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对比观点题型（1） 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。1． 有一些人认为。。。2． 另一些人认为。。。3． 我的看法。。。The topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）. The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .（2） 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一）. For example, they think ②-----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处). In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二)． Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)． 阐述主题题型要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述．１． 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义．２． 分析并举例使其更充实．The good old proverb ----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that ----------------(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form of all,-----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(举例说明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(举例说明). Furthermore , ------------------(理由三)．In my opinion, ----------------(我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it. 解决方法题型要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径１． 问题现状２． 怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点) In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(说明Ａ的现状)．Second, ---------------(举例进一步说明现状) Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一). For another -------------(解决方法二). Finally, --------------(解决方法三).Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(带来的好处). 说明利弊题型这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）１． 说明事物现状２． 事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）３． 你对现状（或前景）的看法Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(Ａ的优点之一). Besides -------------------（Ａ的优点之二）.But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二个缺点)．Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法)．(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(对前景的预测)．) 议论文的框架 (1) 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____. People,however, the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, thereis nodoubtthat ___观点二______. As far as I am concerned, Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat __观点一或二 not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________. （2）利弊型的议论文Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____. Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______. To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___. ( 3 ) 答题性议论文 Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem. As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____. Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____. ( 4 ) 谚语警句性议论文 It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically ) A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____. With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.. 图表作文的框架 as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage inthetable(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that accounting for ______. Ontheonehand, ________. Ontheotherhand,_______ isduetothefactthat , ________ isresponsiblefor convincing. AsfarasIamconcerned,I hold the point of view that _______. Iamsuremyopinionisbothsoundandwell-grounded.实用性写作（申请信 ) Your address
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一、话题作文
Nowadays现在， there are more and more __ _ in _+名词_ _. 在......反面有越来越多的.......It is estimated that ___. 据估计......Why have there been so many ____?为什么有这么多...... Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. 也许原因如下......The first one is ______. 第一个原因是.......Besides，而且......_____. The third one is _____. 第三个原因是......To sum up总之， the main cause of it is due to _____.最主要的原因是由于...... .
It is high time that something were done upon it是时候我们来改善它了. For one thing，一方面我们可以做......_____. For another thing， _____另一方面我们可以....... All these measures will certainly reduce the number of _____. 所有的这些措施都可以确切的减少......
推荐用于写保护环境，爱护动物等作文 。
二、阐述主题题型
要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行
1. 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义.
2. 分析并举例使其更充实.
The good old proverb ----------------(名言或谚语)reminds us that ----------------(释义). 古老的名言谚语告诉我们......Indeed，的确，确实 we can learn many things form it. 我们可以从那些名言学到很多东西
First of all，----------------(首先我们可以学到......). For example, -------------------(例如......). Secondly，---------------(第二我们可以学到). Another case is that ---------------(举例说明).另一个例子为......Furthermore，并且------------------(理由三).
三、解决方法题型
要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径
1. 问题现状
2. 怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)
In recent days，最近we have to face the problem我们需要面对这样一个问题, which is becoming more and more serious. 这个问题变得越来越严重First，首先 ------------(说明A的现状).Second，第二 ---------------(举例进一步说明现状)Confronted with A，（面对A的那种现状） we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.（我们需要采取一些有效的措施来处理这种情况） For one thing， 一方面我们可以---------------(解决方法一). For another thing另一方面我们可以 -------------(解决方法二). Finally,最后我们可以 --------------(解决方法三).
Personally，个人而言 I believe that 我相信-------------(提出我的解决方法). Consequently因此，I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because +从句 我相信我们将迎来美好的未来，因为-------------
四、现象说明文
Recently 最近_______，what amazes us most is__让我最惊奇的是____________,There are many reasons explaining__这里有很多理由可以解释它 main reason is最主要的原因是____________________. what is more并且第三 a result_结果______________. Considering all there，考虑到以上所有的原因 one thing_一方面____________________，for another thing另一方面________ Conclusion总之
五、议论文的框架
01不同观点列举型( 选择型 )
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __+（作文题目）这是一个广受关注的话题_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.但这个热点话题通过人们的口头相传后已经变得越来越受关注 A majority of people think that _ （+观点—）大多数的人认为。。。. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows：让他们产生这种观点的2个要素如下in the first place，___原因一，并且in the second place，___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____. 所以不用说
People，however但是，differ in their opinions on this matter.对这件事有不同的看法 Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.一些人的观点是 In their point of view，在他们看来on the one hand，一方面 ___原因一_______. On the other hand, 另一方面____原因二_____. Therefore，因此 there is no doubt that毫无疑问 ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned,在我看来 I firmly support the view that _（_+观点一或二）我更加坚定的支持......观点______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________.它不只是因为......也是因为......The more _______，the more ________.只有更......才能更......The more we work hard，the more we get.我们只有更加努力，我们才能收获更多。
02利弊型的议论文
Nowadays， there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact，事实上 there are both advantages and disadvantages in __（题目议题）......都有好和坏的一面_____. Generally speaking，一般来说 it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as X有以下几个让我们肯定的方面。Firstly，___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes， "every coin has two sides"，就如一句谚语所言，任何事物都有两面性 （__+讨论议题—）______ is no exception，X X议题也不例外 and in another word，换句话说 it still has negative aspects. 它也有不好的一面To begin with，___缺点一______. In addition， ____缺点二______.
To sum up，总之 we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play，我们应该尽力利用它好的一面 and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.同时尽可能的避免它的缺点 In that case，只有这样 we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.我们才能更加明确的利用好.
03答题型议论文
Currently，there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result，we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all，__途径一______. In addition，another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all，综上所述 to solve the problem of ___作文题目______，解决问题的办法是we should find a number of various ways.我们应该寻找更多的渠道 But as far as I am concerned，但依我而言 I would prefer to solve the problem in this way，我更......
