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苏东坡的文学背景和他的赋SU TUNG-PO’S LITERARY BACKGROUND AND HIS PROSE-POETRY by Qian Zhongshu (Primarily written as a foreword to “Su Tung-Po’s Prose-poems” translated into English With Notes and Commentaries by C D Le Gros Clark, this is published here by kind permission of M Le Gros C Those who are interested in textual criticism may consult M Wu Shih-ch’ang’s review in Chinese which appeared in The Crescent Monthly, V IV, N –E)Of the Sung dynasty, it may be said, as Hazlitt said of himself, that it is nothing if not The Chinese people dropped something of their usual wise passiveness during the Sung dynasty, and “pondered, searched, probed, vexed, and criticized” This intellectual activity, however, is not to be compared with that of the Pre-Chin period, the heyday of Chinese The men of the Sung dynasty were inquisitive rather than speculative, filled more with a sense of curiosity than with a sense of Hence, there is no sweep, no daring, no roominess or margin in their A prosaic and stuffy thing theirs is, on the This critical spirit revealed itself in many directions, particularly in the full flourish of literary criticism and the rise of the tao-hsüeh （道学）, that mélange adultere of metaphysics, psychology, ethics and Literary criticism in China is an unduly belated Apart from a handful of obiter dicta scattered here and there, Liu Hsieh’s Literary Mind （刘勰文心雕龙） and Lo Chi’s A Prose-poem on Literature （陆机文赋） are the critical writings that count up to the Sung There is Chung Yung’s Classification of Poets (钟嵘诗品) of But Chung Yung is a literary genealogist rather than a critic, and his method of simply dividing poets into sheep and goats and dispensing praise or dispraise where he thought due, is the reverse of critical, let alone his fanciful attempts to trace literary parentages(1) Ssu-Kung Tu’s Characterisations of Poetry (司空图诗品) is a different matter(2) Ssu-Kung Tu seeks to convey purely with imagery the impressions registered by a sensitive mind of twenty four different kinds of poetry: “pure, ornate, grotesque,” His is perhaps the earliest piece of “impressionistic” or “creative criticism” ever written if any language, so quietly ecstatic and so autonomous and self-sufficient, as it were, in its being but it fails on that very account to become sober and proper It is not until the Sung dynasty that criticism begins to be practiced in Numerous “causeries on poetry” （诗话）are written and principles of literature are canvassed by way of commentaries on individual Henceforth, causeries on poetry become established as the vehicle for Chinese One must note in passing that there do not appear professional critics with the rise of In those good old days of China, criticism is always the prerogative of artists The division of labour between critics and artists in the West is something that the old Chinese literati would scoff The criticism of Sung dynasty, like all Chinese criticismsbefore the “New Literature Movement” with the possible exception of Hsieh’s Literary Mind, is apt to fasten upon particulars and be given too much to the study of best words in best But it is symptomatic of the critical spirit, and there is an end of The Chinese common reader often regards the men of the Sung dynasty as Their high seriousness and intellectual and moral squeamishness are at once irritating and amusing to the ordinary easy-going Chinese There is something paralyzing and devitalizing in their wire-drawn casuistry which induces hostile critics to attribute the collapse of the Sung dynasty to its There is also a disingenuousness in their attempts at what may be called for want of a better name, philosophical masquerade: to dress up Taoism of Buddhism as orthodox C One need but look into Sketches in a Villa（阅微草堂笔记）and Causeries on Poetry in a Garden（随园诗话） to