一篇文章讨论的内容首先决定于探究所处的水平、材料方法的真实性、科学性。高水平的学术论文讨论的内容应包括摘要:①陈述主要发现;②本探究的优点和短处;③同其他探究比较的优点和短处,非凡要讨论结果中的差别;④探究的意义、可能的机制和临床医生或决策者的使用远景;⑤未解答的新题目及今后的探究方向。写作讨论应注重摘要:①围绕结果阐明学术观点,着重新发现或阳性结果,新观点、新启示,切勿冗长,面面俱到,离题;②在引证必要的文献作为结论的论据时,切忌作文献综述;③实事求是,恰如其分的评价,稳定下结论,或报喜不报忧,隐瞒观点医学全在线 ,以假设证实假想,泛泛而谈,文不墩题;④避免简单重复前言、结果中已具体描述过的数据和资料。假如文章做到了材料不让人担心虚假,方法注重了科学,讨论按照其原有的内容写作,那么读者读一篇文章首先应注重讨论的结论,这是我们所追求的结果。
论文的题目有了、你的实验数据、曲线、反应式、实验结果一一列举说明(如果是政论文要把你的调查报告,政策实施的反馈意见等呈现在论文内)然后就是结尾总结了。总结其实就是依据事实、透过现象得出本质的东西即结论。具体润色就是你的语文水平问题了。
论文的题目有了、你的实验数据、曲线、反应式、实验结果一一列举说明(如果是政论文要把你的调查报告,政策实施的反馈意见等呈现在论文内)然后就是结尾总结了。总结其实就是依据事实、透过现象得出本质的东西即结论。具体润色就是你的语文水平问题了。
不同的专业字数要求不是很一样,具体的同学要去学校官网去看自己专业的要求。比如爱丁堡大学TESOL硕士毕业论文要求是一万五千字、伦敦大学翻译专业要求是一万二千。具体的还是要根据同学专业学校要求来写。
一般而言,非211、985学校的本科毕业论文字数在6000到8000左右。但是工程类专业和需要制图的专业很大程度上会超过这个数字。而一些要求较高或者重点学校则要求论文字数在1万左右甚至以上。具体字数是根据学校或者指导老师来确定。
对于本科毕业论文的字数要求,每个学校字数限定要求不一样,不过,一般是在5000-15000字之间。而对于不同的专业,字数的要求也是有区别的,比如:文理科毕业论文字数一般不少于4000字,工科、艺术类专业毕业设计字数一般不少于3000字。一般说来,一份完整的毕业论文应包括封面、扉页、原创性声明、学位论文使用授权说明、中文摘要、英文摘要、目录、正文、参考文献、发表论文和参加科研情况说明、附录、致谢等。
不同的学校对于本科毕业论文字数要求不同,一般非211、985学校的本科毕业论文字数在6000-8000字左右,一些要求较高的专业或者重点院校则要求论文字数高达10000字左右或者以上。由于学校不一样,那么对于本科毕业论文字数要求也会不一样,一般非211、985学校,它们的本科毕业论文字数是在6000-8000左右(像工程类需制图专业的还要更多字数),对于一些要求较高或者重点学校,要求论文的字数要在10000字左右或以上,总而言之,每个学校在论文字数上的规定都会有一点差异。拓展资料:本科生毕业论文的主要内容 1、标题:字体为宋体,小二,文字居中。 2、中文摘要:字数至少达到200字以上;关键词3-5个,每个词间空一格;字体为宋体、小四号;字符间距为标准;行距为20磅。 3、英文摘要:关键词为四号宋体,加粗;目录需用二号黑体加粗居中;章节条目使用五号宋体;行距设置为单倍行距。 4、正文:字体为宋体、小四号;字符间距为标准;行距为20磅。 5、参考文献:毕业论文末尾要列出在论文中参考过的专著、论文及其他资料,所列参考文献应按文中参考或引证的先后顺序排列。 6、期刊内容:包括作者、题名、刊名、年、卷(期)起始页码-结束页码。著作内容:包括作者、编者、文献题名、出版社、出版年份、起止页码。 7、附件:开题报告和检查情况记录表。
论文字数,有些学校是不包括摘要跟参考文献的,所以你最好写的论文是够字数的。就好比我以前写的论文是需要8000字的,我光是中间的那些就已经写了9000字,加上摘要和参考文献的也快有一万了
论文查重查的是哪部分内容?这个问题大部分同学都不清楚,因为在提交论文到查重系统的时候,一般都是整篇论文一起提交,得出的查重报告中一般也不会注明各部分的重复率。具体查哪些部分,主要还是看学校的要求。一篇完整的论文通常包含“标题、目录、摘要、前言、正文、研究成果、致谢、参考文献、附录”等,总字数大都上万或者几万,因为论文查重系统一般都是按检测字数进行收费的,有些同学为了省钱,只查正文,这样得出来的论文重复率可能会偏低,但是查重结果也是不准确的,还是要根据学校的要求来。有些同学虽然知道不止是查正文,但是一问到具体是查哪些,又懵了,没关系,paperpp小编来告诉您。其实,一般只需上传摘要、正文和参考文献,目录部分可以不要。建议在开始学校查重前先自行查重,主要是为了留给自己充足的修改时间,因为重复率往往都偏高。
标点是不算的。Joy高斋翻译CATTI和MTI分享:希望对你有用。必备|标点符号如何翻译?(附使用规则)比如2016年11月英语三级笔译实务试题原文:Harper Lee was an ordinary woman as stunned as anybody by the extraordinary success of “To Kill a M”书名号里面的双引号。“To Kill a Mockingbird”,英文中的书名通常是斜体或加引号表示或者大写就可以,因为斜体有时候看着不整齐,译文中文需要加上书名号,书名第一次出现,需要括号加注原英文名(人名也这样处理)。还比如14年11月CATTI二级笔译英译汉真题原文:WATERLOO, Belgium --- The region around this Belgian city is busily preparing to commemorate the 200th anniversary in 2015 of one of the major battles in European military 里面的逗号和破折号。WATERLOO, Belgium比利时滑铁卢:这里考察英语地名从小到大,而且加个逗号,汉语里面是从大到小,不加逗号,比如Shanghai, China翻译为中国上海。这是CATTI英译汉高频翻译细节,可是我今天看了大家提交的译文,基本都这样写的:WATERLOO, Belgium --- The region 比利时滑铁卢——:破折号的用法和翻译,这是CATTI英译汉高频翻译细节,经常用在文章或报道的开头,引出事件发生的背景(地点)。翻译的时候保持破折号即可。:Colon(冒号)1.