发布时间：
近年来,英语专业学生思辨能力的培养受到外语教育界的广泛关注，于是英语议论文也开始兴起。以下是我为大家整理的关于300字英语议论文范文，给大家作为参考，欢迎阅读!
300字英语议论文范文篇1
Everyone dreams about the future. I also have a dream about my life in 20 years. I will live inShanghaiwith my families because we like it very much. It will be more beautiful. I will teach in a middle school. I will be a good English teacher.
I will love my students, and my students will love me, too. We will be good friends. I will do sports with my students every day. Swimming and running will be my favorite sports. I will be healthy and strong. There will be more robots everywhere. They will help us do many things. I believe we will have more time to study and play.
This is my future dream. What do you think of it?
300字英语议论文范文篇2
My ideal work has many, for instance doctor, police, boss, entrepreneur, scientist .
But I most like working as boss. When boss has many advantage for example: May make money, buy the house, to buy the car, to be filial piety the parents, to make the contribution, the gang disaster area person for the Project Hope to do decides the life the expense .......
I thought that I certainly will work as boss in the future. What but I most am now main is studies well, can work as boss.
300字英语议论文范文篇3
My future will be happy. I already graduated at that time from the university. I will have a stable will have my family, my husband,and a lovely child. What will be my future job?
I have many ideals. I want to work as a singer, stands on the stage sings for the people; I want to work as a nurse, cure illness, brings the health for the people; I want to work as a pilot, drives the airplane in the blue sky; I want to work as a gardener, with a little bit sweat irrigation flowers, lets our life forever fill the green. After growing want to ba a will have many day I will give many classes to them. I will become a teacher who is always preparing my can certainly be a good teacher in the future.
I will also be a volunteer of my city. I will help a great deal of many meaningful things. I will Make contribution to my city and the society.
If I can became an teacher, they are my forever hopes. this will be my future, when a grade teacher's dream.
I will have a bright I will study hard and make preperation for my future.
300字英语议论文范文篇4
It's my dream to be a teacher .
Why do I have this dream ? Becasue I like this teachers are sometimes strict with us. They are always friendly to us and often help us with our study .They not only teach us too much knowledge, but also tell a lot of principle .So I'd like to became a teacher in the future . From now on , I should go on working hard and listen to the teacher carefully in the I Should
在Word里面有template的，theses就是了。
英语专业毕业论文标准格式模板免费下载英语专业毕业论文范文的方法英语专业毕业论文不限量免费下载的方法中国知网免费入口不限量免费下载英语专业毕业论文的方法英语专业毕业论文职称论文范文的不限量免费下载方法参考文献的标准格式的免费不限量下载方法【超实用】
一、英语论文的标题一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中).如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:dr./)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:english 734或british novel).打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为(论文其他部分行距同此).就学生而言,如果英语论文篇幅较短,亦可不做标题页(及提纲页),而将标题页的内容打在正文第一页的左上方.第一行为作者姓名,与打印纸顶端距离约为,以下各行依次为教师学衔和姓、课程编号(或名称)及日期;各行左边上下对齐,并留出左右的页边空白(下同).接下来便是论文标题及正文(日期与标题之间及标题与正文第一行之间只需隔行打印,不必留出更多空白).二、英语论文提纲英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为左右)的始端打上 thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐.主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出.各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母;处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐.需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有ⅰ应有ⅱ,有a应有b,以此类推.如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码).三、英语论文正文有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约.段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起.正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码;阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格.在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格.四、英语论文的文中引述正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节;既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 (即英语论文参考文献)的规范性.引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用.无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处.目前美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处.现针对文中引述的不同情况,将部分规范格式分述如下.五、英文参考文献格式单一作者著作的书籍:姓,名字首字母.(年). 书名(斜体). 出版社所在城市:出版社.Sheril, R. D. (1956). The terrifying future: Contemplating color television. San Diego: Halstead.两位作者以上合著的书籍:姓,名字首字母., & 姓,名字首字母.(年). 书名(斜体). 出版社所在城市:出版社. Smith, J., & Peter, Q. (1992). Hairball: An intensive peek behind the surface of an enigma. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University Press.文集中的文章:Mcdonalds, A. (1993). Practical methods for the apprehension and sustained containment of supernatural entities. In G. L. Yeager (Ed.), Paranormal and occult studies: Case studies in application (pp. 42–64). London: OtherWorld Books.期刊中的文章(非连续页码):Crackton, P. (1987). The Loonie: God's long-awaited gift to colourful pocket change? Canadian Change, 64(7), 34–37.期刊中的文章(连续页码):姓,名字首字母.(年). 题目. 期刊名(斜体). 第几期,页码.Rottweiler, F. T., & Beauchemin, J. L. (1987). Detroit and Narnia: Two foes on the brink of destruction. Canadian/American Studies Journal, 54, 66–146.月刊杂志中的文章:Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.(学术堂提供更多论文知识)
博士学位论文格式及字体要求
博士学位论文可用中文撰写，也可用外文撰写。用中文撰写的博士学位论文，按“中山大学学位论文格式要求”撰写。用外文撰写的博士学位论文，按“中山大学外国语学院研究生学位论文格式要求”撰写。
英语语言文学专业博士学位论文如用英文撰写，必须用电脑进行文字输入。要求英文用Times New Roman 12号字体;中文用宋体、5号字体，行距。用A4(210mm X 297mm)白纸打印。除封面、扉页1、扉页2、原创性声明、中、英文文摘用单面复印外，其余均要求双面复印。学位论文的封面和封底由学校研究生院统一印刷，博士生应按要求认真填写，并在学位论文封面的编号处打印上自己的.学号。
博士学位论文正文的长度一般不少于100页。
博士学位论文除封面和封底外，其主体部分应包括如下内容：
1. 扉页1(Title page one)。 该页的内容有：论文的中文标题、英文标题、专业名称、作者中文姓名、导师中文姓名、答辩委员会主席和成员的签名。
2. 扉页2，又称书名页(Title page two)。 该页应全用外文著录，内容包括：学位论文标题、专业名称、作者姓名、导师姓名、学位授予单位的全称(即：中山大学)、论文提交的日期。注意，在“学位授予单位”的上方，应写上这条款目：
A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment
of the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
3. 致谢(Acknowledgements)。
4. 英文、中文摘要(English and Chinese Abstracts)(含关键词3-8个)。 英文摘要一般不超过300单词，中文摘要300字左右。
5. 目录(Contents)。
6. 前言或绪论(Introduction)。
7. 正文(Main text)。
8. 讨论(Discussion)
9. 结论(Conclusion)。
10.注释(Notes)( 必要时)和参考文献(References)。
11.附录(Appendix)(必要时)。 如果正文中的表格和插图较多，可分别列出清单，标出页码，附在目录之后。
12.原创性声明。
英语语言文学专业博士学位论文注释和参考文献的格式按《中山大学外国语学院英语专业研究生学位论文注释和参考文献格式要求》著录。参见文后附录。
博士学位论文的撰写除符合课程论文的要求外，还要有一定的文献综述，要特别着重发挥自己的见解，有补充前人或纠正前人的地方，即在问题的提出、分析、解决等方面有独到之处。英语表达要精炼，文章布局应层次分明，逻辑严密;写作论文过程中除参考中英文有关文献之外，还要及时吸收新的研究成果和新的研究方法，包括利用信息高速公路获取最新的有关资料。博士学位论文必须有公开出版的价值。
8.金融类毕业论文(设计)排版格式要求与技巧
以上是我为大家整理的博士学位论文格式及字体要求，希望对大家有所帮助。
学位论文参考文献标准格式
在写论文的时候，我们应该怎么书写参考文献呢？知道学位论文参考文献标准格式吗？以下是我精心准备的学位论文参考文献标准格式说明，大家可以参考以下内容哦！
一、参考文献的类型
参考文献（即引文出处）的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下：
M——专著 C——论文集 N——报纸文章
J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——报告
对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。
对于英文参考文献，还应注意以下两点：
①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则，具体格式是：姓，名字的首字母.如： Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为：Cowley, .，如果有两位作者，第一位作者方式不变，&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面，姓放在后面，如：Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为：Norris, F. & .；
②书名、报刊名使用斜体字，如：Mastering English Literature，English Weekly。
二、参考文献的格式及举例
1.期刊类
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名，出版年份，卷号（期号）：起止页码.
