首页

> 学术期刊知识库

首页 学术期刊知识库 问题

英语毕业论文老人与海

发布时间:

英语毕业论文老人与海

一艘船越过世界的尽头,驶向未知的大海,船头上悬挂着一面虽然饱经风雨剥蚀却依旧艳丽无比的旗帜,旗帜上,舞动着云龙一般的四个字闪闪发光——超越极限!”作者海明威是这样评价他的作品《老人与海》的. 作品是没有局限的,作家却有局限的,作家的精神是没有局限的,作家的人却是有局限的,海明威留下思考的同时,他也留下了耐人寻味的话:我试图塑造一位真正的老人、一个真正的孩子、一片真正的海、一条真正的鱼和真正的鲨鱼。如果我能将他们塑造得十分出色和真实,他们将意味许多东西。正是所谓“文贵形似,窥情风景之上,钻貌草木之中。吟咏所发,志唯深远,体物为妙,功在密附。顾巧言切状,如印之印泥,不假雕削,而曲写毫芥。故能瞻言而见貌,即字而知时也。”“庄老告退,而山水方滋。情必极貌以写物,辞必穷力而追新,此近世之所竞也。”仿佛绘画,写实。这是最简单的,也是天生就会的,然而我最近才突然回想起来。我忘记的太久了。人总是熟视无睹。 读过的古今中外作品中,老是在想的就是这海明威的《老人与海》。即便是有一天,我把它的情节忘了,内容也忘了,形式也忘了,甚至把海明威也忘了;但我忘不了那老人与海,忘不了那一种抗争的场景,忘不了那绝不屈服的人的尊严和勇气。因为我时刻感觉到,生活就是那海,我要做的就是那老人,应该用海明威所赋予的那一种精神去生活。 桑提亚哥(Santiago)是个可怜的老头——看上去似乎是的。海明威(Hemingway)以自己精炼的语言塑造了这个形象,可以说,海明威并没有给予老人成功,却赋予老人在压力下优雅而坚韧的形象。 老渔夫在海上一无所获地漂流了84天后钓到了一条巨大无比的马林鱼(marlin),这是一条比他的渔船还长2英尺的鱼,是在拖着渔船整整两天两夜之后才被刺死的。老人的命运似乎并不成功,他又遭遇了鲨鱼,经过殊死的搏斗,马林鱼只剩下一副骨架。 骨骼是精神的支柱,海明威看似没有让老人桑提亚哥成功,却以光秃秃的骨骼奏出了老人生命的硬度。人很容易随遇而安的,深陷在沙发里的身子,是舍不得挪一挪的,沙发越软,陷得越深,越是懒得动。可生活如海啊,是不容让人懈怠的,平静的水面下暗藏的是急流,平静过去,又将是风景,而人往往也是在风浪的颠簸中才意识到危险感到恐惧,才想起自己的疏忽,才本能地需要抗拒。可是,想要征服海的人啊,你需要时刻警惕时刻谨慎,不要在危难的时候才显示出你是个好汉,要时刻撑好船,看好方向。 生活就是海,你就要做那位老人。 永不言败, 这就是《老人与海》告诉我们的。 一个人把生命都压了上去,与敌人做殊死的博斗,能不算英勇吗?我想鲨鱼正是宇宙间一切破坏性力量的化身,而老人正是正义的使者。 在人的一生中随时随地都存在这股破坏力量,人生是不停地循环着的,喜剧的落幕,不就是悲剧的上演;悲剧的落幕,也就意味着喜剧的再度登场。 人性是强悍的,人类本身有自己的限度,但正是因为有了老渔夫这样的人一次又一次地向限度挑战,超越它们,这个限度才一次次扩大,一次次把更大的挑战摆在了人类面前。在这个意义上,老渔夫桑地亚哥这样的英雄,不管他们挑战限度是成功还是失败,都是值得我们永远敬重的。 因为,他带给我们的是人类最为高贵的自信! 回想起文中老人的话“人不是为失败而生的,一个人可以被毁灭,但不能给打败”不正道出了本文的主题吗?人真的是很奇怪的动物,为何有勇气面对死亡,却没有勇气面对失败呢?难道失败真的如此可怕吗?冷冷的海风里夹杂着一股血腥,也许人真正害怕的可能是这些吧! 自信,这就是《老人与海》告诉我们的。 人活着,唯一能确定的必然,就是走向死亡。除此之外,没有任何必然的东西可以依靠。既然人是靠偶然活着的,那么 支撑人生存勇气的,就只有自信了。如果丧失了自信,在持续那么多天的背运之后,桑提亚哥还有勇气和毅力出海捕鱼吗?因此人活着就必须自信,不自信是人消费不起的奢侈品。正因为桑提亚哥有着绝对自信,他对小孩被叫走,表示了完全的宽容和理解。在这里,海明威展现了自信与宽容之间的联系。 人生本来就是一种无止境的追求。它的道路漫长、艰难,而且充满坎坷,但只要自己勇敢顽强地以一颗自信的心去迎接挑战,他将永远是一个真正的胜利者! “我和你奉陪到死”——这个硬汉面对挑战如是说。暗喻他自身的英雄主义所在,还有他趋向坚韧的力量。故事的头尾,都出现了名叫明诺林(Manolin)的男孩——他希望继承老人的事业。何止捕鱼的事业要被传承,这副铮铮铁骨又何尝不为我们所崇敬、所供奉、所学习呢。在老人的故事里为什么有这个孩子的出现?年轻,象征着力量和希望,即便是老人,他的内心同样是年轻的。文中多次描写到狮子,阿非利加海滩上,狮子在笑闹嬉戏,它们浮现在老人的梦中,一直在老人的心中,同样揭示了老人永远不会老的意志。 海明威的这部小说荣获了诺贝尔文学奖和普利策奖。这个骨头里留有几百块弹片的硬汉作家,恰当地写出了生命的强度,告诉我们怎么去面对生、老、病、死,告诉我们心该有多宽,如海一般。老人是孤独的,他是在理想的道路上前行的旅人,但他又是不孤独的,因为他的意志是那样的坚强。 不妨将鲨鱼看作打击,吃掉你的成功和幸福。但正如那孩子说的:“它没有打败你,它没有,一个真正的强者,只能被摧毁而不能被击败。

