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一、全球10大环境问题 1、气候变暖 2、臭氧层破坏 3、生物多样性减少 4、酸雨蔓延 5、森林锐减 6、土地荒漠化 7、大气污染 8、水体污染 9、海洋污染 10、固体废物污染 二、我国环境状况 1、大气污染属煤烟型污染，以尘和酸雨危害最大，污染程度在加剧。 2、酸雨主要分布在长江以南、青藏高原以东地区及四川盆地。华中地区酸雨污染最重。 3、江河湖库水域普遍受到不同程度的污染，除部分内陆河流和大型水库外，污染成加重趋势，工业发达城镇附近的水域污染尤为突出。 4、七大水系（珠江、长江、黄河、淮河、海滦河、辽河、松花江）中，黄河流域、松花江、辽河流域水污染严重。 5、大淡水湖泊总磷、总氮污染面广，富营养化严重。 6、四大海区以渤海和东海污染较重，南海较轻。 7、渔业水域生态环境恶化的状况没有根本改变，并呈加重趋势。 8、城市环境污染呈加重趋势。 9、城市地面水污染普遍严重，呈恶化趋势。绝大多数河流均受到不同程度污染。 10、全国2/3的河流和1000多万公顷农田被污染。 三、历年环境日主题 1974年：只有一个 地球 1975年：人类居住 1976年：水，生命的重要资源 1977年：关注臭氧层破坏、水土流失、土壤退化和滥伐 1978年：没有破坏的发展 1979年：为了儿童和未来——没有破坏的发展 1980年：新的10年，新的挑战——没有破坏的发展 1981年：保护地下水和人类和人类食物链；防止有毒化学品污染 1982年：纪念斯德哥尔摩人类环境会议10年，提高环境意识 1983年：管理和处理有害废弃物，防止酸雨 1996年：我们的地球、家园、居住地 1997年：为了地球上的生命 环境污染概述 由于人们对工业高度发达的负面影响预料不够,预防不利，导致了全球性的三大危机:资源短缺、环境污染、生态破坏人类不断的向环境排放污染物质。但由于大气、水、土壤等的扩散、稀释、氧化还原、生物降解等的作用。污染物质的浓度和毒性会自然降低，这种现象叫做环境自净。如果排放的物质超过了环境的自净能力，环境质量就会发生不良变化，危害人类健康和生存，这就发生了环境污染。 环境污染有各种分类： 按环境要素分：大气污染、水体污染、土壤污染。 按人类活动分：工业环境污染、城市环境污染、农业环境污染。 按造成环境污染的性质、来源分：化学污染、生物污染、物理污染（噪声污染、放射性、电磁波）固体废物污染、能源污染。 环境污染会给生态系统造成直接的破坏和影响，如沙漠化、森林破坏、也会给生态系统和人类社会造成间接的危害，有时这种间接的环境效应的危害比当时造成的直接危害更大，也更难消除。例如，温室效应、酸雨、和臭氧层破坏就是由大气污染衍生出的环境效应。这 种由环境污染衍生的环境效应具有滞后性，往往在污染发生的当时不易被察觉或预料到，然而一旦发生就表示环境污染已经发展到相当严重的地步。当然，环境污染的最直接、最容易被人所感受的后果是使人类环境的质量下降，影响人类的生活质量、身体健康和生产活动。例如城市的空气污染造成空气污浊，人们的发病率上升等等；水污染使水环境质量恶化，饮用水源的质量普遍下降，威胁人的身体健康，引起胎儿早产或畸形等等。严重的污染事件不仅带来健康问题，也造成社会问题。随着污染的加剧和人们环境意识的提高，由于污染引起 的人群纠纷和冲突逐年增加。 目前在全球范围内都不同程度地出现了环境污染问题，具有全球影响的方面有大气环境污染、海洋污染、城市环境问题等。随着经济和贸易的全球化，环境污染也日益呈现国际化趋势，近年来出现的危险废物越境转移问题就是这方面的突出表现。
保护地球，从我做起 古往今来，地球妈妈用甘甜的乳汁哺育了无数代子孙。原来的她被小辈们装饰得楚楚动人。可是，现在人类为了自身的利益，将她折磨得天昏地暗。人类只有一个地球；而地球正面临着严峻的环境危机。“救救地球”已成为世界各国人民最强烈的呼声。 我为周围环境的恶化而感到心痛，我想：作为未来接班人的青少年，如果不了解人类环境的构成和环境问题的严重性，无视有关环境保护的法律法规，不去增强环境保护意识，自觉履行保护环境的义务的话，我们的生命将毁在自己的手中，老天将对我们作出严厉的惩罚。为此我下定决心要从我做起爱护环境，保护我们这个赖以生存的家园，做一个保护环境的卫士。 在刚过去的一年中，我积极参加学校开展的植树活动，带领我们初一(6)中队的班干部创立了“绿色天使”植绿护绿小组，鼓励队员们在校园里认养了一棵小树苗，利用课余时间给它梳妆打扮，为它长成参天大树打下了基础。在学校组织的“让地球充满生机”的签字活动中，我郑重地在上面签下自己的名字，并写下了自己对环保的决心和期望，对美好未来的憧憬。我积极参加学校在世界环境日举行的有奖征稿，认真查阅、收集各类资料，进行社会调查，撰写有关环境治理设想方面的文章，我经常去参加学校组织的环保讲座，观看环保方面的录相带，积极参预环保知识问答调查活动，认真填写每一项提问。我参与了“红领巾植绿护绿队”的网站建设，在上面发布大量的环保图片和环保知识，以及关于环保的各方面的法律知识，我国在环保方面发展动向、世界各国的环境保护情况；每个月我都利用网络、报纸，查找一些最新的不同的专题和板块“环保资讯”来告诉大家；还定期制作一些宣传板来宣传环保知识和生活中的环保常识。提高了大家的环保意识；号召同学们从不同的方面来关爱自己的家园，从身边的小事做起，为周围的环境奉献自己的一份力量!我积极动员身边的人一起来依法保护和建设人类共有的同样也是仅有的家园，为促进经济和社会的可持续发展，为人类的文明做出贡献。我还和同学们共同发起“养一盆花，认养一棵树、爱惜每一片绿地，让我们周围充满绿色”和“小用塑料袋不使用泡沫饭盒和一次性筷子，让我们远离白色污染”的倡议。让我们放下方便袋，拿起菜篮子，让我们共同走向美好的绿色的明天，走向辉煌、灿烂的未来! 据我收集到的一份报告说：“环境问题是由于人类不合理地开发和利用自然源所造成的。触目惊心的环境问题主要有大气污染、水质污染、噪声污染、食品污染、不适当开发利用自然资源这五大类。”一个个铁一样的事实告诉我们，它们像恶魔般无情地吞噬着人类的生命。它威胁着生态平衡，危害着人体健康，制约着经济和社会的可持续发展，它让人类陷入了困境。为此我作出宣告：“只要我们——人类有时刻不忘保护环境的意识，有依法治理环境的意识，地球村将成为美好的乐园”。未来的天空一定是碧蓝的，水是清澈的，绿树成荫鲜花遍地，人类可以尽情享受大自然赋予我们的幸福。 “真正检验我们对环境的贡献不是言辞，而是行动。
环境影响评价的过程包括一系列的步骤，这些步骤按顺序进行。在实际工作中，环境影响评价的工作过程可以不同，而且各步骤的顺序也可变化。 一种理想的环境影响评价过程，应该能够满足以下条件： (1)基本上适应所有可能对环境造成显著影响的项目，并能够对所有可能的显著影响做出识别和评估， (2)对各种替代方案(包括项目不建设或地区不开发的情况)、管理技术、减缓措施进行比较； (3)生成清楚的环境影响报告书(EIS)，以使专家和非专家都能了解可能影响的特征及其重要性； (4)包括广泛的公众参与和严格的行政审查程序； (5)及时、清晰的结论，以便为决策提供信息。 环境影响评价分：环境质量评价、环境影响预测与评价、环境影响后评价 环境影响评价的功能:判断功能、预测功能、选择功能与导向功能编辑本段分类 按照对象分为：建设项目环境影响评价，规划环境影响评价，战略环境影响评价； 按照环境要素分为：大气环境影响评价，水环境影响评价，噪声环境影响评价，固体废物环境影响评价等； 按照时间分为：环境质量现状评价，环境影响预测评价，环境影响后评价。 中华人民共和国环境影响评价法 （2002年10月28日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三十次会议通过）跟则这个来
