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论文符号的使用

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论文符号的使用

这里是有很规范的标点知识。Joy高斋翻译CATTI和MTI分享:希望对你有用。必备|标点符号如何翻译?(附使用规则)比如2016年11月英语三级笔译实务试题原文:Harper Lee was an ordinary woman as stunned as anybody by the extraordinary success of “To Kill a M”书名号里面的双引号。“To Kill a Mockingbird”,英文中的书名通常是斜体或加引号表示或者大写就可以,因为斜体有时候看着不整齐,译文中文需要加上书名号,书名第一次出现,需要括号加注原英文名(人名也这样处理)。还比如14年11月CATTI二级笔译英译汉真题原文:WATERLOO, Belgium --- The region around this Belgian city is busily preparing to commemorate the 200th anniversary in 2015 of one of the major battles in European military 里面的逗号和破折号。WATERLOO, Belgium比利时滑铁卢:这里考察英语地名从小到大,而且加个逗号,汉语里面是从大到小,不加逗号,比如Shanghai, China翻译为中国上海。这是CATTI英译汉高频翻译细节,可是我今天看了大家提交的译文,基本都这样写的:WATERLOO, Belgium --- The region 比利时滑铁卢——:破折号的用法和翻译,这是CATTI英译汉高频翻译细节,经常用在文章或报道的开头,引出事件发生的背景(地点)。翻译的时候保持破折号即可。:Colon(冒号)1.引出表示列举、解释或说明性的词语,翻译的时候保持:The string section consists of four instruments: violin, viola cello, and /His grades are a follows: English, an A; H a B: Science, a D: and Math, a C2.引出对前文进行补充、总结或强调的词语,翻译的时候保持:Judges have a double duty;They must protect the innocent and punish the guilty/ He has only one pleasure: 3.引出较长的正式引语或大段引语,翻译的时候是:或者,In his most famous speech he said: All men are created equal and must enjoy equally the rights that are inalienably 4.用于信件或演说词中的称呼语之后(英国用法中多用逗号),翻译的时候保持:Dear Sir: /Dear Professor Jones: /Ladies and Gentlemen:5.用于公函、政府文件或商业函件的标题或标目之后,翻译的时候保持:TO /SUBJECT: /REFERENCE: /VIA:6.用于时与分之间(英国法中多用句号)、比率数之间、《圣经》的章与节之间,翻译的时候保持:The train is to leave at 8: /Common nouns outnumber proper nouns in proportion /You will find it in Genesis 2: 4-7.分隔书名的标题与副标题,翻译的时候保持:或者破折号NOStromo: A Tale of the Seaboard, Comma(逗号)1.分隔并列成分We are tired, hungry and /Washington was said to be first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his /We were taught how to sit gracefully, how to how to converse 2.分隔并列句中的分句It snowed all night, and the schools were closed the next / We must leave now, or we will miss the / I tried to sleep, but my neighbour's dog made that /It is an imperfect system,yet it is better than 3.分隔对比或对照成分He is sick, not /The more haste, the less 4.分隔非限定性修饰语、同位语或附加说明的词语He found the Paper on the roof, where the newsboy had thrown The the who had cared through the window, went straight to the /They want us, you and me, to go /I have to get up early, particularly on S5.分隔附加疑问句或选择疑问句Tom didn't take it, did he? / Which pencil do you the red one or the blue one?6.分隔直接引语和导语Only a "Sherman said, " would carry on like 7.表示省略相同词语Some went to the right; others, to the 分隔句首状语Usually, he is dressed in blue / Except for physics, my courses are not /When he found that his parents had deserted him, he sat down to 9,常用以分隔用作独立成分、状语等的下列词语Honestly, that's all the money I /Personally, I prefer the other /Unfortunately, they were out when I /To tell you the truth, I was very frightened1) actually, basically, briefly fortunately,frankly, honestly, hopefully, incidentally,luckily, naturally, personally, unfortunately, to tell the truth2) anyhow, anyway, besides, consequent,furthermore, however, likewise, moreover, nevertheless, otherwise, therefore;3)first(ly), second(ly ), last(ly), finally,first of after all, above all, in other words, for example, for instance, that is,namely, , 4)in short, in fact, in conclusion, in a few words, as a result, as a matter of fact, on the contrary, on the other hand;5) of course, by the way, sure enough, between you and me, believe it or not;6)I think, I believe, I suppose, you know,you see, In my opinion;7)yes, no, well, ohAnyhow, even if the problem does arise, it wont affect /I don’t want to go; besides, I’m too /This is, however, another side to this This is our most disastrous and embarrassing defeat eve: in short, a /I don’t like him, in fact,I hate /On the contrary, it hardly ever It's strange, you know, that he hasn’t passed the /In my opinion, he is Yes, times have /Well, not much can be done about it /Oh, David, come here a moment! /Oh no, not again!10.