引出表示列举、解释或说明性的词语,翻译的时候保持:The string section consists of four instruments: violin, viola cello, and /His grades are a follows: English, an A; H a B: Science, a D: and Math, a C2.引出对前文进行补充、总结或强调的词语,翻译的时候保持:Judges have a double duty;They must protect the innocent and punish the guilty/ He has only one pleasure: 3.引出较长的正式引语或大段引语,翻译的时候是:或者,In his most famous speech he said: All men are created equal and must enjoy equally the rights that are inalienably 4.用于信件或演说词中的称呼语之后(英国用法中多用逗号),翻译的时候保持:Dear Sir: /Dear Professor Jones: /Ladies and Gentlemen:5.用于公函、政府文件或商业函件的标题或标目之后,翻译的时候保持:TO /SUBJECT: /REFERENCE: /VIA:6.用于时与分之间(英国法中多用句号)、比率数之间、《圣经》的章与节之间,翻译的时候保持:The train is to leave at 8: /Common nouns outnumber proper nouns in proportion /You will find it in Genesis 2: 4-7.分隔书名的标题与副标题,翻译的时候保持:或者破折号NOStromo: A Tale of the Seaboard, Comma(逗号)1.分隔并列成分We are tired, hungry and /Washington was said to be first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his /We were taught how to sit gracefully, how to how to converse 2.分隔并列句中的分句It snowed all night, and the schools were closed the next / We must leave now, or we will miss the / I tried to sleep, but my neighbour's dog made that /It is an imperfect system,yet it is better than 3.分隔对比或对照成分He is sick, not /The more haste, the less 4.分隔非限定性修饰语、同位语或附加说明的词语He found the Paper on the roof, where the newsboy had thrown The the who had cared through the window, went straight to the /They want us, you and me, to go /I have to get up early, particularly on S5.分隔附加疑问句或选择疑问句Tom didn't take it, did he? / Which pencil do you the red one or the blue one?6.分隔直接引语和导语Only a "Sherman said, " would carry on like 7.表示省略相同词语Some went to the right; others, to the 分隔句首状语Usually, he is dressed in blue / Except for physics, my courses are not /When he found that his parents had deserted him, he sat down to 9,常用以分隔用作独立成分、状语等的下列词语Honestly, that's all the money I /Personally, I prefer the other /Unfortunately, they were out when I /To tell you the truth, I was very frightened1) actually, basically, briefly fortunately,frankly, honestly, hopefully, incidentally,luckily, naturally, personally, unfortunately, to tell the truth2) anyhow, anyway, besides, consequent,furthermore, however, likewise, moreover, nevertheless, otherwise, therefore;3)first(ly), second(ly ), last(ly), finally,first of after all, above all, in other words, for example, for instance, that is,namely, , 4)in short, in fact, in conclusion, in a few words, as a result, as a matter of fact, on the contrary, on the other hand;5) of course, by the way, sure enough, between you and me, believe it or not;6)I think, I believe, I suppose, you know,you see, In my opinion;7)yes, no, well, ohAnyhow, even if the problem does arise, it wont affect /I don’t want to go; besides, I’m too /This is, however, another side to this This is our most disastrous and embarrassing defeat eve: in short, a /I don’t like him, in fact,I hate /On the contrary, it hardly ever It's strange, you know, that he hasn’t passed the /In my opinion, he is Yes, times have /Well, not much can be done about it /Oh, David, come here a moment! /Oh no, not again!10.