互联网金融的外文文献要求文章质量和原创。
研究中小企业融资要参考的英文文献英文图书和期刊类文献:[1]Allen NBerger,Gregory FUdell,“Relationship Lending and Lines of Credit inSmall FirmFinance,”Journal of Business,V68,(1995),351-381.[2]Aghion,P,Incomplete contracts approach to financial contracting,Review ofEconomics Studies,1992,V59,p473-494.[3]Albertode,M&JulioPDeterminants of capital structure:new evidencefrom Spanish Panel data[J]Journal of Corporate Finance,2001,(7):77-99.[4]ANBerger,NHMiller,MAPetersen,RGRajan,JCStein,2001,“DoesFunction Follow Organizational Form?Evidence from the Lending Practices ofLarge and Small Banks”,Board of Governors of Federal Reserve SystemWorking Paper.[5]Azam,JP,BBiais,MDia and CMInformal and Formal Credit Marketsand Credit Rationing in Cote D’Ivoire,Oxford Review of Economic Policy,2001,17(4),520-[6]Bernanke,BS,MGInside the Black Box:The Credit Channel ofMonetary Policy Transmission[J]Journal of EconomicPerspectives,1995,(9);27-48.[7]Barbosa,E&Moraes,C,Determinants of the Firm’s Capital Structure:theCase of the Very Small Enterprises,Working Paper from Econpapers,2003,366-358。[8]Barton,SL&Gordon,PJCorporate strategy and capital structure[J]Strategic Management Journal,1988,9:623-632.[9]Baxter,ND&Cragg,JGCorporate choice among long-term financinginstruments[J]Review of Economics and Statistics,1970,(52):225-235.[10]Berger,AN,Udell,GF,RelationshipLending andLinesof Credit in SmallFirm Finance[J],Journal ofBusiness,1995,68,351—382.[11]Berger,AN,Udell,and GFThe Economics of Small Business Finance:The Roles of Private Equity and Debts Markets in the Financial GrowthCycle[J]Journal of Banking and Finance,1998,22(6):613-673.137[12]Berger and Udell,Small Business Credit Availability and RelationshipLending:The Importance of Bank Organizational Structure[J],EconomicJournal,2002,112(447)L:32-[13]Booth,Laurence,Varouj Aivazian,Asli Demirguckunt&Vojislav MCapital structures in developing countries[J]Journal of Finance,2001,(56):87-130.[14]Bradley,M,Jarrell,GA,&Kim,EHOn the existence of an optimal capitalstructure:theory and evidence[J]Journal of Finance,1984,(39):857-[15]Brander,JA&Lewis,TROligopoly and financial structure:the limitedliability effect[J]American Economic Review,1986,(76):956-970.[16]Chang CCapital structure as optimal contract[J]North American Journalof Economics and Finance,1999,(10):363-385.[17]Cole,R·A·,Goldberg,L·G·&White,L·J·Cookie-cutter versus character:Themicro structure of small business lending by large and small banks[J]·Journalof Financial and Quantitative Analysis,2004,39,pp227-[18]Collins,JM&Sekely,WSThe relationship of headquarters country andindustry classification to financial structure[J]Financial Management,1983,(3):45-51.[19]David FScott,John DMIndustry Influence on Financial Structure[J]Financila Management,Spring,1975,67-73.[20]DeAngelo,H&Masulis,ROptimal capital structure in corporate and PersonalTJournal of Financial Economics,1980,(8):3-29.[21]Durand,David,1952,Cost of Debt and Equity Funds for Business:Trends andProblems of Measurement,Conference on Research in Business Finance,National Bureau of Economic Research,New York,p215-247.