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In 1972, IBM introduced flexible diskettes as a medium for loading programs into mainframe Because the disks were so flexible, they were nicknamed floppy They are inexpensive, small, and easy to handle, store, and send through the Most computers have at least one floppy disk Floppy disks, also called diskettes, are available in two sizes: 5 and 25 For MS-DOS based computers, the 5-inch disks are available in 720-kilobyte (double - density), 44-megabyte (high - density), and 88-megabyte (extended - density) The 25-inch disks have a density of 48 tracks per inch, whereas high-density disks have a density of 96 tracks per Almost all 5-inch floppy disks have a density of 135tracks per The earliest models of floppy disks were single- The addition of another read/write head in the disk drive led to the use of double-sided floppy disk, and doubled the capacity of the Today, all floppy disks are double- If you examine a 5-inch floppy disk, you will see that a metal sleeve covers the read/write When you insert the disk into a disk into a disk drive, the metal sleeve slides back, exposing the read/write The read/write head of the floppy disk drive can position itself over specific Because of the metal sleeve and the rigid plastic casing, the 5-inch floppy disk is less vulnerable to damage than the 25-inch floppy To use the files or programs that are on a floppy disk, you must first insert the disk into a floppy disk Floppy disk drives are commonly referred to as the A drive and the B Check your computer manual to see which drive is A and which is B
随着互联网的迅速的发展，基于互联网的各种应用日益受到人们的重视，基于Web的考试系统在这种形势下应运而生，它可以利用网络，随时随地对学生进行考试，是传统考场的延伸。本文在基于一般考试系统的设计与实现技术上，结合公务员考试的特点，通过对系统的结构设计、后台设计、前端开发，构建了一个基于B/S三层结构的、以JSP为开发平台和Oracle9i为数据库的公务员考试系统。本系统基本实现了招考信息发布、学生注册报名、单位进行资格审查、管理员对用户及角色进行管理等功能。本公务员考试系统采用的技术较为新奇，在今后的应用将会很广泛。该系统既可以用于政府机关招聘公务员，也可用于各事业单位招聘。Along with the rapid development of the Internet, Web based applications increasingly attention, the test system based on Web in this situation arises at the historic moment, it can use the network to students, anytime, anywhere, is a traditional examination Based on the general test system based on the design and implementation of the technology, combining the characteristics of the civil service examination system, the structure design, development, design, front back to construct a three layers based on B/S structure, with the JSP development platform of Oracle9i and the civil service examination system for This system realizes the recruitment information release, student registration, unit of user credentials, administrator management role and The civil service exam system adopts the technology of the future, in relatively novel application will be very This system not only can be used for civil servants, and can also be used for each business