分隔日期、数字、地点Firstly, let me deal with the most important /The cinema is only open to adults, ,people over June 12, 1991/It was on Friday, May 16, in Los A /The price of this sedan car is $12,/He lives at 1515 Halsted SChicago, I11.分隔人名与职称、头衔或倒置姓名I asked my boss for a month's holiday and, believe it or not, he agreed! /By the way, have you seen Tom recently?12.分隔呼语R W Leeds, M D /George Washington, President/Smith, John W, JI would like to ask you, M Jones, for your /Will you see if the door is closed, Janet? /Sir,I'd like to ask a 13.用于信件的称呼语之后(美国用法中多用冒号)或结束语之后Dear Mary, /Sincerely yours, /Yours truly,“ ”Quotation Mark(引号)1.用于直接引语注意下列句子中其他标点符号与引号的相对位置:1)逗号、句号位于引号内(这是美国用法,英国用法多置于引号外)2)不属于引语的问号、感叹号或破折号位于引号之外3)在引语内再用引语时,可用单引号(这是美国用法,在英国用法中,单引号在外,双引号在内)4)引语不止一段时,引号位于各段起始处和最后一段结尾处Michael said, "Let's meet at my house next "/"No, you cant, "she "It's January 1, 1863, Lincoln declared the slaves "forever "/The word"bread, for example, has both standard and slang Why did she say "That is a very selfish attitude"?The witness said, "I distinctly heard him say, Don’t be late, and then heard the door " /The witness said, I distinctly heard him say, Don’t be and then heard the door ’Frequently used signs and symbols are in the back of this Many are found on Symbols include the chemical The chemical elements are also grouped together in the back of this "2.用于引述文章、文艺作品、歌曲、广播及电视节目、绘画等Have you read the article"Shanghai Shows Its Colors"in the January Time? /"Ode to a Nightingale " was written by K /American national anthem is"The Star-spangled B " /YOAS Amencan Mosaic”/ Da Vinci’s“ Mona Lisa "3.用于引述俚语、反语、借用语、定义、词形等Her brother"socked her in the eye and" beaned "her with a /Bob's skiing"vacation"consisted of three weeks with his leg in a / The basic meaning of dumb in both British and American English is“ unable to speak.”/ How do you spell the word" eclectic”?;Semicolon(分号)一般说来,分号的作用介于句号与逗号之间,即用分号隔开的两部分之间的关系,比用句号分开的紧密,但不及用逗号分开的紧密。1.用于并列分句之间People make history: unusual people make history /Your car is new; mine is six years /I came, I saw I /it's too late to go for a walk now; besides, it's beginning to /We finally found the gate; however, it had been 2.分隔已有逗号的并列成分,以避免歧义Follow this procedure: first, get your application forms; next, fill them out; last, pay the The sun, a bright yellow ball, shone; the children, happy as always, 3.用于由 for example, for instance, namely,that is( to say), in fact,i.e.,e.g等词语引出的分句之前Many of their talents complemented each other; for example, he played the piano and she /Tom is well-liked: in he is the most popular person in the /He chose to invest in major industries: e, steel, automobiles, and — Dash(破折号)用在一个解释性的分句或句子前面:It's an environmental — That's not a small 这是个环境保护的问题,这不是一件小事。用在一个解释性的插入语的前面和后面(相当于一个括号):During my vacation—I must have been insane—I decided I would 假期中,我准是疯了,我决定去滑雪。用在一个引用的句子前面(代替一个冒号,或与分号一起用):Uncle Wang laughingly answered—"No, no; stay where you "大叔笑着回答道“不用了,不用了,你就呆到那。”表示意思的突然转折:"And may I ask—"said Xiao Wu;" but I guess it's better for you to ask him about "“我可以问——”小吴说;“不过我想还是你问他的好。”表示迟疑犹豫:"I—I—I rather think —maybe—Amy has taken "“我——我——我想——或许——是艾米拿了。”总括前面列举的若干东西:News house, larger schools, more sheep, more pigs and chickens, more horses and donkeys—everywhere here shows signs of 新房子,扩建的学校,更多的羊、猪、鸡,更多的马和驴,这里的一切显示出一片繁荣景象。Italicization斜体字的使用1.书籍、报刊、文章、诗歌、乐曲、电影、绘画等的名称Dickens' Oliver Twist /The English-Chinese Dictionary/Readers Digest /The New York TimesMilton's Paradise Lost/Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro/ The Sound of Music /Van Gogh’s StarryNight2.交通工具、航天器等专名Air Force One/Apollo/Challenger3.作为例示的词、字母或数字The word receive is often /The b in comb is silent4,表示强调的词语She never expected such a /woman's place was in the home; it certainly isn’t 5.表示未归化的外来词语In aeternum[L]/ fille[F]6.动物学和植物学中表示属、种、亚种及变种的拉丁语新学名The horse (Equus caballus )has affected the course of history more than any other /The mistletoe (Phoradendron flavescens )is the state flower of O7.法庭案例名称中的原被告姓名Madison Kingley/the Jones case8.剧本中的舞台提示ROBERT: Ah yes, of Sit down, sit down, please, M R [She sits as if this made matters rather ]PHILIP: (Standing guard by her )My wife is a little 取自陆谷孙英译汉大词典

