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That the village shifts a meeting is China grass-roots unit is also the most important rural area Kultur most , have the important effect to promoting village economic growth , strengthening democracy and encouraging democratic participation. But the village committee meeting in Chinese many village exists in name only , whose legitimacy accepts people's questioning , cause a village to shift the former a lot of important meeting function also having no way to bring into play, the village is assuming an exhibition "atomization" that trend. That the actual authority thinking that the village shifts a meeting since "tort" of the countryside government can be used, stems from the main body of a book is that the country authorizes , the village shifts the political power at the grassroots level that the house represents and local society benefit parts for, lead to village meeting society of committee thereby support the insufficiency that the basis joins and the legitimacy reduction.文章有些长、、望认真看完、、标准人工翻译、、希望可以帮助你、、
The village committee is the most grass-roots level in rural areas and most important social organizations, to promote the economic development of the village, play an important role in democratic politics. However, many villages in China, the village committee is ineffective, its legitimacy questioned, with the result that the village committee of the many important functions of the original can not play, the village was being shown "atomization" of the trend. This article holds that the township government as a result of "infringement" of the actual power to make the source of the village committee is authorized by the State, represented by the village committee and local grass-roots political power interests of the community separation, leading to the village committee and community to support the foundation and the lack of legitimacy weakening.
The village committee is the most grass-roots and also the most important organizations of the rural society in promote the economic development of the village,play an important role in democratic , many villages in China, the village committee is ineffective, its legitimacy questioned, with the result that the village committee of the many important functions of the original can not play, the village was being shown "atomization" of the trend. This article holds that the township government as a result of "infringement" of the actual power to make the source of the village committee is authorized by the State, represented by the village committee and local grass-roots political power interests of the community separation, leading to the village committee and community to support the foundation and the lack of legitimacy weakening.呵呵,我中文不太好,有些字不懂所以有用软件翻译过的,请多多谅解
Master's Thesis
不同学校要求不一样，有学校在大四上学期就开始了，有的要在4，5月份
本科论文的写作时间因人而异，主要受以下因素的影响：1. 选题和研究范围：选题越复杂、研究范围越广，需要耗费的时间就越多。2. 研究方法和数据收集：不同的研究方法和数据收集方式需要不同的时间和精力。例如，一些定量研究可能需要更多的时间来设计问卷、收集样本和分析数据等。3. 文献查阅和综述：对相关文献进行充分的查阅和综述是论文写作的重要步骤之一，这需要花费较长的时间和精力。4. 写作能力和经验：写作能力和经验的不同会导致写作速度和质量的差异。综合考虑以上因素，一般来说，本科论文的写作时间在一个月到半年之间比较常见。当然，在写作期间，需要合理安排时间、制定计划、分配任务、保持积极心态等，以保证论文的质量和完成时间。同时，还需要注重论文的规范性和学术水平，遵循学术道德和规范，确保论文的可信度和价值。
毕业论文一般都是大学毕业或研究生博士生毕业之前要写的，根据你的毕设题目来确定你写的题目，时间长短也是根据你对其的理解，大概快的话要一周