01表达个人观点句型 far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. 就我而言，在某种程度上我同意后者的观点。 far as I am concerned, I am really/completely in favor of the test/policy. 就我而言，我真的/完全支持这场测试/这个政策。 conclusion/a word, I believe that… 总之，我相信...... is some truth in both arguments, but I think the disadvantages of…outweigh its advantages. 这两种观点都有一定的道理，但我认为……的缺点超过了它的优点。 my opinion/view, we should... 在我看来，我们应该...... for me, I… 至于我，我...... I see it, … 正如我看到的，...... my point of view, …. 在我看来，......, I think… 我个人认为...... view is that… 我的观点是...... think/consider… 我认为/考虑...... take/hold a negative/positive view of… 我对......采取/保持消极的/积极的看法。02 原因分析型常用句型 are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones... 有一些原因，但总的来说，归结为三大原因。 are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones. 有很多因素可以解释...…，但以下是最典型的因素。 ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective. 许多方法可以有助于解决这个问题，但以下的可能是最有效的。, the advantages can be listed as follows. 一般而言，优势可以列举如下。 reasons are as follows. 其原因如下。03 因果推理常用句型 we read the book, we have learned a lot. 因为我们读了这本书，我们学到了很多。 we read the book, we will learn a lot. 如果我们读这本书，我们就会学到很多。 read the book;as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we’ve learned a lot. 我们读了这本书，因此/因为这个原因/因为这，我们学到了很多。 a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we’ve learned a lot. 由于读了这本书，我们学到了很多。 cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much. 超重的原因是吃太多了。 is caused by/due to/because of eating too much. 超重是由于吃得太多而引起的。 effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight. 吃太多的影响/结果是超重。 too much causes/results in/leads to overweight. 吃太多导致/导致超重。04 举例型常用句型 is one more example. 这里还有一个例子。 … for example. 以……为例。 same is true of… ......同样是真实的。 offers a typical instance of... 这提供了一个关于......典型的实例。 may quote a common example of… 我们可以引用一个关于......共同的例子。 think of… 仅仅想到想到......05 归纳总结句型 what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that… 通过上面的讨论，我们可以得出结论...... into account all the factors, we may safely come to the conclusion that… 考虑到所有的因素，我们可以得出结论...... from all the evidence offered, we may safely arrive at/reach the conclusion that… 从所提供的所有证据来看，我们可以得出结论...... the evidence supports a sound conclusion that… 所有的证据都支持可靠的结论...... what is mentioned above, we may come to the conclusion that… 从上面提到的，我们可以得出这样的结论...... sum up/draw a conclusion, we find that… 为了总结/得出结论，我们发现...... short/brief/a word/conclusion/sum/, it is… 简而言之/总之，这是......, it can be inferred/concluded/deduced that... 因此，可以推断出...... to what has been discussed above, we can come to/reach/arrive at/draw the conclusion that…. 从/通过/根据上面的讨论，我们可以得出结论……06 议论文常用句型 is believed that… 被认为...... is a fact that… .….. 是一个事实 is well-known that… 众所周知…… is no doubt that… 毫无疑问…… think that... 我认为...... to the popular thought, I prefer… 与流行的想法相反，我更喜欢...... people say/believe/claim that… 有人说/相信/声称...... is generally believed that… 人们普遍认为...... is widely accepted that… . .....是被广泛接受的 is argued/held that… 有人认为...... it is commonly believed that…, I believe… 虽然人们普遍认为……，我相信...... can be concluded that... 可以得出结论......’s views vary from person to person. 人们的观点因人而异。07 图表型常用句型 table/diagram/bar chart/pie graph/tree diagram/curve graph /column chart shows/illustrates/reveals/describes/depicts/reflects that/how… ......表显示出/ 反映出...... graph provides some interesting data regarding… 这张图表提供了一些关于......的有趣的数据。 data/statistics/figures can be interpreted as follows. 数据/统计/数据可以解释如下。 data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that… 数据/统计/数据使我们得出这样的结论。 is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table, … 如图/图表/表格中所示/显示/展示，...... is clear/apparent from the table/chart/diagram/figures that… 从表/图/图中看......是清楚的/明显的。 vertical/horizontal axis stands for… 垂直/水平轴代表...... percentage remained steady/stable. 百分比保持你定。 figures stayed the same. 这些数字保持不变。 figures bottomed out/peaked at… 这些数字在......降到最低/升到最高。 figures reached the bottom/a peak/a plateau during… 这些数字在......期间降到最低/达到顶峰/处于稳定水平
2012年我的财富 从前有两位富翁是邻居，各有一座自家的豪宅。有一天，一场大火席卷街道，烧毁了整条街的房屋，这其中也包括这两幢豪宅。大火烧毁了豪宅里所有值钱的东西，自此以后，他们中的一个便成了穷光蛋，而另外一个却依旧富裕，他并没有因..
