你可以举个例啊,中国的丝绸之路啊,2两条陆上和海上,通过什么地方啊,多中国有什么意义,对外国有什么意义等等…………
维基百科找到的Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce Initial forays into psycholinguistics were largely philosophical ventures, due mainly to a lack of cohesive data on how the human brain Modern research makes use of biology, neuroscience, cognitive science, and information theory to study how the brain processes There are a number of subdisciplines; for example, as non-invasive techniques for studying the neurological workings of the brain become more and more widespread, neurolinguistics has become a field in its own Psycholinguistics covers the cognitive processes that make it possible to generate a grammatical and meaningful sentence out of vocabulary and grammatical structures, as well as the processes that make it possible to understand utterances, words, text, Developmental psycholinguistics studies children's ability to learn Areas of studyPsycholinguistics is interdisciplinary in nature and is studied by people in a variety of fields, such as psychology, cognitive science, and There are several subdivisions within psycholinguistics that are based on the components that make up human Linguistic-related areas:Phonetics and phonology are concerned with the study of speech Within psycholinguistics, research focuses on how the brain processes and understands these Morphology is the study of word structures, especially the relationships between related words (such as dog and dogs) and the formation of words based on rules (such as plural formation) Syntax is the study of the patterns which dictate how words are combined together to form Semantics deals with the meaning of words and Where syntax is concerned with the formal structure of sentences, semantics deals with the actual meaning of Pragmatics is concerned with the role of context in the interpretation of Psychology-related areas:The study of word recognition and reading examines the processes involved in the extraction of orthographic, morphological, phonological, and semantic information from patterns in printed Developmental psycholinguistics studies infants' and children's ability to learn and process language, usually with experimental or at least quantitative methods (as opposed to naturalistic observations such as those made by Jean Piaget in his research on the development of children) [edit] TheoriesTheories about how language works in the human mind attempt to account for, among other things, how we associate meaning with the sounds (or signs) of language and how we use syntax—that is, how we manage to put words in the proper order to produce and understand the strings of words we call "" The first of these items—associating sound with meaning—is the least controversial and is generally held to be an area in which animal and human communication have at least some things in common (See animal communication) Syntax, on the other hand, is controversial, and is the focus of the discussion that There are essentially two schools of thought as to how we manage to create syntactic sentences: (1) syntax is an evolutionary product of increased human intelligence over time and social factors that encouraged the development of spoken language; (2) language exists because humans possess an innate ability, an access to what has been called a "universal " This view holds that the human ability for syntax is "hard-wired" in the This view claims, for example, that complex syntactic features such as recursion are beyond even the potential abilities of the most intelligent and social non- (Recursion, for example, includes the use of relative pronouns to refer back to earlier parts of a sentence—"The girl whose car is blocking my view of the tree that I planted last year is my ") The innate view claims that the ability to use syntax like that would not exist without an innate concept that contains the underpinnings for the grammatical rules that produce Children acquiring a language, thus, have a vast search space to explore among possible human grammars, settling, logically, on the language(s) spoken or signed in their own community of Such syntax is, according to the second point of view, what defines human language and makes it different from even the most sophisticated forms of animal The first view was prevalent until about 1960 and is well represented by the mentalistic theories of Jean