【举例】
[1] 王海粟.浅议会计信息披露模式[J].财政研究，2004,21(1)：56-58.
[2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业论文教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育，2004(1):46-52.
[3] Heider, . The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 – 67.
2.专著类
【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码.
【举例】
[4] 葛家澍，林志军.现代西方财务会计理论[M].厦门：厦门大学出版社，2001：42.
[5] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45.
3.报纸类
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名，出版日期（版次）.
【举例】
[6] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N].光明日报，1998-12-27(3).
[7] French, W. Between Silences: A Voice from China[N]. Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8-15(33).
4.论文集
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.
【举例】
[8] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海：上海译文出版社，1979：12-17.
[9] Spivak,G. “Can the Subaltern Speak?”[A]. In & L. Grossberg(eds.). Victory in Limbo: Imigism [C]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, .
[10] Almarza, . Student foreign language teacher’s knowledge growth [A]. In and (eds.). Teacher Learning in Language Teaching [C]. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1996. .
5.学位论文
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[D].出版地：保存者，出版年份：起始页码.
【举例】
[11] 张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集[D].北京：北京大学数学系数学研究所,1983：1-7.
6.研究报告
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[R].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.
【举例】
[12] 冯西桥.核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB分析[R].北京：清华大学核能技术设计研究院,1997：9-10.
7.条例
【格式】[序号]颁布单位.条例名称.发布日期
【举例】
[15] 中华人民共和国科学技术委员会.科学技术期刊管理办法[Z].1991—06—05
8.译著
【格式】[序号]原著作者.书名
[M].译者，译.出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码.
三、注释
注释是对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明。注释前面用圈码①、②、③等标识。
四、参考文献
参考文献与文中注（王小龙，2005）对应。标号在标点符号内。多个都需要标注出来，而不是1-6等等，并列写出来。
最后，引用毕业论文属于学位论文，如格式5
5.学位论文
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[D].出版地：保存者，出版年份：起始页码.
【举例】
[11] 张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集[D].北京：北京大学数学系数学研究所,1983：1-7.
学位论文格式模板
一、学位论文的基本要求
硕士学位论文，要求对所研究的课题有新见解或新成果，并对本学科发展或经济建设、社会进步有一定意义，表明作者掌握坚实的基础理论和系统的学科知识，具有从事学术研究或担负专门技术工作的能力。学位论文应在导师指导下，由硕士研究生本人独立完成。
博士学位论文，要求对所研究的课题在材料、角度、观点、方法、理论等方面或某方面有创新性成果，并对学术发展、经济建设和社会进步有较重要的意义，表明作者掌握坚实宽广的基础理论和系统深入的学科知识，具有独立从事学术研究的'能力。学位论文应在导师指导下，由博士研究生本人独立完成。
学位论文应当用规范汉字进行撰写，除古汉语研究中涉及的古文字和参考文献中引用的外文文献之外，均采用简体中文撰写。
学位论文必须是一篇[或一组相关论文组成的一篇]系统完整的、有创造性的学术论文。
不符合上述要求的，一律不接受其学位论文答辩申请。
二、学位论文的一般格式
学位论文一般应依次包括下述几部分：
1. 封面(参见附件1)。
2.版权声明。
3. 题目：应准确概括整个论文的核心内容，简明扼要，让人一目了然。一般不宜超过20个字。
4. 中文摘要：内容摘要要求在3000字以内，应简要说明本论文的目的、内容、方法、成果和结论。要突出论文的创新之处。语言力求精炼、准确。在本页的最下方另起一行，注明本文的关键词(3-5个)。
5. 英文摘要：英文摘要上方应有题目，内容与中文摘要相同。在英文题目下面第一行写研究生姓名，专业名称用括弧括起置于姓名之后，研究生姓名下面一行写导师姓名，格式为Directed by...。最下方一行为英文关键词(Keywords 3-5个)。参见附件2。
6. 目录：既是论文的提纲，也是论文组成部分的小标题。
7. 序言(或序论、导论)：内容应包括本课题对学术发展、经济建设、社会进步的理论意义和现实意义，国内外相关研究成果述评，本论文所要解决的问题，论文运用的主要理论和方法、基本思路和论文结构等。
8. 正文：是学位论文的主体。根据学科专业特点和选题情况，可以有不同的写作方式。但必须言之成理，论据可靠，严格遵循本学科国际通行的学术规范。
9.注释：可采用脚注或尾注的方式，按照本学科国内外通行的范式，逐一注明本文引用或参考、借用的资料数据出处及他人的研究成果和观点，严禁抄袭剽窃。
10. 结论：论文结论要明确、精炼、完整、准确，突出自己的创造性成果或新见解。应严格区分本人研究成果与他人科研成果的界限。
11.参考文献：按不同学科论文的引用规范，列于文末(通篇正文之后)。外文用原文，不必译成中文(参见附件3)。
文献是期刊时，一般书写格式为：作者、篇名、期刊名、年月、卷号、期数、页码。
文献是图书时，一般书写格式为：作者、书名、出版单位、年月、版次、页码。
12. 附录：包括正文内不便列入的公式推导，便于读者加深理解的辅助性数据和图表，论文使用的符号意义，缩略语，程序全文和有关说明，其它对正文的必要补充等。
13. 作者的致谢、后记或说明等一律列于论文末尾。
14. 学位论文原创性声明和授权使用说明(导师和作者本人均需签名)。
15. 封底。
研究生学位论文格式要求及撰写规范
研究生学位（毕业）论文是研究生培养质量和学术水平的集中体现。高质量、高水平的学位（毕业）论文不仅在内容上有创造性和创新性，而且在形式上也应具有一定的规范性和严谨性。为进一步提高学位（毕业）论文质量，提高论文的水准，使我校研究生的学术观点、学术研究得到科学、准确地反映，参考我国高校学位（毕业）论文和学报论文编排规范，特制定如下规定。
学位申请者应严格按照本规范撰写。凡不符合本规范的论文，研究生学院将退回作者修改后再做形式审查。
一、研究生学位（毕业）论文格式要求
（一）学位（毕业）论文的组成部分与排列顺序
学位（毕业）论文，一般由封面、扉页、独创性声明及版权授权书、中文摘要、英文摘要、目录、(插图和附表清单)、(主要符号表)、引言、正文、结论、参考文献、(附录)、在读期间已发表论文、作者简历、致谢等部分组成，其中带括号部分根据论文类型不同可选。学位（毕业）论文按以上顺序书写编排。
1.封面：
中文学位（毕业）论文题目；
学位申请人；
指导教师；
学科专业（专业学位除外）：专业名称、专业领域名称严格按照专业目录和培养方案填写；
学位类别：按照专业所属门类填写：哲学、经济学、法学、理学、工学、农学、医学、管理学；专业学位类别；
授予单位：河北农业大学
答辩日期；
2、扉页：
分类号：按《中国图书资料分类法》要求填写；
密级：涉密论文，由院学位评定分委员会根据国家规定的密级范围和法定程序审查确定密级，并注明相应保密年限；不需保密的论文不用填写；
单位代码：10086；
学号；
中英文学位（毕业）论文题目；
其余项目同封面(2)～(7)；
3、独创性声明和关于论文使用授权的说明（需研究生和指导教师亲笔签名）。
4、中文摘要:论文摘要内容字数不少于800字，关键词4～6个。
5、英文摘要：包括论文题目、作者、专业、指导教师、摘要内容、关键词。摘要内容和关键词与中文摘要一致。
6、目录：目录最多列至三级标题，以阿拉伯数字分级标出。
7、插图和附表清单：论文中如果图、表较多，可以另起一页分别列出清单列于目录之后。图表的清单应有序号、图表名称和页码。
8、符号、标志、缩略词、计量单位、名词、术语等注释说明，可以集中列于图表的清单之后。
9、引言
10、正文
11、结论
12、参考文献
13、附录
14、在读期间发表的学术论文（必须以河北农业大学名义发表的文章）：
署名为第一作者的已发表论文复印件，包括刊物封面、目录、版权页和论文全文及被索引的相关证明。
15、作者简历：内容一般包括：姓名、性别、出生日期、籍贯、最后学历（学位）、毕业院校、工作经历；在学期间参加的研究项目、发表论文、申请专利、获奖情况等。学术论文应正式发表，或有正式录用函。罗列作者著作及学术论文应与参考文献所列格式相同。
16、致谢：致谢对象限于对课题研究、学位（毕业）论文完成等方面有较重要帮助的人员。
（二）学位（毕业）论文排版要求
1、论文开本及版芯
论文开本大小：210mm×297mm（A4纸），左侧装订，装订后的尺寸为205×287。版芯要求(指A4纸)：左边距：30mm，右边距：25mm，上边距：
30mm，下边距：25mm，页眉边距：23mm，页脚边距：18mm。
2、 论文用中文撰写（可附相应英文副本）。博士学位（毕业）论文一般5~10万字，硕士学位（毕业）论文一般3万字以上，用计算机打印，字迹要清楚，标点符号要正确，错别字率不得超过1‰。
3、封面和扉页：按研究生学院要求进行制作。
4、 目录：建议使用自动生成目录，格式为：“目 录”黑体三号，字符间距为一个字符，段前段后间距为1行。目录中中文字体为宋体、页码为Times New Roman字体，字号自定。
5、 中文摘要：“摘要”字体为黑体小四号，水平居中；内容另起一行，字体为宋体小四号；“关键词”另起一行，字体为黑体小四号，词条为宋体小四号，词条之间用分号隔开。
6、 英文摘要：字体均为Times New Roman；论文题目字号为加粗12pt，水平居中；作者、专业、指导教师字号为；“Abstract”字号为加粗12pt，水平居中；内容字号为12pt；“Key words:”字号为加粗12pt，词条字号为12pt，词条之间用分号隔开。
7、标题：论文一般分三级标题
一级标题：黑体，三号，段前、段后间距为1行，居中
二级标题：宋体，四号，段前、段后间距为1行（空小四号字大小），左对齐
三级标题：黑体，小四号，段前、段后间距为1行，左对齐
上述段前、段后间距可适当调节，以便于控制正文合适的换页位臵。 8、 正文字体：正文采用小四号或五号宋体，行间距为18磅，为字体调整字间距11磅；
9、 页眉、页脚：均采用五号宋体，从“引言”开始添加页眉。“引言”、“正文”、“结论”部分奇数页页眉居中为论文题名，偶数页页眉居中为“河北农业大学博(或硕)士学位（毕业）论文”；页眉下横线为单直线，粗度磅；论文页码从“引言”开始按阿拉伯数字连续编排，奇数页码居右下侧，偶数页码居左下侧。
10、 图、表标题：采用小五号黑体；图例说明和表格中文字采用小五号宋体；表注采用六号宋体。图序及图名臵于图的下方，表序及表名臵于表的上方，若图或表中有附注，采用英文小写字母顺序编号，如注a，注b，附注写在图或表的下方。文中公式的编号，用括号括起写在右边行末，其间不加线条，文中的图、表、公式等与正文之间要有一行的间距。表格一律用三线表，所有表格、图的标题、中文文字均要求有对应英文标注。
