学术英语议论文的结构框架

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essay是我们学习英语过程中经常使用的一种文体，essay包括introduction、main body、conclusion、reference四部分。方法/步骤1标题，如果没有目录可以放在第一页的开头，用“标题字体”加重显示，靠左对齐。如果有目录，标题独立一页显示，用二号字体加重居中显示。2目录，如果内容较多的话，可以考虑用目录，便于别人查看你的EASSY，目录页包括:inroduction,main body(可以分成各个小的章节，例如1、1、2、3、2、1等),conclusion,references的对应页数。可以用word自动生成目录的功能。内容不多的话，就没有必要写了。3Introduction，介绍部分包括文章的介绍和要解决的问题，文章的介绍简单的写出这篇文章的目的，及介绍下文章的结构，文字不要过多，一般占文章10%的字体，一般只有一段。例如：This essay is about the existence or otherwise of It begins by ……介绍部分一定要认真，在组织介绍的同时也给你机会去组织你的论点，如果介绍部分的结构没有组织好，很难继续下面的写作。Introduction应加重左对齐，介绍内容另起一行，靠左对齐写。4main body，内容部分可以分成好多部分，然后每部分有一个小标题，但逻辑要清楚。每部分的标题，应用加重字体，靠左排列。内容另起一行靠左对齐书写。5conclusion，结论是对文章的总结，像introduction一样，必不可少，需要用简单、总结的语句写。多以in conclusion开头。例如：In conclusion, from the deep research on the Chinese and India insurance, different conditions for insurance is clear to Although ……lusion加重字体靠左对齐，conclusion内容另起一行考左对齐书写。6reference，参考文献是指文章中所参考或引用的出处，多以哈佛文献格式，按照作者姓名、年份、书名、出版地、出版社。例如：White, R( 1988) Advertising: What it is and How to do 2nd London: McG每个reference之间要隔一行。如果reference要写两行，第二行需要缩进五个字符。书名要用斜体，且除虚词外的单词首字母要大写。reference的顺序应该以作者姓名的首字母排序。

一，议论文的格式： 　　议论文的格式应由三个部分组成：立论部分，论证部分。结论部分。二，一般说来，议论文可分三个基本段落来写：第一段引出话题，第二段立论且加以论证，第三段给出明确的结论。第二段是中心段落，应试者应将主要的内容放在第二段中，同时也要注意开篇及结尾段落的完整性，且应尽量做到首尾呼应，切忌前后矛盾。 　　三，写作攻略：初中生在写议论文时要首先考虑自己的观点是什么，明确观点后要围绕观点进行论证，最后再进行总结。议论文在写作手法上以议论为主，但有时也要运用说明，叙述，描写等手法。初中议论文的写作格式一般为三段式：开头，主体和结尾。四，一般写作步骤如下：确定主题，引出论点。通过摆事实，讲道理来支持自己的观点。所用的事实，原因，理由应紧密地同结论联系在一起。得出结论。要简明扼要，回扣全文。扩展资料：模板范文Many students think that they do not need to learn Engish, because they don't plan to go abroad。But as to me, I am not in favour of this point of view。I think that English is very important to us, so we should learn English well。First of all, in the opening times, if you want to do business with foreigners, you must use English because most of them speak and write in English。Secondly, in the world today most books are written in English。If you know much English, you can read newspapers and magazines in English。Most important of all, you can learn something more widely。All in all, I hold the opinion that we should learn English well。 And I hope that all the students can use English freely。参考资料：百度百科——英语作文

As is known to all, it is important to be/ do… I think there are at least two reasons for… For one thing,… For another,… Let’s take… for example… From what I have mentioned above we can see that without… we can not … it is clear that… play an important part in…Different people, however, have different opinions on this Some people think that … According to them all of us should… Others argue that … in their point of view, nobody can without … Compared with…, has a lot of advantages over… There is no doubt that … As a consequence, … In short, I firmly support the view that … It is because… So my conclusion is that …(109words)1． 对立观点式： A．有人认为X 是好事，赞成X， 为什么？ B．有人认为X 是坏事， 反对X，为什么？ C．我的看法。 Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。 However, other people stand on a different They consider it harmful to do X They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。 There is some truth in both But I think the advantages of X overweigh the In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的一个坏处。 2． 批驳观点式： A．一个错误观点。 B．我不同意。 Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。（According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。 There might be some element of truth in these people's But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my （以下参照辩论文的议论文写法）。 3． 社会问题（现象）式 A．一个社会问题或者现象。 B．产生的原因 C．对社会和我们生活的影响 D． 如何杜绝。（如果是问题的话） E． 前景的预测。 Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public) According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。（或者是一个例子） There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/ 下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。 X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people 议论文有三要点：论点、论据、论证方法。论点：作者对某事某现象持有的见解或主张。论据：事实论据 理论论据 用来证明论点的理由或根据。论证方法：对比 归纳 演绎等

其实跟中文差不多，总分总、分分总。