《老人与海》桑地亚哥性格分析 : 桑地亚哥,这个孤独的、失败的,但又有着胜利者冲动和坚强意志的老人进入了大海。毫无疑问,这将是两个世界的相遇与搏斗。一个孤独、破败,而又有着自己独特的性格与精神世界的苍老的生命,在与地球上最为狂暴的自然展开着惊心动魄的较量。日月星辰和浩瀚无边的大海,构成了这场较量壮阔辉煌的空间背景。桑地亚哥热爱着大海。因此,他总将大海视为女人。在他的心目中,“海洋是仁慈并十分美丽的”,但在另一方面,他又深知大海的“残暴”。所以我以为,他将大海视为女人,还有着另外的更深层次的原因,那就是他对大海男性一般的征服欲望。他与大海、与大马林鱼以及鲨鱼的殊死搏斗,正是这种征服的具体体现。 海上的桑地亚哥又一次突显出他的孤独、失败但又决不服输的性格与命运。仿佛他的一生,都在这次捕猎中得到了最为集中的体现。他在大海中自言自语,体验着深切的无助与孤独。他在与大鱼的搏斗中鲜血崩流、伤痕累累,还要与自己的饥饿、困乏,以及受伤与抽筋的肢体进行着自我搏斗。但正如他所说的:“一个人并不是生来就要给打败的。你尽可以毁灭他,可就是打不败他”,做一个渔夫,正是他“生来该干的行当”。他将一切都理解为自己必然承担的宿命。因此他靠自己的意志,最终杀死了大鱼,取得了胜利。 但他还是失败了。他在最后,只剩下了大鱼的残骸。而在精神的层面上,他却仍是胜利者。他和那条大马林鱼一样,即使遭到彻底的“毁灭”,只剩下尸骨,可仍然没有被“打败”。就是这样,海明威把现实人生的失败与苦厄转换与升华成精神的凯旋,并且给予了圣徒般的赞美。 桑地亚哥确实像圣徒。他在窝棚中悬挂的耶稣圣心图和科夫莱圣母图。他在搏斗中的祈祷。他和耶稣的门徒圣彼得所共有的渔夫身份。特别是他自始至终忍受痛楚的坚韧,他在上岸以后扛着桅杆的屡仆屡起,以及他在作品的最后“拉起毯子,盖住两肩,然后裹住了背部和双腿,两臂伸得笔直,手掌向上”这样的耶稣受难般的庄严形象,都显示出作家所刻意塑造的圣者气质。所以有学者指出“圣人般的桑地亚哥”的“头上几乎围绕着圣洁的光圈”,作品也因此具有了“宗教的或神秘的涵义”,〔3〕“是一首宗教诗”。〔4〕 可是毕竟,桑地亚哥并不是圣徒。他甚至“并不笃信宗教”。他的鲜明强烈的圣徒气质也许只是暗合,只是作家所刻意赋予的。〔5〕在他的世界中,有着那么多凡俗而又美好的事物。或者说,桑地亚哥的世界虽然孤独,但却并不自闭。他与人们,与他周围小小的渔村世界,甚至与广阔辽远的现代世界,均都息息相关。他与渔民、与那个名叫马诺林的孩子和睦相处并且深受他的爱戴。他在海上念念不忘的就是孩子。而他对报纸和收音机这样的现代事物,同样充满了喜爱与好奇。这是因为通过它们,他能够关注棒球比赛的信息。对桑地亚哥而言,关注孩子意味着关注未来,而关注棒球比赛,不仅寄托和呼应着他打败对手、渴望胜利的内在冲动,而且还喻示着他与更加广阔和更加现代的外部世界的精神联系。 就是这样,海明威不仅刻画了桑地亚哥的精神与性格世界,还很充分地展现了这样的世界与大自然的世界(海洋、海鸟、大马林鱼、鲨鱼,以及日月星辰)、作为小型社会的渔村世界(渔民、孩子)、更加广阔的现代世界(棒球比赛)和充满希望的未来世界(孩子),以及超越凡俗的神圣世界(他的祈祷和他的受难般的圣者形象)的精神联系,而这样的联系,无疑又进一步丰富和深化了他的精神与性格世界。桑地亚哥的世界,原来是这样的广阔、辉煌、博大与深邃!我想,这正是《老人与海》这部篇幅不长、情节简单的小说具有永远的艺术魅力的基本原因。 当然,《老人与海》的叙事艺术无疑是相当杰出的。一方面,它是海明威“冰山理论”的又一次极为成功的体现。他在谈到《老人与海》的创作时曾经说过:“《老人与海》本来可以写成一千多页那么长”,但他“总是根据冰山的原理去写它。关于显现出来的每一部分,八分之七是在水面的。你可以略去你所知道的任何东西,这只会使你的冰山深厚起来。这是并不显现出来的部分”。〔6〕在它简单的故事情节背后,深藏着我们前面所阐述的那样丰富而又博大的世界;另一方面,它像诗篇,像是一曲交织着沉郁、苦难、昂扬与庄严,甚至也不无明丽与柔情的气魄宏伟的交响曲。它从桑地亚哥的孤独与失败开始写起,依次书写他在出海之前与小男孩的交往、他的扬帆出海、他与大马林鱼及鲨鱼的搏斗、他的失败的返航,最后复归于他庄严的梦境。叙事从容不迫,有着“瀑布般倾泻的豪华、庄严的抒情段落,而节奏正表现在它的抑扬顿挫里”。〔7〕它的语言丰富多彩,不仅雅致冷峻、简洁有力,而且色彩鲜明,具有庄严伟岸的艺术风格。 (翻译) The old man and the sea "SangDeYa brother character analysis:SangDeYa elder brother, this lonely, failure, but also a strong will and the winner of the old impulses into the sea. Without doubt, this will be the world met with two fight. A lonely and dilapidated, and have their own unique character and spirit of the old world, in the life on earth and the most violent natural unfolding a thrilling fight. Stars and the vast expanse of the sea, constitute a game of space magnificent brilliant background. SangDeYa brother love the sea. Therefore, he will always sea as a woman. In his mind, "ocean's kindness and very beautiful, but on the other hand, he knew the sea" brutal ". So I thought, he will be the woman, there are also regarded as the deeper reason, it is usually to the sea of his desire to conquer men. He and the sea, and the big marlin and shark's bloody battle, this is the concrete embodiment of sea SangDeYa Jericho underlines once again he alone, but never failed to defeat the character and destiny. Like all his life, in the most concentrated in hunting. He in the ocean soliloquize, experiencing the deepest helpless and loneliness. In his battle with the blood flow, scars, collapse with his hunger, weary and injured and cramps body on self fights. But as he said: "a man is not made for defeat to destroy him. You can, but is he", a fisherman, he was born the dry up ". He will all be understanding to undertake the fate. So he himself will eventually kill fish, he failed. In the end, he left the wreckage of fish. But in the spirit, but he still is the winner. He and the big marlin, even by completely, leaving only "destruction" bones, but still has not been "beat". This