see what a good laugh these two coxcombs of letters, Chi Yuen （纪昀） and Yuan Mei （袁枚） have had at the expense of the Sung philosophers and critics Nevertheless ofe is compelled to admit that the Sung philosophers are unequalled in the study of mental Never has human nature been subject to a more rigorous scrutiny before or since in the history of Chinese For what strikes one most in the tao-hsüeh is the emphasis on self- This constant preying upon itself of the mind is quite in the spirit of the The Sung philosophers are morbidly introspective, always feeling their moral pulses and floundering in their own streams of To them, their mind verily “ a kingdom is” They analyse and pulverize human But for that moral bias which Nietzsche thinks to be also the bane of German philosophy, their vivisection of human soul would have contributed a good deal to what Santayna calls literary The poetry of the sung dynasty is also a case in It is a critical commonplace that the Sung poetry furnishes a striking contract to the T’ang Chinese poetry, hitherto ethereal and delicate, seems in the Sung dynasty to take on flesh and becomes a solid, full-blooded It is more weighted with the burden of Of course, it still looks light and slight enough by the side of Western But the lightness of the Sung poetry is that of an aeroplane describing graceful curves, and no longer that of a moth fluttering in the mellow In the Sung poetry one finds very little of that suggestiveness, that charm of a beautiful thing imperfectly beheld, which foreigners think characteristic of Chinese poetry in Instead, one meets with a great deal of naked thinking and outright It may be called “sentimental” in contradistinction to the T’ang poetry which is on the whole “naïve”, to adopt Schiller’s useful The Sung poets, however, make up for their loss in lisping naivete and lyric glow by a finesse in feeling and In their descriptive poetry, they have the knack of taking the thing to be described sur le vif: witness Lo Yu (陆游) and Yang Wan-li （杨万里） They have also a better perception of the nuances of emotion than the T’ang poets, as can be seen particularly in their Ts’u （词）, a species of song for which the Sung dynasty is justly famous(3) Small wonder that they are deliberate artists, considering the fact that they all have been critics in the off hours of their The most annoying thing about them is perhaps their erudition and allusiveness which makes the enjoyment of them to a large extent the luxury of the initiated even among the C （3000字）还有一篇在玩偶之家的身份抗争（6000字）和一篇马丁路德金的《我有一个梦》文体分析（10000字）如果需要就麻烦您告诉我您的邮箱，再给您发过去。
都说了是英文论文，当然是指英文单词啦。
Dörnyei & Ushioda 2009年曾出版过一本关于二语动机的书，里面文章都是英文的，而且字数都不算太多，是一本论文集：Motivation, Language Identity and the L2 S
学术堂整理了十五个英语专业毕业论文选题供大家参考: 试从家庭视角探析《最蓝的眼睛》中女主人公皮克拉的悲剧 英语 浅析《雾都孤儿》中的善及其对恶的影响 英语 悲观与迷茫心理------浅析海明威小说《永别了武器》 英语 探析<<远大前程>>中郝维香的悲惨命运 英语 浅析《双城记》中的人道主义思想 英语 简爱与苔丝性格及命运的对比研究 英语 试论《飘》中女性主义的悲剧色彩 英语 浅析《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》中艾米丽的悲剧 英语 《威尼斯商人》中安东尼奥的人物特点分析 英语 从《哈克贝利o费恩历险记》看马克o吐温的写作特色 英语 麦琪悲剧的成因--《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》 英语 《蝇王》的主题分析 英语 迷失的灵魂--论奥尼尔晚期剧作《长日人夜行》 英语 青少年的烦恼--对《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的心理分析 英语 勃朗特姐妹的爱情观解析 英语
你准备写跨文化交际还是翻译，还是文学，还是其他的？
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我才写完毕业论文，简直是折磨！我把我们系的题目给你，参考看看吧。我写的是文化类的。其实文学和文化类要比翻译和教育类好写得多，网上可以找到的参考资料也多。英美人文和历史研究：1，从跨文化的角度谈汉英思维及表达方式的差异2，论美国垮掉的一代3，美国牛仔的成功之路4，文艺复兴在英国文学史中的作用5，跨文化交际中英汉礼貌与面子6，中西方饮食文化的对比研究7，西方节日的变迁及文化内涵8，电影《喜福会》所表现的中西方文化差异（我就是这个题目）9，中美教育制度及教育理念的对比研究10，英汉称谓的差异及其文化内涵11，希腊神话对英美文化的影响12，英汉商标对英美文化的影响13，英语习语与西方文化14，浅谈英美姓氏的起源及文化内涵15，中美高等教育大众化路径的比较16，《阿甘正传》承载的美国青年文化17，《阿甘正传》美国传统价值观的呼唤与回归18，浅谈美国文化中的实用主义19，论美国宗教与政治20，《圣经》的文学性及其对中西文学的影响评述选题注意事项：1，选你自己感兴趣的题目，毕业论文是个浩大的工程，要是不能写自己想写的，相信我，在这漫长的写作时间里，你会相当痛苦的。2，题目不能太大，也不能太小，否则不好驾驭。最好是那种“从小角度看大问题”的题目。例如，我写喜福会这部电影，电影体现了中美文化差异，分别有婚姻观，家庭教育观等。但是我以一部电影为出发点，这个角度就比较小。话说中西方文化的差异实在太多了，但是我只从喜福会这部电影出发，所以范围就缩小了。再者，没什么人写这个电影，所以也不容易和别人雷同，不是被写滥了的题目。3，这个题目是好找资料的，毕竟是本科论文，不是研究生或是博士的论文，写作水平有限，平时最多写写几百字的作文忽然要写几千字，想必是非常困难的。所以内容不可能完完全全出自“自己”，于是就要大量的从网上，参考书上，图书馆搬来。所以最好就是找参考资料比较多的题目，切忌是参考，不是照搬，可以PARAPHRASE里面的内容到自己的论文。差不多就这些了，我觉得这几点是最重要的，如果你有几个拿不定主意的题目，可以找论文指导老师问问看，当时我开笔写论文前，都找老师问了，老师比较有经验，他应该可以给你很多建议。
