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英语专业的论文提纲模板
导语：在毕业论文的.写作过程中，指导教师一般都要求学生编写提纲。从写作程序上讲，它是作者动笔行文前的必要准备；从提纲本身来讲，它是作者构思谋篇的具体体现。下面我整理了英语专业的论文提纲模板，欢迎参考借鉴！
Chapter One Influencing Factors of Creative Treason
Background of Gone with the Wind
Author's Life and Emotional Experience
Development of the Feminist Movement
Influence of Economic Crisis
Background of the Translator
Reader's Expectations and the Ability to Accept
Chapter Two Creative Treason and Translator Style
Selection and Use of Words
Symbolthe Usage of Idioms
Symbolthe Usage of Reduplication
Structure and Modalitythe Usage of Parallel Construction
' Logic and Combination
's Device and Style
's Transition
, Slangs and Fixed Collocations
Identity
of Narrative Style
Chapter Three The Limitation of Translator Style
Chapter Four The Sociality of Creative Treason
Significance
Significance
' Effort
Conclusion
This article conclusion
Creative treason develops a new domain for literary translation. In this thesis, thebackground of main factors was taken as the entry point. Through analyzing thebackground of tiie original, translator and readers we got the result that affected byvarious factors especially different background the creative treason in literary translationis objective and inevitable. By reason of existence of creative treason, it is possible toform the unique translation style in the translation process. Based on parsing FuDonghua's version of Gone with the Wind,this study analyzes translator style from sixaspects and has proved the existence of translator style. Retoning to the ultimate purposemotivation of translation, we should affirm that the translation work which is in theframework of the original and makes recreations for the need of target readers is thehigh-quality one.
Behind two literary works are two different languages, behind two languages are twodifferent cultures,after discussing the translator style which is based on the languageexchange we should see the most fundamental factor is the cultural differences, which isone of the social significance of creative treason. Just as Escarpit states, all thetranslations are the result of creative treason. So the social significance of translation isalso creative treason V In the process of social development the role of translation can notbe replaced and the creative treason's function should be paid more attention to. For theexistence of creative treason, we can not ignore the hard work and efforts the translatorsdo,it should be folly admitted and respected.
In addition to translation activities, in the field of other social life, we can still findthe creative treason. There are some subjective factors which are mixed into theunderstanding and judgment of object,that's why different people have differentcognitions for the same thing. Therefore, in the process of recognizing the world creativetreason always exists- This can be the new point of creative treason's socialization, enrichthe connotation of the concept and extend the social significance of creative treason.
英语专业论文提纲范文
英语专业论文提纲怎么写呢?随着社会的发展，英语在人们生活中的比重逐渐加大，成为运用非常广泛的语言。下面是我分享的英语专业论文提纲的范文，欢迎阅读!
Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures
Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX
Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-ChineseChinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)
Key Words: idioms; culture; translation
论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译
摘要: 著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要，
因为词语只有在其作用的文化背景下才有意义。”也就是说，翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱，专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近20年来，习语翻译大多强调语际的'交流，而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异，进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法，并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文，选择与原文风格，意思相符的翻译;文化是一种生活方式，文化在变化，出现新的习语，习语翻译要与时俱进。
关键词：习语;文化;翻译
1. Introduction
Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression
that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)
2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms
The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms Geographical Conditions
The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.
Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of
Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)
For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会
Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进
A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)
On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴，对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......" Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯，海枯石烂，海阔天空，海底捞针，海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)
History
The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms
Colours
Numbers
3. Methods of Idiom Translation
Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:
Literal Translation
Free Translation
Translation with Notes
Replacement with Similar Idioms
The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning
A Combination of Literal and Free Translation
4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation
5. Conclusion
One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)
References
[*] 作者. 书名(英语的斜体). (出版地：)出版社，年份：参考内容页码 [*] 作者. 文章名(英语的斜体). 刊物名称. (出版地：)出版社，年份
[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press,2008
[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xian: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007
[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982
[4] Nida Eugene. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993
[5] Susan Bassnett, Andre Lefevere. Translation, History, Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987
[6] Luo Shiping. A Research on English Idioms. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006
[7] Li Yuping. English Idioms and their Cultural Origin. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008
[8] Yin Li. English-Chinese Idioms and Folk Culture. Beijing: Bejing university Press, 2007
[9] Zhang Yajun. A Kaleidoscope of Chinese Culture. Beijing: Sinolingua, 2008
[10] 李云(Li Yun).《新编大学翻译教程》. 北京：世界知识出版社, 2007 [11] 马爱英(Ma Aiying).《中英文化翻译》. 北京：科学出版社, 2006
[12] 孙致礼(Sun Zhili).《新编英汉翻译教程》. 上海：上海外语教学出版社, 2008
[13] 王宗炎(Wang Zongyan).《英汉语文问题面面观》. 北京：北京高等教育出版社, 2006
英语专业的论文提纲模板
导语：在毕业论文的.写作过程中，指导教师一般都要求学生编写提纲。从写作程序上讲，它是作者动笔行文前的必要准备；从提纲本身来讲，它是作者构思谋篇的具体体现。下面我整理了英语专业的论文提纲模板，欢迎参考借鉴！
Chapter One Influencing Factors of Creative Treason
Background of Gone with the Wind
Author's Life and Emotional Experience
Development of the Feminist Movement
Influence of Economic Crisis
Background of the Translator
Reader's Expectations and the Ability to Accept
Chapter Two Creative Treason and Translator Style
Selection and Use of Words
Symbolthe Usage of Idioms
Symbolthe Usage of Reduplication
Structure and Modalitythe Usage of Parallel Construction
' Logic and Combination
's Device and Style
's Transition
, Slangs and Fixed Collocations
Identity
of Narrative Style
Chapter Three The Limitation of Translator Style
Chapter Four The Sociality of Creative Treason
Significance
Significance
' Effort
Conclusion
This article conclusion
Creative treason develops a new domain for literary translation. In this thesis, thebackground of main factors was taken as the entry point. Through analyzing thebackground of tiie original, translator and readers we got the result that affected byvarious factors especially different background the creative treason in literary translationis objective and inevitable. By reason of existence of creative treason, it is possible toform the unique translation style in the translation process. Based on parsing FuDonghua's version of Gone with the Wind,this study analyzes translator style from sixaspects and has proved the existence of translator style. Retoning to the ultimate purposemotivation of translation, we should affirm that the translation work which is in theframework of the original and makes recreations for the need of target readers is thehigh-quality one.
Behind two literary works are two different languages, behind two languages are twodifferent cultures,after discussing the translator style which is based on the languageexchange we should see the most fundamental factor is the cultural differences, which isone of the social significance of creative treason. Just as Escarpit states, all thetranslations are the result of creative treason. So the social significance of translation isalso creative treason V In the process of social development the role of translation can notbe replaced and the creative treason's function should be paid more attention to. For theexistence of creative treason, we can not ignore the hard work and efforts the translatorsdo,it should be folly admitted and respected.
In addition to translation activities, in the field of other social life, we can still findthe creative treason. There are some subjective factors which are mixed into theunderstanding and judgment of object,that's why different people have differentcognitions for the same thing. Therefore, in the process of recognizing the world creativetreason always exists- This can be the new point of creative treason's socialization, enrichthe connotation of the concept and extend the social significance of creative treason.