电脑的学名为电子计算机，是由早期的电动计算器发展而来的。1946年，世界上出现了第一台电子数字计算机“ENIAC”，用于计算弹道。是由美国宾夕法尼亚大学莫尔电工学院制造的，但它的体积庞大，占地面积170多平方米，重量约30吨，消耗近100千瓦的电力。显然，这样的计算机成本很高，使用不便。1956年，晶体管电子计算机诞生了，这是第二代电子计算机。只要几个大一点的柜子就可将它容下，运算速度也大大地提高了。1959年出现的是第三代集成电路计算机。最初的计算机由约翰·冯·诺依曼发明(那时电脑的计算能力相当于现在的计算器)，有三间库房那么大，后逐步发展。 从20世纪70年代开始，这是电脑发展的最新阶段。到1970年，由大规模集成电路和超大规模集成电路制成的“克雷一号”，使电脑进入了第四代。超大规模集成电路的发明，使电子计算机不断向着 小型化、微型化、低功耗、智能化、系统化的方向更新换代。20世纪90年代，电脑向“智能”方向发展，制造出与人脑相似的电脑，可以进行思维、学习、记忆、网络通信等工作。 进入21世纪，电脑更是笔记本化、微型化和专业化，每秒运算速度超过100万次，不但操作简易、价格便宜，而且可以代替人们的部分脑力劳动，甚至在某些方面扩展了人的智能。于是，今天的微型电子计算机就被形象地称做电脑了。世界上第一台个人电脑由IBM于1981年推出。IBM推出以英特尔的x86为硬体架构，以微软公司的MS-DOS为操作系统的个人电脑，并制定以PC/AT为PC的规格。之后，由英特尔推出的微处理器以及微软推出的操作系统的发展几乎等同于个人电脑的发展历史。Wintel架构全面取代了IBM在个人电脑世界的主导地位。 通常说到“世界公认的第一台电子数字计算机”大多数人都认为是1946年面世的“ENIAC”，它主要是用于计算弹道。是由美国宾夕法尼亚大学莫尔电气工程学院制造的，它的体积庞大，占地面积170多平方米，重量约30吨，消耗近150千瓦的电力。显然，这样的计算机成本很高，使用不便。这个说法被计算机基础教科书上普遍采用,事实上在1973年根据美国最高法院的裁定,最早的电子数字计算机,应该是美国爱荷华州立大学的物理系副教授约翰·阿坦那索夫和其研究生助手克利夫·贝瑞(Clifford E Berry ，1918-1963）于1939年10月制造的"ABC"(Atanasoff- Berry-Computer）。之所以会有这样的误会，是因为“ENIAC”的研究小组中的一个叫莫克利的人于1941年剽窃了约翰·阿坦那索夫的研究成果，并在1946年时，申请了专利。由于种种原因直到1973年这个错误才被扭转过来。（具体情况参阅百度百科----“约翰·阿坦那索夫”词条，希望大家记住ABC和约翰·阿坦那索夫，希望以后的教科书能够修改这个错误）。后来为了表彰和纪念约翰·阿坦那索夫在计算机领域内作出的伟大贡献，1990年美国前总统布什授予约翰·阿坦那索夫全美最高科技奖项----“国家科技奖”。 中国电脑 中国的算盘是最早的运算工具。在人类文明发展的历史上中国曾经在早期计算工具的发明创造方面写过光辉的一页。远在商代，中国就创造了十进制记数方法，领先于世界千余年。到了周代，发明了当时最先进的计算工具——算筹。这是一种用竹、木或骨制成的颜色不同的小棍。计算每一个数学问题时，通常编出一套歌诀形式的算法，一边计算，一边不断地重新布棍。中国古代数学家祖冲之，就是用算筹计算出圆周率在1415926和1415927之间。这一结果比西方早一千年。 珠算盘是中国的又一独创，也是计算工具发展史上的第一项重大发明。这种轻巧灵活、携带方便、与人民生活关系密切的计算工具，最初大约出现于汉朝，到元朝时渐趋成熟。珠算盘不仅对中国经济的发展起过有益的作用，而且传到日本、朝鲜、东南亚等地区，经受了历史的考验，至今仍在使用。 中国发明创造指南车、水运浑象仪、记里鼓车、提花机等，不仅对自动控制机械的发展有卓越的贡献，而且对计算工具的演进产生了直接或间接的影响。例如，张衡制作的水运浑象仪，可以自动地与地球运转同步，后经唐、宋两代的改进，遂成为世界上最早的天文钟。 记里鼓车则是世界上最早的自动计数装置。提花机原理与计算机程序控制的发展有过间接的影响。中国古代用阳、阴两爻构成八卦，也对计算技术的发展有过直接的影响。莱布尼兹写过研究八卦的论文，系统地提出了二进制算术运算法则。他认为，世界上最早的二进制表示法就是中国的八卦。 经过漫长的沉寂，新中国成立后，中国计算技术迈入了新的发展时期，先后建立了研究机构，在高等院校建立了计算技术与装置专业和计算数学专业，并且着手创建中国计算机制造业。 中国是在1956年研制成功国产计算机的。1958年和1959年中国先后自主研制成功国产小型和大型电子管计算机。60年代中期，中国研制成功一批晶体管计算机，并配制了ALGOL等语言的编译程序和其他系统软件。60年代后期，中国开始研究集成电路计算机。70年代，中国已批量生产小型集成电路计算机。80年代以后，中国开始重点研制微型计算机系统并推广应用；在大型计算机、特别是巨型计算机技术方面也取得了重要进展；建立了计算机服务业，逐步健全了计算机产业结构。 在计算机科学与技术的研究方面，中国在有限元计算方法、数学定理的机器证明、汉字信息处理、计算机系统结构和软件等方面都有所建树。在计算机应用方面，中国在科学计算与工程设计领域取得了显著成就。在有关经营管理和过程控制等方面，计算机应用研究和实践也日益活跃。The scientific name for electronic computer by early computer, is developed from electric In 1946, the world appeared the first electronic digital computer "ENIAC", used for calculating By the university of Pennsylvania electrician college manufacturing, Moore, the huge volume, but it occupies an area of more than one hundred seventy square meters, weight is about 30 tons, consumption by nearly 100 kilowatts of Obviously, this computer cost is high, difficult to In 1956, transistor electronic computer was born, this is the second generation of Only a few bigger cabinet can will it hold, speed also greatly 1959 appeared in the third generation integrated circuit Early computer by John and von neumann invention (then the computing power of computer now, there are three calculators) is so large, warehouse after between gradual From 20th century since the 1970s, this is the latest stage of computer To 1970, by large scale integrated circuit and vlsi circuits made of "1", make the computer clay into the fourth The invention of vlsi, make the electronic computer constantly toward miniaturization, miniaturization, low power consumption, intelligent, systematic direction During the 1990s, the computer to "smart" direction development, produce and the brain computer, can undertake similar thinking, learning and memory, network communication, Entering the 21st century, the computer is notebook change, miniaturization and specialization, gigabits per second operation speed over 100 million times, not only operate simple, cheap, and can replace people part mental