大四上半学期，期末十一月份就开始开题，然后放寒假的时候可以开始写，不然下半年面临毕业琐碎的事情很多，最好在寒假时候能写好，开学的时候再慢慢修改。封面：使用学校统一格式，题目居中，学号等内容靠左侧对齐，后面的下画线要整齐。。题目要对论文(设计)的内容有高度的概括性，简明、易读，字数应在20以内。论文题目 :黑体三号，居中。下面空一行。中文摘要：“摘要：“顶头，黑体四号，后面内容采用宋体小四号，摘要应简要说明毕业论文(设计)所研究的内容、目的、实验方法、主要成果和特色，一般为150-300字。下面空一行中文关键词：“关键词：“顶头，黑体四号，后面内容采用宋体小四号，关键词一般3-5个，以”，“号隔开，最后一个关键词尾不加标点符号，下面空两行。英文论文题目：所有英文采用“Times New roman”字体，黑体三号，加粗，居中。下面空一行。英文摘要和关键词：英文摘要和关键词除字体外同中文摘要和关键词的格式要求，但：“Abstract:”和“Key words：”要加粗。内容翻译要准确，英文摘要的词汇和语法必须准确。注意：如果内容教多，可以将英文题目、摘要、关键词放到下页。目录:“目录”两字为黑体3号，居中，下面空一行。第一层次标题“一、”顶头，黑体、小四号，第二层次缩进一字，宋体，小四号，第三层次再缩进一字，宋体，小四号……，页码加小括号，页码前为连续的点，垂直居中。如果采用“1”、“1、1”、“1、1、1”的形式，则每层缩进半字。正文:正文采用宋体，小四号，每段开头空两字，要符合一般学术论文的写作规范，文理科毕业论文字数一般不少于6000字，工科、艺术类专业毕业设计字数视专业情况而定。论文应文字流畅，语言准确，层次清晰，论点清楚，论据准确，论证完整、严密，有独立的观点和见解，应具备学术性、科学性和一定的创新性。参考文献:参考文献按在正文中出现的先后次序列表于文后;
1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文：（1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容：a.提出-论点；b.分析问题-论据和论证；c.解决问题-论证与步骤；d.结论。6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是：（1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。（2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
觉得还是文学比较好找资料，最好先定下几个备选题目，在网上搜搜看哪个作品或作者的材料比较多，但如果太多赏析的话也不好，再写的话就觉得很难找到新的研究方向了。
文学的比较好写，就是到处随便扯一扯就行了。但我还是觉得翻译方面的东西最实用，最有实际意义。
论文陈述可以很好地组织和发展论点，并为读者提供关于论点的“指南”。
论文陈述包含以下内容：
1、陈述你对这个主题的主要观点
陈述观点时一定要表达一个主要思想，并陈述你的立场或看法。关于主题，需思考：
2、给出几个支持主要观点的理由
理由要写清楚，一定要用符合逻辑的事实和证据来支持这个理由。
3、给出一个与主要观点相反的观点
一个好的论文陈述要承认论点存在另一面。所以，同学可以在论文陈述中给出一个反论点。
论文陈述写作示例：
1、首先，从一个问题开始。例如：互联网对教育有正面或负面的影响吗?
2、其次，表明你对这个问题的立场。例如：互联网对教育的正面影响大于负面影响。
3、最后，发展你的答案。例如：互联网使用的负面影响被其对教育的诸多好处所抵消：互联网有助于学生和老师更容易地获取信息、接触不同的观点，以及这是一个灵活的学习环境。
商务英语七日七语 . I will send you some brochures?if you are interested. 假如您有爱好的话，我可以寄给您一些介绍产品的小册子。 2. Can you suggest an alternative? 能否告知您其他方便时间？ 3. As an alternative?I wish to propose May 3rd. 另一个方便时间是5月3日。 4. If you are interested?we may consider selecting you as our partner. 假如贵公司感爱好，我们可以考虑选择你们作为我们的合作伙伴。 5. I see. But aren’t these prices for your domestic customers? 我明白了。但是这些价格是提供给国内顾客的吗？ take note of your comment. Prices depend also on volume. How much quantity do you forecast to sell in the first year? 好的，我们会注重这一点。价格也会因数量而有所不同，贵公司预计在第一年销售多少数量呢？ us develop together a marketing plan with yearly forecasts of volume with pricing. 那么，让我们依年度数量猜测来共同拟订一个市场销售计划。常用商务英语口语求职英语 I've come to make sure that your stay in Beijing is a pleasant one. 我特地为你们安排使你们在北京的逗留愉快。2 You're going out of your way for us, I believe. 我相信这是对我们的非凡照顾了。3 It's just the matter of the schedule,that is,if it is convenient for you right now. 假如你们感到方便的话，我想现在讨论一下日程安排的问题。4 I think we can draw up a tentative plan now. 我认为现在可以先草拟一具临时方案。5 If he wants to make any changes,minor alternations can be made then. 假如他有什么意见的话，我们还可以对计划稍加修改。6 Is there any way of ensuring we'll have enough time for our talks? 我们是否能保证有充足的时间来谈判？7 So our evenings will be quite full then? 那么我们的活动在晚上也安排满了吗？8 We'll leave some evenings free,that is,if it is all right with you. 假如你们愿意的话，我们想留几个晚上供你们自由支配。9 We'd have to compare notes on what we've discussed during the day. 我们想用点时间来研究讨论一下白天谈判的情况。10 That'll put us both in the picture. 这样双方都能了解全面的情况。11 Then we'd have some ideas of what you'll be needing那么我们就会心中有点儿数，知道你们需要什么了。12 I can't say for certain off-hand. 我还不能马上说定。13 Better have something we can get our hands on rather than just spend all our time talking. 有些实际材料拿到手总比坐着闲聊强。14 It'll be easier for us to get down to facts then. 这样就轻易进行实质性的谈判了。15 But wouldn't you like to spend an extra day or two here? 你们不愿意在北京多待一天吗？16 I'm afraid that won't be possible,much as we'd like to. 尽管我们很想这样做，但恐怕不行了。17 We've got to report back to the head office. 我们还要回去向总部汇报情况呢。18 Thank you for you cooperation. 谢谢你们的合作。19 We've arranged our schedule without any trouble. 我们已经很顺利地把活动日程安排好了。20 Here is a copy of itinerary we have worked out for you and your you please have a look at it? 这是我们为你和你的朋友拟定的活动日程安排。请过目一下，好吗？21 If you have any questions on the details， feel free to ask. 假如对某些细节有意见的话，请提出来。