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板
所谓论文提纲，是指论文作者动笔行文前的必要准备，是论文构思谋篇的具体体现。构思谋篇是指组织设计毕业论文的篇章结构，以便论文作者可以根据论文提纲安排材料素材、对课题论文展开论证。下面我以英语教育专业毕业论文提纲为例，为大家介绍论文提纲的写法。
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板一
摘要 2-3
Abstract 3
引言 6-13
一、研究的背景 6-7
二、文献综述 7-11
(一) 国外研究状况 7-9
(二) 国内研究状况 9-11
三、研究方法 11-12
四、创新之处 12-13
第一章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论思考 13-22
一、相关概念的界定 13
二、小学高年级实施英语语篇整体性教学的必要性 13-14
(一) 小学高年级学生心理发展的特点 13
(二) 小学高年级英语语篇的特点 13-14
三、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论基础 14-18
(一) 心理学中的整体性原则 14-15
(二) 心理学中的认知理论 15-16
(三) 三种阅读教学模式 16-18
四、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的主要类型 18-22
(一) 对话类语篇整体性教学要素 18-19
(二) 故事类语篇整体性教学要素 19-22
第二章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂模式实施的现状调研 22-38
一、调研设计 22-23
(一) 调研对象 22
(二) 调研方法 22
(三) 调研内容 22-23
二、对小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学推进情况的调研 23-38
(一) 对语篇整体性教学实施态度的调研 23-25
(二) 对语篇整体性教学实施过程的调研 25-27
(三) 对语篇整体性教学实施效果的调研 27-34
(四)对语篇整体性教学实施困惑的调研 34-38
第三章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学调研的问题及原因分析 38-46
一、在实施语篇整体性教学过程中存在的问题 38-41
(一) 过于重视“整体”，完全放弃了 “局部”知识点学习 38-39
(二)为了体现“学生主体”，大胆放弃“教师主导” 39-40
(三)误解“阅读语篇”的意义，变成“反复朗读语篇” 40
(四)为了“整体情境”，拘泥于“单一情境” 40
(五)为了“立足语篇”，拒绝“适当有效拓展” 40-41
二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学问题产生原因的分析 41-46
第四章 优化小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的途径 46-54
一、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂实施的原则 46-51
(一) 整体理解为主,细节理解为辅 46-48
(二) 语感训练为主,语法理解为辅 48-50
(三) 思维训练为主,知识技能掌握为辅 50-51
二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的策略研究 51-54
(一) 确立明确的教学目标 51
(二) 分配合理的预习任务 51-52
(三) 关注有效的情景创设 52
(四) 把握清晰的主线设置 52
(五) 关注丰富的拓展阅读 52-54
结语 54-55
参考文献 55-59
致谢 59-60
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板二
Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures
Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX
Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-Chinese\Chinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)
Key Words: idioms; culture; translation
论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译
摘要 :著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要，
因为词语只有在其作用的'文化背景下才有意义。”也就是说，翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱，专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近20年来，习语翻译大多强调语际的交流，而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异，进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法，并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文，选择与原文风格，意思相符的翻译;文化是一种生活方式，文化在变化，出现新的习语，习语翻译要与时俱进。
关键词： 习语;文化;翻译
1. Introduction
Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression
that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)
2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms
The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms Geographical Conditions
The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.
Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of
Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)
For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会
Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进
A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)
On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴，对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......". Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯，海枯石烂，海阔天空，海底捞针，海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)
History
The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms
Colours
Numbers
3. Methods of Idiom Translation
Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:
Literal Translation
Free Translation
Translation with Notes
Replacement with Similar Idioms
The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning
A Combination of Literal and Free Translation
4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation
5. Conclusion
One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others' feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)
References
[*] 作者. 书名(英语的斜体). (出版地：)出版社，年份：参考内容页码 [*] 作者. 文章名(英语的斜体). 刊物名称. (出版地：)出版社，年份
[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press,2008
[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xi'an: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007
[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982
[4] Nida Eugene. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993
[5] Susan Bassnett, Andre Lefevere. Translation, History, Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987
[6] Luo Shiping. A Research on English Idioms. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006
[7] Li Yuping. English Idioms and their Cultural Origin. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008
[8] Yin Li. English-Chinese Idioms and Folk Culture. Beijing: Bejing university Press, 2007
[9] Zhang Yajun. A Kaleidoscope of Chinese Culture. Beijing: Sinolingua, 2008\
[10] 李云(Li Yun).《新编大学翻译教程》. 北京：世界知识出版社, 2007 [11] 马爱英(Ma Aiying).《中英文化翻译》. 北京：科学出版社, 2006
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板精选3篇
论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要，以便读者一翻提要就知道书的`大概内容，下面是我为大家推荐的3篇英语教学毕业论文的提纲模板，希望大家喜欢!
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板一
Abstract 5-6
摘要 7-9
1. Introduction 9-11
Background of the Research 9
Significance of the Research 9-10
Structure of the thesis 10-11
2. Literature Review 11-19
Some Attempts to Define expert and novice teacher 11-13
An overview of studies on teaching behaviors 13-16
An overview of the characteristics of expert teachers' teaching behaviors 16
Limitations of the Previous Studies 16
Theoretical bases 16-19
3. Research Design 19-25
Subjects 19-20
Observed teaching tasks 20-21
Classification of English teachers’ teaching behaviors 21-22
Research method 22-24
Research Procedures 24-25
4. Data Analysis and Discussion 25-51
Diversity in Speech Presentation behavior 25-33
Diversity in Text Presentation 33-38
Diversity in Action Presentation (body language) 38-40
Diversity in interaction behavior 40-51
5. Conclusions and Implications 51-55
Conclusions 51-53
Pedagogical Implications 53-54
Limitations and recommendations for the Further Research 54-55
Acknowledgments 55-56
References 56-59
Appendix I Classroom observation worksheet of teaching behavior 59-61
Appendix II 唐卫海提问行为类别观察表 61-62
Appendix III 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文 62
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板二
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-7
Tables 7-10
1. Introduction 10-14
Research Questions 11
The purpose and significance of this research 11-12
Layout of thesis 12-14
2. Literature Review 14-24
The concept and connotation of teaching journal 15-17
The Content of teaching journal 17-20
Reflective level 20
The styles of teaching journal 20-24
Design 24-26
Purpose of Research 24
Subjects 24
Instruments 24-25
Procesures of research 25
Data collection 25-26
4. Results and Discussions 26-52
Results and discussions of quesionnaire 26-32
The writing differences between teachers of differnet professional ranks on reflective content and reflective level 32-45
The writing differences between teachers of different genders on reflective content and reflective level 45-52
5. Methods to Improve Teachers' Reflective Ability 52-56
Problems in the process of reflection 52-53
The ways to improve teachers' reflective ability 53-56
6. Conclusion 56-58
Present findings 56
Limitations 56-57
Suggestions for future research 57-58
Acknowledgements 58-60
Bibliography 60-64
Appendix 64-65
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板三
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-8
1. Introduction 8-12
Research background 8
Significance of the study 8-10
Organization of thesis 10-12
2. Literature Review 12-22
Language learning strategies 12-15
Definition of the language learning strategies 12-13
Classification of learning strategies 13-14
Studies on learning strategies 14-15
Language learning styles 15-18
Definition of language learning style 15
Classification of language learning style 15-17
Studies on language learning style 17-18
Learning strategies training 18-19
. Review of the relationship of learning strategies and learning styles 19-22
3. Methodology 22-33
Purposes 22
Hypotheses 22
Research participants 22-23
Instruments of the research 23-24
Questionnaire 23
Observation 23-24
Procedures 24-33
Pre-treatment questionnaire 24-25
Language learning strategy training instruction 25-30
Post-treatment questionnaire 30-33
4. Results and Discussion 33-47
Results of the questionnaire 33-43
The results of the T-test in pre-treatment questionnaire 37-40
The results of the T-test in post-treatment questionnaire 40-43
Discussion 43-47
The senior high school students’ learning styles were expanded with the help of learning strategy training 44
The variety of learning styles helps the students to learn better with different learning tasks 44-45
The learning strategies help the students learn better, more easily and actively33 45-47
5. Conclusion 47-49
Major findings 47-48
The learning styles of the senior high students were tended to be various 47-48
The language learning strategy training can expand or even changethe language learning styles 48
Limitations and recommendations for further study 48-49
Acknowledgements 49-51
Bibliography 51-55
Appendix 55-61
AppendixA 关于英语学习风格的问卷调查 55-59
AppendixB 英语学习策略培训观察量表 59-60
AppendixC Listening Material 60-61
英语专业的论文提纲模板
导语：在毕业论文的.写作过程中，指导教师一般都要求学生编写提纲。从写作程序上讲，它是作者动笔行文前的必要准备；从提纲本身来讲，它是作者构思谋篇的具体体现。下面我整理了英语专业的论文提纲模板，欢迎参考借鉴！
Chapter One Influencing Factors of Creative Treason
Background of Gone with the Wind
Author's Life and Emotional Experience
Development of the Feminist Movement
Influence of Economic Crisis
Background of the Translator
Reader's Expectations and the Ability to Accept
Chapter Two Creative Treason and Translator Style
Selection and Use of Words
Symbolthe Usage of Idioms
Symbolthe Usage of Reduplication
Structure and Modalitythe Usage of Parallel Construction
' Logic and Combination
's Device and Style
's Transition
, Slangs and Fixed Collocations
Identity
of Narrative Style
Chapter Three The Limitation of Translator Style
Chapter Four The Sociality of Creative Treason
Significance
Significance
' Effort
Conclusion
This article conclusion
Creative treason develops a new domain for literary translation. In this thesis, thebackground of main factors was taken as the entry point. Through analyzing thebackground of tiie original, translator and readers we got the result that affected byvarious factors especially different background the creative treason in literary translationis objective and inevitable. By reason of existence of creative treason, it is possible toform the unique translation style in the translation process. Based on parsing FuDonghua's version of Gone with the Wind,this study analyzes translator style from sixaspects and has proved the existence of translator style. Retoning to the ultimate purposemotivation of translation, we should affirm that the translation work which is in theframework of the original and makes recreations for the need of target readers is thehigh-quality one.