我是一个高考的过来人，高考成绩129分，平时大考碰狗屎运也考过130+的分数。首先我想请阁下明白一个道理冰冻三尺非一日之寒，所以坚持很重要，英语是一门很看重积累的科目。虽然我高考已经好多年了，而且今年即将大学毕业，踏入社会。但英语一直没有丢，英语一直是我的排头兵！我对英语的自信还有，我觉得学好英语不难，重要的是你要有恒心，急躁冒进，三天打渔两天晒网都是不行的。在这里我就毛遂自荐一下我的学习方法吧：首先先你要端正心态，不要急躁，，你做你自己的事，这样才能静下心来学习。要成为英语高手就必须比别人走更多的路，做更多的事。你应该明白一个事实，英语是单词和语法的综合，所以单词和语法都要拿下。其次，对于单词，有如下几种方法，第一个，是加强记忆的频度，也就是说，早上记了几个，隔几个小时又看一次，总之一天之内，记忆的间隔不要太长，否则你辛苦积累的记忆会随着时间的延长而淡化，第二个，是可以根据自己的理解编顺口溜，比如good morning是狗摸你…（见笑了）…，第三个，最重要的是，记单词的时候，不要忘了阅读，一边记单词，一边看文章，这样可以把孤立的单词串联起来，记忆的效果会加倍，第四个。我建议你记单词要分门别类记忆，要形成一个意群，比如，重要性用magnitude magnificence，表示非常，大大地有exceedingly，tremendously，extremely……这样做在你写作时，是十分有好处的，写作时不要尽写一些低级词汇，你要写高级词汇，比如重要性写magnitude，许多写a multitude of或者handsome。再次，是语法。学习语法，首先要明白什么是主谓宾定状补，什么是系动词，什么是直接宾语，间接宾语，这些是学习语法的基础，语法是房子，主谓宾定状补等是沙石砖瓦。然后就要多做一些语法专项练习，并在此过程中不断总结，并时时回顾那些了解，那些依然不理解，需要注意的是，那些不理解的一定要花时间弄清楚，否则对自己的不负责将会导致英语语法一知半解的结局！这对于想成为英语高手的人来说，是十分不利的！（注：本人从开始时不知主谓宾，到熟练掌握语法，把语法书看了不下二十遍，书都翻烂了！莫笑本人愚笨……）此外，对于完形填空以及阅读理解，那就只能靠平时的练习了，在这个过程中，你要时时总结，纵深对比，千万不要陷入题海战术只做题，不总结的误区当中。在做题的过程中，你把各种体型都总结了一遍，积累了丰富的经验，而且你还提升了自己的阅读速度，一举两得，所以做题是很重要的！其实，完形填空无非就是单项选择加语境分析，也就是说，做完形填空你的语法要好，而且你要积累比较多的固定搭配，短语，特殊用法等，完形填空的语法还是很重要的！对于阅读，我个人感觉是，纯粹是个人经验积累多少的问题，只有保证一定的练习量，你才能用质的提高！最后，我建议你，平时读报，或者做题的时候，发现有好的句子好的词汇，你要抄下来，长期下来，你的作文会有提高的，需要说明的是，这个提高过程可能很缓慢，但是最后能收到很好的效果，以前25分的作文我都能保证在21-23这个级别，靠的就是对语法的熟练掌握和积累了许多较高级的词汇，句型，句子。我个人的理解是，在你的语法达到基本不会出错的程度上，作文便应该以词汇取胜，因为在这个层次上，大家的语法都差不多，没什么变化，唯一有变化的就是你的词汇！给你打个比方吧，很多想到“许多”就用many，但是你别忘了many a；handsome；massive，innumerable；很多人想到“专家”就写expert，但很少人会想到specialist，很多人在想到“擅长”这词，就写be good at，却不知还有更高级的表达法：be expert at或者excel in ……高手和庸才，就体现在这些细微的差别上！！
给我汉字 Funds are the lifeblood of our ability to operate normally, while the fund management has become the core content of corporate Finance and Accounting is exclusively through certain technical means and methods of accounting for funds, and specifically for corporate governance, decision-making accounting information in a As we all know, with the continuous development of the economy, financial accounting in the management, decision-making in an increasingly important Accordingly, the financial accounting of quality, a direct impact on the managers, operators, investors and the public interest, but also affect the company's economic, social image and social credibility, and therefore the process of socio-economic operations irreplaceable Enterprise Management is designed to achieve maximum benefits in the enterprise, that is a great honor to bring to the enterprise, and the various enterprises will realize the healthy and sustainable Business operations and financial condition is through the balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement and The accounting department directly through the corporate accounting, business conditions and results for effective financial analysis, not only to promote enterprise managers can quickly understand how much of the current corporate profits and the level of debt capacity, but also can be found Enterprise The size of the risks, pros and cons of corporate capital structure, so that the operators use many aspects of the enterprise to make the right decisions, with minimal risk, the most healthy financial position to achieve the maximum profit the At the same time, you can also find some essential issues, in order to improve management to provide the basis of some relevant
1000单词2页左右，大约共10页吧！
一般word都是按字节算的，一页在3000到3500字节吧，（分计和不计空格），一页一般在590到650个单词，算下来在10页左右word 2003和word2007上面都有字数统计的！打开word—工具—字数统计，以后写论文或者查文献的话看看多少字，只要复制下来拖进去，可以自己看具体多少字或多少字节！