Piaget and the empiricist Rudolf C As well, the school of psychology known as behaviorism (see Verbal Behavior (1957) by BF Skinner) puts forth the point of view that language is behavior shaped by conditioned The second point of view (the "innate" one) can fairly be said to have begun with Noam Chomsky's highly critical review of Skinner's book in 1959 in the pages of the journal L[1] That review started what has been termed "the cognitive revolution" in The field of psycholinguistics since then has been defined by reactions to Chomsky, pro and The pro view still holds that the human ability to use syntax is qualitatively different from any sort of animal That ability might have resulted from a favorable mutation (extremely unlikely) or (more likely) from an adaptation of skills evolved for other That is, precise syntax might, indeed, serve group needs; better linguistic expression might produce more cohesion, cooperation, and potential for survival, BUT precise syntax can only have developed from rudimentary—or no—syntax, which would have had no survival value and, thus, would not have evolved at Thus, one looks for other skills, the characteristics of which might have later been useful for In the terminology of modern evolutionary biology, these skills would be said to be "pre-adapted" for syntax (see also exaptation) Just what those skills might have been is the focus of recent research—or, at least, The con view still holds that language—including syntax—is an outgrowth of hundreds of thousands of years of increasing intelligence and tens of thousands of years of human From that view, syntax in language gradually increased group cohesion and potential for Language—syntax and all—is a cultural This view challenges the "innate" view as scientifically unfalsifiable; that is to say, it can't be tested; the fact that a particular, conceivable syntactic structure does not exist in any of the world's finite repertoire of languages is an interesting observation, but it is not proof of a genetic constraint on possible forms, nor does it prove that such forms couldn't exist or couldn't be Contemporary theorists, besides Chomsky, working in the field of theories of psycholinguistics include George Lakoff and Steven P[edit] MethodologiesMuch methodology in psycholinguistics takes the form of behavioral experiments incorporating a lexical decision In these types of studies, subjects are presented with some form of linguistic input and asked to perform a task ( make a judgment, reproduce the stimulus, read a visually presented word aloud) Reaction times (usually on the order of milliseconds) and proportion of correct responses are the most often employed measures of Such experiments often take advantage of priming effects, whereby a "priming" word or phrase appearing in the experiment can speed up the lexical decision for a related "target" word [2]Such tasks might include, for example, asking the subject to convert nouns into verbs; , "book" suggests "to write," "water" suggests "to drink," and so Another experiment might present an active sentence such as "Bob threw the ball to Bill" and a passive equivalent, "The ball was thrown to Bill by Bob" and then ask the question, "Who threw the ball?" We might then conclude (as is the case) that active sentences are processed more easily (faster) than passive More interestingly, we might also find out (as is the case) that some people are unable to understand passive sentences; we might then make some tentative steps towards understanding certain types of language deficits (generally grouped under the broad term, aphasia)[3]Until the recent advent of non-invasive medical techniques, brain surgery was the preferred way for language researchers to discover how language works in the For example, severing the corpus callosum (the bundle of nerves that connects the two hemispheres of the brain) was at one time a treatment for some forms of Researchers could then study the ways in which the comprehension and production of language were affected by such drastic Where an illness made brain surgery necessary, language researchers had an opportunity to pursue their Newer, non-invasive techniques now include brain imaging by positron emission tomography (PET); functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); event-related potentials (ERPs) in electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG); and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) Brain imaging techniques vary in their spatial and temporal resolutions (fMRI has a resolution of a few thousand neurons per pixel, and ERP has millisecond accuracy) Each type of methodology presents a set of advantages and disadvantages for studying a particular problem in Computational modeling - the DRC model of reading and word recognition proposed by Coltheart and colleagues[4] - is another It refers to the practice of setting up cognitive models in the form of executable computer Such programs are useful because they require theorists to be explicit in their hypotheses and because they can be used to generate accurate predictions for theoretical models that are so complex that they render discursive analysis One example of computational modeling is McClelland and Elman's TRACE model of speech [5]More recently, eye tracking has been used to study online language Beginning with Rayner (1978)[6] the importance and informativity of eye-movements during reading was Tanenhaus et ,[7] have performed a number of visual-world eye-tracking studies to study the cognitive processes related to spoken Since eye movements are closely linked to the current focus of attention, language processing can be studied by monitoring eye movements while a subject is presented with linguistic [edit] Issues and areas of researchPsycholinguistics is concerned with the nature of the computations and processes that the brain undergoes to comprehend and produce For example, the cohort model seeks to describe how words are retrieved from the mental lexicon when an individual hears or sees linguistic [8][2]Recent research using new non-invasive imaging techniques seeks to shed light on just where certain language processes occur in the There are a number of unanswered questions in psycholinguistics, such as whether the human ability to use syntax is based on innate mental structures or emerges from interaction with other humans, and whether some animals can be taught the syntax of human Two other major subfields of psycholinguistics investigate first language acquisition, the process by which infants acquire language, and second language In addition, it is much more difficult for adults to acquire second languages than it is for infants to learn their first language (bilingual infants are able to learn both of their native languages easily) Thus, sensitive periods may exist during which language can be learned [9] A great deal of research in psycholinguistics focuses on how this ability develops and diminishes over It also seems to be the case that the more languages one knows, the easier it is to learn [10]The field of aphasiology deals with language deficits that arise because of brain Studies in aphasiology can both offer advances in therapy for individuals suffering from aphasia, and further insight into how the brain processes
MLA不仅仅指引用格式,也包括了学术essay写作的其他格式要求。本文仅以引用格式为主体。在MLA格式中,引用主要分为两部分,文内引用以及引用页
1、首先,PPT封面应该有:毕设题目、答辩人、指导教师以及答辩日期2、其次,需要有一个目录页来清楚的阐述本次答辩的主要内容有哪些;3、接下来,就到了答辩的主要内容了,第一块应该介绍课题的研究背景与意义;4、之后,是对于研究内容的理论基础做一个介绍,这版一部分简略清晰即可;5、重头戏自然是自己的研究内容,这一部分最好可以让不太了解相关方面的老师们也能听出个大概,知道到底都做出了哪些工作,研究成果有哪些,研究成果究竟怎么样;6、最后,是对工作的一个总结和展望。7、结束要感谢一下各位老师的指导与支持。下载毕业答辩PPT模板,就到怪人网
1、文献综述是一篇相对独立的综述性学术报告,包括题目、前言、正文、总结等几个部分。2、要围绕毕业论文主题对文献的各种观点作比较分析,不要教科书式地将与研究课题有关的理论和学派观点简要地汇总陈述一遍。3、评述(特别是批评前人不足)时,要引用原作者的原文(防止对原作者论点的误解),不要贬低别人抬高自己,不能从二手材料来判定原作者的错误。4、文献综述结果要说清前人工作的不足,衬托出作进一步研究的必要性和理论价值,采用了文献中的观点和内容应注明来源,模型、图表、数据应注明出处,不要含糊不清。5、文献综述最后要有简要总结,并能准确地反映主题内容,表明前人为该领域研究打下的工作基础,所有提到的参考文献都应和所毕业论文(设计)研究问题直接相关。写文献综述注意事项搜集文献应尽量全。掌握全面、大量的文献资料是写好综述的前提,否则,随便搜集一点资料就动手撰写是不可能写出好的综述。注意引用文献的代表性、可靠性和科学性。在搜集到的文献中可能出现观点雷同,有的文献在可靠性及科学性方面存在着差异,因此在引用文献时应注意选用代表性、可靠性和科学性较好的文献。引用文献要忠实文献内容。由于文献综述有作者自己的评论分析,因此在撰写时应分清作者的观点和文献的内容,不能篡改文献的内容。引用文献不过多。文献综述的作者引用间接文献的现象时有所见。以上内容参考 百度百科-文献综述
这个题目 我可以写好 包通过 老师有问题包修改
第一步:登陆知网后,搜索关键词以“金融监管”为例,只搜索【博硕士】论文,期刊,会议那些都不用。第二步:随便点击一篇文章,进入如下界面,点击【分章下载】第三步:出现如下界面,点击【文献综述】部分下载即可。文献综述里面国内外文献都会有,年份可以自己酌情更改。这种方式的适用情况:1、对综述引用文献年份没有要求。2、需求比较紧急。3、硕士论文居多。文献综述的写作方法:文献综述写作方法纷繁复杂,这里小编挑选介绍一款快速提升“武力值”,“回血”技能满点的“倒三角形法”(也称“逐步逼近法”)。也就是说,一篇论文的文献综述是这样的:“倒三角形”写作方法实际是一种由“研究领域”到“主要问题”、“热点研究方向”,再到“尚未解决的问题(自己的选题)”的清晰逻辑论证过程,是逐步抽象、提炼出自己所要进一步深化研究的问题或某一问题的某一个方面。有没有觉得眼熟,是不是想到了“初入武林”时的选题方法,可见,论文写作也是“万变不离其宗”。以上就是环球青藤小编关于怎样有效在知网寻找属于自己课题的文献综述的相关分享,希望对各位小伙伴们有所帮助,想要了解更多毕业论文相关内容,请关注本平台,小编会做及时的整理并发布的,大家注意查看哦!