Behind two literary works are two different languages, behind two languages are twodifferent cultures,after discussing the translator style which is based on the languageexchange we should see the most fundamental factor is the cultural differences, which isone of the social significance of creative treason. Just as Escarpit states, all thetranslations are the result of creative treason. So the social significance of translation isalso creative treason V In the process of social development the role of translation can notbe replaced and the creative treason's function should be paid more attention to. For theexistence of creative treason, we can not ignore the hard work and efforts the translatorsdo,it should be folly admitted and respected.
In addition to translation activities, in the field of other social life, we can still findthe creative treason. There are some subjective factors which are mixed into theunderstanding and judgment of object,that's why different people have differentcognitions for the same thing. Therefore, in the process of recognizing the world creativetreason always exists- This can be the new point of creative treason's socialization, enrichthe connotation of the concept and extend the social significance of creative treason.
英语毕业论文提纲模板
紧张又充实的`大学生活即将结束，毕业前要通过最后的毕业论文，毕业论文是一种有准备的检验学生学习成果的形式，毕业论文应该怎么写才好呢？以下是我整理的英语毕业论文提纲模板，希望能够帮助到大家。
Acknowledgements 4-6
Contents 6-10
List of Figures 10-12
List of Tables 12-20
Abstract 20-22
摘要 23-25
Chapter 1 Introduction 25-32
Purpose of the study and research questions 28-29
Significance of the study 29-30
Organization of the study 30-31
A note on terminology 31-32
Chapter 2 Literature review 32-51
T/TP and coherence in English writing 32-35
Defining coherence 32-33
T/TP as means to realize coherence 33-35
T/TP in EFL/ESL writing 35-42
T/TP and coherence in EFL/ESL writing 35-37
T/TP in EFL/ESL writing as compared to NS writing 37-42
T/TP in English research articles by EFL/ESL scholars 42-44
The factors that influence T/TP in EFL/ESL writing 44-47
Training in T/TP 47-49
Summary 49-51
Chapter 3 Theoretical background 51-70
Systemic Functional Grammar 51-55
Five dimensions of language as a semiotic system 51-53
Three metafunctions of language as a functional system 53-54
Three lines of meaning from metafunctions 54-55
Theme and thematic progression 55-70
Theme 56-62
Thematic progression 62-70
Chapter 4 Research Design 70-88
The participants and the educational context 70-73
Background of the participants and the participating school 70
The allocation of participants to the training 70-71
The sample sizes 71-72
The pilot study 72-73
The interventional procedures 73-74
The questionnaire 74-75
The training 75-80
Considerations behind the training 75-76
The training material 76-79
The role of the researcher as the trainer 79-80
Data analysis 80-86
Analysis of the writing 80-86
Analysis of the questionnaire 86
Ethical considerations 86-88
Informed consent 86-87
Anonymity 87
Harm 87-88
Chapter 5 Results and analysis of pre-training writing 88-115
Comparison of Themes in EEL pre-training writing and CEL pre-writing 88-102
Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 88-91
Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 91-95
Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 95-100
Interpersonal Themes 100-102
Comparison of thematic progression in EEL pre-training writing and CEL pre-writing 102-110
Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 102-107
Back,contextual and new Themes 107-110
Summary 110-115
Chapter 6 Results and analysis of post-training writing 115-137
Comparison of Themes in EEL post-training writing and CEL post-writing 115-129
Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 115-117
Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 117-121
Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 121-126
Interpersonal Themes 126-129
Comparison of thematic progression in EEL post-training writing and CEL post-writing 129-132
Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 129-131
Back,contextual and new Themes 131-132
Summary 132-137
Chapter 7 Results and analysis of pre- and post- training writing 137-155
Comparison of Themes in pre- and post- training writing 137-147
Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 137-139
Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 139-142
Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 142-145
Interpersonal Themes 145-147
Comparison of thematic progression in pre- and post- training writing 147-150
Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 147-149
Back,contextual and new Themes 149-150
Summary 150-155
Chapter 8 Results and analysis of the questionnaire 155-165
Findings from closed questions 155-160
EEL participants' general attitude to training on T/TP 155-157
EEL participants' perception of the usefulness of the training on T/TP 157-158
EEL participants' perception of the learnability of T/TP 158-159
EEL participants' perception of the applicability of T/TP in writing 159-160
Findings from open questions 160-164
The changes that occurred 161-162
The perceived difficulty of applying the theory of T/TP in writing 162-163
The reasons for the perceived difficulty in learning 163
EEL participants' suggestions for future training 163-164
Summary 164-165
Chapter 9 Discussion 165-195
Findings with regard to research questions 165-187
Chinese college students' use of T/TP in pre-training writing 165-172
Chinese college students' use of T/TP in post-training writing 172-181
Effects of the training on T/TP in Chinese college students' English writing 181-187
Positioning the study within the literature 187-190
T/TP in Chinese college students' English writing 187-189
Effects of training on Chinese college students' use of T/TP 189-190
Implications 190-194
Pedagogical implication 190-193
Methodological implication 193-194
Limitations 194-195
Chapter 10 Conclusion 195-200
Summary 195-197
Putting everything together 197-199
Suggestions for future work 199-200
Notes 200-202
References 202-214
Appendix 1: Plan for the interventional procedures 214-215
Appendix 2: The post-training questionnaire 215-217
Appendix 3: Training material 217-229
Appendix 4: Teachers' guide to the training 229-237
Appendix 5: Consent form for EEL group 237-238
Appendix 6: Consent form for CEL group 238-239
Appendix 7: Consent form for NS group 239
中文摘要 3-4
ABSTRACT 4
Chapter One Introduction 7-10
Motivation of the present study 7-8
Significance of this study 8
Composition of this thesis 8-10
Chapter Two Literature Review 10-19
Language production 10-14
L1 Production 10-11
L2 Production 11-12
Dimensions of language production 12-14
Theories on oral output 14-15
Skehan’s dual-model system 14
Swain’s Output Hypothesis 14-15
Task Repetition 15-17
Task 15-16
Task repetition 16-17
Relevant studies on effects of task repetition on L2 oral output 17-19
CHARPTER THREE THE CURRENT STUDY 19-25
Research justification and questions 19
Hypothesis 19-20
Methods 20-25
Participants 20-21
Material 21
Research design 21-23
Measures 23-25
Chapter Four Results and Discussion 25-41
Results and Analysis 25-34
Quantitative analysis 25-27
Qualitative analysis 27-34
Discussion 34-41
Fluency 34-36
Complexity 36-38
Accuracy 38-39
interlanguage development path of learner L 39-41
Chapter Five Conclusions 41-44
Conclusion and implication 41-43
Limitations and recommendations 43-44
Acknowledgements 44-45
References 45-49
Appendixes 49-54
A. Instructions of the experiment 49-50
B. The same-content task 50-51
C. The different-content task 51-52
D. Sample of oral pre-task 52-53
E. Sample of oral post-task 53-54
F. Sample of writing repetition task 54
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
Research Background
Significance of the Study
Research Goals and Questions
Data Collection and Methodology
Analysis Procedures
Organization of the Thesis
Chapter 2 Literature Review
Introduction to Appraisal Theory
Studies on Appraisal Theory
Studies on Appraisal Theory Abroad
Studies on Appraisal Theory at Home
Studies on Personal Statements
Introduction to Personal Statement
Summary
Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework
An Overview of Attitude System
Affect Resources
Judgment Resources
Social Esteem
Social Sanction
Appreciation Resources
Interactions of Affect, Judgment and Appreciation
Borders of Affect, Judgment and Appreciation
Summary
Appendix 1: Papers Published during Graduate Studies
Appendix 2: Some Samples of the Study
References
Acknowledgements
英文论文提纲范文
在各领域中，大家最不陌生的就是论文了吧，论文是讨论某种问题或研究某种问题的`文章。你知道论文怎样写才规范吗？以下是我精心整理的英文论文提纲范文，希望能够帮助到大家。
论文的规格：正文长度5,500-8,500单词。
使用的语言：英语
论文分题目、引言、正文、参考文献、致谢等部分。
引文要注明出处。直接引用要加引号，间接引文要以转述的方式出现。然后以括号把引文来源写清楚：(作者名，年份，引文所在页码)
论文正文部分：
1、题目大写，三号字，新时代罗马字，大写下面可写一个附标题，4号字;
2、作者名，5号字，班级，学号
3、指导教师名，5号字，职称
4、摘要：用300词，5号字，英文一页，中文一页
5、关键词：不能用专有名词，词与词之间空四格(或一个tab键)，不加标点符号
6、正文：用5号字，
大部分标题用5号字黑体、小部分、小小部分。大部分用罗马字，小不分用一般数字符号：
引言：引入正题，不超过2段
i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x.
