writing. Then the readers are able to discover the hidden side of authors by reading books. In an interview with Rachel Taylor, she states “Literature exposes. It usually reveals another side of humanity that is not often recognized. It is a moral” (Taylor). She believes that since books unmasks human nature, therefore by reading; readers can draw their own moral and learn from books. Rachel Taylor also mentions the famous tragedy—Hamlet written by Shakespeare. The play reveals ambition, hatred, love, lust, loyalty, betrayal and many other sides of humanity. For a long time, Hamlet is read and studied by many different people. The reason the Shakespearean plays are still popular is not only the spectacular language, but also how it is closely related to the current society. By reading Hamlet, readers are able to interpret the corresponding results of certain behaviours and apply the learning into their lives. Also, just like not all the humans have the same nature, books also have different purposes. There are books that reveal and praise distorted love. For example, in the novel Thicker Than Water, by Kathryn Harrison, the main character Isabel has a incest relationship with her father. There is an indescribable, subtle love between Isabel and her father as she says in the story “He fucked me, yes, but he held me afterward, and for brief moments I believed that for one of my parents my existence had not been a trial” (Harrison). Isabel’s reason for her and her father’s relationship is that she wants to be embraced by at least one of her parent. Throughout the novel, Kathryn Harrison gives the readers an impression that she prefers this type of love. She writes with her passion and understanding towards humanity. Kathryn Harrison provides her readers a different experience of the definition of love. Barbara Tuchman comments “Books are humanity in print” (Tuchman). Indeed, whether how literature is being written, whether as a play or a novel, follows the universal moral basis or portrays a unique perspective, literature always teaches a lesson. Reading books always allows people to learn about humanity and elevate themselves intellectually.Reading shows human nature and culture. It reflects the hope and joy in the society, however, while the beauty is being praised, books also portrays the cruelty of the world. Literature often provides readers with facts, and then it becomes the readers’ duty to explore the theme. As people begin to judge works of literature, they classify the facts into positive or negative, good or bad messages; in other words, readers need to determine whether it is the beauty or cruelty within literature. Christine Naraine believes “Literature improves comprehension. It forces you to think from many different perspectives, and look into many different directions” (Naraine). She states that reading provokes thinking and therefore improves people’s ability to understand messages. In works of literature, there is usually a paradox. It can be external or internal, such as perfection versus imperfection, justice versus evil. The two irreducible elements make the duality of beauty and cruelty. They oppose each other, but there is no beauty without a comparison of cruelty; and cruelty will not be definite if there is no beauty being praised. Therefore, there is no absolute beauty or cruelty because we judge on each of these based on another. Salmon Rushdie supports this belief “Literature is where I go explore the highest and lowest places in human society and in the human spirit, where I hope to find not absolute truth but the truth of the tale, of the imagination and of the heart” (Rushdie). He suggests that literature allows readers to experience the two extremes of the society. According to Rushdie, the result of this experience is not to draw a solution, but to gain an overall improvement of both imagination and of the heart. Thus, literature always is associated with the duality of beauty and cruelty. By reading, people can gain more knowledge about this paradox and understand the formation of the society. Reading literature is a blessed journey. It is an experience of a wide kind and an exploration of the world. Reading not only brings people knowledge, it also allows the readers to confront different culture and people, the true humanity, and the wonders and desperations. Literature helps to shape people’s logic structure, and therefore reading develops more mature individuals. As reading improves comprehension, readers become more brilliant, more insightful and more successful. With these in mind, reading is no longer a burden, but a necessity. A necessary exploration of the self and the world.
Now the humanity already started to transform the nature, the artificial selection had already replaced the `natural selection ', the humanity may the species which does not like casual one kind of top the `harmful insect ', the `weed '. And declared that wants them, except that. The humanity and other species are the same, is the natural biology, but not god product. The natural selection, its executor was in the nature species, between the species mutual diversion only then causes to choose the possibility, choice another intention is lets all species maintains the competitiveness, maintained the improved seed. Superior win and the inferior wash out forever is the natural first choice. Therefore, the artificial selection is also the natural selection one kind. In very long before competes is refers to between the species and the species carries on. Now this kind of competition has been monopolized by the humanity, the humanity already high became in the nature most to have the competitive species.