is the reality of life, Hemingway's failure to convert and sublimate into bitter spirit of triumph, and give praise of the brother indeed like saints. He hung in the shack in the sacred and barzillai starkovs Jesus virgin. He fought in the prayer. His disciples of Jesus and the fishermen in st. Especially in his first endure pain, he landed on the toughness of the mast after carrying up, and his works in the final "pull up blanket cover two shoulder, back, and then wrapped up in arms and legs, stretched straight, palms up the crucifixion of Jesus" image shows a solemn, the writer intentionally shaping the holy temperament. So the researchers SangDeYa saint "of" head almost surrounded the aperture of the holy, so has the works or mystical religions, "meaning", 3) "is a religious poetry". [4]But after all, SangDeYa elder brother and not saints. He even "is not religious". His distinctive temperament of the saints, but maybe just agree with that writer painstakingly. [5] in his world, with so many ordinary but again good things. The world SangDeYa or lonely, but not although autistic. He and the people around him, and the world, even small village and javan, to the modern world wide and be closely bound up. He and the name, and the children get along and manolin deeply loved him. He is in the sea. But his newspaper and radio such modern things, also full of love and curiosity. This is because, with them, he can focus the baseball game. For SangDeYa elder brother, pay attention to children means focus on the future, and focus on the baseball game, not only he beat his opponent, the echo of the inner urge to victory, but also used his and broader and more modern spirit of the outside only that, Hemingway portrays the spirit and character SangDeYa world, also very fully show the world with the nature of the world (the big marlin, Marine, seabirds, shark, and stars as small society), the village children), (fishermen, broader modern world (baseball games) and hopeful future world (children), and beyond ordinary divine world (his prayer and his passion of the spirit of the holy image), and such contact, and further enriched and deepen his spirit and personality. The world SangDeYa is so vast, brilliant, broad and profound! I think this is the old man and the sea "this not long, the novel is always the artistic charm of the basic course, the old man and the sea "narrative art undoubtedly is quite outstanding. On the one hand, it is "iceberg theory" Hemingway once again extremely successful. He spoke in the old man and the sea "creation once said:" the old man and the sea "could have written more than a thousand pages long, but he always according to the principle of the iceberg" to write about it. Every part, appeared in the seven eighths. You can avoid you know anything, it will only make your tip. This is not deep, part of the "appeared. [6] in its simple storyline, hidden behind our front of so rich and broad world, On the other hand, it is like a poem, a song sullen, suffering, the enthusiasm and solemn, even not bright and gentleness vision magnificent symphony. It SangDeYa from the loneliness and failure in writing, began to write in the sea with his little boy before the contacts, and his setting sail, he and the big marlin and shark's struggle, he failed to return to his final solemn dreams. Narrative is a waterfall, luxury, pour a solemn lyric passages and rhythm is in its intonation. [7] its colorful language, not only elegant, simple and unadorned and bright colours, powerful, with solemn underfoot art style.