[22]Eli Schwartz and J Richard ASome Surrogate Evidence inSupport of the Concept of Optimal Financial Structure[J]Journal of F22(1):10-18.[23]Enunza,VRDeterminants of financial structure in the central Americancommon market[J]Financial Management,1979,(3):72-77.[24]Fama,E&Jensen,MCAgeney Problem and residual Journal of Lawand Economics,1983,(26):327-349.[25]Frank MZ,GoyalVKTesting the Pecking Order Theory of Capital S138Journal of Financial Economics,67:217-248,[26]Gilson,STansaction cost and capital structure choice:evidences fromfinancially distressed firms[J]Journal of finance,1997,(52):161-195.[27]Grossman,S&Hart,OCorporate financial structure and managerial inincentives[J]In McCall,JEThe economic of information uncertainty[M]Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1982:107-137.[28]Hall,G,Hutchinson,P&Michaelas,NIndustry effects on the determinantsof unquoted SMEs’capital structure[J]International Journal of the Economicsof Business,2000,(7):297-312.[29]Harris,M&Raviv,AThe theory of capital structure[J]Journal of Finance,1991,(46):297-355.[30]Jensen,M&Meckling,WTheory of the firm:managerial behavior,agencycost and capital structure[J]Journal of Financial Economics,1976,3(l):305-360.[31]Jordan,J,Lowe,J&Taylor,PStrategy and financial policy in UK small firms[J]Journal of Business Finance and Accounting,1998,(25):1-27.[32]Jose Lopez-Gracia&Cristina Aybar-AAn empirical approach to thefinancial behavior of small and medium sized companies[J]Small BusinessEconomics,2000,14(l):55-63.[33]Kane,A,Marcus,AJ&McDonald,RLHow big is the tax advantage todebt[J]Journal of Finance,1984,(39):841-853.[34]Kester C WCapital and ownership structure:A comparison of United Statesand Japanese manufacturing corporations[J]FinancialManagement,1986(15):5-[35]Kim W S,Sorensen E HEvidence on the impact of the agency costs of debt incorporate debt policy[J]Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,1986,21:131-[36]Lee RIndustry and Size as Debt Ratio Determinants in ManufacturingInternationally[J]Financial Management,,2002(5),67-78.[37]Long,M&Maltiz,LThe investment-financing nexus:some empiricalevidence[J]Midland Corporate Finance Journal,1985,(3):53-59.[38]Marsh,PThe choice between equity and debt:an empirical study[J]Journal ofFinance,1982,(37):121-144.139[39]Mcmillan,J,Woodruff,CInterfirm Relationships and Informal Credit inVietnam[J]Quaterly Journal of Economics,1999,114(4):1285-1320.[40]Mian,S,and CWSAccounts Receivable Management Policy:Theoryand Evidence,Journal of Finance,1992,47:169-[41]Ming fang Li&Roy LSEnvironmental dynamism,capital structure andinnovation:an empirical test[J]The International Journal of OrganizationalAnalysis,2002,(10):169-179.[42]Modigliani,F&Miller,MHThe cost of capital,corporation finance and thetheory of investment[J]American Economic Review,1958(58),261-297.[43]Mreton HMDebt&TThe Journal of Finance,VXXXII,N2,May 1977,261~275.[44]Myers,SC,Determinants of corporate borrowing[J].Journal of FinancialEconomics5,1977,146-75.