如何写sci论文的讨论部分

要点：1、写出3~4层的纲要反复修改多次；2、从Introduction开写，回顾已有的工作；3、要声明文章结构，不要直接进入细节；4、声明工作的动机和基本原理，提出潜在的问题，自己进行回答；5、讲明自己工作与前人的不同，说明自己的贡献及其实际应用前景；6、最后写Summary和Abstract，反复斟酌后确定标题。

众所周知，讨论部分是在结合自己的研究结果基础上，对整个文章的结论的提炼和升华。这一部分是整个论文的精，往往点睛作用。 同时，很多杂志要求结果和讨论分开，这也就更突出了写好讨论的重要性。 那么，我们应该怎样写好讨论部分呢？ 下面我借助Jim Hesson and Eveline Farias-Hesson 的资料来逐步讲解： general outline of a discussion： ?Beginning the Discussion ?Middle of the Discussion ?Taking Credit For Accomplishments of the Study ?Indicating the Novelty of the Study ?Noting Similarity in Findings ?Noting Differences in Findings ?Explaining Why Certain Results Were Obtained ?Concluding the Discussion ?Discussing Limitations ?Possible Applications of the Findings ?A Call for Future Studies ?Concluding Statement 上面是开始写讨论之前的需要思考的问题，在进行每一部分之前，初级写手需要注意区分结果和讨论的区别：一个主要的区别 The discussion section is that it is characterized by a series of points, rather than facts as in the results section (Swales and Feaks, 2004) These points are interpretive rather than descriptive as in the factual reporting in the results section。 根据以上的区分，我们可以认为讨论就是“解释性的，或者说明性的阐述几个观点”，讨论的另一个显著特点是： Compared to the results section, it tends to be: more abstract, general, theoretical, related to the real world, concerned with practical applications and implications, as well as engaged in dialogue with the larger field of study (Swales and Feaks, 2004) The discussion section is where you will draw out, delineate and consolidate the meaning of the results, as well as tactfully dialogue with the broader community of your field and attempt to build community consensus on the meaning of your findings (Swales and Feaks, 2004) 以上的表述说明，讨论部分要和研究结果联系起来，作者不能“天马行空”论述一些和自己的研究结果联系不太大，或者是牵强的理论或者观点。和研究结果的具体，特定，并且量化的特点比较起来，讨论部分应该体现出对研究结果更普遍的注解或者评论，所以讨论中每一个部分往往以陈述作者自己的发现开始： in general, (over all, on average, by and large, on the whole, ) we found 对于整个讨论，或者说讨论的每一个独立的部分，： it may be helpful to think of the discussion as a story, and like other clear and coherent stories, the discussion has a beginning, middle and end (Zeiger, 1999)。 开始： In the beginning of the story, you will introduce the reader to your original purpose, and then name your major findings and present results that support these 中间部分： In the middle, you may show how other work supports your findings; report unexpected results; report on the novelty of the your work; explain conflicting results; suggest why your results are the way they are; explain how results of other studies do not agree with your findings, as well as defending your proposed answer against other possible answers to your main research 最后： At the end of the story, you may also discuss the limits of the method and validity of the assumptions as well as describing applications or implications of your 以上就是很概括的描述了写一个讨论部分需要“keep in mind” 的概念。希望对我们写好英语论文都有点帮助。

讨论部分是sci论文中的精华部分，是把实验结果提高到理论认识的部分，也是唯一可以由作者自由发挥的部分。论文的作者应在讨论中着重阐述整篇论文中有创造性的内容和独到的见解，并根据本文结果，归纳其内在联系，并将全部资料加以综合分析，然后构成几个观念或提出自己的论点。写得好的讨论可以使整篇论文富有吸引力，给读者以深刻的启发和引导。讨论部分写得好坏，除与作者本身的知识水平、思维方法、逻辑推理能力有关外，还包含着一定的方法和技巧。

没什么技巧可言，平时多积累，写作就是讲故事，怎么讲的引人入胜，让别人接着看你的文章，看了后觉得有道理，这就是这篇文章的意义和创新性。摘要很重要，很多人搜索文献时只看摘要。我平时审稿时也先看摘要，摘要写的可以就继续往下看，否则就印象不好，该文章的接收可能性就大为降低