The old man and the sea "SangDeYa brother character analysis:SangDeYa elder brother, this lonely, failure, but also a strong will and the winner of the old impulses into the sea. Without doubt, this will be the world met with two fight. A lonely and dilapidated, and have their own unique character and spirit of the old world, in the life on earth and the most violent natural unfolding a thrilling fight. Stars and the vast expanse of the sea, constitute a game of space magnificent brilliant background. SangDeYa brother love the sea. Therefore, he will always sea as a woman. In his mind, "ocean's kindness and very beautiful, but on the other hand, he knew the sea" brutal ". So I thought, he will be the woman, there are also regarded as the deeper reason, it is usually to the sea of his desire to conquer men. He and the sea, and the big marlin and shark's bloody battle, this is the concrete embodiment of sea SangDeYa Jericho underlines once again he alone, but never failed to defeat the character and destiny. Like all his life, in the most concentrated in hunting. He in the ocean soliloquize, experiencing the deepest helpless and loneliness. In his battle with the blood flow, scars, collapse with his hunger, weary and injured and cramps body on self fights. But as he said: "a man is not made for defeat to destroy him. You can, but is he", a fisherman, he was born the dry up ". He will all be understanding to undertake the fate. So he himself will eventually kill fish, he failed. In the end, he left the wreckage of fish. But in the spirit, but he still is the winner. He and the big marlin, even by completely, leaving only "destruction" bones, but still has not been "beat". This is the reality of life, Hemingway's failure to convert and sublimate into bitter spirit of triumph, and give praise of the brother indeed like saints. He hung in the shack in the sacred and barzillai starkovs Jesus virgin. He fought in the prayer. His disciples of Jesus and the fishermen in st. Especially in his first endure pain, he landed on the toughness of the mast after carrying up, and his works in the final "pull up blanket cover two shoulder, back, and then wrapped up in arms and legs, stretched straight, palms up the crucifixion of Jesus" image shows a solemn, the writer intentionally shaping the holy temperament. So the researchers SangDeYa saint "of" head almost surrounded the aperture of the holy, so has the works or mystical religions, "meaning", 3) "is a religious poetry". [4]But after all, SangDeYa elder brother and not saints. He even "is not religious". His distinctive temperament of the saints, but maybe just agree with that writer painstakingly. [5] in his world, with so many ordinary but again good things. The world SangDeYa or lonely, but not although autistic. He and the people around him, and the world, even small village and javan, to the modern world wide and be closely bound up. He and the name, and the children get along and manolin deeply loved him. He is in the sea. But his newspaper and radio such modern things, also full of love and curiosity. This is because, with them, he can focus the baseball game. For SangDeYa elder brother, pay attention to children means focus on the future, and focus on the baseball game, not only he beat his opponent, the echo of the inner urge to victory, but also used his and broader and more modern spirit of the outside only that, Hemingway portrays the spirit and character SangDeYa world, also very fully show the world with the nature of the world (the big marlin, Marine, seabirds, shark, and stars as small society), the village children), (fishermen, broader modern world (baseball games) and hopeful future world (children), and beyond ordinary divine world (his prayer and his passion of the spirit of the holy image), and such contact, and further enriched and deepen his spirit and personality. The world SangDeYa is so vast, brilliant, broad and profound! I think this is the old man and the sea "this not long, the novel is always the artistic charm of the basic course, the old man and the sea "narrative art undoubtedly is quite outstanding. On the one hand, it is "iceberg theory" Hemingway once again extremely successful. He spoke in the old man and the sea "creation once said:" the old man and the sea "could have written more than a thousand pages long, but he always according to the principle of the iceberg" to write about it. Every part, appeared in the seven eighths. You can avoid you know anything, it will only make your tip. This is not deep, part of the "appeared. [6] in its simple storyline, hidden behind our front of so rich and broad world, On the other hand, it is like a poem, a song sullen, suffering, the enthusiasm and solemn, even not bright and gentleness vision magnificent symphony. It SangDeYa from the loneliness and failure in writing, began to write in the sea with his little boy before the contacts, and his setting sail, he and the big marlin and shark's struggle, he failed to return to his final solemn dreams. Narrative is a waterfall, luxury, pour a solemn lyric passages and rhythm is in its intonation. [7] its colorful language, not only elegant, simple and unadorned and bright colours, powerful, with solemn underfoot art style.