论文中符号大小的分类如大一。小一。对别人下面还有123。

论文正文文中标题应按以下顺序依次使用:第一级标题:标题序号为“一、”,为 4号黑体,独占行,末尾不需要加标点符号。第二级标题:标题序号为“(一)”与正文字号相同,独占行,末尾不需要加标点符号。第三级标题:标题序号为“ ”应与正文字号、字体相同。第四级标题:标题序号为“(1)”应与正文字号、字体相同。第五级标题:标题序号为“①”应与正文字号、字体相同。撰写英文题名的注意事项:英文题名以短语为主要形式,尤以名词短语最常见,即题名基本上由一个或几个名词加上其前置和(或)后置定语构成;短语型题名要确定好中心词,再进行前后修饰。各个词的顺序很重要,词序不当,会导致表达不准。一般不要用陈述句,因为题名主要起标示作用,而陈述句容易使题名具有判断式的语义,且不够精炼和醒目。少数情况(评述性、综述性和驳斥性)下可以用疑问句做题名,因为疑问句有探讨性语气,易引起读者兴趣。

一级标题:标题序号为“一、”, 4号黑体,独占行,末尾不加标点符号。 二级标题:标题序号为“(一)”与正文字号相同,独占行,末尾不加标点符号。 三级标题:标题序号为“ ”与正文字号、字体相同。 四级标题:标题序号为“(1)”与正文字号、字体相同。 五级标题:标题序号为“ ① ”与正文字号、字体相同。

论文中符号的使用

汉字字符和规定了全角的英文字符及国标GB2312-80中的图形符号和特殊字符都是全角与半角有什么区别?各在什么情况下使用? 全角占两个字节,半角占一个

写最后一个格的外面!引号的话结束后,有两种情况:第一,引用别人的是一个完整的句子,就将标点标在引号的里面;第二,引用的只是一个词,或在引用句子后仍然有部分话语要说,则将标点标在外面。另外,一般论文当中不会掺杂个人过多的情感,所以论文中不用感叹号!