In the environmental effect appraisal's public participation is refers to the policy-making side or between the construction side same public's one kind of two-way exchange, establishes the public to participate in the environment management by supervision the normal This article has summarized in the environmental effect appraisal “the public participation” the concept and the characteristic, introduced in the domestic and foreign environmental effect appraisal the public participation the production and the development, and aim at current various countries through the reference massive literature material the present situation which the public participation about the environmental effect appraisal, participates in the type, the content, the implementation principle and the implementing procudure four big aspects from the public, the public participated in the fundamental mode to the environmental effect appraisal in carrying on the preliminary discussion, through carried on the analysis again to the case, proposed in the environmental effect appraisal “the public participation” the implementing procudure for the information issued, the information feedback, the information compiled (including quantitative processing), the communication as well asCarries on the project decision-making, finally aimed in the present environmental effect appraisal the public to participate in the pattern existence the question proposing the corresponding
The way in which businesses will react and behave depend on a range of Micro factors may be controllable, however, companies also need to be aware of the macro factors which they cannot control but will still impact on their The decision of how to react then has to be taken with consideration to a range of Nike, as an international brand name has a large number of stakeholders, from employees, contractors and customers as well as shareholders through to less direct stakeholders such as the families of employees and residents near their offices or contracts The decision they make will reflect the political, economic, social and technological There are many political factors that may impact on N As an international company, there is a strong association with their home This American based firm sells anything sports related from trainers and football boots to T-shirts and sweatbands (Thompson, 1997) As such this company has some very profound The brand name is recognised on a global basis and perceived as a good quality brand with superior It has also gained a reputation as a ‘designer’ label, and as such has become very attractive to many teenagers and fashion conscious young With the opening up of markets and a larger amount of pull factors we can see that Nike is making success international markets such as R With the current disagreement with the attitude of the US over the way in which Iraq should be dealt with there is the creation of some level of The impact may be that American goods in countries such as Russia and Germany become less popular as a result of the political