hk kjdj kndjk nkadj nkjd njkd k dkdj kjsd kjdk k kj kj kj h jhjhdhj szh zszs c k cnm jmxhn jms jhsmd hjs jmsdf cjcnm sz cjhzs cd c xnj xnm xnm xmn nmx xnm xnm nm nmnmx nm m nm nm xn ksjsjk jksbkjs ssnm kaskjab jkb kjkkaj jkzas jks jk bnks kjas jks bjk k b k bsjkszjkfs jkks kjs ks k jbks kjs kj kjj kksj kj kjkj kj s j jk sx j n jks js jks jksx kjsx kjkj, bjkbdjkljsdjk jdljaa jka bjkajkd

老人与海论文英文文献

hk kjdj kndjk nkadj nkjd njkd k dkdj kjsd kjdk k kj kj kj h jhjhdhj szh zszs c k cnm jmxhn jms jhsmd hjs jmsdf cjcnm sz cjhzs cd c xnj xnm xnm xmn nmx xnm xnm nm nmnmx nm m nm nm xn ksjsjk jksbkjs ssnm kaskjab jkb kjkkaj jkzas jks jk bnks kjas jks bjk k b k bsjkszjkfs jkks kjs ks k jbks kjs kj kjj kksj kj kjkj kj s j jk sx j n jks js jks jksx kjsx kjkj, bjkbdjkljsdjk jdljaa jka bjkajkd

老人与海》是海明威于1951年在古巴写的一篇中篇小说,于1952年出版。是海明威最著名的作品之一。它围绕一位老年古巴渔夫,与一条巨大的马林鱼在离岸很远的湾流中搏斗而展开故事的讲述。它奠定了海明威在世界文学中的突出地位,这篇小说相继获得了1953年美国普利策奖和1954年诺贝尔文学奖。 《老人与海》写的是老渔夫桑地亚哥在海上的捕鱼经历,描写老人制服大鱼后,在返航途中又同鲨鱼进行惊险的搏斗,然而作品中的形象却具有很强的象征意蕴。他用大马哈鱼象征人生的理想和人类作为生命本身所不可避免的所具有的欲望,用鲨鱼象征无法摆脱的悲剧命运,用大海象征变化无常的人类社会,而狮子则为勇武健壮,仇视邪恶,能创造奇迹的象征,桑地亚哥则是人类中的勇于与强大势力搏斗的“硬汉子”代表,他那捕鱼的不幸遭遇象征人类总是与厄运不断抗争却无论如何都无法试图去改变命运。