搜不到的 关于陕西专升本语文的所有相关内容都找不到的 只能找你们教务 或者以前考过的人问问·~
从前有两位富翁是邻居，各有一座自家的豪宅。有一天，一场大火席卷街道，烧毁了整条街的房屋，这其中也包括这两幢豪宅。大火烧毁了豪宅里所有值钱的东西，自此以后，他们中的一个便成了穷光蛋，而另外一个却依旧富裕，他并没有因此丧失所有的财富。因为他是位高端技术人员，掌握着好几项技术的发明专利，所以，他能用他的知识继续创造财富，几年以后又变成了富翁。那么我想，一个人所拥有的财富并不是他现有物产的价值，而是他创造财富的能力，于我而言，我想，我的财富也应该在于我创造财富的能力吧。
拥有对学习的热情是我创造财富的能力，是我真正的财富。我需要不断学习课内知识，同时也要广泛地了解社会的动向，掌握世界发展的进程。在这一个经济全球化，甚至文化全球相融的世界里，终身学习将成为亿万人选择的人生道路和事业道路的共同途径。读梁启超的《论毅力》，“有毅力者成，反是者败”，我学习他的刻苦勤奋，锲而不舍。读李白的《行路难》，“闲来垂钓碧溪上，忽复乘舟梦日边”，我学习他的开朗豁达与积极进取。读欧阳修的《五代史伶官传序》，“忧劳可以兴国，逸豫可以亡身”，我明白了人需要不断敲响警钟，才能防微杜渐，在巩固已有成果的基础上不断提高。我想，不论出身农民的新东方的创办者俞敏洪，还是蒙牛的总裁牛根生，他们多元集纳的学习能力促成了他们事业的巨大成功，是我学习的榜样。
拥有博爱的之心也是我创造财富的能力，是我真正的财富。只有一颗博爱的心装得下世界，因为你心的宽度成就了世界的宽广。一方有难八方支援，当特大洪水来袭时，当汶川地震来临后，全国各地的人们，甚至是全世界，都团结一致对抗这灾难的时刻。有的捐钱，有的捐物，有的亲临现场参与救助，抗洪战士，武警官兵和医护人员则一直坚守着灾区，奋斗在最前沿，精神令人敬佩与喟叹。我应该不断发展我的博爱之心，物质财富消逝的时候，亲人真挚的爱，和朋友真挚的友情，以及社会的关爱却是永恒的。在这世间再也没有什么比真情更宝贵，因为相互支撑与关爱，人类才得以发展生息，并在此基础上创造更多的精神及物质财富。
海阔凭鱼跃，天高任鸟飞，只有孜孜不倦的学习，提高创造财富的能力，才能丰富人生经历，为社会贡献我的一份力量；只有不断的充实内心世界，用宽容的心态去对待周遭的人和事才能拥有隽永的爱，而这些，才是我真正的财富！
年刀刃磨好了吗
如果成功是一条长河，
积累就是河里追逐的一朵朵浪花；
如果成功是一座高楼，
积累就是筑成它的一块块砖瓦；
如果成功是一把利刃，
积累就是刀刃与石块的每
一次摩擦。人一能之，己百之，人十能之，己千之，其他人一次能成功的事情并
不代表他百分百掌握了做此事的诀窍，也并不能表示他下一次也能成功。所以，
只有不断熟练完善，
对一件事驾轻就熟，
才能百分百地掌握成功的诀窍，
让成功
的基础更加稳固，坚不可摧。磨刀不误砍柴工，每当我向一个目标行进时，我都
会先问问我自己：刀刃磨好了吗？
中国古代有善于积累的纪昌，
他向卫飞学习射箭，
卫飞让他先练习视物不眨眼
睛，纪昌仰卧在妻子的织布机下，坚持了两年。之后，他再练习“视小如大，视
微如著”
，将一个虱子系在牛毛上挂在窗前，练习了三年以后，虱子在他眼中像
车轮一样大。最后他用一箭射穿了虱子，牛毛没有断。卫飞对他说，他这才算是
掌握了射箭的诀窍。
原来所谓射箭的诀窍就在于技巧和能力的积累，
在于一步步
打好坚实的基础。
若是纪昌只是一般人，
他也许隔天拿起弓箭射上几次，
或者好
几天荒废，
这样下来他练习的成果必定不好。
而纪昌重视基本功的训练，
人十能
之，己百之，他不断地熟练完善，打好基本功，才最终将刀刃磨得锋利，在五年
后掌握了学射的诀窍。
外国历史上有科学家爱迪生，
他的发明总是需要经过千百
次乃至上万次的实验，
最后才完全达到成功。
因为他明白这个浅显的道理：
只有
将了各种材料运用到实验，
才能明白用各种材料实验的效果，
只有不断地积累经
验，才能研制出最完美的科研成果。
历史上也有因荒废才学而导致最后埋没才能的例子，
古代历史上曾有一个叫方
仲永的神童，他五岁便可指物作诗，天生才华出众。但因方仲永长久荒疏学业，
没有再进行积累与提高，
到了他二十多岁的时候，
他的才能严重退化，
到三十岁
时他已完全沦为了普通人。
他非但没有将刀刃磨得更加锋利，
更让刀刃一天天地
钝化了，直到最后生锈变了形。
当我们向每一个目标前行时，
都需要扪心自问：
刀刃磨好了吗？只有不断熟练完
善才能对一件事驾轻就熟，
百分百地掌握成功的诀窍。
我们所要的并不是昙花一
现的成就，而是坚实的成功。人一能之，己百之，人十能之，己千之，成功的捷
径就是勤奋与积累，万丈高楼平地起，磨刀不误砍柴工，只有将刀刃磨得锋利，
才能披荆斩棘，所向披靡。
年
模仿，借鉴，创造
学习绘画的人都知道，
素描临摹是基础，
学会了模仿才能构成对物体的清晰认
识，
从中借鉴，
继而用自己的画笔创造。
学习乐器的人都知道，
指法练习是基础，
熟练前人谱写的曲目才能寻找到乐曲的真谛，
从中借鉴，
继而用自己的领悟谱写
新的曲目。不止绘画与乐器，任何学习都是模仿，借鉴，创造的过程，前两者是
基础，
创造则是整个过程的目的与精华所在，
是高楼光彩熠熠的穹顶，
是人们到
达的成功的彼岸。
然而，
所有的成功创造都是个人的辉煌吗？不，
我认为只有建
立在社会利益与道德的基础上发挥的创造力才值得肯定。
中国人在食品安全中完成了化学扫盲：
从大米里我们认识了石蜡；
从银耳里我
们认识了硫磺；
从猪肉里我们认识了瘦肉精；
从海鲜里我们认识了孔雀石绿；
从
咸鸭蛋，
辣椒酱里我们认识了苏丹红；
今天的三鹿又让同胞们知道了三聚氰胺的
化学作用。
将苏丹红运用到食品之中何尝不是一种创造？但这种创造却是消极的，
着色后的食品虽然看上去颜色鲜艳，
秀色可餐，
但却威胁着人体的健康。
将三聚
氰胺运用到牛奶中增加产量何尝不是一种创造？而这种有毒食品添加剂的使用
只增加片面的利益，对人们的不利影响却长远存在。此类的模仿，借鉴，创造，
在上依靠着科学技术，
在下却狠狠将道德踩踏于脚下。
我们不能认可这些与社会
利益与道德背道而驰的创造，
因为它们对社会的发展与提升只有负面消极的影响。
然而，在中外的历史上也有着许许多多依靠模仿，借鉴，创造出的优秀成果。
在中国的四大发明中，
活字印刷术就是对雕版印刷术的模仿与借鉴，
火药则是从
炼丹术中吸取爆破原理进行的创造，
造纸术的发明更是经历了许多岁月，
由把文
字写在甲骨上到竹简，
再由绸布到纸张，
沉淀着前人无数的智慧与经验。
在外国，
哥白尼继承发扬了托勒密的地心学说，
开创了自己的地心学说，
他不顾教会的严
刑酷法依然坚持着自己的学说，
秉持着唯物主义的真理，
推动社会进步。
这些都
是模仿，借鉴，创造的光辉成果，他们积极地吸取前人经验，在模仿中借鉴，在
借鉴中创新，为社会提供了先进的理论与技术，推动着社会的进步与发展。
那些改造了苏丹红，
瘦肉精的人也许也是高端的科研人员，
但他们却将自己的
聪明才智用于了对社会产生消极影响的方面，
而不是进行真正有益于社会的科学
研究。
以维护社会的利益与道德为前提，
我们承袭前人的知识与经验，
进行模仿，
借鉴与创造，相信未来一定会更美好。
英文专业文化方向的论文，这个题目有点大，因为文化有很多方面，比如有交际文化，语言文化，行为文化，礼仪文化等等，你要做的是选取具体的一点或者一种文化，然后对着一中文化进行具体全面的描述。我个人觉得跨文化交际这种话题比较好些，我可以为你提供以下思路。1，首先什么是文化2，文化按照不同的标准可以分为哪几种3，什么是交际。4，文化在交际中有什么功能和作用。5,，不同国家的文化有什么差别以及在跨国交际中应该注意哪些文化差异，并举一些具体的例子来说明。6，结合当今时代的大背景说明跨文化交际在世界经济或者生活中的重大作用 以上是我的一点建议，最重要的是要选取一点细化你地论文，希望能对你有帮助。另外有关跨文化交际的书市面上有很多，你可以自己在网上搜索，选择一下。
先要选择一个切入点，例如对比中外的名字，对比身势语的不同，中外征婚广告的不同，商务谈判，然后我建议你可以去知网上找找相关的论文，看一些论文资料后，你就会知道你要写什么了，论文是一件比较纠结的事，加油哦！
一、话题作文
Nowadays现在， there are more and more __ _ in _+名词_ _. 在......反面有越来越多的.......It is estimated that ___. 据估计......Why have there been so many ____?为什么有这么多...... Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. 也许原因如下......The first one is ______. 第一个原因是.......Besides，而且......_____. The third one is _____. 第三个原因是......To sum up总之， the main cause of it is due to _____.最主要的原因是由于...... .