11、文中所列图形应有所选择，照片不得直接粘贴，须经扫描后以图片(.JEPG)形式插入。
12、文中英文、罗马字符一般采用Times New Roman正体，按规定应采用斜体的采用斜体。
二、研究生学位（毕业）论文撰写规范
题名
题名是以简明、具体、确切的词语反映文章中最重要的特定内容的逻辑组合，应符合编制题录、索引和检索的有关原则，亦有助于选定关键词。
必要时可加副题名，如题名语义未尽，需作补充、引申和说明者或是系列文章，需用副题区别其特定内容的，均可加副题。副题应另起一行。
英文题名应与中文题名相吻合。
题名中应避免使用非公知公认的缩写词、字符、代号和公式等。摘要
摘要是对文章内容准确概括而不加诠释评论的简短陈述，内容包括研究目的、方法、结果和结论等。论文摘要应尽量反映文章的主要信息，要突出本论文的创造性成果或新见解，内容简明扼要，语言精炼，注意不要与结论雷同。英文摘要应与中文摘要保持内容一致。
摘要应具有独立性和自含性，应是一篇完整的短文。采用第三人称。一般不分段表达，不用图表、化学结构式和非公知公认的符号和术语，也不宜引用文章中的图、表、公式和参考文献的序号。
摘要中若采用非标准的术语、缩写词和符号等，均应在第一次出现时以标注形式予以说明。
关键词
标示关键词是为了文献标引工作，便于作索引，便于检索，而从论文选取出来，能反映论文主题内容的词或词组。
凡学位（毕业）论文均应具备中文和英文关键词。中英文关键词应一一对应，分别排在中英文摘要下方。
关键词尽量从《汉语主题词表》、《MeSH词表》、《中医药主题词表》等词表中选用规范词；未被词表收录的新学科、新技术中的重要术语，也应作为关键词标出。
两个关键词之间用分号隔开。
引言
引言作为论文的开场白，应以简短的篇幅介绍论文的写作背景、依据及相关领域内前人所作的工作和研究的概况，说明本研究与前人工作的关系、目前研究的特点、存在问题及作者工作的意义，引出。
英语专业学位论文应采用英语撰写，一般由以下部分组成，依次为：（1）封面，（2）任务书，（3）开题报告, (4) 英文摘要及关键词(Abstract，Keywords)，（5）目录（Outline），（6）正文，（7）注释（Notes）,（8）参考文献（Bibliography）， (9) 致谢(Acknowledgement)。Outline中要有Thesis Statement, 采用四号加粗，目录的各章节应简明扼要，其中每章（Ⅰ.Ⅱ.Ⅲ.）题目采用小三号，每节（.）题目采用四号。目录部分采用单倍行距。
英语专业论文答辩陈述范文
在学习和工作中，大家都写过论文吧，借助论文可以有效训练我们运用理论和技能解决实际问题的的`能力。相信很多朋友都对写论文感到非常苦恼吧，下面是我收集整理的英语专业论文答辩陈述范文，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am… and my supervisor is …
With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction. The title of my paper is An Analysis of the Influence of Popularity of Western Festival in China in Respect of Culture Diversity.
I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. With the development of reform and the expanding of foreign exchanges in China, western festivals gradually become a fashion in China. It has a special and extensive influence on our culture diversity and the values of young people. Foreign festivals are celebrated for fun in China today and give people more opportunities to relax. However, many people worry about this phenomenon, so in the Internet and newspaper, many articles hold an opinion that western festivals should not be celebrated in China. So I want to know whether the popularity of western festivals only take disadvantages for China.
This paper aims to find out the underlying reasons of popularity of western festivals in China and their influences on our cultural diversity so as to guide people out of the wrong region inwardly and roster Chinese festival culture with an active attitude. That is, to absorb the foreign reasonable factors and use it. At the same time, we should exam and reform the unsuitable things with an epoch perspective so that we can meet the coming of the universal civilization.
Meanwhile, as a English major, learning western festival culture is important to the study of English. But in order to improve our culture awareness and language skills, we should know the western festivals origin connotation and influence so that we can work smoothly in the field of cross-cultural communication. Meanwhile, we should also understand deeply not only the western festival culture but also Chinese traditional culture and its festivals.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
The first part introduces the background of popularity of western festivals in China and the meaning of researching.
The second part is about analyzing the result of the questionnaire of the investigation and drawing a conclusion that western festivals are quite popular but they don’t influence the leading position of tradition festivals; what’s more, they are helpful with cultural diversity.
The three part studies the reasons of popularity of western festival in China.
Analysis on the Influence of the Popularity.
Great Impact on Chinese Traditional Festivals.
Impact on Cultural Diversity.
The Correct Attitude to the West Festival in Cultural Diversity Part six draws some conclusions that the popularity of western festivals in China is just outward phenomenon and traditional festivals are still playing an important role in people’s daily life. However, everything has two sides. We do not receive all the popularity of western festival cultures, and we shouldn’t ignore our own festival cultures. The appropriate attitude may be “Remove the dross while keeping the essence”! Western cultures can serve for the development of our own cultures.
英语专业毕业论文答辩陈述稿范文
时间过得真快，大学生活即将结束，毕业论文是大学生都必须通过的，毕业论文是一种有准备的检验大学学习成果的`形式，毕业论文应该怎么写才好呢？以下是我整理的英语专业毕业论文答辩陈述稿范文，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am xx and my supervisor is xx. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.
Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.
Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.
Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.
Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. Im xxand come from class xx. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.
The title of my paper is choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.
Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.
Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.
Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.
For the above facts, I select this title.
Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.
The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.
The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholarss main views.
The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.
The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.
The last part is the conclusion.
I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.
When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.
Thats all. Thank you.