不分v个方法回复很方便
毕业论文是你对做出的项目的一个总结，是在你答辩那天需要复印几份给在场的教员的，有规定的格式和要求，设计是你自己按照导师的要求做出来的成果，看你所选的项目来顶了，有的课题只需要论文，有的必须两者都要，如果是文科的话，只需要论文即可。
submitted: 就是这篇文章已经提交给期刊，但还没有得到任何答复，还完全有被拒收的可能；under review: 就是文章进入评审阶段，一般提交给期刊的文章先要经过期刊助手对文章结构，字数等技术性检查，合格的话才送交主编，由主编邀请评审专家初审。under review 表明主编已经将论文送审了，结果仍未知；major revision: 文章需要大改，一般情况下如果（2-3位中）1位评审专家对文章提出一些尖锐、负面的意见，而另几位的意见比较正面，则主编往往会要求作者进行大改动；至此，文章还是有被接受的可能，但要看改动后的文章是否让评审专家或主编满意；minor revision: 小改动，至此文章被接受的可能已经达90%，只需要对文中小的差错进行修改即可接受；accepted：完全接受，但离出版印刷发行还有段时间；early online (or online ready):已经完全定型的文章还需要排队印刷发行，这个过程有的期刊会很长，1-2年，early online 或 online ready 就是先将文章在网上发布出来，供读者阅读。这时的文章 doi 号码已经有，也可以引用，但还没有正式的卷号，期号及页码；published: 最后印刷出版了
翻译：...have published some papers in the journal【详释】在期刊上：in the journal，地点状语放在句尾发表了：have published，谓语动词，根据语境用了现在进行时论文：（some） papers，宾语，英语语言习惯加上some，也可以用a paper表示单一的论文。
gavin7991 - 举人 四级 说的很详细，但更加简洁明了的说法是：硕士论文用thesis，eg. MA thesis (文学硕士论文），博士论文用dissertation, 学期论文或发表的文章可用paper，essay指篇幅较短小的文章，相当于作文类或散文类
推荐用一般过去式（时）I published the paper/article/essay(推荐前2者) entitled(提名为) *** in the journal/periodical(2选1) ***.其中，两部分***都需斜体表示（张伶俐无法显示） 供参
I've published the paper on （论文主题） in the （期刊名称）
翻译：...have published some papers in the journal【详释】在期刊上：in the journal，地点状语放在句尾发表了：have published，谓语动词，根据语境用了现在进行时论文：（some） papers，宾语，英语语言习惯加上some，也可以用a paper表示单一的论文。
英语是：He is quite famous in the academic circles as he has published several influential papers.句子解释：famous 英[ˈfeɪməs] 美[ˈfeməs] adj. 著名的，出名的; 〈古〉一流的，极好的; [例句]New Orleans is famous for its cuisine.新奥尔良以其美食而著称。publish 英[ˈpʌblɪʃ] 美[ˈpʌblɪʃ] vt. 出版，发行; 发表，宣布（结婚等）; 公布，颁布; 出版…的著作; [例句]They publish reference books他们出版工具书。influential 英[ˌɪnfluˈenʃl] 美[ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl] adj. 有影响的; 有权势的; n. 有影响力的人物; [例句]It helps to have influential friends.有几个位高权重的朋友很有好处。
【摘要】：千百年来,关于人性的问题人们一直在争论,并且得出很多不同的评断。有人支持说人性是善良的,也有人持相反态度,并且认为人性原本是邪恶的。读完了戈尔丁《蝇王》这部作品,我更同意后者。认识到人性中的黑暗面是人类自我认知的一个重要过程。认识到人性的黑暗其实并不可怕,可怕的却是自欺欺人的不敢面对自我。【作者单位】： 吉林师范大学博达学院; 【关键词】： 邪恶 文明 科学 教育 人性恶 蝇王 威廉·戈尔丁 黑暗 自我认知 人类社会 【分类号】：I561.074【正文快照】：威廉·戈尔丁(William Golding,1911～1994)是一名英国小说家。1954年他发表了短篇小说《蝇王》,并获得了巨大的声誉。戈尔丁在西方被称为“寓言编撰家”,他运用现实主义的叙述方法编写寓言神话,承袭西方伦理学的传统,着力表现“人心的黑暗”这一主题,表现出作家对人类未来的20世纪英国作家、诺贝尔文学奖1983年获得者威廉·戈尔丁的代表作《蝇王》,通过一个寓言故事,描写了一群英国孩子在一个孤岛上的经历,以其独特的艺术表现手法,通过生动的故事情节、栩栩如生的人物形象,揭示了隐藏在人们心中的“恶”以及人性的黑暗,揭示了“人性恶”所引发的