It is high time that something were done upon it是时候我们来改善它了. For one thing，一方面我们可以做......_____. For another thing， _____另一方面我们可以....... All these measures will certainly reduce the number of _____. 所有的这些措施都可以确切的减少......
推荐用于写保护环境，爱护动物等作文 。
二、阐述主题题型
要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行
1. 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义.
2. 分析并举例使其更充实.
The good old proverb ----------------(名言或谚语)reminds us that ----------------(释义). 古老的名言谚语告诉我们......Indeed，的确，确实 we can learn many things form it. 我们可以从那些名言学到很多东西
First of all，----------------(首先我们可以学到......). For example, -------------------(例如......). Secondly，---------------(第二我们可以学到). Another case is that ---------------(举例说明).另一个例子为......Furthermore，并且------------------(理由三).
三、解决方法题型
要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径
1. 问题现状
2. 怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)
In recent days，最近we have to face the problem我们需要面对这样一个问题, which is becoming more and more serious. 这个问题变得越来越严重First，首先 ------------(说明A的现状).Second，第二 ---------------(举例进一步说明现状)Confronted with A，（面对A的那种现状） we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.（我们需要采取一些有效的措施来处理这种情况） For one thing， 一方面我们可以---------------(解决方法一). For another thing另一方面我们可以 -------------(解决方法二). Finally,最后我们可以 --------------(解决方法三).
Personally，个人而言 I believe that 我相信-------------(提出我的解决方法). Consequently因此，I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because +从句 我相信我们将迎来美好的未来，因为-------------
四、现象说明文
Recently 最近_______，what amazes us most is__让我最惊奇的是____________,There are many reasons explaining__这里有很多理由可以解释它 main reason is最主要的原因是____________________. what is more并且第三 a result_结果______________. Considering all there，考虑到以上所有的原因 one thing_一方面____________________，for another thing另一方面________ Conclusion总之
五、议论文的框架
01不同观点列举型( 选择型 )
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __+（作文题目）这是一个广受关注的话题_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.但这个热点话题通过人们的口头相传后已经变得越来越受关注 A majority of people think that _ （+观点—）大多数的人认为。。。. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows：让他们产生这种观点的2个要素如下in the first place，___原因一，并且in the second place，___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____. 所以不用说
People，however但是，differ in their opinions on this matter.对这件事有不同的看法 Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.一些人的观点是 In their point of view，在他们看来on the one hand，一方面 ___原因一_______. On the other hand, 另一方面____原因二_____. Therefore，因此 there is no doubt that毫无疑问 ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned,在我看来 I firmly support the view that _（_+观点一或二）我更加坚定的支持......观点______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________.它不只是因为......也是因为......The more _______，the more ________.只有更......才能更......The more we work hard，the more we get.我们只有更加努力，我们才能收获更多。
02利弊型的议论文
Nowadays， there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact，事实上 there are both advantages and disadvantages in __（题目议题）......都有好和坏的一面_____. Generally speaking，一般来说 it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as X有以下几个让我们肯定的方面。Firstly，___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes， "every coin has two sides"，就如一句谚语所言，任何事物都有两面性 （__+讨论议题—）______ is no exception，X X议题也不例外 and in another word，换句话说 it still has negative aspects. 它也有不好的一面To begin with，___缺点一______. In addition， ____缺点二______.
To sum up，总之 we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play，我们应该尽力利用它好的一面 and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.同时尽可能的避免它的缺点 In that case，只有这样 we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.我们才能更加明确的利用好.