ii. , , , , …
iii. , , , , , / . …
结论
7、参考文献(bibliography)：先英文，后中文
作者名，出版年月，文章名/书刊名，出版社，地点
8、致谢(acknowledgement)
英语毕业论文提纲范例：
题目：基于语料库的英语不规则动词过去式的社会语言学变异研究
Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1 Literature Review
General Studies of English Irregular Verbs
Studies of the Variations of Irregular Verbs
Summary
Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework
Foundational Studies of Variationist Sociolinguistics
Variationist Sociolinguistics: Key Concepts and the Principle of Accountability
Analytical Methods in Variationist Sociolinguistics
Summary
Chapter 3 Diachronic Change of PTFs of Irregular Verbs in COHA
Methodology and Data Visualization
Data Analysis
Discussion and Conclusions
Summary
Chapter 4 Synchronic Variation of PTFs of Irregular Verbs
Introduction and Data
Principle Components Analysis
Register Variation of PTF of Irregular Verbs in BNCweb
User-related Variation of PTFs of Irregular Verbs in BNCweb
Discussion and Conclusions
Summary
Conclusion
Bibliography
Acknowledgements
英文论文提纲范文
在各领域中，大家最不陌生的就是论文了吧，论文是讨论某种问题或研究某种问题的`文章。你知道论文怎样写才规范吗？以下是我精心整理的英文论文提纲范文，希望能够帮助到大家。
论文的规格：正文长度5,500-8,500单词。
使用的语言：英语
论文分题目、引言、正文、参考文献、致谢等部分。
引文要注明出处。直接引用要加引号，间接引文要以转述的方式出现。然后以括号把引文来源写清楚：(作者名，年份，引文所在页码)
论文正文部分：
1、题目大写，三号字，新时代罗马字，大写下面可写一个附标题，4号字;
2、作者名，5号字，班级，学号
3、指导教师名，5号字，职称
4、摘要：用300词，5号字，英文一页，中文一页
5、关键词：不能用专有名词，词与词之间空四格(或一个tab键)，不加标点符号
6、正文：用5号字，
大部分标题用5号字黑体、小部分、小小部分。大部分用罗马字，小不分用一般数字符号：
引言：引入正题，不超过2段
i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x.
ii. , , , , …
iii. , , , , , / . …
结论
7、参考文献(bibliography)：先英文，后中文
作者名，出版年月，文章名/书刊名，出版社，地点
8、致谢(acknowledgement)
英语毕业论文提纲范例：
题目：基于语料库的英语不规则动词过去式的社会语言学变异研究
Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1 Literature Review
General Studies of English Irregular Verbs
Studies of the Variations of Irregular Verbs
Summary
Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework
Foundational Studies of Variationist Sociolinguistics
Variationist Sociolinguistics: Key Concepts and the Principle of Accountability
Analytical Methods in Variationist Sociolinguistics
Summary
Chapter 3 Diachronic Change of PTFs of Irregular Verbs in COHA
Methodology and Data Visualization
Data Analysis
Discussion and Conclusions
Summary
Chapter 4 Synchronic Variation of PTFs of Irregular Verbs
Introduction and Data
Principle Components Analysis
Register Variation of PTF of Irregular Verbs in BNCweb
User-related Variation of PTFs of Irregular Verbs in BNCweb
Discussion and Conclusions
Summary
Conclusion
Bibliography
Acknowledgements
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板精选3篇
论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要，以便读者一翻提要就知道书的`大概内容，下面是我为大家推荐的3篇英语教学毕业论文的提纲模板，希望大家喜欢!
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板一
Abstract 5-6
摘要 7-9
1. Introduction 9-11
Background of the Research 9
Significance of the Research 9-10
Structure of the thesis 10-11
2. Literature Review 11-19
Some Attempts to Define expert and novice teacher 11-13
An overview of studies on teaching behaviors 13-16
An overview of the characteristics of expert teachers' teaching behaviors 16
Limitations of the Previous Studies 16
Theoretical bases 16-19
3. Research Design 19-25
Subjects 19-20
Observed teaching tasks 20-21
Classification of English teachers’ teaching behaviors 21-22
Research method 22-24
Research Procedures 24-25
4. Data Analysis and Discussion 25-51
Diversity in Speech Presentation behavior 25-33
Diversity in Text Presentation 33-38
Diversity in Action Presentation (body language) 38-40
Diversity in interaction behavior 40-51
5. Conclusions and Implications 51-55
Conclusions 51-53
Pedagogical Implications 53-54
Limitations and recommendations for the Further Research 54-55
Acknowledgments 55-56
References 56-59
Appendix I Classroom observation worksheet of teaching behavior 59-61
Appendix II 唐卫海提问行为类别观察表 61-62
Appendix III 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文 62
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板二
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-7
Tables 7-10
1. Introduction 10-14
Research Questions 11
The purpose and significance of this research 11-12
Layout of thesis 12-14
2. Literature Review 14-24
The concept and connotation of teaching journal 15-17
The Content of teaching journal 17-20
Reflective level 20
The styles of teaching journal 20-24
Design 24-26
Purpose of Research 24
Subjects 24
Instruments 24-25
Procesures of research 25
Data collection 25-26
4. Results and Discussions 26-52
Results and discussions of quesionnaire 26-32
The writing differences between teachers of differnet professional ranks on reflective content and reflective level 32-45
The writing differences between teachers of different genders on reflective content and reflective level 45-52
5. Methods to Improve Teachers' Reflective Ability 52-56
Problems in the process of reflection 52-53
The ways to improve teachers' reflective ability 53-56
6. Conclusion 56-58
Present findings 56
Limitations 56-57
Suggestions for future research 57-58
Acknowledgements 58-60
Bibliography 60-64
Appendix 64-65
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板三
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-8
1. Introduction 8-12
Research background 8
Significance of the study 8-10