1936年4月,海明威在《乡绅》杂志上发表了一篇名为“碧水之上:海湾来信”的散文,其中一段记叙了一位老人独自驾着小船出海捕鱼,捉到一条巨大的大马林鱼,但鱼的大部分被鲨鱼吃掉的故事。早在1939年,海明威搬到古巴时,他就开始计划以此为素材,写一篇情节完整的故事放到他的某个小说系类中。(实际上,他去世后,这个系类里其他篇目作为《海流中的岛屿》的一部分发表出来) 《老人与海》,美国作家欧内斯特•海明威著。《老人与海》是海明威的代表作,也是一部象征性的小说。主人公桑地亚哥是一位老渔夫,他经过重重艰险,捕获了“一条不止一千五百磅重的大马林鱼”,可是在返航的途中,这条大马林鱼却被鲨鱼吃光了,桑地亚哥只拖回了一副鱼的骨架。小说对大海的凄凉景象,对老人的复杂心情与回忆,对老人与鲨鱼搏斗的情景以及他与一个孩子的友情,都作了极具特色的描写,可谓淋漓尽致、引人入胜。 欧内斯特•海明威(1899--1961年),美国小说家,1954年诺贝尔文学奖获得者,获奖之作就是《老人与海》。这部小说是根据一位古巴渔夫的真实经历创作的,以摄像机般的写实手法记录了桑地亚哥老人捕鱼的全过程,塑造了一个在重压下仍然保持优雅风度、在精神上永远不可战胜的老人形象。这部小说创下了人类出版史上空前绝后的一个纪录:48小时售出500万册,50小时售出530万册! 当他被宣布为当年的普利策文学奖得主时,评论界一致称好。"人可以被毁灭,却不可以被打败。"海明威在《老人与海》里所说的话,不仅打动了读者,也征服了评论者。 1954年,因为海明威"精通于叙事艺术,突出地表现在他的近著《老人与海》之中;同时也因为他在当代风格中所发挥的影响",海明威又获诺贝尔文学奖。"每一句话和每一段落,都要尽量写得简洁。"这是海明威写作的信条之一,这使得他的作品改编成电影的数量比任何其他一位获奖者都多. 小说以写实手法展现了捕鱼老人桑地亚哥在重压下仍保持的优雅风度,这种精神上永远不可战胜者成为文学史上最著名的"硬汉"形象之一。对于《老人与海》这本被译成几十种文字的作品, 海明威自己认为 "是这一辈子所能写的最好的一部作品"。 这本书讲了古巴的一个名叫桑地亚哥的老渔夫,独自一个人出海打鱼,在一无所获的84天之后钓到了一条无比巨大的马林鱼。这是老人从来没见过也没听说过的,比他的船还长两英尺的一条大鱼。鱼的劲非常大,拖着小船漂流了整整两天两夜,老人在这两天两夜中经历了从未经受的艰难考验,终于把大鱼刺死,拴在船头。然而在返航时不幸遇上了鲨鱼,老人与鲨鱼进行了殊死搏斗,最终,大马林鱼还是被鲨鱼吃光了,老人历经一番艰辛,最后拖回家的只剩下一副光秃秃的鱼骨架和一身的伤,可还是得到了人们的赞赏。