03答题型议论文
Currently，there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result，we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all，__途径一______. In addition，another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all，综上所述 to solve the problem of ___作文题目______，解决问题的办法是we should find a number of various ways.我们应该寻找更多的渠道 But as far as I am concerned，但依我而言 I would prefer to solve the problem in this way，我更......
1. 自己写的专升本作文,没有好的作文题目 2006年成人高考专升本语文作文题目小作文是：秋天来了 大作文是：以“感动”为题写一篇作文。 2004年：七、作文（50分） 56.题目：目标要求：A.必须写成以议论为主的文章； B.不能少于800字； C.字迹工整，卷面整洁。 2005年：五、作文（50分） 51.题目：各种频繁发生的天灾与人祸，是对人类智慧与生存能力的严峻挑战。 与其坐以待毙，事后问责，不如未雨绸缪，事先预防。请以《防患于未然》为题，写一篇以议论为主的文章，不少于800字。 1998年：七、作文（40分）要求：A：必须写成议论文。 B：不能少于800字。C：字迹工整，卷面整洁。 42.题目：一本好书给我的启示 2002年：七、作文（50分）要求：A.必须写成以议论为主的文章； B.不能少于800字； C.字迹工整，卷面整洁。 61.题目：朋友。 2. 求2017年专升本的英语作文范文 2010年高考英语作文万能模板 一、英语书信的常见写作模板 开头部分： how nice to hear from you again. let me tell you something about the activity. i'm glad to have received your letter of apr. 9th. i'm pleased to hear that you're ing to china for a visit. i'm writing to thank you for your help during my stay in america. 结尾部分： with best wishes. i'm looking forward to your reply. i'd appreciate it if you could reply earlier. 二、口头通知常见写作模板 呼语及开场白部分： ladies and gentlemen, may i have your attention, please? i have an announcement to make. 正文部分： all the teachers and students are required to attend it. please take your notebooks and make notes. please listen carefully and we'll have a discussion in groups. please e on time and don't be late. 结束语部分： please e and join in it. everybody is wele to attend it. i hope you'll have a nice time here. that's all. thank you. 三、议论文模板 1.正反观点式议论文模板 导入： 第1段：recently we've had a discussion about whether we should。 （导入话题） our opinions are divided on this topic.（观点有分歧） 正文： 第2段：most of the students are in favour of it.（正方观点） here are the reasons. first。 second。 finally。（列出2~3个赞成的理由） 第3段：however, the others are strongly against it. （反方观点） their reasons are as follows. in the first place。 what's more。 in addition。 （列出2~3个反对的理由） 结论： 第4段：personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so i support it.（个人观点）オ 2.“a或者b”类议论文模板： 导入： 第1段： some people hold the opinion that a is superior to b in many ways. others, however, argue that b is much better. personally, i would prefer a because i think a has more advantages. 正文： 第2段：there are many reasons why i prefer a. the main reason is that 。 another reason is that。 （赞同a的原因） 第3段： of course, b also has advantages to some extent。 （列出1~2个b的优势） 结论： 第4段： but if all these factors are considered, a is much better than b. from what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that 。 （得出结论） オ 3.观点论述类议论文模板： 导入： 第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题 as a student, i am strongly in favour of the decision. （亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对） the reasons for this may be listed as follows. （过渡句，承上启下） 正文： 第2段：first of all。 secondly。 besides。（列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由） 结论： 第3段：in conclusion, i believe that。 （照应第1段，构成"总—分—总"结构） 4."how to"类议论文模板： 导入： 第1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题 正文： 第2段： many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. first of all。 another way to solve the problem is 。 finally。（列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法） 结论： 第3段：these are not the best but the only o/ three measures we can take. but it should be noted that we should take action to。 （强调解决此类问题的根本方法） 四、图表作文写作模板 the chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题. the first thing we notice is that 图表最大特点 . this means that as （进一步说明）. we can see from the statistics given that 图表细节一 . after 动词-ing细节一中的第一个变化， the动词-ed+幅度+时间（紧跟着的变化） . the figures also tell us that图表细节二 . in the column, we can see that accounts for （进一步描述）. judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that （结论）. the reason for this, as far as i am concerned is that （给出原因）. / it is high time that we （发出倡议）. 五、图画类写作模板：2010年高考英语作文万能模板 1.开头 look at this picture./the picture shows that。/from this picture, we can see。 /as is shown in the picture。/as is seen in the picture。 2.衔接句 as we all know, 。/as is known to all,。 /it is well known that。/in my opinion,。 /as far as i am concerned,。/this sight reminds me of something in my daily life. 3.结尾句 in conclusion。 /in brief。/on the whole。 /in short。/in a word。 /generally speaking。/as has been stated。 3. 帮忙写一篇专升本的英语作文 急用 谢谢大神们 - As a college student,managing time properly is an important lesson I should learn from the high school,college offers students more freedom and interestings to all,professional knowledge is the most important task in college. How to manage our life successfully is a task we must deal with. -There are some points we need to do to manage time. your focus in study and make sure you are trying your best. It will lead you to success quickly. an active part in social activities in your spare 's a good way to enlarge your circle of friends. . . -Finally,。 