英语毕业论文答辩稿范文（精选8篇）
一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束，我们毕业前都要通过最后的`毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式，快来参考毕业论文是怎么写的吧！下面是我帮大家整理的英语毕业论文答辩稿范文，希望对大家有所帮助。
Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.
With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.
Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.
With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.
Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.
For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.
In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.
Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.
Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.
Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words. Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all. Thank you.
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.
I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems
Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.
Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.
Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.
Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style
in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!
I will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!
Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m *** and come from class *. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.
Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.
Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.
Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.
For the above facts, I select this title.
Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.
The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.
The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.
The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.
The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.
The last part is the conclusion.
I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.
When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.
That’s all. Thank you.
一、英语论文的标题一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中).如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:dr./)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:english 734或british novel).打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为(论文其他部分行距同此).就学生而言,如果英语论文篇幅较短,亦可不做标题页(及提纲页),而将标题页的内容打在正文第一页的左上方.第一行为作者姓名,与打印纸顶端距离约为,以下各行依次为教师学衔和姓、课程编号(或名称)及日期;各行左边上下对齐,并留出左右的页边空白(下同).接下来便是论文标题及正文(日期与标题之间及标题与正文第一行之间只需隔行打印,不必留出更多空白).二、英语论文提纲英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为左右)的始端打上 thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐.主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出.各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母;处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐.需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有ⅰ应有ⅱ,有a应有b,以此类推.如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码).三、英语论文正文有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约.段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起.正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码;阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格.在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格.四、英语论文的文中引述正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节;既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 (即英语论文参考文献)的规范性.引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用.无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处.目前美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处.现针对文中引述的不同情况,将部分规范格式分述如下.五、英文参考文献格式单一作者著作的书籍:姓,名字首字母.(年). 书名(斜体). 出版社所在城市:出版社.Sheril, R. D. (1956). The terrifying future: Contemplating color television. San Diego: Halstead.两位作者以上合著的书籍:姓,名字首字母., & 姓,名字首字母.(年). 书名(斜体). 出版社所在城市:出版社. Smith, J., & Peter, Q. (1992). Hairball: An intensive peek behind the surface of an enigma. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University Press.文集中的文章:Mcdonalds, A. (1993). Practical methods for the apprehension and sustained containment of supernatural entities. In G. L. Yeager (Ed.), Paranormal and occult studies: Case studies in application (pp. 42–64). London: OtherWorld Books.期刊中的文章(非连续页码):Crackton, P. (1987). The Loonie: God's long-awaited gift to colourful pocket change? Canadian Change, 64(7), 34–37.期刊中的文章(连续页码):姓,名字首字母.(年). 题目. 期刊名(斜体). 第几期,页码.Rottweiler, F. T., & Beauchemin, J. L. (1987). Detroit and Narnia: Two foes on the brink of destruction. Canadian/American Studies Journal, 54, 66–146.月刊杂志中的文章:Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.(学术堂提供更多论文知识)
英语专业论文格式规范 A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms （题目：二号，黑体，加粗，居中,除了英语小词外，其他单词首字母都要大写；另外：除了题目外，论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”） （学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名（小四号宋体字，加粗），依次排印在论文题目下，上空二行，居中） 【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of …… （英文摘要：上空二行；题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，加粗，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用其他任何标点符号；采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗；单倍行距。） 【Key Words】 idiom; comparison; English; Chinese （英文关键词：题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，加粗，两个单词的首字母要大写，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用任何其他标点符号，采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗，除了专有名词外，其他单词的首字母不大写，各单词之间用分号“；”隔开，分号之后空一格；最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号；单倍行距。） 1. Introduction (顶格，除了第一个单词及专有名词外，其他单词首字母都不要大写；标题最后不用任何标点符号，上空两行) In both English and Chinese, …. So, this essay is trying to focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning, customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999). (段落第一行缩进4个英文字符；夹注的标注法：出现在夹注中的作者必须与文后的参考文献形成一一对应关系；注意一个或多个作者间的标点符号，时间、页码等的标注法；另外，汉语参考文献的作者要以拼音形式出现，不能出现汉语姓氏；夹注出现在标点符号之前) 2. The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms In English, …. And it can be clearly seen in the below examples: (1) I don’t know。我不知道。 (2) I am not a poet. 我不是诗人。 (正文中的例子以（1），（2）…为序号排列，直至最后一个例子；而①, ②…则为脚注或尾注的上标序号) 3. The differences between English idioms and Chinese idioms The characteristics of English idioms （正文章节序号编制：章的编号：1. ，2.， 3.，…；节的编号：…，…；小节的编号为：, …。小节以下层次，采用希腊数字加括号为序，如（i），（ii）…；之后再采用字母加括号，如(a), (b),…;每章题目左顶格，小四号字，加粗；每节（及小节以下）题目左顶格，小四号字，不加粗但要斜体；所有章节的题目都单独一行，最后不加任何标点符号） …. In conclusion, …. The characteristics of Chinese idioms …. Feng (1998) found some problems as shown in the following examples (注意此句中夹注的另一种写法): (9) We never know the worth of water till the well is dry. (10) People take no thought of the value of time until they lose it. …. The analysis of the differences between English and Chinese idioms … (i) …. …. (ii) …. …. 4. Conclusion …. Bibliography (References) （小四号，加粗，后面不加任何标点符号） Sanved, ed. The Oxford book of American literary anecdotes[C]. New York: OUP, 1981. 一、英语论文的标题 一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为(论文其他部分行距同此)。 就学生而言,如果英语论文篇幅较短,亦可不做标题页(及提纲页),而将标题页的内容打在正文第一页的左上方。第一行为作者姓名,与打印纸顶端距离约为,以下各行依次为教师学衔和姓、课程编号(或名称)及日期；各行左边上下对齐,并留出左右的页边空白(下同)。接下来便是论文标题及正文(日期与标题之间及标题与正文第一行之间只需隔行打印,不必留出更多空白)。 二、英语论文提纲 英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母；处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。 