22 I can see you have put a lot of time into it. 我相信你在制定这个计划上一定花了不少精力吧。23 We really wish you'll have a pleasant stay here. 我们真诚地希望你们在这里过得愉快。24 I wonder if it is possible to arrange shopping for us. 我想能否在我们访问结束时为我们安排一点时间购物。25 Welcome to our factory. 欢迎到我们工厂来。26 I've been looking forward to visiting your factory. 我一直都盼望着参观贵厂。27 You'll know our products better after this visit. 参观后您会对我们的产品有更深的了解。28 Maybe we could start with the Designing Department. 也许我们可以先参观一下设计部门。29 Then we could look at the production line. 然后我们再去看看生产线。30 These drawings on the wall are process sheets. 墙上的图表是工艺流程表。31 They describe how each process goes on to the next. 表述着每道工艺间的衔接情况。32 We are running on two shifts. 我们实行的工作是两班倒。33 Almost every process is computerized. 几乎每一道工艺都是由电脑控制的。34 The efficiency is greatly raised,and the intensity of labor is decreased. 工作效率大大地提高了，而劳动强度却降低了。35 All p“常用商务英语口语”版权归作者所有；转载请注明出处! roduets have to go through five checks in the whole process. 所有产品在整个生产过程中得通过五道质量检查关。36 We believe that the quality is the soul of an enterprise. 我们认为质量是一个企业的灵魂。37 Therefore,we always put quality as the first consideration. 因而，我们总是把质量放在第一位来考虑。38 Quality is even more important than quantity. 质量比数量更为重要。39 I hope my visit does not cause you too much trouble. 我希望这次来参观没有给你们增添太多的麻烦。40 Do we have to wear the helmets? 我们得戴上防护帽吗？41 Is the production line fully automatic? 生产线是全自动的吗？42 What kind of quality control do you have? 你们用什么办法来控制质量呢？43 All products have to pass strict inspection before they go out. 所有产品出厂前必须要经过严格检查。44 What's your general impression,may I ask? 不知您对我们厂总的印象如何？45 I'm impressed by your approach to business. 你们经营业务的方法给我留下了很深的印象。46 The product gives you an edge over your competitors,I guess. 我认为你们的产品可以使你们胜过竞争对手。47 No one can match us so far as quality is concerned. 就质量而言，没有任何厂家能和我们相比。48 I think we may be able to work together in the future. 我想也许将来我们可以合作。49 We are thinking of expanding into the Chinese market. 我们想把生意扩大到中国市场。50 The purpose of my coming here is to inquire about possibilities of establishing trade relations with your company. 我此行的目的正是想探询与贵公司建立贸易关系的可能性。51 We would be glad to start business with you. 我们很兴奋能与贵公司建立贸易往来。52 I'd appreciate your kind consideration in the coming negotiation. 洽谈中请你们多加关照。53 We are happy to be of help. 我们十分乐意帮助。54 I can assure you of our close cooperation. 我保证通力合作。55 Would it be possible for me to have a closer look at your samples? 可以让我参观一下你们的产品陈列室吗？56 It will take me several hours if I really look at everything. 假如全部参观的话，那得需要好几个小时。57 You may be interested in only some of the items. 你也许对某些产品感爱好。58 I can just have a glance at the rest. 剩下的部分我粗略地看一下就可以了。59 They've met with great favor home and abroad. 这些产品在国内外很受欢迎。60 All these articles are best selling lines. 所有这些产品都是我们的畅销货。61 Your desire coincides with ours. 我们双方的愿望都是一致的。62 No wonder you're so experienced. 怪不得你这么有经验。63 Textile business has become more and more difficult since the competition grew. 随着竞争的加剧，纺织品贸易越来越难做了。64 Could I have your latest catalogues or something that tells me about your company? 可以给我一些贵公司最近的商品价格目录表或者一些有关说明资料吗？65 At what time can we work out a deal? 我们什么时候洽谈生意？66 I hope to conclude some business with you. 我希望能与贵公司建立贸易关系。67 We also hope to expand our business with you. 我们也希望与贵公司扩大贸易往来。68 This is our common desire. 这是我们的共同愿望。69 I think you probably know China has adopted a flexible policy in her foreign trade. 我想你也许已经了解到中国在对外贸易中采取了灵活的政策。70 I've read about i“常用商务英语口语”版权归作者所有；转载请注明出处! 商务英语―感谢信范文求职英语 商务英语常见误译例析求职英语