"A man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed, is he." - the old man and the seaPersonal attention-seeking means everyone is longing for his ability to get others to his attention, the 1899 was born in America, his life character, brave, strong combative have a strong tendency of personal heroism. In Europe, gun battle. In the African jungle to catch ferocious beast, in the ring to master the challenge. Also in his fiction is full of war, fighting, love sport, and tourism. The author of the character of his works is the old man and the sea ", in this work embodies a confident, daring to challenge the fate of courage, show the fighting spirit. This work was huge, even as the church , Hemingway's works in many so-called "heroics" composition, more is the bursting of the emotion, Hemingway other piece like "the sun also rises," "A farewell to arms", "short fiction works", the "garden of Eden", "A Movable Feast" etc, can say "and" personal attention-seeking "almost touch on can then consider the topic. If the old man and the sea ", the following reference analysisOutstanding performance:One is to human life. Look! The roar of the shark, aggressive resembles, but not a ChuiMu into the old man! Old man with despair, hunger in battle, heart always in silently thoughtfully: people were not born to overthrow. It is one of life's tenacity and strong embody!2 is the ultimate meaning of life works. Consider, old man with hunger, cold, dark, don't say to work by a fishbone empty? Man is completely cut off line is easy, but he has no! He is in trouble with the strong competition in battle,! YuSiWangPo rather too obstinate. Old man and the sea and in the volatile, completed the people's life force. Here is the success in said: "life is born, the brilliance of itself, not in a dead results - - - - - - - - the heel in cardiac alive!Three QuanZhu work is the concept of "success". The win on the material can be secular sense of success, but not necessarily successful life. If the life as a business to succeed, then, the life first should be perfect personality. Xiang is a loser, but he is recognized as the hero, Liu, but still seized by one as "surabaya rogue". If the solemn, farewell to the significance of human works embodies the spirit of America's western values and. Adventure and heroics usually for the beauty of the old man, San Diego small fishing boat to upload the mayflower "in" the same spirit, namely: can I failed, but you destroy me, I always strive for a breakthrough. Reason: the nationality of works for the works of a is the work presents a new dialogue between man and nature. "The old man and the sea" dialogue ", is weak and strong, loneliness and noise, winning and losing dialogue, it is different from the dialogue with the island, Crusoe is some life. Shark, the sea is spoiled, and the spirit of land for long. People in turbulent waves, and in living in the region, is absolutely called?6 is the product of work is personified. This course should brush, chicheng frankly. As is known to all, Hemingway's life in nature, good adventure. Challenge vitality He thought, no power of life. He hates to human desires, lust, and love, he often bypass the crowd around, magical place hunting, war, piao sentiment. Because of this, he mentally alone in the sea as fighting with the old man of sharks. However, he was born, until picked a secular evil theory with empty, only to double fishbone tube rifle issued a warning to the is a novel, but also can take it as a fable. Hemingway sing out here to humans fighting spirit stubborn. The novel is optimistic note and the end. Through the boy will once again with a new man, to fight and a new , of course, we should also realize that as a bourgeois individual Hemingway's limitations. He neither see, see the way society, the strength of the masses, he is in a weak foothold to personal struggle spirit came. Consequently, he failed to hero is only the hero. The old man and the sea "optimism is wide dark a glimmer of the air, and throughout the is a melancholy throughout the old man is a real image, or if the employee is but a critics say a laborer appearance of Hemingway's intellectuals? We think that is a - the true image of laborer, though, may be slightly. The writer is a true to his characters will simply as his mouthpiece. If Santiago only cosmetic of Hemingway, this novel won't have such power of moving. Santiago's thoughts and feelings and not beyond him such a laborer of thoughts and feelings. He in the boundless sea battle with fish, fish that will both as the enemy and as a brother's mood, should be understood and experience. In Hemingway's this old man is not a profound social content, but are faithful and the old man Santiago is a writer Ernest Hemingway's shadow. His son Gregory Hemingway wrote in a memoir, "Hemingway's hero is Hemingway himself, or his best." This is right. We work in some of the many characters are seen writers of his own shadow. But, in the novel "the old man and the sea", we felt in the thoughts and feelings with Hemingway, Santiago is more closely together, he loves him, sing praises to him, he entered the ", "the old man in the sea, feeling and sentiment is he to experience. In a sense, and from a certain Angle, the old man is Hemingway incarnation. But this is not to say ahead of us is a real art image that YiJiuErLiuNian, Hemingway published "the sun also rises," in this novel, he expressed in the first world war, the part of the American young intellectuals deep despair of reality. He therefore "lost generation" of the identity of the representative by notice, and some people will this novel as a "lost generation" declaration. Since then, he has been in his life and society. He attended the struggle against Spain franco. His works have exposed in the dark, capitalism had antifascist enthusiasm. His sympathy for China's Anti-Japanese War. He is a serious, right-minded writer. But, he always can not out of the circle, and individualism, never get rid of pessimism. Although "lost generation" as a literary genre in in the 1930s has collapsed, after the age from thought, said Hemingway is still a "lost". From the surface, Hemingway is a made great achievements, Fraser shatter his reputation, status, money. He is bold and unconstrained, open-minded, generous. But another Hemingway that he didn't see the real human way. And, as in war, it had a few times impaired his health. And he is old, writing more and more difficult. His heart is depressed, YiYu, doleful. In the boundless hugecrowd struggle, ups. The old man and the sea "is his soul essence of certain things. He not only in the old Santiago's body to his life on the feeling, also be the heroic man to motivate yourself as the to his son, Hemingway later in writing up has less easily. "The past is a water Wells, and now have the water pump.... he is no longer poet..., he became a workman, blame your destiny, sigh he's going into * entangles! � times first-come-first-served basis of dam Lei if ⊙ based Ge He lie � * his genius and back, which gives birth to a masterpiece (refers to the old man and the sea"), although not quite, but the scale, insight, and full of love and truth." Anyway, we can agree on the subject, because love, because of the ground with object close together, is the novel can obtain some achievements and can move one of the important reasons. -- but generally he is getting on in writing. So he had to say such words: "I wrote the book. I can't finish line." "I've been in this damned desk before... but I can't write out. It's not written. You know, I can't." His son say: "he always tries to win. He was lost, the". He's an old friend Malcolm, says: "if he can't write, he didn't want to live." In 1961, with a rifle bullets ended his life. I'm afraid I can't just explain for disease, it should also praised his old Santiago heroism another expression. However, we can also be considered that in the boundless huge crowd to struggle, the individual heroes who toil in a bell, their personal power loss after all, just to see more hope.