doi:1016/004 Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Ltd All rights Experimental evaluation of the growth rate of mould on finishes for indoor housing environments: Effects of the 2002/91/EC directive Marco D'Orazioa, , , Marco Palladinia, Lucia Aquilantib and Francesca Clementib aDepartment of Architecture Construction and Structures - DACS, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy bDepartment of Food Science, Agricultural-Engineering, Physics, Agricultural Economics and Landscape Science - SAIFET, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy Received 15 May 2008; revised 3 November 2008; accepted 5 November Available online 21 November Abstract We report the results of a study to evaluate the growth rate of three species of mould on plasters, finishes and paints typically used in structures with heavy weight building The aim was to determine the influence of the chemical composition (in terms of organic fraction of the materials) on the growth rate of The study was carried out in the following steps: – characterization of materials; – inoculation of mould spores (3 species) on 7 types of material (2 plasters, 3 finishes, 2 paints); – growth in a climatic chamber (23 °C and 90% RH); – analysis of the mould growth rate using various experimental techniques (fluorescence microscopy analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, ) Results show a clear correlation between the organic substances contained in paints, plasters and finishes and the growth rate of the This study is part of a more general research program which addresses the effects on indoor environment air quality based on the European directive 2002/91/EC This directive specifically indicates that energy consumption in buildings should be limited and sets threshold values for the thermal resistance of the building walls and As a consequence window manufacturers are improving the thermal property of windows by reducing the air permeability, which may increase the indoor and surface relative humidity percentage (RH%) and lead to the development of mould in the indoor Keywords: Mould; Plaster; Paint; Biocontamination Article Outline Introduction Steps, materials, methods Steps Materials Methods Results Preliminary characterization Growth rate of the mould Correlation between the mould growth area and the content of organic substances Conclusions References Introduction The tendency in industrialized countries to reduce energy consumption has been accelerated in the EC member states by the introduction of the 2002/91/EC directive [1] In fact, this directive fixed the minimum requirements which must be respected when building new structures and when renovating existing buildings so as to have a more effective reduction in energy consumption for the air-conditioning of indoor This strategy has, however, led to some undesired Windows manufacturers are currently producing systems with low permeability (class A4 UNI EN 12207, 2000) in order to obtain better thermal A reduction in permeability, in buildings which are already characterized by a limited amount of air exchange, can increase the indoor and surface RH% in winter [16] Consequently there may be an increased growth of mould species on some parts of the Numerous studies have been conducted in recent years to address the environmental aspects that favour the growth and the subsequent sporulation of fungi Rousseau [2] and Hud [3], indicate the following factors: oxygen availability; a suitable temperature range; a substrate of deposit that acts as nourishment; and a certain degree of humidity [4], [34] and [36] Krus et [5] have studied these conditions, together with a series of other specific factors that can influence the growth of fungi: pH value and the roughness of the substrate on which the mould grows, the light, the biotic interaction and the exposure Baughman and Arens [6] have underlined that, although moulds can grow at temperatures between 0 °C and 40 °C, a range going from 22 °C to 35 °C can be considered optimal for the species that are most frequently found inside On the contrary, the level of airborne spores in the indoor environment, which is one of the conditions able to influence the development of moulds, is dependent on seasonal changes in the external environment [7] Adan [7] has verified that there are a considerable number of buildings that offer favourable temperature conditions for the germination and the growth of mould on construction material and indoor environment Sedlbauer [8], [9], [10] and [11] has recently completed an important research and development study of models which are able to estimate mould growth inside buildings, classifying the various These different authors appear to be in agreement, however, in indicating that different kinds of fungi require minimum levels of humidity in the support surface material in order to proliferate and these values vary for different species [6], [12] and [35] Ayerst [12] has conducted experiments in order to characterize the ideal conditions and the minimum values of humidity required in the substrate for mildew These experiments indicate a range between 71% and 94%, according to the fungi Moulds (typically present on construction materials) can be separated into three groups on the basis of their water activity (aw) [13]: primer colonizer or storage moulds, capable of growing at aw < 8; secondary colonizer or phyllophane fungi, requiring a minimum aw between 8 and 9; and tertiary colonizer or water-damage moulds, needing aw > The last class includes the most toxic mould species for human Although each species has a preferential humidity for growth, the International Energy Agency [33] indicates an average RH% of 80% as the critical threshold for mould A reduction in moisture content in building materials to below 80% RH% is, therefore, the way to reduce mould Only a limited amount of information is available about the influence of the composition of the finish materials on the germination and development, in terms of percentage, of 可以的话留下你的联系e-MAIL 这种文章太多了 就随便搞了一篇的一部分让你看看·· 明天帮你找找！至于翻译的话比较困难··看情况，找到的话给你翻译个abstract吧·参考资料：
你好,我曾是环评工作者关于这方面的论文,你可以从环评报告书的大纲下手,找一个当前比较热的环评话题,比如PX化工项目(或者圆明园环评事件),从该项目所在位置的自然环境社会环境入手,重点是如何选址的问题以及公众参与这一环节,把当前社会上褒贬不一的观点用数据分析出来最重要的是要体现建设项目在环境影响评价上如何以人为本中国环评都好这一口关于这方面的环评报告书你可以到环评论坛上找到,最好多体现专业数据,相信对你有帮助最后,真诚的祝福你!
我也愁啊！明天补考环评！
这种论文主要是就某个篇章进行要点讨论或者区域影响评价经验类的！
论文我没有写过，不过我给你介绍一个网站，你去看看，一定会有收获的。环评爱好者 环评论文主要就针对环评中的某一个环节做出你独到的理解。你可以看看从水环境影响评价，大气，土壤。噪声等等。。。。 还有像环评中的一些步骤污染因子的确定，源强的计算····等等。 。。。祝你成功吧。。
毕业论文环评的参考文献可以去知网进行相关查阅。知网是目前最常用的文献查阅网站，包含目前中文最多的文献。中国知网由清华大学、清华同方发起，始建于1999年6月的网站。知网是国家知识基础设施的概念，由世界银行于1998年提出。CNKI工程是以实现全社会知识资源传播共享与增值利用为目标的信息化建设项目。