work, even in some ways expanded the human's So, today's microcomputer is what has been aptly called The world's first personal computers launched by IBM in Introduction to Intel's x86 IBM for hardware structure, with Microsoft's ms-dos for the personal computer operating system and formulated to PC/AT for PC Later, launched by Intel microprocessor and Microsoft introduced the development of the operating system almost as fast as the development history of personal Wintel architecture comprehensive replaced in the PC world of IBM's Usually said "the world recognized as the first electronic digital computer" most people think that is available in 1946, "it" ENIAC is mainly used for calculating By the university of Pennsylvania is made of electrical engineering college Mohr, its huge volume, covers an area of more than one hundred seventy square meters, weight is about 30 tons, costs nearly 150 kilowatts of Obviously, this computer cost is high, difficult to This statement is widely used Computer basic textbooks in 1973, in fact, according to the United States Supreme Court ruled that the earliest digital electronic computers, should is the Iowa state university physics department associate professor John o SuoFu and its Tampa that graduate assistant cliff Berry (Clifford Berry , 1918-1963) in October 1939 manufacturing "ABC" (Atanasoff - Berry - Computer) Have this misunderstanding, because "ENIAC" one of the research team at Cleveland, called mo 1941, o John plagiarism SuoFu research achievements of the Tampa in 1946, and apply for a Due to various reasons until 1973 this error is turn them (particular case refer to baidu - "John o wikipedia entries and SuoFu" Tampa that hope everyone remember ABC and John o SuoFu, hoped later tantra that can modify this error of Later in order to commend and commemorative John o SuoFu in computer field tantra it within a great contribution in 1990, former US President bush awarded Tampa SuoFu John o across the highest technology awards - "the state" eeffect "Chinese computer Chinese abacus is the earliest computing In the history of the development of human civilization in China was once early computing tools invention aspects wrote a glorious Shang, China will have created a decimal numeration method, leading in more than 1,000 To the zhou dynasty, invented the most advanced computing tools - count This is a kind of bamboo, wood or bone of different colors made of small Computing every math problems, usually make up a set of GeJue forms of algorithm, side calculation, side constantly to cloth Ancient Chinese mathematician zu chongzhi, is calculated by numerical raised in 1415927 1415926 and between of PI The results earlier than the west for a thousand Abacus plate is another original Chinese, but also in the history of computing tools in the first major This light and flexible, convenient to carry, and people's living close calculation tool, first emerged when YuHanChao maturity, to the yuan Abacus in Chinese economy not only dish played beneficial effects of the development, and spread to Japan, Korea, southeast Asia and other regions, withstand the test of the history, are still in Chinese inventions, it was the direction-guiding cart in waterway written instrument, such as car, jacquard machine drums, not only to the development of automatic control machines have outstanding