因为我也很忙，以上简单处理了一下。你如果还能看懂英语的话，把上面所译的语法，词等再修改两遍，一般没问题了。China is a special probation in the penal system, but also an important human rights system, which embodies China's Criminal Law of combining punishment with leniency, punishment and the principle of combining education; for the education and rehabilitation of criminals and maintain social stability, protection of human rights have a positive significance to the implementation of China's criminal law plays an important role. Master and correct use of probation, and constantly improve the probation system will become China's judicial practice in a major topic. Were suspended sentence and probation is to implement the substantive stage, but also suspended for the realization of the value of the process, not only to enforce probation, the probation should pay attention to the implementation of the study and exploration. China's criminal law reference probation system in the world, with the legislation in light of China's actual conditions, ease the implementation of the system used, the world is now more prevalent in the legislature suspended the narrow suspended for a stay of execution of that penalty system. China's Criminal Law in the implementation of the relief system is accompanied by certain conditions of the stay of execution of sentence or not to implement the original ruling of a penalty system means that the people's court is sentenced to detention, three years of imprisonment criminals, not the implementation that the original verdict penalties, indeed no longer a danger to society, to a certain test period, a stay of execution of the original verdict penalty system. China's probation system is the building of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the criminal justice system an important component part. Clearly the meaning of our probation system, so it is the correct application of our probation system an important foundation. With the gradual improvement of system of probation, suspended applicable conditions will be more scientific and rational, will be suspended for more robust implementation of norms, our cause will be suspended for the development of a more fully suspended for the value of the Penal Code would also be a greater realization. I believe that there will be more offenders are given the opportunity of probation, a fresh start in life opportunities. Suspended as a penalty for the implementation of the system in the world penalty has an important place in history. In theory, the system has the following advantages: short-term elimination of the drawbacks of free punishment, in line with the principle of economic penalties, but also more in line with the humanitarian spirit. As a result, the probation system in China is relatively important, but because the established late, and in other countries, lack of absorption of advanced achievements, constraints of the probation system perfected and developed. Modern criminal probation system is an important content of the policy is commonly adopted in the various countries in the world an execution system. It is criminal to avoid the drawbacks of short-term to help the offender to the community and save the country's economic expenditures such as a number of advantages, in the general and special precautions to prevent both played an important role. Execution as a humanitarian manner, suspended the execution of economic and social lightest punishment and the principle has saved a large number of perpetrators. Due to the impact of the traditional heavy sentences, China's probation system remaining in the legislative and judicial shortcomings, these deficiencies greatly diminishes the value of probation. Therefore, China's probation system needs improvement.