[45]Myers,SThe capital structure puzzle[J]Journal of Finance,1984,39(3):575-.[46]Myers,S&Majlu,NCorporate financing and investment decisions whenfirms have information that investors do not have[J]Journal of FinancialEconomics,1984,13(l):187-221.[47]Ng,Chee ,JKSmith,RISEvidence on the Determinants of CreditTerms Used in Interfirm Trade[J]Journal of Finance,1999,(54);1109-1129.[48]Petersen,MAand RGRThe Benefits of Lending Relationships:Evidence from Small Business Data,the Journal of Finance,1994,XLIX,3-[49]Petersen,MAand RGRTrade Credit:Theories and Evidence,theReview of Financial Studies,1997,VNo 3,661-[50]Piero SThe Works and Correspondence ofDavid Ricardo:Volume 1[M]Cambridge:AtThe University Press,1951.[51]Rajan,RG&Zingales,LWhat do we known about capital structure?Someevidence from international data[J]Journal of Finance,1995,(l):1421-1461.[52]RobertM Bowen,et al,1982,Evidence on The Existence and Determinants ofInter-Industry Differences in Leverage[J]Financial MWinter:10-[53]RThe determination of financial structure:The incentive signalingapproach,Bell Journal of Economics,1977,V8,p23-40.[54]Saring,Oded HBargaining with a Corporation and the Capital Structure ofBargaining Firm[J]Journal of Financial Economics,1984,(17)[55]Scott,JHBankruptcy,secured debt and optimal capital structure[J]Journalof Finance,1977,(32):1-[56]Smith,CW,andRLWatts,The Investment opportunity set and corporatefinancing,dividend and compensation Polices[J],Journal of FinancialEconomics3,1992,20-27[57]Stiglitz,J&Weiss,ACredit rationing in the market with imperfectinformation[J]American Economic Review,1981,73(3):393-409.[58]Stultz RManagerial discretion and optimal financing policies[J]JournalofFinancialEconomics,1990,(26):3-27.[59]Taggart,RAA model of corporate financing decisions[J]Journal of Finance,1977,(32):1467-[60]Taub,AJDeterminants of the firm’s capital structure[J]Review of Economicsand Statistics,1975,(57):410-[61]Titman,SThe effect of capital structure on a firm,liquidationdecision[J]Journal of Financial Economics,1984,(13):137-[62]Titman,S&Wessels,RThe determinants of capital structure choice[J]Journalof Finance,1988,(43):1-[63]Wald,JKHow firm characteristics affect capital structure:an internationalcomparison[J]Journal of Financial Research,1999,(22):161-[64]Willamson,OCorporate finance and corporate governance[J]The Journal ofFinance,1988,43(3):567-[65]William D.Bradford Creating Government Financing Programs for Small andMedium-sized Enterprises in China[J]2004,234-245.
研究中小企业融资要参考的英文文献英文图书和期刊类文献:[1]Allen NBerger,Gregory FUdell,“Relationship Lending and Lines of Credit inSmall FirmFinance,”Journal of Business,V68,(1995),351-381.[2]Aghion,P,Incomplete contracts approach to financial contracting,Review ofEconomics Studies,1992,V59,p473-494.[3]Albertode,M&JulioPDeterminants of capital structure:new evidencefrom Spanish Panel data[J]Journal of Corporate Finance,2001,(7):77-99.