用全角的,中文标点符号都是全角的,半角使用在英文里的。

论文标点符号的使用

写最后一个格的外面!引号的话结束后,有两种情况:第一,引用别人的是一个完整的句子,就将标点标在引号的里面;第二,引用的只是一个词,或在引用句子后仍然有部分话语要说,则将标点标在外面。另外,一般论文当中不会掺杂个人过多的情感,所以论文中不用感叹号!

英文标点符号中除了破折号长度占2个英文字符外,其他均只占1个英文字符。英文标点符号中没有“《》”、“、”和“~”。英文中书名一般用斜体表示,该用顿号时用逗号,表示数字范围则用半字线“-”。英文中“~”有时用在阿拉伯数字前表示近似。文中破折号、数字范围号与连字符分别为:“—”(长度占2个英文字符)、“-”(占1个英文字符),而汉语中相应符号的长度分别比其长1倍:“——”(长度占2个汉字)、“—”(占1个汉字)和“-”(占半个汉字)。扩展资料:使用规范一、,句点1、句点用于当一句话完全结束时。2、句点也可以用于英文单词的缩写,如mrs,dr,等。但要注意的是当缩写的字母形成了一个单词的时候就不要使用句点。如ibm,dna等。二、?问号问号要用在一个直接的问句,而不是间接的。如howwillyousolvetheproblem?是正确的用法,但用在iwonderhowyouwillsolvetheproblem?就不对了,应该使用句点而不是问号。另外,在客气的用语中,也是用句点而不是问号,如三、!感叹号感叹号用于感叹和惊叹的陈述中,在商业写作中要注意感叹号的应用,因为不恰当的使用会显得突兀及不稳重。

论文符号使用规范

逗号,分号,破折号,引号。标点符号的使用规则是很重要的,尤其是在学术写作中。在两个独立的分句之间加逗号会使读者感到困惑,使你的文章读起来让人感到疲惫。另一方面,一个适当的分号可以为任何一种写作增加微妙之处。破折号(或者更具体地说,“em破折号”)可能是最通用的标点符号。然而,就像分号一样,它在大多数写作中都没有得到充分利用。它的作用类似于逗号、括号或冒号,但在每种情况下都会产生微妙的不同效果。