\(^o^)/~好 翻译："I believe that through learning experiences in France, I will make a broader field of vision, ideas are more active, more advanced concepts, and this will complete my graduate thesis very useful." "Master Chinese, English, French in three languages, as well as study abroad experience in France, which will become my career in a strong competitive advantage." 保\(^o^)/YES！希望可以拿到你的小红旗(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……
Haiti Earthquake of 2010 March 19, 2010 A delegation of experts on human rights in Haiti prepares to testify before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on March 23rd. The delegation will urge the Commission to formally investigate the human rights impact of post-earthquake aid in Haiti and guide donor States regarding their obligations when delivering assistance. — Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti March 19, 2010 In anticipation of the March 31 Donors' Conference on Haiti, over 300 NGOs from around the world sent a letter to donor states calling on them to embrace the human rights and dignity of all Haitians as the driving force behind international assistance in rebuilding Haiti. — Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti March 16, 2010 January’s earthquake has prompted hundreds of thousands of Haitians to leave Port-au-Prince, reversing a decades-long migration from the countryside. — NYT March 15, 2010 New Orleans Law School professor Jeanne M. Woods draws on the experience of Hurricane Katrina to advocate for a "human rights approach" to aid for Haiti, which would provide Haitians with control over their own destiny and long-term support for their basic needs. — Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti March 15, 2010 Successful and sustainable development projects require including the Haitian people themselves in the planning and execution. But as Loune Viaud of Partners in Health and Monika Kalra Varma of the RFK Center for Human Rights observe, "Those who have the greatest stake in rebuilding Haiti, Haitians themselves, don’t now and never have had a real seat at the table." — Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti March 12, 2010 Elderly Haitians find themselves distinctly vulnerable and emotionally burdened after January's earthquake. — NYT March 9, 2010 In the aftermath of the earthquake, Haiti faces the added challenge of the growing number of amputees and other disabled victims of the catastrophe. There is a pressing need for prostheses and a rehabilitation infrastructure before it's too late. — Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti Table of Contents Overview Relief Efforts Haitian Government Response Earthquakes in the Caribbean Social Conditions in Haiti Americans Accused of Child Trafficking How to Help Complete Coverage Overview Updated: Feb. 19, 2010 By THE NEW YORK TIMES A massive earthquake struck Haiti just before 5 . on Jan. 12, about 10 miles southwest of Port-au-Prince, the country's capital. The quake was the worst in the region in more than 200 years. A study by the Inter-American Development Bank estimates that the cost could be between $ billion to $ billion, based on a death toll from 200,000 to 250,000.
论文（Paper）或：dissertation（论文）或：thesis（论文）经常说的：）~Englishdissertation(英语论文)Graduationthesis(毕业论文)
毕业设计Diploma project毕业论文Dissertation实习报告Internship report
毕业设计graduation project毕业论文thesis(用于学士或者硕士,博士论文是dissertation)实习报告OJT report (internship多用于见习特别是医疗方面,也就是由雇主安排的,而非学校安排的)
Commencement Design, Thesis Prepared for Commencement and Intership Report