contributions to computing tools, and the evolution produced direct or indirect For example, it was made of zhang heng waterway, can automatically instrument with earth in moving synchronization, by the tang, song after two generations of improvement, thus became the world's first The car is written in the world drum, the earliest automatic counting Jacquard machine principle and the development of the computer program control have indirect Ancient Chinese Yao with Yang, Yin constitutes a gossip, and two of the development of computing technology have direct Leibnitz wrote research papers, systematically tabloid forward binary arithmetic He thinks, the world's first binary representation is China's After a long silence, after the founding of new China, Chinese computing entered the new developing period, has established a research organization, in universities and colleges to establish computing technology and device professional and computational mathematics, and hands to create China professional computer China is developed successfully in 1956 in home In 1958 and 1959 China has successfully developed independently domestic small and large tube In the mid 60, China has successfully developed computer, and configuration of the transistor such language ALGOL compiler and other system In the late 1960's, China began to study computer integrated In the 1970s, China has batch production small integrated circuit In the 1980s, China began after key development microcomputer system and popularized; In large computer, especially huge computer technology has also made important progress; Established computer services, and gradually improve the computer industry In computer science and technology research, China in finite element calculation method, mathematical theorems machine proof, Chinese information processing, computer system structure and software all aspects In computer applications, in Chinese scientific computing and engineering design fields have achieved remarkable In the related management and process control, computer application research and practice is increasingly
计算机，方面的英语论的
搜索一篇外文数码网站的文章就ok啦
我正好有，发邮件来，注明一下。
计算机，方面的英语论的
电脑的学名为电子计算机，是由早期的电动计算器发展而来的。1946年，世界上出现了第一台电子数字计算机“ENIAC”，用于计算弹道。是由美国宾夕法尼亚大学莫尔电工学院制造的，但它的体积庞大，占地面积170多平方米，重量约30吨，消耗近100千瓦的电力。显然，这样的计算机成本很高，使用不便。1956年，晶体管电子计算机诞生了，这是第二代电子计算机。只要几个大一点的柜子就可将它容下，运算速度也大大地提高了。1959年出现的是第三代集成电路计算机。最初的计算机由约翰·冯·诺依曼发明(那时电脑的计算能力相当于现在的计算器)，有三间库房那么大，后逐步发展。 从20世纪70年代开始，这是电脑发展的最新阶段。到1970年，由大规模集成电路和超大规模集成电路制成的“克雷一号”，使电脑进入了第四代。超大规模集成电路的发明，使电子计算机不断向着 小型化、微型化、低功耗、智能化、系统化的方向更新换代。20世纪90年代，电脑向“智能”方向发展，制造出与人脑相似的电脑，可以进行思维、学习、记忆、网络通信等工作。 进入21世纪，电脑更是笔记本化、微型化和专业化，每秒运算速度超过100万次，不但操作简易、价格便宜，而且可以代替人们的部分脑力劳动，甚至在某些方面扩展了人的智能。于是，今天的微型电子计算机就被形象地称做电脑了。世界上第一台个人电脑由IBM于1981年推出。IBM推出以英特尔的x86为硬体架构，以微软公司的MS-DOS为操作系统的个人电脑，并制定以PC/AT为PC的规格。之后，由英特尔推出的微处理器以及微软推出的操作系统的发展几乎等同于个人电脑的发展历史。Wintel架构全面取代了IBM在个人电脑世界的主导地位。 通常说到“世界公认的第一台电子数字计算机”大多数人都认为是1946年面世的“ENIAC”，它主要是用于计算弹道。是由美国宾夕法尼亚大学莫尔电气工程学院制造的，它的体积庞大，占地面积170多平方米，重量约30吨，消耗近150千瓦的电力。显然，这样的计算机成本很高，使用不便。这个说法被计算机基础教科书上普遍采用,事实上在1973年根据美国最高法院的裁定,最早的电子数字计算机,应该是美国爱荷华州立大学的物理系副教授约翰·阿坦那索夫和其研究生助手克利夫·贝瑞(Clifford E Berry ，1918-1963）于1939年10月制造的"ABC"(Atanasoff- Berry-Computer）。之所以会有这样的误会，是因为“ENIAC”的研究小组中的一个叫莫克利的人于1941年剽窃了约翰·阿坦那索夫的研究成果，并在1946年时，申请了专利。由于种种原因直到1973年这个错误才被扭转过来。（具体情况参阅百度百科----“约翰·阿坦那索夫”词条，希望大家记住ABC和约翰·阿坦那索夫，希望以后的教科书能够修改这个错误）。