[4]ANBerger,NHMiller,MAPetersen,RGRajan,JCStein,2001,“DoesFunction Follow Organizational Form?Evidence from the Lending Practices ofLarge and Small Banks”,Board of Governors of Federal Reserve SystemWorking Paper.[5]Azam,JP,BBiais,MDia and CMInformal and Formal Credit Marketsand Credit Rationing in Cote D’Ivoire,Oxford Review of Economic Policy,2001,17(4),520-[6]Bernanke,BS,MGInside the Black Box:The Credit Channel ofMonetary Policy Transmission[J]Journal of EconomicPerspectives,1995,(9);27-48.[7]Barbosa,E&Moraes,C,Determinants of the Firm’s Capital Structure:theCase of the Very Small Enterprises,Working Paper from Econpapers,2003,366-358。[8]Barton,SL&Gordon,PJCorporate strategy and capital structure[J]Strategic Management Journal,1988,9:623-632.[9]Baxter,ND&Cragg,JGCorporate choice among long-term financinginstruments[J]Review of Economics and Statistics,1970,(52):225-235.[10]Berger,AN,Udell,GF,RelationshipLending andLinesof Credit in SmallFirm Finance[J],Journal ofBusiness,1995,68,351—382.[11]Berger,AN,Udell,and GFThe Economics of Small Business Finance:The Roles of Private Equity and Debts Markets in the Financial GrowthCycle[J]Journal of Banking and Finance,1998,22(6):613-673.137[12]Berger and Udell,Small Business Credit Availability and RelationshipLending:The Importance of Bank Organizational Structure[J],EconomicJournal,2002,112(447)L:32-[13]Booth,Laurence,Varouj Aivazian,Asli Demirguckunt&Vojislav MCapital structures in developing countries[J]Journal of Finance,2001,(56):87-130.[14]Bradley,M,Jarrell,GA,&Kim,EHOn the existence of an optimal capitalstructure:theory and evidence[J]Journal of Finance,1984,(39):857-[15]Brander,JA&Lewis,TROligopoly and financial structure:the limitedliability effect[J]American Economic Review,1986,(76):956-970.[16]Chang CCapital structure as optimal contract[J]North American Journalof Economics and Finance,1999,(10):363-385.[17]Cole,R·A·,Goldberg,L·G·&White,L·J·Cookie-cutter versus character:Themicro structure of small business lending by large and small banks[J]·Journalof Financial and Quantitative Analysis,2004,39,pp227-[18]Collins,JM&Sekely,WSThe relationship of headquarters country andindustry classification to financial structure[J]Financial Management,1983,(3):45-51.[19]David FScott,John DMIndustry Influence on Financial Structure[J]Financila Management,Spring,1975,67-73.[20]DeAngelo,H&Masulis,ROptimal capital structure in corporate and PersonalTJournal of Financial Economics,1980,(8):3-29.[21]Durand,David,1952,Cost of Debt and Equity Funds for Business:Trends andProblems of Measurement,Conference on Research in Business Finance,National Bureau of Economic Research,New York,p215-247.[22]Eli Schwartz and J Richard ASome Surrogate Evidence inSupport of the Concept of Optimal Financial Structure[J]Journal of F22(1):10-18.[23]Enunza,VRDeterminants of financial structure in the central Americancommon market[J]Financial Management,1979,(3):72-77.[24]Fama,E&Jensen,MCAgeney Problem and residual Journal of Lawand Economics,1983,(26):327-349.