三、英语论文正文 有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码；阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。 四、英语论文的文中引述 正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节；既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 （即英语论文参考文献）的规范性。引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。目前美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。现针对文中引述的不同情况,将部分规范格式分述如下。 1.若引文不足三行,则可将引文有机地融合在论文中。如: The divorce of Arnold's personal desire from his inheritance results in “the familiar picture of Victorian man alone in an alien universe”(Roper9). 这里,圆括弧中的Roper为引文作者的姓(不必注出全名)；阿拉伯数字为引文出处的页码(不要写成)；作者姓与页码之间需空一格,但不需任何标点符号；句号应置于第二个圆括弧后。 2.被引述的文字如果超过三行,则应将引文与论文文字分开,如下例所示: Whitman has proved himself an eminent democratic representative and precursor, and his “Democratic Vistas” is an admirable and characteristic diatribe. And if one is sorry that in it Whitman is unable to conceive the extreme crises of society, one is certain that no society would be tolerable whoses citizens could not find refreshment in its buoyant democratic idealism.(Chase 165) 这里的格式有两点要加以注意。一是引文各行距英语论文的左边第一个字母十个空格,即应从第十一格打起；二是引文不需加引号,末尾的句号应标在最后一个词后。 3.如需在引文中插注,对某些词语加以解释,则要使用方括号(不可用圆括弧)。如: points out that“he [Charles Darw in] has been an important factor in the debate between evolutionary theory and biblical creationism”(9). 值得注意的是,本例中引文作者的姓已出现在引导句中,故圆括弧中只需注明引文出处的页码即可。 4.如果拟引用的文字中有与论文无关的词语需要删除,则需用省略号。如果省略号出现在引文中则用三个点,如出现在引文末,则用四个点,最后一点表示句号,置于第二个圆括弧后(一般说来,应避免在引文开头使用省略号)；点与字母之间,或点与点之间都需空一格。如: Mary Shelley hated tyranny and“looked upon the poor as pathetic victims of the social system and upon the rich and highborn...with undisguised scorn and contempt...(Nitchie 43). 5.若引文出自一部多卷书,除注明作者姓和页码外,还需注明卷号。如: Professor Chen Jia's A History of English Literature aimed to give Chinese readers“a historical survey of English literature from its earliest beginnings down to the 20thcentury”(Chen,1:i). 圆括弧里的1为卷号,小写罗马数字i为页码,说明引文出自第1卷序言(引言、序言、导言等多使用小写的罗马数字标明页码)。此外,书名 A History of English Literature 下划了线；规范的格式是:书名,包括以成书形式出版的作品名(如《失乐园》)均需划线,或用斜体字；其他作品,如诗歌、散文、短篇小说等的标题则以双引号标出,如“To Autumn”及前面出现的“Democratic Vistas”等。 6.如果英语论文中引用了同一作者的两篇或两篇以上的作品,除注明引文作者及页码外,还要注明作品名。如: Bacon condemned Platoas“an obstacle to science”(Farrington, Philosophy 35). Farrington points out that Aristotle's father Nicomachus, a physician, probably trained his son in medicine(Aristotle 15). 这两个例子分别引用了Farrington的两部著作,故在各自的圆括弧中分别注出所引用的书名,以免混淆。两部作品名均为缩写形式(如书名太长,在圆括弧中加以注明时均需使用缩写形式),其全名分别为 Founder of Scientific Philosophy 及 The Philosophy of Francis Baconand Aristotle。 7.评析诗歌常需引用原诗句,其引用格式如下例所示。 When Beowulf dives upwards through the water and reaches the surface,“The surging waves, great tracts of water, / were all cleansed...”(). 这里,被引用的诗句以斜线号隔开,斜线号与前后字母及标点符号间均需空一格；圆括弧中小写的1是line的缩写；21不必写成1621。如果引用的诗句超过三行,仍需将引用的诗句与论文文字分开(参见第四项第2点内容)。 五、英语论文的文献目录 论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited, 其格式须注意下列几点: 1.目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。 2.目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码；如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为；各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为,不必留出更多空白。 3.各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等；各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。 4.各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。 现将部分较为特殊的条目分列如下,并略加说明,供读者参考。 Two or More Books by the Same Author Brooks, Cleanth. Fundamentals of Good Writing: A Handbook of Modern Rhetoric. NewYork: Harcourt, 1950. ---The Hidden God: Studies in Hemingway, Faulkner, Yeats, Eliot, and Warren. New Haven: Yale UP,1963. 引用同一作者的多部著作,只需在第一条目中注明该作者姓名,余下各条目则以三条连字符及一句点代替该作者姓名；各条目须按书名的第一个词(冠词除外)的字母顺序排列。 An Author with an Editor Shake speare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. Ed. Louis B. Wright. New York: Washington Square, 1959. 本条目将作者 Shakespeare 的姓名排在前面,而将编者姓名(不颠倒)放在后面,表明引文出自 The Tragedy of Macbeth；如果引文出自编者写的序言、导言等,则需将编者姓名置前,如: Blackmur, Richard . The Art of the Novel: Critical Prefaces. By Henry James. New York: Scribner's, . 如果引言与著作为同一人所写,则其格式如下例所示(By后只需注明作者姓即可): Emery, Donald. Preface. English Fundamentals. By Emery. London: Macmillan, . A Multivolume Work Browne, Thomas. The Works of Sir Thomas Browne. Ed. Geoffrey Keynes. 4 vols. London: Faber, 1928. Browne, Thomas. The Works of Sir Thomas Browne. Ed. Geoffrey Keynes. . London: Faber, 1928. 4 vols. 第一条目表明该著作共4卷,而论文作者使用了各卷内容；第二条目则表明论文作者只使用了第2卷中的内容。 A Selection from an Anthology Abram, M. H.“English Romanticism: The Spirit of the Age.” Romanticism Reconsidered. Ed. Northrop Frye. New York: Columbia UP,. 被引用的英语论文名须用引号标出,并注意将英语论文名后的句点置于引号内。条目末尾必须注明该文在选集中的起止页码。 Articles in Journals, Magazines, and Newspapers Otto, Mary L.“Child Abuse: Group Treatment for Parents.” Personnel and Guidance Journal 62(1984): 336-48
英语论文格式模板
英文论文格式均以美国土木工程师协会出版社发布的标准格式为准。
英语论文用激光打印机打印，打印稿为黑白稿，彩色打印件会影响出版效果。 版心：a4纸，上、下页边距 cm，左、右页边距均为 mm。论文内容宽不得超过， 长不得超过。
字体和字号：正文，标题，作者联络信息和图表中的文字均为times new roman 12号字。可以跟据需要使用同类字体中的粗体，斜体。
行距：单倍行距。
页码：论文正文和文后所附图例都需添加页码。页码为阿拉伯数字，位于页面下方居中。
文体：文章应语法正确，技术用词准确。标题应该以最简洁的语言概括文章内容。如果标题较长，请采用title: subtitle的形式。
数学公式：文中的数学公式不得手写，必须打印。公式如果在文中多次被引用，应该编号。公式之间，公式和正文之间都应该空一行。 单位： 文中所用的度量衡单位应为国际单位。可在括号内，单位对应表中列出其他单位。有关国际单位的使用(standard practice for use of the international system of units)可以通过电话1-向asce索取。其他相关使用参考文献，如anmc metric editorial guide， 5th ed，1992 可向美国国家公制协会 索取(american national metric council， 1735n. lynn street， suite 950， arlington， va 22209-2022)
图表：
标题说明和图例：插入的图表应该以出现顺序编号(figure 1，figure 2，table 1，table 2)。图的说明和标题，包括图的序号应该位于图的下方。表的说明和标题，包括表的序号应该位于表格上方。
位置：图可以插入到正文中，或者集中放在文章最后。如果在正文中插入图，尽量放在页面的顶部或尾部。不要选择文字环绕图形的对齐方式，可选择上下环绕方式。
底纹：插图中不要选择带阴影或底纹，否则会影响印刷效果。
照片：如果文中需要附上照片，在文中出现照片的地方贴上其黑白光面冲洗照片，标题说明位于照片下方。照片将和正文一起缩印，请不要提供彩色照片，以免影响印刷效果。
扫描图：印刷后的扫描图不如原件清晰。如果文中有扫描图，请提供灰色色标扫描图。
作者联络信息：请用横线和正文隔开。联络信息可以为一位作者或所有作者的，包括以下内容：作者全名;所属学会;学历或授予的荣誉;所在单位;通讯地址和电子邮箱;电话和传真。
参考文献：所有参考文献为单倍行距，放在文章最后，按照第一作者姓氏的字母顺序排列。如有同一作者的两篇以上文献，按出版年代先后排列。正文中引用参考文献时，作者和出版年代应该放入括号内。由于上标缩印后会变小，难于辨认，正文中不使用上标标注参考文献。所列出的参考文献应当在正文中都有所引用，如果正文中没有引用，请将文献列入文章最后的附加信息(additional information)部分，或者相关材料(related materials)部分。
基本论文格式
论文一般由题名、作者、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献和附录等部分组成，其中部分组成(例如附录)可有可无。论文各组成的'排序为：题名、作者、摘要、关键词、英文题名、英文摘要、英文关键词、正文、参考文献、附录和致谢。
1、毕业论文格式的写作顺序是：标题、作者班级、作者姓名、指导教师姓名、中文摘要及关键词、英文摘要及英文关键词、正文、参考文献。
2、毕业论文中附表的表头应写在表的上面，居中;论文附图的图题应写在图的下面，居中。按表、图、公式在论文中出现的先后顺序分别编号。
3、毕业论文中参考文献的书写格式严格按以下顺序：序号、作者姓名、书名(或文章名)、出版社(或期刊名)、出版或发表时间。
4、论文格式的字体：各类标题(包括参考文献标题)用粗宋体;作者姓名、指导教师姓名、摘要、关键词、图表名、参考文献内容用楷体;正文、图表、页眉、页脚中的文字用宋体;英文用TimesNewRoman字体。
5、论文格式的字号：论文题目用三号字体，居中;一级标题用四号字体;二级标题、三级标题用小四号字体;页眉、页脚用小五号字体;其它用五号字体;图、表名居中。
6、格式正文打印页码，下面居中。
7、论文打印纸张规格：A4210297毫米。
8、在文件选项下的页面设置选项中，字符数/行数选使用默认字符数;页边距设为上：3厘米;下：厘米;左：厘米;右：厘米;装订线：厘米;装订线位置：左侧;页眉：厘米;页脚厘米。
9、在格式选项下的段落设置选项中，缩进选0厘米，间距选0磅，行距选倍，特殊格式选(无)，调整右缩进选项为空，根据页面设置确定行高格线选项为空。
10、页眉用小五号字体打印XX大学XX学院20XX级XX专业学年论文字样，并左对齐。
11、使用软件：MicrosoftWord2000以上版本。
文献注释
注释不同于参考文献。参考文献是作者写作论著时所参考的文献书目，集中列于文末。而注释则是作者对正文中某一内容作进一步解释或补充说明的文字，不要列入文末的参考文献，而要作为注释放在页下，用①②标识序号。注释中提到的论著保持通常格式，如：
①与正文部分空出两行;②按照文中的索引编号分别或合并注释;③注释采用五号黑体，注释内容汉语采用小五号宋体，英语采用Times New Roman 9号。
英语专业毕业论文其实格式和一般其它专业差不多，具体论文格式要以你学校提供的毕业论文模板为准，因为每个学校的论文格式多多少少都是不一样的，如果找不到合适的格式，可以百度下：普刊学术中心，也提供有很多论文格式模板和范文，可以多学习下
去创新医学网一定能找到的，上面24科室的论文都有，而且全部免费，自己去找找吧！
s why more and more people are being active in various kinds of sports and exercises.