后来为了表彰和纪念约翰·阿坦那索夫在计算机领域内作出的伟大贡献，1990年美国前总统布什授予约翰·阿坦那索夫全美最高科技奖项----“国家科技奖”。 中国电脑 中国的算盘是最早的运算工具。在人类文明发展的历史上中国曾经在早期计算工具的发明创造方面写过光辉的一页。远在商代，中国就创造了十进制记数方法，领先于世界千余年。到了周代，发明了当时最先进的计算工具——算筹。这是一种用竹、木或骨制成的颜色不同的小棍。计算每一个数学问题时，通常编出一套歌诀形式的算法，一边计算，一边不断地重新布棍。中国古代数学家祖冲之，就是用算筹计算出圆周率在1415926和1415927之间。这一结果比西方早一千年。 珠算盘是中国的又一独创，也是计算工具发展史上的第一项重大发明。这种轻巧灵活、携带方便、与人民生活关系密切的计算工具，最初大约出现于汉朝，到元朝时渐趋成熟。珠算盘不仅对中国经济的发展起过有益的作用，而且传到日本、朝鲜、东南亚等地区，经受了历史的考验，至今仍在使用。 中国发明创造指南车、水运浑象仪、记里鼓车、提花机等，不仅对自动控制机械的发展有卓越的贡献，而且对计算工具的演进产生了直接或间接的影响。例如，张衡制作的水运浑象仪，可以自动地与地球运转同步，后经唐、宋两代的改进，遂成为世界上最早的天文钟。 记里鼓车则是世界上最早的自动计数装置。提花机原理与计算机程序控制的发展有过间接的影响。中国古代用阳、阴两爻构成八卦，也对计算技术的发展有过直接的影响。莱布尼兹写过研究八卦的论文，系统地提出了二进制算术运算法则。他认为，世界上最早的二进制表示法就是中国的八卦。 经过漫长的沉寂，新中国成立后，中国计算技术迈入了新的发展时期，先后建立了研究机构，在高等院校建立了计算技术与装置专业和计算数学专业，并且着手创建中国计算机制造业。 中国是在1956年研制成功国产计算机的。1958年和1959年中国先后自主研制成功国产小型和大型电子管计算机。60年代中期，中国研制成功一批晶体管计算机，并配制了ALGOL等语言的编译程序和其他系统软件。60年代后期，中国开始研究集成电路计算机。70年代，中国已批量生产小型集成电路计算机。80年代以后，中国开始重点研制微型计算机系统并推广应用；在大型计算机、特别是巨型计算机技术方面也取得了重要进展；建立了计算机服务业，逐步健全了计算机产业结构。 在计算机科学与技术的研究方面，中国在有限元计算方法、数学定理的机器证明、汉字信息处理、计算机系统结构和软件等方面都有所建树。在计算机应用方面，中国在科学计算与工程设计领域取得了显著成就。在有关经营管理和过程控制等方面，计算机应用研究和实践也日益活跃。The scientific name for electronic computer by early computer, is developed from electric In 1946, the world appeared the first electronic digital computer "ENIAC", used for calculating By the university of Pennsylvania electrician college manufacturing, Moore, the huge volume, but it occupies an area of more than one hundred seventy square meters, weight is about 30 tons, consumption by nearly 100 kilowatts of Obviously, this computer cost is high, difficult to In 1956, transistor electronic computer was born, this is the second generation of Only a few bigger cabinet can will it hold, speed also greatly 1959 appeared in the third generation integrated circuit Early computer by John and von neumann invention (then the computing power of computer now, there are three calculators) is so large, warehouse after between gradual From 20th century since the 1970s, this is the latest stage of computer To 1970, by large scale integrated circuit and vlsi circuits made of "1", make the computer clay into the fourth The invention of vlsi, make the electronic computer constantly toward miniaturization, miniaturization, low power consumption, intelligent, systematic direction During the 1990s, the computer to "smart" direction development, produce and the brain computer, can undertake similar thinking, learning and memory, network communication, Entering the 21st century, the computer is notebook change, miniaturization and specialization, gigabits per second operation speed over 100 million times, not only operate simple, cheap, and can replace people part mental work, even in some ways expanded the human's So, today's microcomputer is what has been aptly called The world's first personal computers launched by IBM in Introduction to Intel's x86 IBM for hardware structure, with Microsoft's ms-dos for the personal computer operating system and formulated to PC/AT for PC Later, launched by Intel microprocessor and Microsoft introduced the development of the operating system almost as fast as the development history of personal Wintel architecture comprehensive replaced in the PC world of IBM's Usually said "the world recognized as the first electronic digital computer" most people think that is available in 1946, "it" ENIAC is mainly used for calculating