按小学生概括段落大意 文章中心思想的办法 就可以了
文献综述是对论文选题研究现状的梳理,但并不仅仅是把文献进行简单的堆砌与罗列,而是需要在总结梳理别人研究的同时,对已有的研究做出评价,也就是说有述有评,这也是为什么文献综述也叫做文献述评的原因。
1、PPT制作需要一定的水平,如果效果不好的话,会让看的人非常乏味,所以找一个熟悉PPT的朋友比较保险;2、可以上TAOBAO、猪八戒威客等等网站花钱代做
就是看很多很多与课题相关的文章,有点类似档案法;区别是,你看了那么些个文章后,你要归纳整理总结,至今为止相关学者在该课题领域内的研究成果及存在的不足,以便作为你课题创新的依据。
文献综述一般包括引言、正文、结论、附录等四个部分。1、引言:包括撰写文献综述的原因、意义、文献的范围、正文的标题及基本内容提要。2、正文:是文献综述的主要内容,包括某一课题研究的历史、现状、基本内容,研究方法的分析,已解决的问题和尚存的问题重点、详尽地阐述对当前的影响及发展趋势,这样不但可以使研究者确定研究方向,而且便于他人了解该课题研究的起点和切入点,是在他人研究的基础上有所创新。3、结论:文献研究的结论,概括指出自己对该课题的研究意见,存在的不同意见和有待解决的问题等。4、附录:列出参考文献,说明文献综述所依据的资料,增加综述的可信度,便于读者进一步检索。
论文文献综述怎么写
我叫张涵123456789
文献综述是对某一方面的专题搜集大量情报资料后经综合分析而写成的一种学术论文, 它是科学文献的一种。 格式与写法 文献综述的格式与一般研究性论文的格式有所不同。这是因为研究性的论文注重研究的方法和结果,特别是阳性结果,而文献综述要求向读者介绍与主题有关的详细资料、动态、进展、展望以及对以上方面的评述。因此文献综述的格式相对多样,但总的来说,一般都包含以下四部分:即前言、主题、总结和参考文献。撰写文献综述时可按这四部分拟写提纲,在根据提纲进行撰写工。 前言部分,主要是说明写作的目的,介绍有关的概念及定义以及综述的范围,扼要说明有关主题的现状或争论焦点,使读者对全文要叙述的问题有一个初步的轮廓。 主题部分,是综述的主体,其写法多样,没有固定的格式。可按年代顺序综述,也可按不同的问题进行综述,还可按不同的观点进行比较综述,不管用那一种格式综述,都要将所搜集到的文献资料归纳、整理及分析比较,阐明有关主题的历史背景、现状和发展方向,以及对这些问题的评述,主题部分应特别注意代表性强、具有科学性和创造性的文献引用和评述。 总结部分,与研究性论文的小结有些类似,将全文主题进行扼要总结,对所综述的主题有研究的作者,最好能提出自己的见解。 参考文献虽然放在文末,但却是文献综述的重要组成部分。因为它不仅表示对被引用文献作者的尊重及引用文献的依据,而且为读者深入探讨有关问题提供了文献查找线索。因此,应认真对待。参考文献的编排应条目清楚,查找方便,内容准确无误。关于参考文献的使用方法,录著项目及格式与研究论文相同,不再重复。
一般本科高校毕业生的毕业论文只需要低于30%就能进行论文答辩,而硕士研究生论文与之相比就要严格很多,大部分高校都是要求硕士研究生论文重复率要小于10%~15%才能申请答辩,也就是在这个查重率标准范围内的硕士论文才算初步合格,如果硕士研究生论文查重率高于30%的话,就会延迟毕业。”
可以在电脑上打开万方的官方网站进行查询。打开其网站以后点击高级检索,然后在搜索页面中输入需要查找的文献综述关键字并点击查询即可看到。具体的查询方法如下:1、在电脑的百度上输入万方,找到其官方网站以后点击进入。2、进入到万方的官方网站以后点击右侧的高级检索按钮进入。3、页面跳转以后进入到万方的高级检索界面,输入主题如青少年体育综述并点击检索按钮。4、此时在查找页面的下方即可看到匹配到的该专业的文献综述文件,点击进入。5、页面跳转以后进入到该专业的文献综述界面,点击在线阅读按钮。6、在出现的登录界面中输入对应的账号和密码点击登录。7、注意万方的相关文献资料是需要付费查看的,在出现的付费界面中完成付费即可阅读该文献综述了(至此在阅读之前已经通过检索的方式找到了相关专业的文献综述资料了)。使用方式:中国中小学数字图书馆通过Internet、镜像和光盘的方式向中小学学生、教师和教育机构提供服务。最终用户可以根据自身的条件选择以下使用方式。1、购买"中小学数字图书馆"检索阅读卡(以下简称CFED卡):购买"CFED卡",在网上注册个人专用帐号,将CFED卡的面值金额注入自己的专用帐号,不限IP,随时随地可用,按使用的页数收费,每页2元。CFED卡提供50元、100元、300元的面值供选择。金额用完后,继续购卡充值。