Organization of thesis 10-12
2. Literature Review 12-22
Language learning strategies 12-15
Definition of the language learning strategies 12-13
Classification of learning strategies 13-14
Studies on learning strategies 14-15
Language learning styles 15-18
Definition of language learning style 15
Classification of language learning style 15-17
Studies on language learning style 17-18
Learning strategies training 18-19
. Review of the relationship of learning strategies and learning styles 19-22
3. Methodology 22-33
Purposes 22
Hypotheses 22
Research participants 22-23
Instruments of the research 23-24
Questionnaire 23
Observation 23-24
Procedures 24-33
Pre-treatment questionnaire 24-25
Language learning strategy training instruction 25-30
Post-treatment questionnaire 30-33
4. Results and Discussion 33-47
Results of the questionnaire 33-43
The results of the T-test in pre-treatment questionnaire 37-40
The results of the T-test in post-treatment questionnaire 40-43
Discussion 43-47
The senior high school students’ learning styles were expanded with the help of learning strategy training 44
The variety of learning styles helps the students to learn better with different learning tasks 44-45
The learning strategies help the students learn better, more easily and actively33 45-47
5. Conclusion 47-49
Major findings 47-48
The learning styles of the senior high students were tended to be various 47-48
The language learning strategy training can expand or even changethe language learning styles 48
Limitations and recommendations for further study 48-49
Acknowledgements 49-51
Bibliography 51-55
Appendix 55-61
AppendixA 关于英语学习风格的问卷调查 55-59
AppendixB 英语学习策略培训观察量表 59-60
AppendixC Listening Material 60-61
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板
所谓论文提纲，是指论文作者动笔行文前的必要准备，是论文构思谋篇的具体体现。构思谋篇是指组织设计毕业论文的篇章结构，以便论文作者可以根据论文提纲安排材料素材、对课题论文展开论证。下面我以英语教育专业毕业论文提纲为例，为大家介绍论文提纲的写法。
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板一
摘要 2-3
Abstract 3
引言 6-13
一、研究的背景 6-7
二、文献综述 7-11
(一) 国外研究状况 7-9
(二) 国内研究状况 9-11
三、研究方法 11-12
四、创新之处 12-13
第一章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论思考 13-22
一、相关概念的界定 13
二、小学高年级实施英语语篇整体性教学的必要性 13-14
(一) 小学高年级学生心理发展的特点 13
(二) 小学高年级英语语篇的特点 13-14
三、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论基础 14-18
(一) 心理学中的整体性原则 14-15
(二) 心理学中的认知理论 15-16
(三) 三种阅读教学模式 16-18
四、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的主要类型 18-22
(一) 对话类语篇整体性教学要素 18-19
(二) 故事类语篇整体性教学要素 19-22
第二章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂模式实施的现状调研 22-38
一、调研设计 22-23
(一) 调研对象 22
(二) 调研方法 22
(三) 调研内容 22-23
二、对小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学推进情况的调研 23-38
(一) 对语篇整体性教学实施态度的调研 23-25
(二) 对语篇整体性教学实施过程的调研 25-27
(三) 对语篇整体性教学实施效果的调研 27-34
(四)对语篇整体性教学实施困惑的调研 34-38
第三章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学调研的问题及原因分析 38-46
一、在实施语篇整体性教学过程中存在的问题 38-41
(一) 过于重视“整体”，完全放弃了 “局部”知识点学习 38-39
(二)为了体现“学生主体”，大胆放弃“教师主导” 39-40
(三)误解“阅读语篇”的意义，变成“反复朗读语篇” 40
(四)为了“整体情境”，拘泥于“单一情境” 40
(五)为了“立足语篇”，拒绝“适当有效拓展” 40-41
二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学问题产生原因的分析 41-46
第四章 优化小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的途径 46-54
一、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂实施的原则 46-51
(一) 整体理解为主,细节理解为辅 46-48
(二) 语感训练为主,语法理解为辅 48-50
(三) 思维训练为主,知识技能掌握为辅 50-51
二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的策略研究 51-54
(一) 确立明确的教学目标 51
(二) 分配合理的预习任务 51-52
(三) 关注有效的情景创设 52
(四) 把握清晰的主线设置 52
(五) 关注丰富的拓展阅读 52-54
结语 54-55
参考文献 55-59
致谢 59-60
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板二
Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures
Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX
Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-Chinese\Chinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)
Key Words: idioms; culture; translation
论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译
摘要 :著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要，
因为词语只有在其作用的'文化背景下才有意义。”也就是说，翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱，专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近20年来，习语翻译大多强调语际的交流，而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异，进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法，并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文，选择与原文风格，意思相符的翻译;文化是一种生活方式，文化在变化，出现新的习语，习语翻译要与时俱进。
关键词： 习语;文化;翻译
1. Introduction
Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression
that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)
2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms
The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms Geographical Conditions
The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.
Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of
Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)
For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会
Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进
A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)
On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴，对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......". Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯，海枯石烂，海阔天空，海底捞针，海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)
History
The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms
Colours
Numbers