4. 专升本考试,求篇讨好阅卷老师的英语作文或者万能模版 When we use the word “love”, we do not simplymean an attraction to a person of the opposite sex, which is a very narrowdefinition of the word. Love is emotional strength, which can support us nomatter how dark the world around us bees. In fact, throughout history peopleof many different cultures have regarded love as the noblest of human emotions. As an example of the power of love, we should remember how the Chinese peopleof all nationalities respond to the call to help the victims of naturaldisasters every year. Although their ines are still low by internationalstandards, people all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever theycan ― be it money or goods ― to help their needy fellow citizens. Moreover,they do this with no thought of gain for themselves. In my opinion, the best way to show love is to help people who are moreunfortunate than we are. We should always be ready to give a helping hand tothose who are in trouble, no matter whether they are family members or pletestrangers. In this way, we can help to make the world a better place, for thedarker the shadows of sorrow bee, the more brightly the lamp of love shines. 当我们用“爱”这个词时，我们不仅仅指异性对一个人的吸引，这只是对这个词非常狭隘的解释。 爱心是一种情感的力量，不论我们周围的世界多么黑暗，爱心都能支撑我们。事实上，纵观历史，不同文化背景的人都把爱看成是人类最高尚的情感。 说到爱心的力量，我们马上就会想起每年中国各族人民是如何响应号召支援自然灾害受害者的。尽管按照国际标准他们的收入还处于低水平，全国人民毫不犹豫地倾囊相助――不管是钱还是物――帮助那些有需要的同胞。 而且，他们这么做并不考虑自己的得失。 我认为，表达爱心的最好方式是帮助比我们更加不幸的人。 我们应该随时准备向有困难的人伸出援助之手，无论他们是家庭成员还是素昧平生。这样，我们就能够助一臂之力把世界变成一个更美好的地方，因为，悲伤的阴影越黑暗，爱心之灯的光芒就越闪亮。 There are o major arguments that can be madefor studying at home. First, as advances in the electronic media have broughtthe whole world of scholarship into the home via the Inter and educationalcourses on TV, the classroom is no longer the only place for acquiringknowledge. Second, it is widely held that a person studies better in thefamiliar surroundings of his own home and when he can arrange his own studytime. But we must not lose sight of the fact that there are advantages to studying inthe classroom, too. Being surrounded by people of roughly the same abilitiesand interests can be a great stimulus to acquiring knowledge, whereas studyingin solitude at home is boring for many people. More importantly, there can beno substitute for a good teacher, who must not only be able to impart facts andtheories, but also to appraise and encourage his students. Given the choice beeen these o methods of learning, I prefer the is because I am the sort of person who finds it difficult to concentrateon study in the midst of household chores, and disturbances from visitors andtelephone calls. The classroom environment, I feel, is the only one in whichmost people feel fortable applying all their energies to the all-importanttask of acquiring knowledge. 关于在家学习，我们可以提出两个主要论点。第一，由于电子媒体方面取得的进步把整个世界的知识通过互联网和电视上的教育课程带入了家庭，教室不再是惟一获取知识的场所。 第二，人们普遍认为，在自己家里这样熟悉的环境中，并且能自己安排学习时间，一个人能学得更好。 但是，我们不能忽视在教室里学习也有好处这一事实。 周围都是能力相近和兴趣相投的人可能会对获取知识形成巨大的刺激，而对很多人来说孤独一人在家学习会有些枯燥乏味。更重要的是，没有什么可以替代一个好老师，他不仅能够传道授业，而且能够评估并鼓励学生。 如果在两种学习方法中选择，我更喜欢在教室里学习，因为我是那种很难在家务琐事、客人、电话的打扰下集中注意力学习的人。我认为大多数人只有在教室里才能把全部精力放在获取知识这件十分重要的工作上。 What I Have Lived For Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: thelonging for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for thesuffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hitherand thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to thevery verge of despair. I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy ― ecstasy so great that Iwould often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. Ihave sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness ― that terrible lonelinessin which one shivering consciousness looks 。 5. 2017河南专升本英语高分作文应注意哪些问题 河南专升本公共英文作文的阅卷老师阅读速度很快，每篇作文以平均不到一分钟的速度审核，阅卷老师首先会大致读一下作文内容，并在心里给出作文得分的等级。 一等分数为20-25分；二等分数为15分-19分；三等分数为15分以下。因此，整篇作文的第一印象很重要。 一、首先要做到卷面清爽，尽量减少修改卷面整洁的专升本作文分数一般都不会太低，阅卷老师喜好阅读字迹工整的文章，让人看上去舒服的卷面，应尽量减少修改，如果字体优美的话就更占优势了。二、杜绝错误拼写专升本作文应杜绝拼写错误的单词，尤其是简单的词汇。 如果考生有拿不准的单词应尽量替换为熟悉的单词。如果有拼写错误的单词不仅会因此扣分，还会影响整体作文分数的等级。 三、善用实词专升本英语作文应多用实词，少用虚词。比如在形容一个人很好的时候，不要总用nice这样太过简单空洞的词汇。 应尽量多使用一些诸如generous,humorous,interesting,smart,gentle,warm-hearted之类的形容词。善用这些实词会将你的作文等级大大提升。 四、巧用连词改长句专升本作文中如果长句的连词应用得当，会成为加分的亮点。常用的连词有以下几个：表递进关系：furthermore, what is more表转折：however/but 但是表对比：not that …but that…不是…而是…/ one hand….on the other hand一方面…另一 方面…/ unlike…与…不同/not so much….as…与其…不如…表目的：for the………为了…表因果：therefore因此，所有/ so 所以表例证：for example表假设：if 如果表让步：although…虽然……（注意：后不可接but！