当帐号金额累积到一定额度,享受不同程度的优惠,并有机会参加CFED组织的会员活动。适用对象:学生和教育工作者个人。2、按年包库:取得帐号、密码,通过Internet进入"中国中小学数字图书馆"网站检索。在机构IP范围内无限量使用。按年度付费。适用对象:能上Internet的机构。3、建镜像站点:将"中小学数字图书馆"资源库安装到机构内部服务器上,建立内部镜像站点,限机构IP范围内使用。4、光盘:在单机或电子阅览室使用光盘。光盘每月更新。5、城域网:指将"中小学数字图书馆"全部资源或部分资源镜像到区域信息中心服务器上,与城域网联通的单位可以共享服务器和图书馆资源。按共享的机构数收费。以上内容参考 百度百科-中国知网
1、《潮州志·物产志》:茎叶榨汁次服,治盲肠炎,又可治一切肠病。2、《广西中药志》:治小儿疳积,毒蛇咬伤,癌肿。外治白泡疮,蛇癞疮。3、《闽南民间草药》:清热解毒,消炎止痛。4、《泉州本草》:清热散瘀,消痈解毒。治痈疽疮疡,瘰疬。又能清肺火,泻肺热。治肺热喘促、嗽逆胸闷。5、《广西中草药》:清热解毒,活血利尿。治扁桃体炎,咽喉炎,阑尾炎,肝炎,痢疾,尿路感染,小儿疳积。 6、 《西中药志》:味苦甘,性温,无毒。7、《闽南民间草药》:苦,平,无毒。8、《泉州本草》:甘微酸,性寒。9、《广东中药》Ⅱ:辛涩,寒,无毒。10、《潮州志·物产志》:茎叶榨汁饮服,治盲肠炎,又可治一切肠病。11、《广西中药志》:治小儿疳积,毒蛇咬伤,癌肿。外治白泡疮,蛇癞疮。12、《闽南民间草药》:清热解毒,消炎止痛。13、《泉州本草》:清热散瘀,消痈解毒。 治痈疽疮疡,瘰疬。又能清肺火,泻肺热。 治肺热喘促、嗽逆胸闷。治疗毒蛇咬伤时,可取白花蛇舌草15克,白酒250克,煮沸3~5分钟,去渣,口服2/3(每日分2~3次服完),用1/3外敷伤口,敷药时先吸出伤口毒血,清洗消毒后用消毒棉垫覆盖包扎,然后用上述药酒浇湿敷料(以保持湿润为度)。若不能饮酒者,可用清水煮沸后再加入适量白酒,但以白酒煮为佳。14、《广西中草药》:清热解毒,活血利尿。治扁桃体炎,咽喉炎,阑尾炎,肝炎,痢疾,尿路感染,小儿疳积。
按照先后顺序,一定是现有开题报告,才有初稿。另外,顺序应该是现确定题目、然后做开题报告,开题报告经过专家组认可后,方可进行初稿的撰写。通常硕士及博士论文的第一部分应该为你的专业领域内的文献综述。所谓的文献综述,即简称综述,是对某一领域,某一专业或某一方面的课题,问题或研究专题搜集大量相关资料,通过分析,阅读,整理,提炼当前课题,问题或研究专题的最新进展,学术见解或建议,做出综合性介绍和阐述的一种学术论文。至于本科是否需要做文献综述,那要看你们学校的要求了,这必须跟导师沟通确认。如果需要查询资料,学校图书馆是最直接的地方,其次,只要在校,应该都可以通过校园网络登录中国知网,上面有所需要的所有专业的学术论文,校园网登录并下载其他人的学术论文,应该是免费的。不知道怎么选题论文,就多看看其他人是怎么写的。知网除了收录小论文外,还会有硕士及博士论文的收录。当然这需要相当多的时间去阅读并理解为自己的东西。如果马上要交论文初稿,还请你抓紧时间,以免耽误毕业。
回答 文献综述简称综述,是对某一领域,某一专业或某一方面的课题、问题或研究专题搜集大量相关资料,然后通过阅读、分析、提炼、整理当前课题、问题或研究专题的最新进展、学术见解或建议,对其做出综合性介绍和阐述的一种学术论文 文献综述通常应该包含研究背景及意义,论文中关键概念的解释,国内外研究现状以及本文的研究内容和内容安排。 具体的每个专业及研究方向有一定的差异。如果想确定自己论文的文献综述应该包含哪些内容,最简单的方法就是上知网,查找几篇和自己论文相关的硕士论文,下载下来看别人的第一章都包含了哪些内容?不管它叫“绪论”还是“文献综述”,它所包含的内容就是你第一章(文献综述)所要写的内容。 文献综述的格式文献综述介绍与主题有关的详细资料、动态、进展、展望以及对以上方面的评述,因此格式也多样化,但是一般包括四部分:前言、主题、总结、参考文献。撰写时可以列出大致提纲,有利于理清思路,顺利撰写 以上是我的回答,希望帮到您,如果满意的话,麻烦给个赞!祝您生活愉快! 提问 怎样写文献综述呢?老 回答 这涉及具体的方向,先要就某一领域和方向搜集资料,明确当前的研究成果和进展,并分析优势和不足,对今后的发展作预测 熟读某一领域的文献是关键,这是你了解该领的途径,是基本功,然后才能在此基上迸发自己的想法 具体写得时候可以按研究背景,研究内容,展望和发展,参考文献几个方面来,具体小标题需要按照内容来确定 以上是我的回答,希望帮到您,如果满意的话,麻烦给个赞!祝您生活愉快! 更多8条