By the university of Pennsylvania is made of electrical engineering college Mohr, its huge volume, covers an area of more than one hundred seventy square meters, weight is about 30 tons, costs nearly 150 kilowatts of Obviously, this computer cost is high, difficult to This statement is widely used Computer basic textbooks in 1973, in fact, according to the United States Supreme Court ruled that the earliest digital electronic computers, should is the Iowa state university physics department associate professor John o SuoFu and its Tampa that graduate assistant cliff Berry (Clifford Berry , 1918-1963) in October 1939 manufacturing "ABC" (Atanasoff - Berry - Computer) Have this misunderstanding, because "ENIAC" one of the research team at Cleveland, called mo 1941, o John plagiarism SuoFu research achievements of the Tampa in 1946, and apply for a Due to various reasons until 1973 this error is turn them (particular case refer to baidu - "John o wikipedia entries and SuoFu" Tampa that hope everyone remember ABC and John o SuoFu, hoped later tantra that can modify this error of Later in order to commend and commemorative John o SuoFu in computer field tantra it within a great contribution in 1990, former US President bush awarded Tampa SuoFu John o across the highest technology awards - "the state" eeffect "Chinese computer Chinese abacus is the earliest computing In the history of the development of human civilization in China was once early computing tools invention aspects wrote a glorious Shang, China will have created a decimal numeration method, leading in more than 1,000 To the zhou dynasty, invented the most advanced computing tools - count This is a kind of bamboo, wood or bone of different colors made of small Computing every math problems, usually make up a set of GeJue forms of algorithm, side calculation, side constantly to cloth Ancient Chinese mathematician zu chongzhi, is calculated by numerical raised in 1415927 1415926 and between of PI The results earlier than the west for a thousand Abacus plate is another original Chinese, but also in the history of computing tools in the first major This light and flexible, convenient to carry, and people's living close calculation tool, first emerged when YuHanChao maturity, to the yuan Abacus in Chinese economy not only dish played beneficial effects of the development, and spread to Japan, Korea, southeast Asia and other regions, withstand the test of the history, are still in Chinese inventions, it was the direction-guiding cart in waterway written instrument, such as car, jacquard machine drums, not only to the development of automatic control machines have outstanding contributions to computing tools, and the evolution produced direct or indirect For example, it was made of zhang heng waterway, can automatically instrument with earth in moving synchronization, by the tang, song after two generations of improvement, thus became the world's first The car is written in the world drum, the earliest automatic counting Jacquard machine principle and the development of the computer program control have indirect Ancient Chinese Yao with Yang, Yin constitutes a gossip, and two of the development of computing technology have direct Leibnitz wrote research papers, systematically tabloid forward binary arithmetic He thinks, the world's first binary representation