[25]Frank MZ,GoyalVKTesting the Pecking Order Theory of Capital S138Journal of Financial Economics,67:217-248,[26]Gilson,STansaction cost and capital structure choice:evidences fromfinancially distressed firms[J]Journal of finance,1997,(52):161-195.[27]Grossman,S&Hart,OCorporate financial structure and managerial inincentives[J]In McCall,JEThe economic of information uncertainty[M]Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1982:107-137.[28]Hall,G,Hutchinson,P&Michaelas,NIndustry effects on the determinantsof unquoted SMEs’capital structure[J]International Journal of the Economicsof Business,2000,(7):297-312.[29]Harris,M&Raviv,AThe theory of capital structure[J]Journal of Finance,1991,(46):297-355.[30]Jensen,M&Meckling,WTheory of the firm:managerial behavior,agencycost and capital structure[J]Journal of Financial Economics,1976,3(l):305-360.[31]Jordan,J,Lowe,J&Taylor,PStrategy and financial policy in UK small firms[J]Journal of Business Finance and Accounting,1998,(25):1-27.[32]Jose Lopez-Gracia&Cristina Aybar-AAn empirical approach to thefinancial behavior of small and medium sized companies[J]Small BusinessEconomics,2000,14(l):55-63.[33]Kane,A,Marcus,AJ&McDonald,RLHow big is the tax advantage todebt[J]Journal of Finance,1984,(39):841-853.[34]Kester C WCapital and ownership structure:A comparison of United Statesand Japanese manufacturing corporations[J]FinancialManagement,1986(15):5-[35]Kim W S,Sorensen E HEvidence on the impact of the agency costs of debt incorporate debt policy[J]Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,1986,21:131-[36]Lee RIndustry and Size as Debt Ratio Determinants in ManufacturingInternationally[J]Financial Management,,2002(5),67-78.[37]Long,M&Maltiz,LThe investment-financing nexus:some empiricalevidence[J]Midland Corporate Finance Journal,1985,(3):53-59.[38]Marsh,PThe choice between equity and debt:an empirical study[J]Journal ofFinance,1982,(37):121-144.139[39]Mcmillan,J,Woodruff,CInterfirm Relationships and Informal Credit inVietnam[J]Quaterly Journal of Economics,1999,114(4):1285-1320.[40]Mian,S,and CWSAccounts Receivable Management Policy:Theoryand Evidence,Journal of Finance,1992,47:169-[41]Ming fang Li&Roy LSEnvironmental dynamism,capital structure andinnovation:an empirical test[J]The International Journal of OrganizationalAnalysis,2002,(10):169-179.[42]Modigliani,F&Miller,MHThe cost of capital,corporation finance and thetheory of investment[J]American Economic Review,1958(58),261-297.[43]Mreton HMDebt&TThe Journal of Finance,VXXXII,N2,May 1977,261~275.[44]Myers,SC,Determinants of corporate borrowing[J].Journal of FinancialEconomics5,1977,146-75.[45]Myers,SThe capital structure puzzle[J]Journal of Finance,1984,39(3):575-.[46]Myers,S&Majlu,NCorporate financing and investment decisions whenfirms have information that investors do not have[J]Journal of FinancialEconomics,1984,13(l):187-221.[47]Ng,Chee ,JKSmith,RISEvidence on the Determinants of CreditTerms Used in Interfirm Trade[J]Journal of Finance,1999,(54);1109-1129.