分隔日期、数字、地点Firstly, let me deal with the most important /The cinema is only open to adults, ,people over June 12, 1991/It was on Friday, May 16, in Los A /The price of this sedan car is $12,/He lives at 1515 Halsted SChicago, I11.分隔人名与职称、头衔或倒置姓名I asked my boss for a month's holiday and, believe it or not, he agreed! /By the way, have you seen Tom recently?12.分隔呼语R W Leeds, M D /George Washington, President/Smith, John W, JI would like to ask you, M Jones, for your /Will you see if the door is closed, Janet? /Sir,I'd like to ask a 13.用于信件的称呼语之后(美国用法中多用冒号)或结束语之后Dear Mary, /Sincerely yours, /Yours truly,“ ”Quotation Mark(引号)1.用于直接引语注意下列句子中其他标点符号与引号的相对位置:1)逗号、句号位于引号内(这是美国用法,英国用法多置于引号外)2)不属于引语的问号、感叹号或破折号位于引号之外3)在引语内再用引语时,可用单引号(这是美国用法,在英国用法中,单引号在外,双引号在内)4)引语不止一段时,引号位于各段起始处和最后一段结尾处Michael said, "Let's meet at my house next "/"No, you cant, "she "It's January 1, 1863, Lincoln declared the slaves "forever "/The word"bread, for example, has both standard and slang Why did she say "That is a very selfish attitude"?The witness said, "I distinctly heard him say, Don’t be late, and then heard the door " /The witness said, I distinctly heard him say, Don’t be and then heard the door ’Frequently used signs and symbols are in the back of this Many are found on Symbols include the chemical The chemical elements are also grouped together in the back of this "2.用于引述文章、文艺作品、歌曲、广播及电视节目、绘画等Have you read the article"Shanghai Shows Its Colors"in the January Time? /"Ode to a Nightingale " was written by K /American national anthem is"The Star-spangled B " /YOAS Amencan Mosaic”/ Da Vinci’s“ Mona Lisa "3.用于引述俚语、反语、借用语、定义、词形等Her brother"socked her in the eye and" beaned "her with a /Bob's skiing"vacation"consisted of three weeks with his leg in a / The basic meaning of dumb in both British and American English is“ unable to speak.”/ How do you spell the word" eclectic”?;Semicolon(分号)一般说来,分号的作用介于句号与逗号之间,即用分号隔开的两部分之间的关系,比用句号分开的紧密,但不及用逗号分开的紧密。1.用于并列分句之间People make history: unusual people make history /Your car is new; mine is six years /I came, I saw I /it's too late to go for a walk now; besides, it's beginning to /We finally found the gate; however, it had been 2.分隔已有逗号的并列成分,以避免歧义Follow this procedure: first, get your application forms; next, fill them out; last, pay the The sun, a bright yellow ball, shone; the children, happy as always, 3.用于由 for example, for instance, namely,that is( to say), in fact,i.e.,e.g等词语引出的分句之前Many of their talents complemented each other; for example, he played the piano and she /Tom is well-liked: in he is the most popular person in the /He chose to invest in major industries: e, steel, automobiles, and — Dash(破折号)用在一个解释性的分句或句子前面:It's an environmental — That's not a small 这是个环境保护的问题,这不是一件小事。