虽然但是不可这样连用）/of course 当然…/clearly…显然…相关的过渡语常见的有以下几种：表示时间顺序： first, then, afterwards, meanwhile, later,first of all, finally, at last…表示空间顺序： near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side…表示比较、对照： like, unlike, such as, but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, otherwise…表示因果关系： because, for, as a result, therefore, thus…表示递进关系： besides, what's more, what was worse, moreover, furthermore, in addition, on top of…表示并列关系： and, as well as, also…表示总结性： in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in brief, to conclude五、巧妙变换句式例如：I think that。 宾语从句，是考生最常使用的句式。 如果变换成另一种句式I have a thought that。 同位语从句，立刻让人眼前一亮，为作文平添光彩。还比如：I hear that也是很多考生常用的句式。 如果换成It is reported that。 或者There is a piece of news that 同样的意思，却明显体现出了考生知识运用的差距。后者明显分数会更高！六、要灵活变通在批改过上万份同学们英语作文中，经常能发现一些将中文生硬地翻译成英文的表达法。 有一句话叫做“立志如山，行道如水”，写英文作文，一e799bee5baa6e78988e69d83339定要有决心把它 写好，有信心把意思表达清楚，这是“立志如山”；但关键是遇到问题时要有个灵活的态度，能像流水一样变通解决问题。有个翻译界的故事说：在某大型国际会议 的招待会上，一道菜是用鸡蛋做的。 与会的客人问翻译：“What is it made of”本来是非常简单的一个问题，结果翻译太紧张，忘了“egg”这个词，但是他急中生智，回答：“It is made of Miss Hen's son.”这里，就是一个灵活变通的范例。绕道表达，是写作中应该常常运用的一种方法。 七、要心有全局英文写作如果结构意识良好，应试写作就简化成为一个填空的过程了，适当地填入观点、素材，文章就自然而然立起来了。临考在即，特编顺口溜如下：细审题，巧构思，列要点，防遗漏。 写日记，同汉语；书信，通知格式要牢记。看清图表细梳理，写人记事按顺序；完稿后查遗漏，整洁干净莫忘记。
英语专业毕业论文-英语委婉语的交际功能摘要委婉语是人类使用语言过程中的一种普遍现象。它不仅是一种社会语言现象,更是一种文化现象。不管是在日常生活还是在涉外交际中，我们都要进行语言交流。由于某些生活习惯或习俗差异，以及不同文化背景的社会具有不同的忌讳，这时我们就必须学会使用委婉语以避免尴尬或不愉快。所以本文从语言学的角度，试图通过具体的例子来探究在特定的语言环境下英语委婉语的交际功能。只有认知委婉语在不同背景、不同环境下的使用方式，才能够调整好礼貌程度，从而把给对方的伤害降到最低限度，达到成功的交际目的。委婉语可以反映出各种各样的社会心理,从而也体现出了委婉语的各种社会交际功能。委婉语在各个领域都有广泛的应用，对于我们学好英语，进行有效的跨文化交际有很大的帮助。关键词：委婉语；功能；忌讳；交际Communicative Function of English EuphemismAbstractEuphemism is a common phenomenon when people use language, which is not only a social language phenomenon, but it is also a cultural phenomenon. We all need to communicate in our daily life or in diplomacy. However, because of the difference of life habit or custom and the taboo of different culture, we must learn to use Euphemism to avoid embarrassment or unhappiness. Therefore, through linguistic facet, this paper tries to research into communicative function of English Euphemism in certain language condition by special examples. Only when can we know how to make use of Euphemism in different background and environment, we can use the proper Euphemism to minimize hurt to people and to achieve the purpose of effective communicative Euphemism reflects all kinds of social mentality and social communicative function. Euphemism is also widely used in every field, so it is good for us to study English and do effective multi-cultural intercommunication. Key words: euphemism; function; taboo; intercommunication委婉语（Euphemism）一词源自希腊语的前缀eu=well 和词根pheme=speaking。根据《英语委婉语详解词典》的定义，委婉语是一种用无害的或悦耳的词语替代那些较直接的、唐突的言词，用善意的话语把事实掩盖起来的修饰手段。它不仅是一种社会语言现象，更是一种文化现象。随着社会的进步，人类文明的发展，委婉语始终伴随着整个社会的言语交际过程，且充分显示了它的交际功能。委婉语在各个领域都有广泛的应用，所以委婉语的交际功能的了解对于我们学好英语，进行有效的跨文化交际有很大的帮助。一. 避讳功能由于人对于某些事物或现象的恐惧，在语言表达时不愿言、不敢言，但有时又不得不表达出此种意思，于是人们便学会用委婉语来代替。各个民族中对于“死”的说法都有各自的委婉语。讲英语的国家的人们和许多民族一样，忌讳直接说英语中的“死”也有多种表现形式。例如：人们常用“去了”（to pass away）, “离别了”（to depart）, “离开了我们”（to leave us）, “睡着了”（to go to sleep）, “去天国”（to go to heaven）, “最后一觉”（final sleep）,得到安息 (to have found rest)等词来代替说某人“死了”（to die）。
求本科英语专业 毕业论文一篇题目为 《 傲慢与偏见 》的幽默与讽刺 要求 符合英语专业论文要求 英文论文 字数 五千字左右 不可抄袭 要求原创 （有网站可检测） 大致 文献我已找好 可供参考 主要研究内容.： 本论文主要研究在《傲慢与偏见》这部作品中，叙述几位村镇中产阶级姑娘谈婚论嫁的故事时随处可见的幽默和讽刺。论文的主体部分首先介绍了幽默和讽刺手法产生的背景特点，让读者能大概的了解这两者的定义区别和联系；接着介绍幽默和讽刺在刻画人物形象及叙述事情发展经过中的应用；最后详细阐明故事中体现的幽默和讽刺与表现主题表达主旨的紧密关系。从而对整部作品进行尝试性的分析，通过这一部分的论述，论文自然得出结论：作者用精心挑选的语言，借幽默和讽刺最生动活泼的抒发，表达出了对人性最透彻的了解，使两者写作手法珠联璧合，不动声色却可以微言大义，《傲慢与偏见》无疑也是英国小说的幽默和讽刺传统中的一块重要基石。 摘要: 小说《傲慢与偏见》中幽默与讽刺的运用非常突出,特别是在潜移默化的心理视角和人物对话进行故事情节的叙述时，所反映出烘托人物之间的矛盾，突出、昭彰了人物的形象特点的作用。本文将针对《傲慢与偏见》中幽默与讽刺的具体应用，揭示出言语行为理论应用于文学作品赏析的可行性,这也使我们对这一理论应用于具体文本分析的有效性有了更充分的认识。 【1】 Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice [M ]. London: Bantam Classic edition 1981. 34. 【2】Sperber，D. ＆Wilson，D. Irony and the use － mention distinction［A］. In:P. Cole( ed. ) Radical Pragmatics［C］. New York:Academic Press，1981:295 － 318. 【3】Sperber，D. ＆ Wilson，D. Relevance: Communication and Cognition［M］. Oxford: Bladkwell，1986 /1995. 【4】 Genette, G Narrative Discourse [ J ]. Ithaca: Cornell 1980. 69. 【5】 Percy Lubbock. The Craft of Fiction [M]. London: Jona than Cape, 1921. 117. 【6】 Lefroy, Helen. Jane Austen [J ]. Xian Global Books Publishing Company, 1998. 【7】 ]Austin , J .L. How to Do Things with Words [M].Oxford : Oxford University Press , 19621 【8】 ]Pratt , M. L. Toward a Speech Act Theory of Literary Discourse [M]Bloomington, IN: Indianna University Press , 1977171 【9】 Haverkate , H. A Speech Act Analysis of Irony [J] . Journal of Pragmatics , 1990 , (14) :1001 【10】 《在理性和感性之间—谈“奥斯丁的反讽”》，林文深，[J]《 外国文学评沦》，2005年第4期 【11】胡舒莉.《傲慢与偏见》:全反讽的艺术［J］. 镇江师范学院学报，2001 年第1 期. 【12 】 朱小舟. 言语行为理论与《傲慢与偏见》中的反讽[ J ]. 外语与外语教学, 2002 (8).