[48]Petersen,MAand RGRThe Benefits of Lending Relationships:Evidence from Small Business Data,the Journal of Finance,1994,XLIX,3-[49]Petersen,MAand RGRTrade Credit:Theories and Evidence,theReview of Financial Studies,1997,VNo 3,661-[50]Piero SThe Works and Correspondence ofDavid Ricardo:Volume 1[M]Cambridge:AtThe University Press,1951.[51]Rajan,RG&Zingales,LWhat do we known about capital structure?Someevidence from international data[J]Journal of Finance,1995,(l):1421-1461.[52]RobertM Bowen,et al,1982,Evidence on The Existence and Determinants ofInter-Industry Differences in Leverage[J]Financial MWinter:10-[53]RThe determination of financial structure:The incentive signalingapproach,Bell Journal of Economics,1977,V8,p23-40.[54]Saring,Oded HBargaining with a Corporation and the Capital Structure ofBargaining Firm[J]Journal of Financial Economics,1984,(17)[55]Scott,JHBankruptcy,secured debt and optimal capital structure[J]Journalof Finance,1977,(32):1-[56]Smith,CW,andRLWatts,The Investment opportunity set and corporatefinancing,dividend and compensation Polices[J],Journal of FinancialEconomics3,1992,20-27[57]Stiglitz,J&Weiss,ACredit rationing in the market with imperfectinformation[J]American Economic Review,1981,73(3):393-409.[58]Stultz RManagerial discretion and optimal financing policies[J]JournalofFinancialEconomics,1990,(26):3-27.[59]Taggart,RAA model of corporate financing decisions[J]Journal of Finance,1977,(32):1467-[60]Taub,AJDeterminants of the firm’s capital structure[J]Review of Economicsand Statistics,1975,(57):410-[61]Titman,SThe effect of capital structure on a firm,liquidationdecision[J]Journal of Financial Economics,1984,(13):137-[62]Titman,S&Wessels,RThe determinants of capital structure choice[J]Journalof Finance,1988,(43):1-[63]Wald,JKHow firm characteristics affect capital structure:an internationalcomparison[J]Journal of Financial Research,1999,(22):161-[64]Willamson,OCorporate finance and corporate governance[J]The Journal ofFinance,1988,43(3):567-[65]William D.Bradford Creating Government Financing Programs for Small andMedium-sized Enterprises in China[J]2004,234-245.
很少,可以多去这方面的论坛逛逛,里面帖子很多
可以在知网检索关键词,进行年份选择后,导出文献即可。
这个很好写的,自己多去网上了解了解根本没什么问题的,一篇文章的引用参考部分包括注释和参考文献两部分,注释是作者自己的解释(转引的参考文献也可以放在注释里),参考文献仅需列出参考书或论文的名称、作者、出版社或发表的期刊、著作时间或期刊期数等。注释用圆圈1 2标注,放脚注,参考文献用[1][2]标注,放尾注。有的刊物要求注释和参考文献都要在内文标注,有的刊物对参考文献不要求内文标注,在尾注列出就行。按最新的CNKI规范的要求应是前者。为保险起见,你还是都标吧。注:参考文献如是著作要标页码,论文只要标出期刊是第几期。例:参考文献:[1]金福海论建立我国的惩罚性赔偿制度[J]中国法学,1994,(3)[2]杨立新“王海现象”的民法思考——论消费者权益保护中的惩罚性赔偿金[J]河北法学, 1997,(5)[3]金福海消费者法论[M]北京:北京大学出版社,2005:[4]闫玮完善我国<消费者权益保护法>中的惩罚性赔偿制度[J]太原师范学院学报,2007,(1)[5]梁慧星<消费者权益保护法>第49条的解释适用[J]民商法论丛,2001,(3)[6]王堃论我国<消费者权益保护法>中的惩罚性赔偿[J]现代商业,[7]梁慧星关于<消费者权益保护法>第49条的解释适用[N]人民法院报,2001-3-[8]孔祥俊公平交易执法前沿问题研究[M]北京:工商出版社,1998:
金融 金融是货币流通和信用活动以及与之相联系的经济活动的总称,广义的金融泛指一切与信用货币的发行、保管、兑换、结算,融通有关的经济活动,甚至包括金银的买卖,狭义的金融专指信用货币的融通。 金融的内容可概括为货币的发行与回笼,存款的吸收与付出,贷款的发放与回收,金银、外汇的买卖,有价证券的发行与转让,保险、信托、国内、国际的货币结算等。从事金融活动的机构主要有银行、信托投资公司、保险公司、证券公司,还有信用合作社、财务公司、投资信托公司、金融租赁公司以及证券、金银、外汇交易所等。 金融是信用货币出现以后形成的一个经济范畴,它和信用是两个不同的概念:(1)金融不包括实物借贷而专指货币资金的融通(狭义金融),人们除了通过借贷货币融通资金之外,还以发行股票的方式来融通资金。(2)信用指一切货币的借贷,金融(狭义)专指信用货币的融通。人们之所以要在“信用”之外创造一个新的概念来专指信用货币的融通,是为了概括一种新的经济现象;信用与货币流通这两个经济过程已紧密地结合在一起。最能表明金融特征的是可以创造和消减货币的银行信用,银行信用被认为是金融的核心。从经济学分化出来的、研究资金融通的学科。传统的金融学研究领域大致有两个方向:宏观层面的金融市场运行理论和微观层面的公司投资理论。金融的特征: 金融是信用交易。(1)信用经济学上的信用,是一种商品交易的形式,对应于现货交易(即时清结的交易)。信用是金融的基础,金融最能体现信用的原则与特性。在发达的商品经济中,信用已与货币流通融为一体。(2)信用交易的应有特点 一方以对方偿还为条件,向对方先行移转商品(包括货币)的所有权,或者部分权能; 一方对商品所有权或其权能的先行移转与另一方的相对偿还之间,存在一定的时间差; 先行交付的一方需要承担一定的信用风险,信用交易的发生是基于给予对方信任。 金融原则上必须以货币为对象。 金融交易可以发生在各种经济成分之间。其主要研究分支包括:金融市场学(en:Financial market) 公司金融学(en:Corporate Finance) 金融工程学(en:Financial Engineering) 金融经济学(en:Financial Economics) 投资学(en:Investment Investment) 货币银行学(en:Money, Banking and Economics) 国际金融学(en:International Finance) 财政学(en:Public Finance) 保险学(en:Insurance Insurance) 数理金融学(en:Mathematical Finance) 金融计量经济学(en:Financial Econometrics)
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【摘要】自从Internet出现以后,它就引起了以科技为先驱的网络经济革命,随着网上货币、网络银行和网上清算等新的金融理念的出现,逐渐就形成了互联网金融的时代,如何在这种新经济形势下发展互联网金融是我们必须要考虑的问题。因此本文主要就是阐述当前形势下互联网金融的状况和在发展过程中存在的问题,并且对互联网金融未来的趋势进行分析,希望能对我国互联网金融的发展有所帮助。 【关键词】互联网 金融 现状 发展趋势 研究 一、引言 随着全球网络经济的迅速发展,电子商务的发展如雨后春笋,尤其是中国加入WTO之后,网络银行业务正在接受着来自全球银行业的严峻挑战。但与此同时,挑战与机遇并存,我们必须要积极有效地应对全球金融服务提供商的挑战,建立新的互联网金融战略,互联网金融自产生之日起就得到了迅速的发展,但是仍然存在许多的问题,因此,了解、分析我国的互联网金融现状,就是保障我国保持金融业竞争力的重要方法。 二、互联网金融的特点及意义 (一)互联网金融的特点 相对于传统金融,互联网金融具有很大的变化,它不仅在技术上有了很大的改进,而且在金融行业的管理方式和管理观念上面都很大的改变。它具有以下几个特点: 信息化和虚拟化。在互联网金融中进行生产和流通的是信息(包括货币、价格、中介服务等),这种现象它就决定了市场的信息化和虚拟化。 高效性与经济性。相对于传统金融,互联网金融的网络技术更加先进,处理相关的金融业务也更加快捷,它具有更好的灵活性,并且已经没有时间和空间的束缚,能够为客户提供更丰富、更方便的服务,大大提高了服务效率。 一体化。互联网金融的出现极大地推动了金融混业经营的发展,主要原因在于金融网络化的过程当中,客观上存在着系统管理客户所有财务金融信息的需求。 (二)互联网金融的意义 互联网金融对当代社会发展具有重要的意义,主要表现在以下几个方面: 互联网金融服务更全面直接广泛,提高了工作效率。由于互联网金融的发展,客户对原有的传统金融分支机构的依赖性越来越小,取而代之的则是网络交易。而网络交易无须面对面进行交易,这样不仅提高了银行的服务质量,还提高了客户的金融交易需求。 互联网金融极大地降低了交易成本。互联网金融机构无需构建庞大的办公场所,雇佣众多的营业员工,在各地开设分支机构,这些都大大降低了投资成本、营业费用和管理费用。 互联网金融服务的全球化服务。在经济全球化的今天,高科技技术如雨后春笋般出现,互联网金融服务突破了语言和地域方面的限制,使得网上银行的跨国服务更加容易,同时也会接触越来越多的客户,实现规模化经济。 三、我国的互联网金融现状 (一)我国的互联网金融取得的成绩 我国自从20世纪70年代开始进行金融电子化的进程,这就为互联网金融的开展打下了良好的基础。通过近三十年的发展,已经初步形成了互联网金融所需要的基本技术及运营框架。目前,企业网上银行功能非常丰富,还有质押贷款业务等等。网络银行最近几年,主要是以工商银行和招商银行为首的,取得了非常大的成绩,在国际上获得了很多大的奖项。 (二)我国的互联网金融存在的问题 虽然,我国的金融网络化已经初具成效,但是通过互联网金融所进行的交易量所占比重还相当小,表现在客户范围小,交易额小,风险性大等缺点。主要体现在支持互联网金融发展的大环境尚未完全建立、金融业缺乏对互联网金融业务的风险意识、金融认证体系尚未完善和互联网金融的相关法律有待配套。同时,互联网金融的发展将对传统金融业造成冲击与挑战。传统金融业的支柱是支付和信用,其核心分别是钱和信息,但如今这两方面都能够不同程度地借助互联网完成。但是,由于目前中国信用体系并不完善,相关政策不够健全,互联网金融的发展仍然面临种种问题与风险。 四、我国互联网金融的发展趋势 金融伴随着科技的发展形式日新月异,从网银到第三方支付,从国际电汇到电子商务。手机支付、网购保险、网上小额贷款……互联网与金融服务的融合日益加深,互联网金融大概可以分为三个层次:替换、优化和创新。替换是指对传统金融业务流程中某环节的直接替换;优化是再造金融业流程本身,即简化、优化或重构;而创新则是创造新的金融业务流程。由此,我们可以得出移动化、电商化、自金融将成为我国互联网金融的主要发展方向。 “移动化”主要指移动支付的快速发展。据互联网研究机构艾瑞咨询统计,2012年中国第三方支付市场整体交易规模达9万亿元,同比增长2%,其中第三方移动支付市场交易规模达4亿元。这使得银行服务逐渐从前台走向后台。 “电商化”是指电商企业基于交易信息和信用评估为小微企业提供的信贷服务。其中最典型的就是阿里巴巴金融,为阿里巴巴、淘宝、天猫等电子商务平台的小微企业提供可持续性的小额贷款,金融从数千元到数十万元不等。 而“自金融”模式则是通过互联网的用户聚合和高速传播的特点,为用户提供直接的投融资服务,资金的需求方和供给方都是个人,取代了原有的机构渠道来进行融资和贷款。宜信、拍拍贷、人人贷等小额网络贷款平台是提供此类服务的代表性平台。 五、小结 经济的发展是以科技为基础的,在全球化日益加剧的今天,互联网金融产业的兴起也是迎合了世界经济发展的趋势,从现阶段的发展来看其发展现状仍然存在着许多问题,但是互联网金融产业仍会是未来一个高增长、高增加值的产业。由其发展所带来的经济效益不可估量。电子化的时代需要电子化的经济模式,互联网金融的在未来经济发展中的责任任重道远。