用在一个解释性的插入语的前面和后面(相当于一个括号):During my vacation—I must have been insane—I decided I would 假期中,我准是疯了,我决定去滑雪。用在一个引用的句子前面(代替一个冒号,或与分号一起用):Uncle Wang laughingly answered—"No, no; stay where you "大叔笑着回答道“不用了,不用了,你就呆到那。”表示意思的突然转折:"And may I ask—"said Xiao Wu;" but I guess it's better for you to ask him about "“我可以问——”小吴说;“不过我想还是你问他的好。”表示迟疑犹豫:"I—I—I rather think —maybe—Amy has taken "“我——我——我想——或许——是艾米拿了。”总括前面列举的若干东西:News house, larger schools, more sheep, more pigs and chickens, more horses and donkeys—everywhere here shows signs of 新房子,扩建的学校,更多的羊、猪、鸡,更多的马和驴,这里的一切显示出一片繁荣景象。Italicization斜体字的使用1.书籍、报刊、文章、诗歌、乐曲、电影、绘画等的名称Dickens' Oliver Twist /The English-Chinese Dictionary/Readers Digest /The New York TimesMilton's Paradise Lost/Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro/ The Sound of Music /Van Gogh’s StarryNight2.交通工具、航天器等专名Air Force One/Apollo/Challenger3.作为例示的词、字母或数字The word receive is often /The b in comb is silent4,表示强调的词语She never expected such a /woman's place was in the home; it certainly isn’t 5.表示未归化的外来词语In aeternum[L]/ fille[F]6.动物学和植物学中表示属、种、亚种及变种的拉丁语新学名The horse (Equus caballus )has affected the course of history more than any other /The mistletoe (Phoradendron flavescens )is the state flower of O7.法庭案例名称中的原被告姓名Madison Kingley/the Jones case8.剧本中的舞台提示ROBERT: Ah yes, of Sit down, sit down, please, M R [She sits as if this made matters rather ]PHILIP: (Standing guard by her )My wife is a little 取自陆谷孙英译汉大词典
摘要,参考文献的字数都包括在正文里面的。前几天我指导老师还专门讲过这事。呵呵,给你回答的时候也忘记了加字数二字。
字数一说没有标准的答案,基本上只要指导老师让你通过就可以了。
晕~打那么多字,本来想写的,算了
字数一说没有标准的答案,基本上只要指导老师让你通过就可以了。
在知网系统里面,参考文献是不参与查重,不会被标红,也就不算重复率的。但是引用的重复是计入总重复率里面的。其他的查重系统有的会直接把参考文献标红,计入重复率里。
恩,是的,正规的论文计算的字符数是包含所有脚注和尾注并计算空格的。
本科论文参考文献没有限制个数的要求,按照字面的意思,参考文献是文章或著作等写作过程中参考过的文献,文献是记录,积累,传播和继承知识的最有效手段。文献是人类社会活动中获取情报的最基本、最主要的来源,也是交流传播情报的最基本手段。
毕业论文字数要bai求里,摘要的字数是不du算在里面的,多找些资料,zhi字数会dao够的。目录、附录、参考文献、致谢都不算在总字数里面的。写毕业论文主要目的是培养学生综合运用所学知识和技能,理论联系实际,独立分析,解决实际问题的能力,使学生得到从事本专业工作和进行相关的基本训练。在撰写论文摘要时,对本科毕业论文摘要的要求通常是直截了当的,这在写作中是直截了当的;结构突出,层次清晰;内容因主题而异,重点在于语言;简洁,简洁,客观,准确;它风格庄重,标准,简洁自然;它通常不会超过250个单词。扩展资料:毕业论文的基本教学要求是:1、培养学生综合运用、巩固与扩展所学的基础理论和专业知识,培养学生独立分析、解决实际问题能力、培养学生处理数据和信息的能力。2、培养学生正确的理论联系实际的工作作风,严肃认真的科学态度。3、培养学生进行社会调查研究;文献资料收集、阅读和整理、使用;提出论点、综合论证、总结写作等基本技能。毕业论文是毕业生总结性的独立作业,是学生运用在校学习的基本知识和基础理论,去分析、解决一两个实际问题的实践锻炼过程,也是学生在校学习期
摘要,参考文献的字数都包括在正文里面的。前几天我指导老师还专门讲过这事。呵呵,给你回答的时候也忘记了加字数二字。
1、毕业论文的字数要求是对正文部分而言,比如本科论文8000字,指的是你正文部分。但是在查重的时候这些内容也是要检测的2、毕业论文总字数不算摘要和参考文献,指从第一章到最后一章。3、毕业论文总字数一般只算正文部分,专科毕业论文正文字数一般应在5000字以上,本科文学学士毕业论文通常要求8000字以上,硕士论文可能要求在3万字以上(不同院校可能要求不同)。4、毕业论文正文包括前言、本论、结论三个部分。5、前言(引言)是论文的开头部分,主要说明论文写作的目的、现实意义、对所研究问题的认识,并提出论文的中心论点等。前言要写得简明扼要,篇幅不要太长。6、本论是毕业论文的主体,包括研究内容与方法、实验材料、实验结果与分析(讨论)等。在本部分要运用各方面的研究方法和实验结果,分析问题,论证观点,尽量反映出自己的科研能力和学术水平。7、结论是毕业论文的收尾部分,是围绕本论所作的结束语。其基本的要点就是总结全文,加深题意。