一般要求都是英文的，没有办法。要努力了。主要是和导师沟通。
不能。英语毕业论文要全英的，不可以用中文；在整篇论文中只有中文摘要，其他都是英文的。毕业论文（graduationstudy），按一门课程计，是普通中等专业学校、高等专科学校、本科院校、高等教育自学考试本科及研究生学历专业教育学业的最后一个环节，为对本专业学生集中进行科学研究训练而要求学生在毕业前总结性独立作业、撰写的论文。
专四作文模板及句型是如下：
万能模板：
1、Many people insist that... 很多人(坚持)认为。
这句话乍看没亮点，但将众人皆知的"think"换为"insist"有没有觉得高大上了许多？
2、With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that，随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为。
3、A lot of people seem to think that，很多人似乎认为。
"think"终于闪亮登场，但"seem to"为整个句子增添了点婉转之感，这种客观的方式貌似较受老外喜爱。
专四作文句型：
1、It is high time that we put an end to the (trend). 该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。
"It is high time" 打头，为该句增色。注：that 后跟虚拟语气，后跟动词的一般过去式，表示“是某人做。。。的时候了”或者“是某人不做。的时候了”。
2、It is time to take the advice of ，and to put special emphasis on the improvement of ，该是采纳，的建议，并对，的进展给予非常重视的时候了。
去掉一个"high"，画风完全不一样，不用过去式，只需用"to do"来替代。
3、There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of ... 毫无疑问，对，问题应予以足够的重视。
4、Obviously，If we want to do something, it is essential that，显然，如果我们想做某事，我们需要。
这句有些老生常谈，稍微不“常”的就是"essential"替代了"important"。
英语作文是可以提前积累一些模板的，在考试的时候套用这些句型，可以提高写作速度，也可以确保句式的准确性。下面是英语议论文的万能模板及范文，速看！
英语议论文写作模板一
recently the issue of whether or not______(讨论话题) has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public. there are two major arguments that can be made for_________. for one thing， __________can bring ____ to_____________(优点 一 )。 for another， it is widely hold that people usually ____when ________________________________(优点二)。
but we must not lose sight of the fact that there are also drawbacks to__________， among which are ____________(列举缺点)。 for instance， it can be __________to _____________(举例说明)。 in addition， many people find it ________(形容词)to _______________(第二个缺点)
when asked to __________， i tend to ____________. this is because i _______________(原因 一 )。 furthermore， _______________________(原因二)。 finally， ______________(原因三)。
英语议论文写作模板二
the effects ___________ has produced on____________ can be boiled down to two major ones.
first ， __________________(影响 一 )。 more importantly， ________________(影响二)。 hence， i believe that we will see a ____________(提出展望)/ nevertheless， i do not think we will see a ______(或反面展望)
there are numerous reasons why ____， and i would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. the first is that the more(比较级)_____， the more (比较级)。 in addition， we all agree that________________________(第二个原因)
In recent years, college students find it increasingly difficult to get a job. It sounds strange since young college students are usually intelligent, well-educated phenomenon, aspirant and eager to bring their talent into full play. Then what underlies the strange phenomenon?
近几年，大学生发觉找工作越来越难了。这听起来很奇怪，因为年轻的大学生通常是聪明的，受过良好教育，上进和渴望他们的才华得到充分发挥的。那么，是什么引起这一奇怪现象呢？
There are several reasons for this. To begin with, nowadays college students aim too high. All they want are “good” jobs which could offer good salary, comfortable working conditions, high social status among others. Consequently, most college students are unwilling to accept vacant jobs they consider not “good” enough. Another reason is that there is a big gap between the majors some students study in school and the demands of vacant jobs. So companies think some students are not fit for the jobs.
有很多原因可以解释。首先，现在大学生的要求太高了。他们想要的是能提供较好的薪酬，舒适的工作环境，较高的社会地位的好工作。结果，大部分的大学生都不愿意接受他们认为不够好的空缺职位。另一个原因是一些学生在校学习的专业和空缺职位的需求有很大的差距。所以企业认为有些学生不适合那些工作。
Solution to the problem requires efforts on both the society and the students. The companies should value the students, talent and knowledge while the latter should not merely aim at material gains. They should be down-to–earth in building up their career. Furthermore, they should face their weak points so as to improve themselves and be more competent.
解决这一问题需要社会和学生的共同努力。企业应该看重学生，才能以及知识，而学生不应该只着眼于物质利益。他们应该脚踏实地的建立自己的职业生涯。另外，他们应该面对他们的弱点从而提高自己，使自己更有能力。
2019专四作文万能模板：议论文类英语专四作文是考试中分值较大的一部分，新东方在线特地为考生们整理了英语专四作文万能模板，希望对于作文不会编写的同学能有所帮助。 2019专四作文备考不可或缺的专四作文万能模板正反观点议论文模板导 入： 第1段：Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题) Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧)正文： 第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点) Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个zan成的理由)第3段：However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点) Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由)结论： 第4段：Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点)“A或者B”类议论文模板导 入： 第1段：Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.正文： 第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(zan同A的原因)第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势)结论： 第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论)观点论述类议论文模板导 入：第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题 As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是zan成还是反对) The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句，承上启下)正文： 第2段：First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个zan成或反对的理由)结论： 第3段：In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段，构成"总—分—总"结构)"How to"类议论文模板导 入： 1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题正文： 第2段： Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法)结论： 第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)声明：如本网转载稿涉及版权等问题，请作者致信，我们将及时处理。