(一)完整的论文项目构成应包括:1、封面2、目录3、内容摘要和关键词4、文献综述5、正文6、参考文献7、注释 (根据需要)8、附录 (根据需要)9、致谢 (根据需要)其中“注释”与“附录”视具体情况安排,其余各项内容均为必备项目。论文的正文字数,一般不少于3000字,不超过8000字。(二)完整的案例报告项目构成应包括:1、封面2、内容摘要和关键词3、正文二、项目编排格式要求  1、封面:要求封面的论文标题名称使用4号宋体填写;下面的教育层次、学员姓名、日期等也统一使用4号宋体填写。 2、目录:另起一页。“目录”项目名称用小2号黑体加粗,顶部居中;内容顶格另起一行用小4号宋体,目录内容用25倍行距(同正文)。目录编写到三级标题,标题后跟实心小圆点并在行末标注页数。 3、内容摘要和关键词另起一页。中文名称的“内容摘要”用小2号黑体加粗,居中,其内容另起一行用小4号宋体(5倍行距),每段起首空两格,回行顶格;中文名称的 “关键词” 另起一行用小4号黑体加粗顶格,后接“:”,内容另起一行空两格,用小4号黑体,一般3—4个词,词间空一格。4、文献综述:另起一页。“文献综述”项目名称用小2号黑体加粗,居中;内容另起一行用小4号宋体。每段起首空两格,回行顶格。文献综述不超过1000字。(此部分不计入字数要求范围)5、正文:另起一页。 (1)论文标题用小2号黑体加粗,顶部居中排列,上下各空一行; (2)文字统一用5号宋体,每段起首空两格,回行顶格,多倍行距,设置值为25; (3)正文文中标题顶格: 一级标题:标题序号为“一、”,用小4号宋体加粗,独占行,末尾不加标点; 二级标题:标题序号为“(一)”,用5号宋体加粗,独占行,末尾不加标点; 三级标题:标题序号为“1、”,用5号宋体加粗,若独占行,则末尾不加标点,若不独占行,标题后面须加句号; 四级标题:标题序号为“(1)”,用5号宋体,其余要求与三级标题相同; 五级标题:标题序号为“①”,用5号宋体,其余要求与三级标题相同。 注意:每级标题的下一级标题应各自连续编号。 6、注释 (根据需要):正文中凡引用重要观点、数据等,应注明来源,需注释的地方可在加注之处右上角加数码,形式为“①、②……”(即插入脚注),并在该页底部脚注处对应注号续写注文。注号以页为单位排序,每个注文各占一段,用小5号宋体。 引用著作时,注文的顺序为:序号、作者、书名、出版单位、出版时间、页码,中间用逗号分隔,多个作者名间用“、”隔开;引用文章时,注文的顺序为:序号、作者、文章标题、刊物名、期数、页码,中间用逗号分隔;引用网上参考资料的还应注明具体网址,注文的顺序为:序号、作者、文章标题、网址。7、附录 (根据需要):“附录”项目名称用小4号黑体,后加“:”,在正文后面空两行顶格排列,附录内容另起一行顶格用5号宋体排列,内容编排参考正文。 8、参考文献:“参考文献”项目名称用小4号黑体加粗,后加“:”,在正文或附录后面空两行顶格排列;参考文献内容另起一行顶格用5号宋体排列,序号用“[1]”、“[2]”……的形式编排,引用著作和引用文章时的注文顺序同注释。参考文献内容统一用25倍行距。引用网上参考文献时,注文顺序同注释,并要求注明网址链接。9、致谢 (根据需要):另起一页。“致谢”项目名称用小2号黑体加粗,并居中;致谢内容另起一行空两格用5号宋体编排,回行顶格。致谢内容统一用25倍行距。 10、表格:正文或附录中的表格一般包括表头、表体和表注三部分,编排的基本要求是: (1)表头。包括表号、标题、计量单位,用小5号黑体(居中),在表体上方与表格线等宽编排。其中,表号居左,格式为“表l”,全文表格连续编号;标题居中,格式为“XX表”;计量单位居右,参考格式如为“计量单位:元”。 (2)表体。表体的四周端线使用粗实线(5磅),其余表线用细实线 (5磅)。表中数码文字一律使用小5号宋体字。表格中的文字要注意上下居中对齐,数码位数也应对齐。(3)表注。表注项文字写在表体下方,不必空行,用小5号宋体,按“(1)、(2)……”排列,表注的宽度不可大于表体的宽度。 11、插图:插图包括图片(稿)、图序和图名,文章中的插图应遵循“图随文走”和“先见文后见图”的原则,图片(稿)画面应清晰、美观,幅面大小适当,应根据内容要求和版面允许放缩至需要大小和放置于适当位置。图序及图名置于图的下方居中,使用小5号黑体,其中,图序居左,图名居右,如:“图2 上海大众销量和国内市场份额演变”。全文插图按出现的先后顺序统一编序,如“图1、图2……”,图名以不超过15个汉字为宜。12、数字:文章中的数字,除了部分结构层次序数词、词组、惯用词、缩略语、具有修辞色彩语句中作为词素的数字、模糊数字必须使用汉字外,其他均应使用阿拉伯数字。同一文中,数字的表示方式应前后一致。 13、标点符号:文章中的标点符号应正确使用,忌误用、混用标点符号,标点符号应加以区分。 14、计量单位:除特殊需要,论文中的计量单位应使用法定计量单位。 15、页码:从正文开始编写页码、封面及目录不编页码,内容摘要、文献综述页码用“Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ……”编写。编写页码用插入页脚的方式,选择小五号Times New Roman字体,并居中。

论文标点符号使用

用全角的,中文标点符号都是全角的,半角使用在英文里的。

写最后一个格的外面!引号的话结束后,有两种情况:第一,引用别人的是一个完整的句子,就将标点标在引号的里面;第二,引用的只是一个词,或在引用句子后仍然有部分话语要说,则将标点标在外面。另外,一般论文当中不会掺杂个人过多的情感,所以论文中不用感叹号!

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