If people follow these three ways of keeping fit. Some practice shadowboxing and swordplay while others run. Every morning many people get up early and take much exercise.
First, block the flow of blood, and therefore should be given up, walk or dance to music. This strengthens the heart. They advise people to eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat such as beef and pork because meat contains more fat than poultry and fish.
Medical researchers have proved that what people eat affects their health, it is essential to do the following. Some play basketball or volleyball or table tennis? Different people may give different answers to this question. Unfortunately few people follow this advice. Through sports and exercise, people bee healthier and stronger;s health a great deal. Smoking and drinking alcohol injure one'. Fat can build up in the arteries. That'.
Getting rid of bad habits like *** oking and drinking alcohol is also an important way to keep healthy, reduces the chance of heart attack. Research shows that getting plenty of exercise make the heart beat faster and the lungs work harder. In my opinion, it is absolutely necessary to take some exercise every day, and cause a heart attack or stroke. In the afternoon, others go in for gymnastics or track events,there are also many people keen on sports, and helps lower blood pressureHow to Keep Healthy
Nowadays more and more people are concerned about their health. But how to keep healthy, they greatly improve their health, jog
All people in urban and rural areas will enjoy basic medical care and health services by increasing government responsibility and spending, we will also encourage greater participation of private capital from both home and abroad in the reform covers a wide range of subjects including insurance, drug manufacturing, distribution and supervision, and legislation of medical put into place basic medical and health care systems covering both urban and rural residents, and ensure that every resident has access to safe。
The disturbing phenomenon has caused wide social concern. There are several underlying causes behind it. Nowadays, people tend to care more about their health and expect a longer life span, thus causing a boom in medical treatment. People are willing to spend more money on health care. Some hospitals take advantage of this and offer patients more unnecessary physical examinations in order to make more profits. 令人不安的现象引起了广泛的社会关注。
有几个背后的原因。如今，人们更关心他们的健康，期望寿命更长，从而导致了医疗的繁荣。
人们愿意花更多的钱在医疗保健上。一些医院利用这一优势，为患者提供更多不必要的体检，以使更多的利润。
In my view, it's high time that urgent measures should be taken to improve the present situation. First, doctors should live up to patients' expectations and put saving people's lives above anything else. Second, the authorities should shoulder its responsibility to ensure that hospitals provide people with high-quality medical care at a reasonable price. 在我看来，现在应该采取紧急措施来改善目前的形势了。首先，医生应该对病人的期望值，并把人的生命放在其他任何东西上面。
其次，当局应承担起它的责任，确保医院为人民提供高质量的医疗服务，以合理的价格。
The disturbing phenomenon has caused wide social concern. There are several underlying causes behind it. Nowadays, people tend to care more about their health and expect a longer life span, thus causing a boom in medical treatment. People are willing to spend more money on health care. Some hospitals take advantage of this and offer patients more unnecessary physical examinations in order to make more profits.
令人不安的现象引起了广泛的社会关注。有几个背后的原因。如今，人们更关心他们的健康，期望寿命更长，从而导致了医疗的繁荣。人们愿意花更多的钱在医疗保健上。一些医院利用这一优势，为患者提供更多不必要的体检，以使更多的利润。
In my view, it's high time that urgent measures should be taken to improve the present situation. First, doctors should live up to patients' expectations and put saving people's lives above anything else. Second, the authorities should shoulder its responsibility to ensure that hospitals provide people with high-quality medical care at a reasonable price.
在我看来，现在应该采取紧急措施来改善目前的形势了。首先，医生应该对病人的期望值，并把人的生命放在其他任何东西上面。其次，当局应承担起它的责任，确保医院为人民提供高质量的医疗服务，以合理的价格。
Campus Life 有关校园生活的英语作文
Early in senior high school, we longed to be enrolled in a university. Now the dream has e true. But how do we college students like our campus life?
Certainly, some relish it, finding it colorful and rewarding. Besides study, they spend considerable amount of time improving themselves in various aspect. Yet others do not think much of their college life, thus do not benefit as much. In their eyes, the university is just a bigger high school. The only difference is that they have more time at their disposal without parents looking over their shoulder.
As to me, college life is ideal if only I have abundant books to read, some bosom friends to keep me pany, a couple of conscientious professors to instruct me, and an easy access to the Inter.
范文二：