【摘要】：千百年来,关于人性的问题人们一直在争论,并且得出很多不同的评断。有人支持说人性是善良的,也有人持相反态度,并且认为人性原本是邪恶的。读完了戈尔丁《蝇王》这部作品,我更同意后者。认识到人性中的黑暗面是人类自我认知的一个重要过程。认识到人性的黑暗其实并不可怕,可怕的却是自欺欺人的不敢面对自我。【作者单位】： 吉林师范大学博达学院; 【关键词】： 邪恶 文明 科学 教育 人性恶 蝇王 威廉·戈尔丁 黑暗 自我认知 人类社会 【分类号】：I561.074【正文快照】：威廉·戈尔丁(William Golding,1911～1994)是一名英国小说家。1954年他发表了短篇小说《蝇王》,并获得了巨大的声誉。戈尔丁在西方被称为“寓言编撰家”,他运用现实主义的叙述方法编写寓言神话,承袭西方伦理学的传统,着力表现“人心的黑暗”这一主题,表现出作家对人类未来的《蝇王》所具有的独特的寓言性、象征性,以及它所揭示的人性恶,有助于人们对人性恶的了解。20世纪英国作家、诺贝尔文学奖1983年获得者威廉·戈尔丁的代表作《蝇王》,通过一个寓言故事,描写了一群英国孩子在一个孤岛上的经历,以其独特的艺术表现手法,通过生动的故事情节、栩栩如生的人物形象,揭示了隐藏在人们心中的“恶”以及人性的黑暗,揭示了“人性恶”所引发的
《老人与海》中桑提亚哥主体形象分析一、内在力量桑提亚哥是位以打鱼为生的古巴老渔夫，他历经风霜饱受艰难，岁月的流失在他身上留下了深刻的痕迹。他已连续84天没钓到一条鱼了，前几十天有一小孩陪着他出海，由于他的失败和背运，那个小孩被父母逼着跟另外的渔船钓鱼。如今老头孤独无援，厄运缠身。但他老而不衰，苍老的容貌与他充满活力的内心形成了鲜明的对比。海明威在描写桑提亚哥这一人物时，通过描述他的体貌和眼神，体现出了老人外表的苍老与内在的力量：The old man was thin and gaunt,with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck. The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks. The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep – creased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords. But none of the scars were fresh. They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert.Everything about him was old except his eye and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated.除了老头那双充满活力的眼睛，海明威还通过小孩曼诺林的眼睛让读者看到桑提亚哥身体上其它有力的部分，从而使读者期待而不幻想，把注意力集中到桑提亚哥身上，他有力的肩膀，壮实的头颈无一不显示出他所蕴含的力量： They were strange shoulders,still powerful although very old,and the neck was still strong too and the creases did not show so much when the old man was asleep and his head fallen forward. 也正是这种老而不衰的体力构成了桑提亚哥支撑自信的基本力量之一。作为一个经常处于与大自然力量相抗争状态的渔夫，他知已至深，十分清楚自身的优势和胜算；对于他要面对的大鱼，他亦知彼至深，懂得如何运用技巧和耐力赢得一场公平的战斗。他对自己的能力不抱幻想，也不狂妄地自我吹嘘。只是等待机会证实自己的能力，所以，他对曼诺林的称赞反应并不十分强烈，只是淡淡的一句 “Thank you. You make me happy. I hope no fish will come along so great that he will prove us wrong.” 显示出一个知已知彼的钓鱼高手在临战前的冷静和镇定，话说得虽少，却字字千钓，自有一股震人心魄的力量。 桑提亚哥的行动正如他的言语一样，简洁而精确，没有多余的动作。他的每个动作似乎经过精确计算，决不多浪费一点精力。如他脱衣睡觉的动作，轻捷而实用，读起来让人如身临其境： He rolled his trousers up to make a pillow,putting the newspaper inside them. He rolled himself in the blanket and slept on the other old newspapers that covered the springs of the bed. 他简朴，贫困而不寒酸，谦卑而不低贱，动作之中自有一股尊严，令人敬仰。海明威在这一人物身上寄托了他对人性的深刻理解和信念。无论环境多么困苦艰难险恶，无论一个人的地位高低，保持人的尊严是最重要的。这种尊严不会由于财富的多寡，运气的大小而增减，它是真正美好的人性必不可少的一部分，Young指出这种认识境界也是海明威本人所能达到的高度，也是他这一作品最成功之处。 “The knowledge that a simple man is capable of the decency, dignity, and even heroism that Santiago possesses and that his battle can been seen in heroic terms is itself perhaps the greatest victory that Hemingway won.” 二、硬汉本色如果说桑提亚哥在其行动中显示了尊严，在遭到失败后还继续保持不败的精神则显示了他的硬汉本色，他与小孩曼诺林的友谊则显示了他性格中温暖的一面。