is China's After a long silence, after the founding of new China, Chinese computing entered the new developing period, has established a research organization, in universities and colleges to establish computing technology and device professional and computational mathematics, and hands to create China professional computer China is developed successfully in 1956 in home In 1958 and 1959 China has successfully developed independently domestic small and large tube In the mid 60, China has successfully developed computer, and configuration of the transistor such language ALGOL compiler and other system In the late 1960's, China began to study computer integrated In the 1970s, China has batch production small integrated circuit In the 1980s, China began after key development microcomputer system and popularized; In large computer, especially huge computer technology has also made important progress; Established computer services, and gradually improve the computer industry In computer science and technology research, China in finite element calculation method, mathematical theorems machine proof, Chinese information processing, computer system structure and software all aspects In computer applications, in Chinese scientific computing and engineering design fields have achieved remarkable In the related management and process control, computer application research and practice is increasingly
海外英语杂志欢迎投稿，详情见我的空间
计算机，方面的英语论的
搜索一篇外文数码网站的文章就ok啦
通常说到“世界公认的第一台电子数字计算机”大多数人都认为是1946年面世的“ENIAC”，它主要是用于计算弹道。是由美国宾夕法尼亚大学莫尔电工学院制造的，但它的体积庞大，占地面积170多平方米，重量约30吨，消耗近140千瓦的电力。显然，这样的计算机成本很高，使用不便。这个说法被计算机基础教科书上普遍采用,事实上在1973年根据美国最高法院的裁定,最早的电子数字计算机,应该是美国爱何华大学的物理系副教授约翰·阿坦那索夫和其研究生助手克利夫·贝瑞Clifford E Berry ，1818-1963）于1939年10月制造的"ABC"(Atanasoff- Berry-Computer）。之所以会有这样的误会，是因为“ENIAC”的研究小组中的一个叫莫克利的人于1941年剽窃了约翰·阿坦那索夫的研究成果，并在1946年时，申请了专利。由于种种原因直到1973年这个错误才被扭转过来。（具体情况参阅百度百科----“约翰·阿坦那索夫”词条，希望大家记住ABC和约翰·阿坦那索夫，希望以后的教科书能够修改这个错误）。后来为了表彰和纪念约翰·阿坦那索夫在计算机领域内作出的伟大贡献，1990年美国前总统布什授予约翰·阿坦那索夫全美最高科技奖项----“国家科技奖”。 1956年，晶体管电子计算机诞生了，这是第二代电子计算机。只要几个大一点的柜子就可将它容下，运算速度也大大地提高了。1959年出现的是第三代集成电路计算机。 最初的计算机由约翰·冯·诺依曼发明(那时电脑的计算能力相当于现在的计算器)，有三间库房那么大，后逐步发展而成。 从20世纪70年代开始，这是电脑发展的最新阶段。到1976年，由大规模集成电路和超大规模集成电路制成的“克雷一号”，使电脑进入了第四代。超大规模集成电路的发明，使电子计算机不断向着 小型化、微型化、低功耗、智能化、系统化的方向更新换代。 20世纪90年代，电脑向“智能”方向发展，制造出与人脑相似的电脑，可以进行思维、学习、记忆、网络通信等工作。 进入21世纪，电脑更是笔记本化、微型化和专业化，每秒运算速度超过100万次，不但操作简易、价格便宜，而且可以代替人们的部分脑力劳动，甚至在某些方面扩展了人的智能。于是，今天的微型电子计算机就被形象地称做电脑了。 世界上第一台个人电脑由IBM于1980年推出。IBM推出以英特尔的x86的硬体架构及微软公司的MS-DOS操作系统的个人电脑，并制定以PC/AT为PC的规格。之后由英特尔所推出的微处理器以及微软所推出的操作系统发展几乎等同于个人电脑的发展历史。Wintel架构全面取代了IBM在个人电脑主导的地位Usually when it comes to "the world's first recognized electronic digital computer" Most people thought that it was published in 1946 the "ENIAC", it is mainly used to calculate the By the University of Pennsylvania Moore School of Electrical Engineering-made, but it's huge in size and covers an area of more than one hundred and seventy square meters and weighs about 30 tons, consumed almost 140 kilowatts of Clearly, the high cost of such computers, the use of the This was a computer on the basis of widely used textbooks, in fact, in 1973 the US Supreme Court ruled that the first electronic digital computer, we should love the United States Department of Physics, University Associate Professor HEAtanasoff and his graduate student assistantClifford E Berry ,1818-1963) in October 1939 to create