My station in university campus inch territory, breathes and feels a here freshness. The university life like this started. The life four years time already the picture got down certainly has run the line, you along this path endless long journey, the university time will say regarding me will be fresh, the biography first time was far away the hometown, trod studies the road. I to the university life am fuzzy, after investigates many times, everybody is o characters ----- is bored to the university life feeling, perhaps has that a reason! Three years high school life is such intense stimulates. Recollected also a little is afraid, facing high school's intense sprint, diligently was admitted to a school dream of the university, everybody is the like this struggle, assaults the dream. At the present, steps into the university campus, studies the life has had the bored feeling.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PRODUCTION PLANNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF SURVEYING AND MAPPING PROJECTKEY WORDS: GIS,Design,Analysis,Application,Management,ProductionABSTRACT:With the development of photogrammetry and spatial information sciences, we have found many new methods to solve the technical problem in surveying and mapping project. But there is a little research on the project management. Traditional management method is plex and time-consuming. Now, we need use new technique to improve the management method for enhancing management level. Taking “National Western Surveying and Mapping Project on 1:50000 Topological Maps Blank Area” as an example, this paper focus on production planning management. The project is remarkable, not only the task and extent is tremendous, but also the staff and stuff are excessive. The Blank Area has atrocious weather and extreme hypsography. All of the conditions increase the project management difficulty. For reasonable planning and logical budget, we designed and realized a production planning management system to give the decision support to the managers. This paper studies the system'e69da5e6ba903233363533362s requirement *** ysis, system structure and function in . INTRODUCTIONNowadays, Geographical Information Systems(GIS) are powerful and useful as means of information, visualization and research tools(Quan Bao,2004). Most GIS sofare is more suited to providing limited types of output than as a tool to support, at anything other than a superficial level, tactical or strategic decision-making processes. To improve the usefulness of GIS as a decision support tool, o needs are apparent. First, decision-makers require methods that allow them to easily select alternatives across a number of relevant criteria. Second, it is necessary to explicitly recognize that most decision-making processes involve multiple participants. Since problem solving id often characterized by multiple and conflicting objectives, methods that contribute toward more a pletely aiding decision system are required.。
当英语论文，或其他重要的英文文书的初稿撰写完成后，在提交给相关读者阅读之前，必须要经过润色才比较保险。找北京译顶科技，性价比高，我就是在那边做的。你可以加速去知道了解下
英语翻译教学在高校英语教学中起着重要作用,它直接影响了学生的英语使用能力。尤其在经济全球化不断发展的当今社会,加强英语翻译教学不仅关系着大学生的就业前景,更与我国经济发展密切相连。下面是我为大家整理的英语翻译论文，供大家参考。
英语翻译论文 范文 一：中西方 文化 在英语翻译方面的差异性
一、中西方文化在英语翻译方面的差异性
(一)地理环境因素
“一方山水养一方人”，不同的地域和环境必然造就不同的民族文化。中国是一个幅员辽阔、地大物博、物产丰富的农业大国，这就使我国形成了一种典型的农耕文化。中国人注重人与自然、人与人之间的和谐与统一，故在许多 成语 中都与土地有关，如“土豪劣绅”“、土生土长”和“土崩瓦解”等。而英国则是一个典型的岛国，其四面被海水环绕，故其航海技术一直处于世界领先地位，这也促使其所形成的文化中都与水或航海有一定的联系，如在比喻一个人挥霍金钱的时候，会用“Spendmoneylikewa-ter”(挥金如土)来加以描述;在形容一个人的形体单薄、虚弱的时候则用“asweakaswater”(弱不禁风)来加以描述;而在告别友人的时候则会用“haveagoodsailing”(一路顺风)来加以描述等。因此，只有掌握了中西民族文化之间的差异性，才能够正确对语句进行理解和翻译。
(二)宗教信仰因素
宗教文化也是众多文化中的一种表现形式，其也会因信仰的不同而产生一定的差异。中国的宗教门派众多，但是主要的可以分为道家、佛家和儒家这三个主要的流派。不同的教派具有不同的教义，如中国道家主张人和神仙是可以相互转化的;佛教则主张佛祖则是至高无上的神，其法力无边，这也可以从我国古代语言中明显看出。汉语中有“天命不可违”、“借花献佛”和“不看僧面看佛面”等的语言表达。而西方则主要以基督教为主，他们只承认上帝是万事万物的主宰，其无所不能，这在西方语言中也可以明显的看出来。如“Manproposes,Goddisposes”(谋事在人，成事在天)、“GodiswhereHewas”(上帝无所不在)和“Heavenisaboveall”(上帝高于一切)等。因此，为了达到翻译忠实原意的目的，我们必须要充分了解中西宗教文化的差异性。
二、提高高校英语翻译质量的策略
(一)导入异国文化
中西翻译的差异性。因此，为了提高学生对于英语翻译的认识度和理解度，教师需要在英语翻译教学的过程中为学生们导入到量的异国文化。通过将英语翻译与文化学习二者进行有机地结合来提高学生们英语翻译的水平。但是特别需要注意一点就是，教师在导入异国文化的过程中要始终本着由易到难、由浅入深的原则。此外，教师除了要为学生们普及一些西方文化知识外，还需要为学生们普及一些西方文化习俗的来源。例如，英语中有“raincatsanddogs”的习语，这句话用汉语可以表述为“倾盆大雨”，但是如果按照直白的翻译就会理解为“下猫跟狗”，这样就明显偏离了翻译的本意。这句习语主要来源于北欧的神话 传说 ，传说猫跟狗对于风和雨等天气具有很强的预测能力。又如“asstrongasahorse”(壮如牛)，但是如果单纯的按照意思来理解则成了“壮如马”了等。如果学生对于这个文化背景不了解，则会出现上述可笑的误译现象。
(二)介绍英汉语言结构上的差异性
英语结构区别于汉语结构，其重视主题句和主体结构的构成以及 句子 结构连接过渡词的作用，并且侧重用介词和连词来表示句子和词组之间的逻辑关系，这种现象在汉语中则很少用或几乎不用。另外，英语表述中特别忌讳重复，如果出现重复的问题，通常用省略、替换或代词的形式来加以表示，但是我们汉语中常用重复来表示强调。
(三)讲解一些常用的翻译技巧
在学生掌握了上述英语翻译的基本知识之后，教师需要为学生讲解一些常用的翻译技巧，从而让学生们学会如何通过删减或增加词语来使语句变得更加通顺。常用的翻译技巧主要包括词类转换、增删词语以及拆分语句等手段。首先，词类转换作为一种有效的翻译手段，其主要是将那些由动词转化来的名词或具有动作意义类型的名词后接of的形式按照汉语中动宾 短语 来进行翻译即可。其次，英语和汉语之间的结构表述有所不同，只有通过增加或删减词汇才能够使意思更加忠实原文的含义。
三、结语
总之，中西文化差异性对于英语翻译具有重要的影响。为了提高学生英语翻译能力，教师必须要在教学实践中让学生充分地了解西方的文化传统，从而使学生做到“知己知彼”，然后并要在基础上教授给学生英语翻译的一些技巧，从而达到提高高校翻译教学质量的目的。
英语翻译论文范文二：生物 医学英语 翻译得体性原则
1得体性原则及在翻译中的适用性
“得体”一词在《现代汉语词典》中的释义如下:“(言语、行动等)得当;恰当;恰如其分。”其他词典的解释与此大体相类。这是一种宽泛意义上的解释。难以确切理解其内涵，不大好把握，运用起来常常带有不同程度的盲目性、随意性。从修辞学理论的高度来衡量，离规范性、科学性相距甚远。王希杰先生在《修辞学通论》中则指出:语言的“得体性指的是语言材料对语言环境的适应程度。脱离了特定的语言环境，就没有得体不得体的问题。”他说:“修辞的原则只有一条，那就是得体性原则。一切其他的原则都从属于这个原则，都是这个最高原则的派生物。这个最高原则制约着和控制着一切其他的原则。”[1]王先生的定义简洁、明确，认为得体是语用的最高原则。聂炎[2]在《得体性原则两题》一文中对语言表达如何适应语体进行了 总结 :“每一种语体一般来说都有表现自己本身特点的不同的语料和表达手段，即常常有自己的专用词语、专用句法结构和篇章结构、语言风格等等，这是该语体区别于彼语体的重要之点。言语思维主体在选词 造句 时只有同语体和谐一致，即得语体之“体”，才可能有良好的表达效果。”翻译是一种跨文化、跨语言的交际活动，翻译过程可以定义为理解原文并创造性地运用另一种语言再现原文的过程，即语言使用的过程。[3]而得体又是语用的最高原则。因此，得体性语用原则在翻译中的适用性不言而喻。翻译的语用问题，归根到底，强调的是语言信息所采取的形式，必须由使用该语言的环境来决定，其根本是语言表达切合语境的得体性。[4]