他的忠诚和激情通过他的行动表达出来，如他独自一人在海上的时候多次提到小孩曼诺林，使人感觉到他对友谊和帮助的渴求。 但桑提亚哥这一人物的性格并非不存在任何缺陷，如他允许自己和曼诺林不断重复那段关于子虚乌有的米饭和鱼网的对话，暴露了他性格中非理智的一面： “What do you have to eat?” the boy asked. “A pot of yellow rice with fish. Do you want some?” “No. I will eat at home. Do you want me to make the fire?”“No. I will make it later on. Or I may eat the rice cold.” “May I take the castnet?”“Of course.”“硬汉子”桑提亚哥在与马林鱼和鲨鱼的冲突中把自己的体能发挥到了极限。但在小说的结尾处，我们听到桑提亚哥和Manolin在谈论下次出海打鱼的计划： “Now we fish together again.” “No. I am not lucky. I am not luck any more.” “The hell with luck,” the boy said “ I’ll bring the luck with me.” ...... “We must get a good killing lance and always have it on board. You can make the blade from a spring leaf from an old ford. We can grind it in Guanabacoa. It should be sharp and not tempered so it will break. My knife broke.”桑提亚哥并没有被打败。此次捕鱼的失败只给他留下了疲劳和更多的经验或诀窍。同时，曼诺林的存在使他的失败又被赋予了一层新的意义。他发现他可以从自己失败的地方找到可以教导曼诺林的教训，现身说法，使这次失败在曼诺林身上产生更深远的价值，桑提亚哥的“硬汉”精神会在曼诺林身上得到延续和弘扬。正如Baker所言： “The winner takes nothing but the sense of having fought the fight to the limits of his strength，of having shown what a man can do when it is necessary like many of the rest of us，he is undefeated only because he has gone on trying.” 三、海明威主角模式卓绝的特质与阔远宁静的心理素质在桑提亚哥这一主体形象身上，不仅凝聚了海明威主角模式卓绝的特质，如压力下的冷静和优雅风度以及产生这种优雅感的自我控制力，还显示出了一种更加阔远宁静的心理素质。桑提亚哥对失败的反应已不再像其主角模式那样愤世嫉俗，他平静而坚定地接受了自己的命运，内心的信念并未因此而丧失。作为一个渔夫，连续数月捕不到鱼这种挫折对他来说既不是第一次，也不是最后一次。这一点从曼诺林口中说出，也说明了曼诺林对老人桑提亚哥的信心基础。在曼诺林的眼中，桑提亚哥是经受过考验的。对读者来说； The man who never encounters death,who never faces any danger at all, this man has not yet been tested; we don’t know whether he will withstand the pressures,whether he will prove to be a true Hemingway man.对桑提亚哥来说，更富有意义的是他已不止一次经受住了考验，他无论在道德上还是在勇气上都属于胜利者。 “He fights with dignity,against great odds,and though he loses the marlin,he survives and wins and moral victory for himself by daring the sea and the great fish. The fullest expression of his courage and his strength are tested-- and are triumphant.”另外，桑提亚哥作为胜者的意义不仅仅在于他在压力下所显示的巨大勇气和凛然的尊严，还在于他强大的意志力与其衰老的肉体强烈的反差对比，他体能上的弱势由于其娴熟的技巧得到部分弥补，但他作为一个个体在与生存环境的抗争中更富有深刻的寓意。桑提亚哥所显示的勇气和意志力于全人类无疑具有深刻的意义。四、结语作为文学作品中一个虚构的人物，桑提亚哥是“浑圆”的人物，他的内心和态度经历了变化，性格得到了进一步的发展。他意识到在向自己的极限的挑战中，他所能取得的成功由于其它对抗力量的制约而不能圆满，当他发现自己一直寻找或猎取的大鱼被毫无意义地吞食时，他意识到不仅伤害了对手，也伤害了自己。而在这以前，他还一直以为自己在一场公平的竞争中赢得了胜利，遭遇鲨鱼之后他才发现自己为这一胜利付出的代价多么惨痛。在他出海前，他满怀信心，认为凭借一已之力就可以捕到大鱼，但在与大鱼正面对抗时，他才意识到人与人之间的帮助是珍贵而必需的，这种帮助的意义还不仅仅在于体力上的帮忙，更重要的是给他以精神上的支撑。
《少年维特之烦恼》此文短小又精悍，又关暗恋的事，是每个人都应该会有的经历，很适合，作者也非常有名滴。