3. Methods of Idiom Translation
Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:
Literal Translation
Free Translation
Translation with Notes
Replacement with Similar Idioms
The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning
A Combination of Literal and Free Translation
4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation
5. Conclusion
One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others' feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)
References
[*] 作者. 书名(英语的斜体). (出版地：)出版社，年份：参考内容页码 [*] 作者. 文章名(英语的斜体). 刊物名称. (出版地：)出版社，年份
[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press,2008
[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xi'an: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007
[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982
[4] Nida Eugene. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993
[5] Susan Bassnett, Andre Lefevere. Translation, History, Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987
[6] Luo Shiping. A Research on English Idioms. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006
[7] Li Yuping. English Idioms and their Cultural Origin. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008
[8] Yin Li. English-Chinese Idioms and Folk Culture. Beijing: Bejing university Press, 2007
[9] Zhang Yajun. A Kaleidoscope of Chinese Culture. Beijing: Sinolingua, 2008\
[10] 李云(Li Yun).《新编大学翻译教程》. 北京：世界知识出版社, 2007 [11] 马爱英(Ma Aiying).《中英文化翻译》. 北京：科学出版社, 2006
毕业论文提纲（范文）：
标题：论中学教师对新课程改革的不适应性及应对策略
［摘要］ 基础教育新课程改革缘起于社会发展与课程功能滞后、素质教育与课程运作流弊、价值转型与课程旨趣单向等方面的矛盾动因。
在这种背景下的新课程改革，给中小学教师带来了很大的不适，主要有教师的角色转换、教师的视角转换、教师的教学方式、学生的学习方式等方面所引起的心里不适，针对新课程改革中教师这些心理不适，给出教师的自身努力、学校的策略和社会支持等三种应对策略。
［关键词］基础教育；新课程改革；教师；心里不适；应对策略
［引言］：随着新课程改革的进行，也有很多的专家、教师意识到了这个问题，并对它展开了研究。但由于传统教育它的真的是根深蒂固，要想一下子改变是非常难，研究也没有太深入的进行。因为课程的改革是势在必行的，教师只有去适应它的变化，适应社会的发展，才能让自己更好的发展。
那么，跟着这个趋势，我们的研究将会越来越来剥出真相，更能掌握住新课程改革的真是目的，提高我国的教育质量和水平。本文主要就对教师的这些心理不适应进行分析，并提出一些相应的应对策略，总结其经验教训，以此给一些处在这种状况下的教师做些参考。
［正文］
一引言
基础教育新课程改革时代背景
社会发展与课程功能滞后
素质教育与课程运作流弊
价值转型与课程旨趣单向
二教师对新课程改革的不适应性
教师对由居高临下向平等融洽的角色转变的心里不适
教师对视角的转换的不适应
教师对新的教学方式的心里不适
教师对学生的新学习方式的心里不适应
教师对自我的心里不适
三应对新课程改革中教师心理不适的策略
教师的自身努力层面
教师要关注自身在新课改中的教师转换
提高教学监控能力
正视自己，提高自信，完善自我
学校策略层面
学校管理策略
学校的培训策略
学校的交流策略
社会支持层面
加快教师专业化进程
建立科学的教师评价体系
要理解和尊重教师
四结束语
附：提纲编写要求
1.合理的项目
一般在论文题目之下，编写出两个或三个层次的小项目。
2.采用有效地编写论文提纲的方法
其方法主要是：
（1)拟定标题，即自己给论文起名字。它要求标题能传内容之神，名副其实，使读者看了一眼便知。
（2)考虑构篇大小和顺序安排，既考虑全篇从哪几个方面，或按什么顺序展开、阐述基本论点，又逐个安排每个论点，再依次考虑每段的安排，把准备使用的材料按构思的顺序标上序码并排列好，以备行文时使用。
（3)全面、反复地检查提纲，作必要的增、减或调整。
3.编写内容详简适当的论文提纲
提纲分简单提纲和详细提纲两种。简单提纲的内容只包括论文题目、下位论点。而详细提纲除此之外，还包括论证下位论点的各种证据。一般说来，宜编写详细提纲。因为编写这种提纲，一则能帮助自己全面地进行谋篇布局，二则能帮助自己在写作过程中有条不紊地进行。
论文提纲格式与范文（精选6篇）
当代，论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章，简称之为论文。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段，又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。下面是我整理的论文提纲格式与范文，欢迎大家分享。
标题：论中学教师对新课程改革的不适应性及应对策略
ХХХ(井冈山大学化学化工学院，江西吉安343009)
指导老师：ХХХХХ
[摘要]基础教育新课程改革缘起于社会发展与课程功能滞后、素质教育与课程运作流弊、价值转型与课程旨趣单向等方面的矛盾动因。在这种背景下的新课程改革，给中小学教师带来了很大的不适，主要有教师的角色转换、教师的视角转换、教师的教学方式、学生的学习方式等方面所引起的心里不适，针对新课程改革中教师这些心理不适,给出教师的自身努力、学校的策略和社会支持等三种应对策略。
[关键词]基础教育;新课程改革;教师;心里不适;应对策略
[引言]：随着新课程改革的进行，也有很多的专家、教师意识到了这个问题，并对它展开了研究。但由于传统教育它的真的是根深蒂固，要想一下子改变是非常难，研究也没有太深入的进行。因为课程的改革是势在必行的，教师只有去适应它的变化，适应社会的发展，才能让自己更好的发展。那么，跟着这个趋势，我们的研究将会越来越来剥出真相，更能掌握住新课程改革的真是目的，提高我国的教育质量和水平。本文主要就对教师的这些心理不适应进行分析，并提出一些相应的应对策略，总结其经验教训，以此给一些处在这种状况下的教师做些参考。
[正文]
一引言
基础教育新课程改革时代背景
社会发展与课程功能滞后
素质教育与课程运作流弊
价值转型与课程旨趣单向
二教师对新课程改革的不适应性
教师对由居高临下向平等融洽的角色转变的心里不适
教师对视角的转换的不适应
教师对新的教学方式的心里不适
教师对学生的新学习方式的心里不适应
教师对自我的心里不适
三应对新课程改革中教师心理不适的策略
教师的自身努力层面
教师要关注自身在新课改中的教师转换
提高教学监控能力
正视自己，提高自信，完善自我
学校策略层面
学校管理策略
学校的培训策略
学校的交流策略
社会支持层面
加快教师专业化进程
建立科学的教师评价体系
要理解和尊重教师
四结束语
致谢
参考文献[1][2][3]
1绪论
选题背景
研究意义
论文研究内容和研宄范围
可能的创新与不足
2国内外相关文献综述
公司财务特征与财务重述的关系
公司治理与财务重述的关系
财务重述动因
财务重述经济后果
文献评述与启示
3概念界定、理论基础与研宄假设
概念界定
财务重述概念的界定
债务融资概念的界定
理论基础
委托代理理论
信息不对称理论
行为学理论
研宄假设
融资需求和财务报告重述的关系
财务报告重述对债务融资的影响
4实证研究设计
融资需求与财务重述相关关系研宄
样本选取
数据搜集
变量定义
模型设定
描述性统计与差异分析
自变量相关性检验
回归分析
财务重述与债务融资相关关系研究
样本选取
变量定义
模型设定
描述性统计与差异分析
自变量相关性检验
线性回归分析
5研究结论、政策建议和研究展望
研宄结论
政策建议
健全监管制度，加大处罚力度，落实赔偿责任制度
完善公司内部治理结构
研宄展望
本文结论
本文以2008-2013年制造行业上市公司的财务重述现象为研究对象，首先对重述企业按照一定规则设置配比样本，然后采用独立样本T检验和线性回归的方法检验了融资需求与财务报告重述之间的关系以及重述公告的发布对债务融资规模的影响。通过本文的分析，可以得出以下结论：
首先，我国制造业上市公司财务重述具有一定的普遍性和频发性。在2008-2013年间，共有541家上市公司进行财务重述，在六年间有90家上市公司发布过3次以上更正或差错调整公告，其中深中华A、廊坊发展和亚星化学在六年间发布了5次财务重述公告，这充分说明有相当一部分上市公司频繁发生财务重述，可以看出其重述的动机很可能是进行盈余操纵、粉饰财务报表。
其次，通过对重述企业和配比企业进行独立样本T检验可以发现，重述企业的融资需求显着大于配比企业，以财务重述作为被解释变量、以融资需求作为解释变量进行logistic回归，融资需求与财务重述显着正相关。该实证检验结果证实了本文的假设，即当企业流动资金不足时，企业就有了以低成本进行融资的需求，此时管理层倾向于修改财务数据以粉饰财务报表，当被注册会计师或监管机构发现时再以临时公告的形式进行差错更正或追溯调整，因而融资需求显着增加了财务重述的可能性。
再次，己有研究表明财务重述会损害股东价值，造成负的市场反应，因此在控制了公司财务特征和公司治理特征之后，预计债权人会对发生财务重述的企业的会计信息质量产生怀疑，为了规避风险会减少对重述企业的贷款。实证结果支持了上述假设，上市公司的财务重述损害了会计信息质量，增加了与债权人与重述公司之间的信息不对称，加大了债权人的风险，为了保护自身利益不受损害，债权人会减少对重述企业的贷款。
最后，从融资需求一财务重述一债务融资规模二者的联动关系上看，融资需求驱动了企业的财务重述行为，但是财务重述后债权人（例如银行）会根据该行为识别出其潜在的风险，从而减少对企业的投资，使得重述企业的后续融资更加困难。可见，投资者通过财务重述行为可以识别出潜在的风险，上市公司应慎重考虑财务重述的得与失。
第一章引言
第一节研究背景及意义
一、研究背景
二、研究意义
第二节国内外研究现状
一、国外研究现状
二、国内研究现状
三、国内外研究评述
第三节研究思路与方法
一、研究思路
二、研究方法
第四节可能的创新
一、可能的创新
二、存在的不足
第二章中国住房供求现状分析
第一节中国住房需求总量分析
一、住房需求的界定
二、住房需求总量测算方法
三、城镇人口测算
四、城镇住房需求
第二节中国住房供给总量及供求均衡分析
一、中国住房供给总量
二、中国住房供求均衡分析
第三章中国保障房供给数量优化
第一节当前我国保障房合理供给量的测算
一、当前我国保障房对象的界定
二、当前我国保障房合理供给量的测算