2生物医学英语的特征及得体性翻译原则的具体内涵
从广义上来说，得体性语用原则适用于一切译作，但是，根据原作的文体不同，在具体要求上就各有侧重。生物医学英语属于科技文体的范畴。典型的科技英语是“专家与专家”交流的涉及学科的研究和发展的书面性英语。[5]其功能主要是述说事理、描写现象、推导公式、论证规律，其特点是结构严谨、逻辑严密、行文规范、用词准确，技术术语正确，修辞手段较少。[6]针对这些特点，科技英语翻译中的得体表现为忠实和通顺。所谓忠实，就是要完整地、准确地表达原作的思想内容，同时还需保持原文风格。这是对科技翻译的首要的、也是最起码的要求。原作的内容和风格是客观存在的。译者的任务，就是要把这种客观存在原封不动地传达给非原文读者。翻译虽然是语言的一种再创作，但毕竟和纯粹的创作有着本质的区别。译者必须忠实于原作，决不可自作主张，对原作进行随意的篡改、增删。所谓通顺，对科技翻译来说，虽然不像翻译文学小说那样要求雅致优美、姿态横生，也不像翻译诗歌那样要求抑扬顿挫、押韵合辙，但至少应保证译文语言符合汉语的语言规范和修辞习惯，文从字顺、明白流畅，而不能生造一些不伦不类的词句，或对原作拘泥太过，以致译文出现文理不通、结构混乱和拖泥带水的现象。在翻译实践中，若“忠实”和“通顺”二者不可兼得的情况下首先要考虑前者，即忠实、准确、规范地传达原作的意思，因为科学的灵魂是“真”，科技翻译的灵魂是“准确”。在医学文献翻译中，一字之差就可能断送病人性命;在工程技术翻译中，一个数据之误可能导致重大的技术事故。因此，“忠实”是科技翻译的根本和前提，而“通顺”是实施科技翻译达到完美的一种手段和途径。[7]
3得体性翻译原则在生物医学英语翻译中的具体运用
要实现生物医学英语翻译的篇章译文得体，就必须在词、词组、句子、段落等各语言平面上对译入语可能有的几个同义而结构不尽相同的语言形式精心选择，选择除了涉及语言结构因素(如词性、词语搭配、上下文)之外，还与文体有关。选择的目的是使译文得体，得语言和文体之体。以下通过辨析不同译文以具体说明如何实现生物医学英语各语言平面翻译的得体。
词的得体
表达规范
《现代汉语》指出:科技语体讲究论证的逻辑性，要求语言规范。[8]例1Electroporationisusedtomakesmall，temporaryholesinthemembranesoDNAcanpassin.译1:电穿孔用来在细胞膜上形成小的獉獉、暂时的孔洞獉獉獉獉獉从而使DNA通过。译2:电穿孔用来在细胞膜上形成瞬时微獉獉獉孔獉从而使DNA通过。例2Thesefindingssuggestthatoralim-munemodulationmayrepresentanattractivether-apeuticapproachtoatherosclerosis.译1:这些结果表明口服免疫调节剂代表了一种诱人的獉獉獉治疗动脉粥样硬化的新 方法 。译2:这些结果表明口服免疫调节剂代表了一种引人注目的獉獉獉獉獉治疗动脉粥样硬化的新方法。以上两例中的“小的、暂时的孔洞”以及“诱人的”用语不正式，且读来疲软。而译2中的“瞬时微孔”及“引人注目的”用语平稳、凝重、冷穆，符合科技英语的特征。
用词准确
例3PolymeraseChainReaction(PCR)isamolecularbiologicalmethodforamplifyingDNAwithoutusingalivingorganism，.译1:聚合酶链式反应是一种无需在活体(如大肠杆菌或酵母)内扩大獉獉DNA的分子生物学方法。译2:聚合酶链式反应是一种无需在活体(如大肠杆菌或酵母)内扩增獉獉DNA的分子生物学方法。译文1把amplify译成“扩大”，但根据生物学知识判断，这里的amplify是“creatingmultiplecopies(产生多个克隆)”的意思，所以译成“扩增”更准确。
词组得体
精炼、符合汉语表达习惯
例4Theabilityofmonoclonalantibody(mAb)，treatmentwithmAba-lonehasonlyachievedverylimitedsuccessintheclinic.译1:体外实验中单克隆抗体(mAb)特异定位于肿瘤组织的能力为癌症治疗提供了一种引人注目的治疗方法。然而单独使用mAb治疗在临床上取得了非常有限的成功獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉。译2:体外实验中单克隆抗体(mAb)特异定位于肿瘤组织的能力为癌症治疗提供了一种引人注目的治疗方法。然而单独使用mAb治疗在临床上收效甚微獉獉獉獉。例5Asimmunologybecomesbettercharac-terized，immunomodulatorhasprovenasoneofthemostprevalentareasinthedevelopmentofnewpharmaceuticals.译1:随着免疫学变得更富特征獉獉獉獉獉獉，免疫调节剂已成为药学研究中的一个最流行的领域獉獉獉獉獉獉。译2:随着免疫学的进一步发展獉獉獉獉獉，免疫调节剂已成为药学研究中的一个 热点 獉獉。以上两例中译2优于译1之处在于:译2表达正式规范有力，且更符合汉语习惯。由于英汉词组的构成和功能差异较大，所以总的要求是在“信”的前提下，既要充分表达原意，又要符合译入语语言形式上和修辞的和谐。科技英语中存在大量惯用和非惯用的四字词组，如asshowninfigure(如图所示)，withoutlossoftime(不失时机)，convertwastesintousefulmaterials(废物利用)等。合理使用这些四字词组，能起到精确紧凑，简洁明晰的效果，为译文增色不少。
专业规范
例6Thespleenmayaddbloodtothegen-eralcirculationtomakeupforwhathasbeenlostinthebody.译1:脾脏能给总循环獉獉獉增加血液，以补偿獉獉獉身体的损失獉獉獉獉獉。译2:脾脏能给周身循环獉獉獉獉增加血液，以补獉獉偿身体所失去的血獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉。在医学中，“总循环”不如“周身循环”专业规范，而且“补偿身体的损失”过于笼统，所指不明。所以译2更得体。
句子得体
句子是语言平面中上下运转的轴心，也是翻译过程的主要着力点。句子同义手段的选择应该做到对应题旨要求，适应行文递接，切合语体特点以及依从声韵协调。[9]具体到生物医学英语的句子翻译，应该做到:
体现信息中心
每一句话、每一句群和每一语段都有一个最核心最关键的内容或意旨需要得到强调突出，以利于接受主体准确地把握其语意焦点，了解其着意传输的信息，此语意焦点成为信息中心。[9]应尽量把原语的信息中心译成汉语的信息中心，使两者相对应。例7Nucleicacid，originallyisolatedbyJohannMiescherin1871，wasidentifiedasaprimeconstituentofchromosomesthroughtheuseofthered-stainingmethoddevelopedbyFeulgenintheearly1900s.译1:核酸最初是由JohannMiescher在1871年分离成功，并被证实为是染色体组最基本的组成，这是由Feulgen在20世纪初通过使用红染色方法证实的。译2:核酸最初是由JohannMiescher在1871年分离成功，并在20世纪初由Feulgen通过使用红染色方法证实为染色体组最基本的组成。译1采取直译的方法，虽然把原文的意思表述清楚了，但是把信息中心置于句中，未予突出。而原文中的isolated和identified为本句的信息中心，译成“分离”和“证实”。译2通过语序颠倒使信息中心突出，自然流畅，符合汉语表达习惯。英汉表达方式不同，许多汉语句子往往把信息中心置于句尾，来突出重点;而多数英语句子则经常将信息中心置于句首，以突出主题。这就形成了“信息中心首位”(beginningfocus)，其他信息后置的句式结构。汉译英时要注意把英语句法结构的这个规律运用到翻译中去。而出于汉语表达的需要，译者要反复推敲，甚至可以跳出原文的框框，合理使用翻译技巧，对原文句子成分、结构形式进行必要的调整，按照汉语的习惯组织译文。
体现逻辑关系
例8Lamivudine(Epivir-HBV)isapotentantiviralagentwithminimalimmunemodulatorca-pacity.译1:拉米夫定是有效的抗病毒药物，有獉着最低獉獉獉的免疫调节能力。译2:拉米夫定是有效的抗病毒药物，却獉很少有獉獉獉免疫调节能力。译1中没有反映前后两句内含的转折关系，读来有句子堆砌之感，而译2通过“却”一词使语段内含的转折关系得以彰显。
语段得体
语段是比句子高一级的语法单位，通常是由两个或两个以上的句子构成的语义整体。衔接是语段的重要特征，衔接的优劣，关系到话语题旨或信息是否被接受者理解和接受[10]，译文若不能正确反映原文中的衔接关系，就反映不出生物医学英语的逻辑性和条理性。例9ThebiosynthesisofRNA，calledtran-scription，proceedsinmuchthesamefashionasthereplicationofDNAandalsofollowsthebasepairingprinciple.(5)Again，asectionofDNAdoublehelixisuncoiledandonlyoneoftheDNAstrandsservesasatemplateforRNApolymeraseenzymetoguidethesynthesisofRNA.(6)Afterthesynthesisiscomplete，theRNAseparatesfromtheDNAandtheDNArecoilsintoitshelix.译1:RNA的生物合成，也称为转录，以獉和獉DNA复制的相同的模式进行獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉，同样也遵循碱基 配对 原理。DNA双螺旋的一段解螺旋，只有一条链作为RNA聚合酶引导RNA合成的模板。在合成完成后，RNA从DNA上分离，DNA再次形成双螺旋结构。译2:RNA的生物合成，也称为转录，和獉DNA复制的模式大致相同獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉，同样也遵循碱基配对原理。同上所述獉獉獉獉，首先獉獉，DNA双螺旋的一段解螺旋，其中一条链作为RNA聚合酶引导RNA合成的模板。在合成完成后，RNA从DNA上分离，同时獉獉，DNA重新形成双螺旋结构。译2通过许多连接词(如同上所述、首先、同时)清晰流畅地讲述了DNA转录的过程，较之译1更富有条理性和整体感。
4结束语
生物医学英语翻译与文学翻译在语言的运用上，在修辞手段的选择上，是有区别的。文学作品个人风格明显，感情色彩较强，翻译时多注重形象思维，讲究语言上的形象和表达上的生动;而生物医学英语个人风格较少，感情色彩罕见，翻译上注重 逻辑思维 ，讲究语言上的规范和表达上的准确，在选择译文语言时，译者的游刃余地是不大的。得体是语用的最高原则，但在不同文体中侧重不同，生物医学英语翻译的得体性表现为忠实于源语的内容和风格，同时符合汉语的表达习惯。同时生物医学英语翻译也同 其它 文体的翻译一样，是一种既具艺术性，又具创造性的艰苦的脑力劳动。它要求创造性地运用中外文两种语言知识和专业知识。而要达到这一点，只能靠大量的实践和不断的探索，别无捷径可走。
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