the "ABC" (Atanasoff-Berry-Computer) The reason why is there such a misunderstanding, because the "ENIAC" in the study group of people called Moakley in 1941 Atanasoffplagiarism of research results, and in 1946, applied for a Due to various reasons in 1973 until this error was (Refer to the specific circumstances of Baidu EncyclopediaAtanasoff ----" "term, I hope you rememberAtanasoff and ABC, the textbook can hope to change the error) Later, in recognition and commemoration of Atanasoffin the computer industry made great contributions in 1990, former US President George W Bush awarded Atanasoffthe highest technology award ----" US National Science and Technology A " In 1956, the birth of the transistor computer, which is a second-generation Just a few of the cabinets can be a bit more it, computing speed is greatly Emerged in 1959 is the third generation of integrated circuit The first computer by the invention of John von Neumann (then equivalent to the computer's computing power of the calculator is now), there are three big Treasury, the latter gradually 70s from the beginning of the 20th century, this is the latest stage of computer To 1976, by the large-scale integrated circuits and ultra large scale integrated circuit made of the "Craven on the 1st," the computer into the fourth The invention of ultra-large-scale integrated circuits, so that computer continuously towards smaller, miniaturized, low power, intelligent, systematic replacement of 20th century 90's, the computer to the "smart" development, manufacturing, similar to the human brain with computers, can be thinking, learning, memory, network communication and so The 21st century, is a notebook computer, and miniaturization and specialization, speed of operation per second over one million times, not only simple, inexpensive, and can replace part of people's mental and even expanded in some areas people I Thus, today's micro-electronic computer was called the image to the The world's first personal computers from IBM introduced in IBM introduced the Intel x86 hardware architecture and Microsoft's MS-DOS personal computer operating system and the development of PC / AT for the PC After the introduction by Intel microprocessors and Microsoft operating system introduced by the development is almost equivalent to the history of the development of personal Wintel comprehensive framework to replace the IBM personal computer in the leading position
在网上一搜一大把，有好多的专业的论文网站或者论坛，参考 参考还是可以的，要是直接档下来，那就不太好了，
写一个专门的论点，详细论述，写一些见解和心得！
毕业论文是教学科研过程的一个环节，也是学业成绩考核和评定的一种重要方式。毕业论文的目的在于总结学生在校期间的学习成果，培养学生具有综合地创造性地运用所学的全部专业知识和技能解决较为复杂问题的能力并使他们受到科学研究的基本训练。标题标题是文章的眉目。各类文章的标题，样式繁多，但无论是何种形式，总要以全部或不同的侧面体现作者的写作意图、文章的主旨。毕业论文的标题一般分为总标题、副标题、分标题几种。总标题总标题是文章总体内容的体现。常见的写法有：①揭示课题的实质。这种形式的标题，高度概括全文内容，往往就是文章的中心论点。它具有高度的明确性，便于读者把握全文内容的核心。诸如此类的标题很多，也很普遍。如《关于经济体制的模式问题》、《经济中心论》、《县级行政机构改革之我见》等。②提问式。这类标题用设问句的方式，隐去要回答的内容，实际上作者的观点是十分明确的，只不过语意婉转，需要读者加以思考罢了。这种形式的标题因其观点含蓄，轻易激起读者的注重。如《家庭联产承包制就是单干吗?》、《商品经济等同于资本主义经济吗?》等。③交代内容范围。这种形式的标题，从其本身的角度看，看不出作者所指的观点，只是对文章内容的范围做出限定。拟定这种标题，一方面是文章的主要论点难以用一句简短的话加以归纳；另一方面，交代文章内容的范围，可引起同仁读者的注重，以求引起共鸣。这种形式的标题也较普遍。如《试论我国农村的双层经营体制》、《正确处理中心和地方、条条与块块的关系》、《战后西方贸易自由化剖析》等。④用判定句式。这种形式的标题给予全文内容的限定，可伸可缩，具有很大的灵活性。文章研究对象是具体的，面较小，但引申的思想又须有很强的概括性，面较宽。这种从小处着眼，大处着手的标题，有利于科学思维和科学研究的拓展。如《从乡镇企业的兴起看中国农村的希望之光》、《科技进步与农业经济》、《从“劳动创造了美”看美的本质》等。
计算机类的论文一般要做实验，验证idea的有效性，然后根据实验结果进行分析，写成论文