第二节中国保障房供给数量优化
一、商品房与保障房的需求特征
二、基于住房可支付性视角的商品房与保障房需求群体划分
第四章中国保障房来源结构与配置模式优化
第一节中国保障房来源结构优化
一、部分商品房转化为保障房的必要性
二、商品房转化为保障房的可行途径
第二节中国保障房配置模式优化
一、当前保障房配置模式及存在的问题
二、保障房配置模式优化
第五章中国保障房体系优化中的融资风险控制
第一节中国保障房融资风险与传导机制
一、中国保障房融资模式
二、中国保障房融资风险
三、保障房融资风险传导机制
第二节不同保障模式下中国保障房融资风险比较
一、租售并举模式下保障房资金需求
二、纯租金补贴模式下住房保障资金需求
三、基于财政负担与可清偿能力的保障房融资风险
第三节中国保障房融资风险控制
二、保障房资金使用：高效率
第六章结论与展望
第一节研究结论
第二节研究展望
本文结论
本文从保障房体系优化的一般分析入手，在对我国保障房合理供给量、来源结构与配置模式进行系统分析的基础上，动态研究我国保障房体系优化与风险控制问题，得出三点结论，同时提出未来中国保障房的发展以及理论研究方向。
题目 《辩护律师执业权利保障机制研究》
一、辩护律师执业权利保障机制的理论途释
（一）辩护律师执业权利之界定
1.辩护律师执业权利的内涵
2.辩护律师执业权利的种类及特征
（二）辩护律师执业权利保障机制的概念与构成
1.辩护律师执业权利保障机制的概念
2.辩护律师执业权利保障机制的构成
（三）构建辩护律师执业权利保障机制的重要性
二、辩护律师执业权利保障机制的域外考察与启示
（―）域外辩护律师执业权利及其保障
1.域外辩护律师基本执业权利及其保障
2.域外辩护律师执业的保障性权利
（二）域外辩护律师执业权利保障的配套制度
1.司法审查制度
2.程序性裁判机制
（三）域外辩护律师执业权利保障机制的启示
1.对辩护律师执业权利的保障比较充分
2.赋予辩护律师执业豁免权
3.建立了较为完善的配套制度
三、我国辩护律师执业权利保障机制的实证分析
（―）我国辩护律师执业权利保障机制的现状
1.立法现状
2.司法实践现状
（二）辩护律师执业权利保障机制存在的问题
1.《宪法》对辩护律师执业权利保障缺失
2.立法规定过于笼统
3.《刑法》第306条的羁绊
4.辩护律师执业权利缺乏制度保障和法律救济
5.法律职业共同体缺失
四、完善我国辩护律师执业权利保障机制的若干构想
（―）建议废除《刑法》306条
（二）完善辩护律师执业豁免制度
（三）建立法律职业资格转换制度
（四）建立刑事司法审查制度
（五）探索建立以人大内务司法委员会为主的争议解决机制
（六）强化律师行业自身维权机制
（七）完骞侵犯辩护律师权利的程序性制裁机制
结语
如果把刑事辩护律师跟司法办案机关的博弈比作一场拳击竞技，那么辩护一方就是一个发育尚不健全的小个子，其对手控诉一方则是腰圆体宽的大力士，而且这个大力士还同时充当着裁判者的身份，随时可以叫停甚至把小个子对手判罚出局。这是一个多么“有意思”的场景啊！但这就是当前中国刑事辩护律师的现实困境。当然，从历史的角度看，这种现象已经是中国历史上难得一见的了，在清末以前，这是不可想象的。凭心而论，应该说现在己经是中国辩护律师处于历史上从未有过的“美好时刻”了。在科学、经济、法律如此高速发展的时代，我们有什么理由来悲观地看待“大状”们的未来发展前景呢！可以预料在不久的将来，随着中国特色社会主义建设历程的不断推进，刑事辩护律师的地位会日益重要，刑事辩护的各种体制机制会日益完善，辩护律师的专业素养也会日益提高。如果把刑事辩护律师跟司法办案机关的博弈比作一场拳击竞技，那么辩护一方就是一个发育尚不健全的小个子，其对手控诉一方则是腰圆体宽的大力士，而且这个大力士还同时充当着裁判者的身份，随时可以叫停甚至把小个子对手判罚出局。这是一个多么“有意思”的场景啊！但这就是当前中国刑事辩护律师的现实困境。当然，从历史的角度看，这种现象已经是中国历史上难得一见的了，在清末以前，这是不可想象的。凭心而论，应该说现在己经是中国辩护律师处于历史上从未有过的“美好时刻”了。在科学、经济、法律如此高速发展的时代，我们有什么理由来悲观地看待“大状”们的未来发展前景呢！可以预料在不久的将来，随着中国特色社会主义建设历程的不断推进，刑事辩护律师的地位会日益重要，刑事辩护的各种体制机制会日益完善，辩护律师的专业素养也会日益提高。
论文提纲格式
1.标题式写法
用简要的文字写成标题，把这部分的内容概括出来。这种写法简明扼要，一目了然，但只有作者自己明白。毕业论文提纲一般不能采用这种方法编写。
2.句子式写法
以一个能表达完整意思的句子形式把该部分内容概括出来。这种写法具体而明确，别人看了也能明了，但费时费力。毕业论文的提纲编写要交与指导教师阅读，所以，要求采用这种编写方法。
(一)确定论文提要，再加进材料，形成全文的概要
论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要，以便读者一翻提要就知道书的大概内容。我们写论文也需要先写出论文提要。在执笔前把论文的题目和大标题、小标题列出来，再把选用的材料插进去，就形成了论文内容的提要。
(二)原稿纸页数的分配
写好毕业论文的提要之后，要根据论文的内容考虑篇幅的长短，文章的各个部分，大体上要写多少字。如计划写20页原稿纸(每页300字)的论文，考虑序 论用1页，本论用17页，结论用1—2页。本论部分再进行分配，如本论共有四项，可以第一项3—4页，第二项用4—5页，第三项3—4页，第四项6—7 页。有这样的分配，便于资料的配备和安排，写作能更有计划。毕业论文的长短一般规定为5000—6000字，因为过短，问题很难讲透，而作为毕业论文也不 宜过长，这是一般大专、本科学生的理论基础、实践经验所决定的。
(三)编写提纲
论文提纲可分为简单提纲和详细提纲两种。简单提纲是高度概括的`，只提示论文的要点，如何展开则不涉及。这种提纲虽然简单，但由于它是经过深思熟虑构成 的，写作时能顺利进行。没有这种准备，边想边写很难顺利地写下去。
编写论文提纲的详细步骤
一、序论
1、提出中心论题;
2、说明写作意图。
二、本论
(一)培育建筑劳动力市场的前提条件
1.市场经济体制的确立，为建筑劳动力市场的产生创造了宏观环境;
2.建筑产品市场的形成，对建筑劳动力市场的培育提出了现实的要求;
3.城乡体制改革的深化，为建筑劳动力市场的形成提供了可靠的保证;
4.建筑劳动力市场的建立，是建筑行业用工特殊性的内在要求。
(二)目前建筑劳动力市场的基本现状
1、供大于求的买方市场;
2、有市无场的隐形市场;
3、易进难出的畸形市场;
4、交易无序的自发市场。
(三)培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的对策
1、统一思想认识，变自发交易为自觉调控;
2、加快建章立制，变无序交易为规范交易;
3、健全市场网络，变隐形交易为有形交易;
4、调整经营结构，变个别流动为队伍流动;
5、深化用工改革，变单向流动为双向流动。
三、结论
1、概述当前的建筑劳动力市场形势和我们的任务;
2、呼应开头的序言。
上面所说的简单提纲和详细提纲都是论文的骨架和要点，选择哪一种，要根据作者的需要。如果考虑周到，调查详细，用简单提纲问题不是很大;但如果考虑粗 疏，调查不周，则必须用详细提纲，否则，很难写出合格的毕业论文。总之，在动手撰写毕业’论文之前拟好提纲，写起来就会方便得多。
第1章绪论
研究背景及意义
论文框架与创新之处
第2章文献综述
企业社会责任的内涵及演进
战略性企业社会责任概念及维度
企业社会责任与财务绩效的衡量方法
企业社会责任与财务绩效关系研究
第3章承担战略性企业社会责任的理论基础
企业生态系统理论
利益相关者理论
竞争优势理论
第4章制度背景、理论分析与研究假设
制度背景
战略性企业社会责任对财务绩效影响分析
所有权性质对战略性企业社会责任影响分析
第5章战略性企业社会责任与财务绩效关系实证设计
样本选取及数据来源
变量设计
模型构建
第6章战略性企业社会责任与财务绩效关系实证分析
描述性分析
相关性分析
回归结果分析
稳定性检验
第7章研究结论、建议及局限性
研究结论
对策及建议
研究的局限性
本文结论
随着企业社会责任的不断发展，愈多学者从不同的视角来阐述、分析企业社会责任的理论意义与现实意义。本文回顾国内外学者在企业社会责任和战略性企业社会责任的概念理论，以及企业社会责任与财务绩效关系的研究方法和研究成果，以企业生态系统理论、利益相关者理论和竞争优势理论作为理论支撑，结合我国经济制度背景，分析不同所有权性质对战略性企业社会责任的影响，构建战略性企业社会责任与财务绩效关系的理论模型，对战略性企业社会责任与财务绩效关系进行了分析，主要得到以下研究结论：
第一，本文根据企业生态系统理论以及利益相关者理论提出了履行战略性企业社会责任以及对其进行细分的基础层、市场层、环境层战略性企业责任对财务绩效有显著正影响的假设，并得到了实证结果的证实。实证结果表明，战略性企业社会责任的履行能够为企业带来及时的效益的同时，还能使效益具有一定的延续性。基础层与市场层战略性企业社会责任的履行对后期财务绩效的影响相对于同期有所减弱，但履行环境层战略性企业社会责任对后期财务绩效的影响要显著于同期。在企业生态系统中，企业和企业生态环境是相互影响的，企业对生态系统各成员履行战略性企业社会责任，创造社会价值的同时，企业生态环境反影响于企业，增加企业的经济价值，影响企业的财务绩效。
第二，本文结合经济制度背景，在第一个假设的基础上提出了国有产权性质会减弱战略性企业社会责任对同期财务绩效的正向积极影响。实证结果显示，国有产权性质会减弱战略性企业社会责任对同期会计业绩的促进作用，但对市场绩效存在不显著的正相关关系。随后的稳定性检验又证实了国有产权性质会减弱战略性企业社会责任对同期会计业绩以及市场绩效的促进作用。结果反映，国有企业在履行战略性企业社会责任的过程会偏向非经济目标的实现，而对成本效益、经济目标实现方面的问题考虑较少，在经济价值增值方面的动机弱。而非国有企业在履行战略性企业社会责任时比国有企业更偏向企业经济价值的增值。
第三，由于本文实证模型中检验了战略性企业社会责任对后一期的财务绩效的影响。根据实证结果显示，除环境层战略性企业社会责任外，对后一期财务绩效的影响的显著性明显弱于同期的财务绩效的影响。说明对于战略性企业社会责任的履行，企业并非一劳永逸，而需要不断做出努力，才能促使社会价值与企业经济价值同步增长。
论文提纲怎么写如下：
1.内容要求：
论文提纲是对整个课题研究内容的综合设计与阐述，也是对于课题相关研究内容与研究走向的一个框架性的阐述与设计，所以研究者列出论文提纲，可以总体把控论文的思路。
2.书写技巧：
论文提纲的设计需要按照论文原有的设计思路与逻辑顺序进行整体的设计与书写，其中提纲的逻辑调理与内容设计较为重要，.提纲的书写顺序如下：
（1）先拟标题；
（2）写出总论点；
（3）考虑全篇总的安排：从几个方面，以什么顺序来论述总论点，这是论文结构的骨架；
（4）大的项目安排妥当之后，再逐个考虑每个项目的下位论点，直到段一级，写出段的论点句（即段旨）；
（5）依次考虑各个段的安排，把准备使用的材料按顺序编码，以便写作时使用；
（6）全面检查，作必要的增删。
二、论文写作范文模板样本（参考）
一、绪论
（一）选题背景、目的及意义
（二）系统开发环境介绍
二、系统分析
（一）可行性研究 ---------------------------------------------------必须有
（二）需求分析 ---------------------------------------------------必须有
三、系统总体设计
（一）系统功能模块设计
功能模块图-----------------------------------------------------必须有
（二）数据库设计
概念模型设计（ER图）-----------------------------------------必须有
逻辑模型设计（二维表）---------------------------------------必须有
大学生毕业论文提纲范文模板
导语：论文提纲体现我们的总体思路，有助于把握论文的全局，从而写出一篇高质量的论文。下面是我分享的大学生毕业论文提纲的范文模板，欢迎阅读!
提纲撰写范例一(列写简单提纲)
以《关于培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的思考》为例，简单提纲可以写成下面这样：
一、绪论
二、本论
(一)培育建筑劳动力市场的前提条件
(二)2012年建筑劳动力市场的基本现状
(三)培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的对策
三、结论
提纲撰写范例二(列详细提纲)
详细提纲是把论文的主要论点和展开部分较为详细地列出来。如果在写作之前准备了详细提纲，那么，执笔时就能更顺利。下面仍以《关于培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的思考》为例，介绍详细提纲的写法：
一、绪论
1.提出中心论题;
2.说明写作意图。
二、本论
(一)培育建筑劳动力市场的前提条件
1.市场经济体制的确立，为建筑劳动力市场的.产生创造了宏观环境;
2.建筑产品市场的形成，对建筑劳动力市场的培育提出了现实的要求;
3.城乡体制改革的深化，为建筑劳动力市场的形成提供了可靠的保证;
4.建筑劳动力市场的建立，是建筑行业用工特殊性的内在要求。
(二)具体市场分类
1.供大于求的买方市场;
2.有市无场的隐形市场;
3.易进难出的畸形市场;
4.交易无序的自发市场。
(三)培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的对策
1.统一思想认识，变自发交易为自觉调控;
2.加快建章立制，变无序交易为规范交易;
3.健全市场网络，变隐形交易为有形交易;
4.调整经营结构，变个别流动为队伍流动;
5.深化用工改革，变单向流动为双向流动。
三、结论
1.概述当前的建筑劳动力市场形势和我们的任务;
2.呼应开头的序言。
论文目录
致谢 第1-8页
摘要 第8-9页
ABSTRACT 第9-12页
插图清单 第12-13页
插表清单 第13-14页
第1章 绪论 第14-19页
·研究背景及研究意义 第14页
·国内外研究现状 第14-17页
·研究内容及思路 第17页
·研究技术路线 第17-19页
第2章 研究区概况 第19-35页
·区域自然地理概况 第19-21页
·区域概况 第19-20页
·地形地貌 第20页
·水文气象 第20-21页
·社会经济 第21页
·区域地质条件 第21-23页
·地层 第21-22页
·地质构造 第22-23页
·岩浆岩 第23页
·区域水文地质条件 第23-24页
·矿区概况 第24-35页
·矿区地质条件 第24-27页
·矿区水文地质条件 第27-32页
·矿体赋存特征 第32-33页
·地下水补、径、排条件 第33-35页
第3章 F1断层特征分析及开采方案 第35-49页
·地球物理勘探 第35页
·水文地质钻探 第35-37页
·断层空间特征分析 第37-38页
·断层带内填充物分析 第38页
·抽水试验 第38-40页
·断层带水文地质特征 第40-41页
·围岩稳定性分析 第41-48页
·上层矿体围岩岩石质量评述 第41-45页
·下层矿体顶板围岩岩石质量评述 第45-48页
·开采方案分析 第48-49页
第4章 矿坑涌水量预测 第49-65页
·充水条件 第49-50页
·地质模型 第50-51页
·水文地质概念模型 第51-52页
·模拟区范围及边界条件 第51-52页
·水文地质结构 第52页
·地下水初始流场及动态特征 第52页
·矿坑涌水量预测——数值法 第52-61页
·数值法简介及模拟软件选择 第52-53页
·数学模型 第53-54页
·数值模型 第54-59页
·模型识别结果 第59-61页
·矿坑涌水量预测 第61页
·矿坑涌水量预测——解析法 第61-63页
·水文地质参数确定 第62页
·涌水量计算 第62-63页
·预测结果分析 第63页
·矿坑排水系统分析 第63-65页
第5章 结论与展望 第65-67页
·结论 第65-66页
·不足与展望 第66-67页
·存在的不足 第66页
·展望 第66-67页
参考文献 第67-70页
应用水滑石实时合成分离固化模拟核素铕钍
论文目录
致谢 第1-8页
摘要 第8-9页
ABSTRACT 第9-14页
插图清单 第14-16页
表格清单 第16-17页
第一章 绪论 第17-25页
·研究背景 第17页
·高放废液的来源、组成及安全处理处置 第17-19页
·高放废液的来源及组成 第17页
·高放废液的安全处理处置现状 第17-19页
·人造岩石固化研究现状 第19-20页
·水滑石简介 第20-22页
·尖晶石简介 第22-23页
·课题研究目的、意义及主要研究内容 第23-25页
·课题研究目的及意义 第23-24页
·课题主要研究内容 第24-25页
第二章 实验原理 第25-28页
·实时合成水滑石分离核素原理 第25-26页
·煅烧制备尖晶石固化核素的原理 第26-28页
第三章 实验部分 第28-34页
·实验材料与仪器设备 第28-29页
·实验材料 第28页
·实验仪器及设备 第28-29页
·模拟核素分离固化实验方法 第29-31页
·模拟核素分离实验方法 第29-30页
·模拟核素固化实验方法 第30页
·模拟核素的分析方法 第30-31页
·模拟核素铕的分析方法 第30-31页
·模拟核素钍的分析方法 第31页
·模拟核素铕和钍共存的分析方法 第31页
·样品的表征与性能分析 第31-34页
·XRD 分析 第31-32页
·FT-IR 分析 第32页
·SEM/EDS 分析 第32页
·TG 分析 第32页
·尖晶石固化体化学稳定性测定 第32-34页
·PCT 粉末浸出法 第32-33页
·MCC-1 片样浸出法 第33-34页
第四章 结果与讨论 第34-66页
·模拟核素铕的分离固化 第34-46页
·模拟核素铕的分离 第34-41页
·镁铝铕混合盐溶液以及硝酸铕溶液的滴定曲线 第34-35页
·pH 值对模拟核素铕去除效果的影响 第35-36页
·R 对模拟核素铕去除效果的影响 第36-37页
·铕初始浓度对模拟核素铕去除效果的影响 第37-39页
·含铕类水滑石的表征 第39-41页
·模拟核素铕的固化 第41-46页
·煅烧温度对包容铕尖晶石固化体结构及稳定性的影响 第41-42页
·铕包容量对尖晶石固化体结构及稳定性的影响 第42-44页
·浸出环境对包容铕尖晶石固化体稳定性的影响 第44-45页
·包容铕尖晶石固化体 MCC-1 法浸出结果 第45页
·包容铕尖晶石固化体的表征 第45-46页
·模拟核素钍的分离固化 第46-58页
·模拟核素钍的分离 第46-53页
·镁铝钍混合盐溶液以及硝酸钍溶液的滴定曲线 第46-47页
·更换沉淀剂原因分析 第47-48页
·pH 值对模拟核素钍分离效果的影响 第48-50页
·R 对模拟核素钍分离效果的影响 第50-51页
·钍初始浓度对模拟核素钍分离效果的影响 第51-53页
·模拟核素钍的固化 第53-58页
·煅烧温度对包容钍尖晶石固化体结构和稳定性的影响 第53-54页
·钍包容量对尖晶石固化体结构和稳定性的影响 第54-55页
·浸出环境对包容钍尖晶石固化体稳定性的影响 第55-56页
·包容钍尖晶石固化体 MCC-1 法浸出结果 第56-57页
·包容钍尖晶石固化体的表征 第57-58页
·模拟核素铕钍的同时分离固化 第58-66页
·模拟核素铕钍的同时分离 第58-62页
·pH 值对模拟核素铕和钍同时分离效果的影响 第58-59页
·R 对模拟核素钍铕同时分离效果的影响 第59-60页
·铕钍初始浓度对模拟核素铕钍同时分离效果的影响 第60-62页
·模拟核素铕和钍的同时固化 第62-66页
·包容铕钍尖晶石固化体 PCT 法浸出结果 第62-63页
·包容铕钍尖晶石固化体 MCC-1 法浸出结果 第63-64页
·包容铕钍尖晶石固化体的表征 第64-66页
结论与展望 第66-68页
参考文献