老人与海主题毕业论文

“一艘船越过世界的尽头,驶向未知的大海,船头上悬挂着一面虽然饱经风雨剥蚀却依旧艳丽无比的旗帜,旗帜上,舞动着云龙一般的四个字闪闪发光——超越极限!”作者海明威是这样评价他的作品《老人与海》的。 《老人与海》塑造了一个经典的硬汉形象。古巴的一个名叫桑地亚哥的老渔夫,独自一个人出海打鱼,在一无所获的48天之后钓到了一条无比巨大的马林鱼。这是老人从来没见过也没听说过的比他的船还长两英尺的一条大鱼。鱼大劲也大,拖着小船漂流了整整两天两夜,老人在这两天两夜中经历了从未经受的艰难考验,终于把大鱼刺死,拴在船头。然而这时却遇上了鲨鱼,老人与鲨鱼进行了殊死搏斗,结果大马林鱼还是被鲨鱼吃光了,老人最后拖回家的只剩下一副光秃秃的鱼骨架。 海明威为什么没有让老人最终胜利呢? 用小说中老人的话来说:“一个人并不是生来就要被打败的”,“人尽可以被毁灭,但却不能被打败。”这就是《老人与海》想揭示的哲理。不可否认,只要是人就都会有缺陷。当一个人承认了这个缺陷并努力去战胜它而不是去屈从它的时候,无论最后是捕到一条完整的马林鱼还是一副空骨架,这都已经无所谓了,因为一个人的生命价值已在那追捕马林鱼的过程中充分地体现了。曾经为自己的理想努力追求过、奋斗过,难道他不是一个胜利者吗?老渔夫就是敢于挑战自身缺陷及自己勇气和信心的胜利者。从世俗胜利观的角度看,老渔夫不是最后的胜利者,因为尽管开始他战胜了大马林鱼,但是最终大马林鱼还是让鲨鱼吃了,他只是带着大马林鱼的白骨架子回到了岸上,也就是说,鲨鱼才是胜利者。可是,在理想主义者眼里,老渔夫就是胜利者,因为他始终没有向大海没有向大马林鱼更没有向鲨鱼妥协和投降。就如音乐大师贝多芬所说“我可以被摧毁,但我不能被征服”。 人性是强悍的,人类本身有自己的限度,但正是因为有了老渔夫这样的人一次又一次地向限度挑战,超越它们,这个限度才一次次扩大,一次次把更大的挑战摆在了人类面前。在这个意义上,老渔夫桑地亚哥这样的英雄,不管他们挑战限度是成功还是失败,都是值得我们永远敬重的。 因为,他带给我们的是人类最为高贵的自信!

一曰和(ethical;harmonious;plain;natural;controlled) “和”在二十四况中处于首位,而且“和”的内涵几乎涵盖了所有二十四况,“其所首重者和也”。在对“和”况的说明中,作者首先讲到:“稽首至圣心通造化,德协神人,理一身之性情,以理天下人之性情”,这说明“和”受到了儒家“中和”思想的影响。《中庸》中说“发而皆中节,谓之和”,所以“和”首先指出古琴音乐应该是“合乎礼仪道德的”(ethical),是“禁止淫邪,正人心的”(forbidding people to have any lewd and vicious idea),而且是“乐以修德的”(Music is used to cultivate one’s virtue.)。“众音之款会,优柔平中”则说明“和”应该是“中庸的”(according with the doctrine of mean)、“和谐的”(harmonious)。“论和以散和为上,按和为次”则强调“和”是“不加雕琢的”(plain)、“自然的”(natural)。“弦与指和、指与音和、音与意和”则说明“和”应是“有节制的”(controlled)。“音从意转,意先乎音,音随乎意”则强调“意念”(idea)与“弹奏”(plucking)应该紧密结合,而意念应“神闲气静”(carefree and peaceful)、“蔼然醉心”(calm and intoxicated)。 “不以性情中和相遇,而以为是技也”,所以“和”强调演奏古琴不能仅仅注意演奏技巧,还应考虑演奏者的“道德修养”(morality)、“心理状态”(psychological condition)、“审美情趣”(aesthetic taste)都能达到良好的状况。 二曰静(quietness;calm) “静”首先是指“声音的安静”(quietness),“声厉则知指躁,声粗则知指浊”;其次是指“心理的平静”(calm),“淡泊宁静,心无尘翳”。而求静的方法则在于“调气”“练指”。“调气”就是“调整心理状态”(to adjust the psychological condition),使其达到“淡泊宁静”“心无尘翳”;“练指”就是“控制手指”(to control the fingers),避免弹出“粗厉之声”(the rough and disagreeable sound)。所以“调气则神自静,练指则声自静”。 三曰清(clear and melodious;pure) “指求其劲,按求其实,则清音始出”“不染纤毫浊气,傍弦绝无客声”,这两句说明“清”是指一种“清脆”(clear and melodious)“纯净”(pure)的音色,与“暗淡柔和”(faint)的音色相反。“究夫曲调之清,则最忌连连弹去,亟亟求完”则说明“清”与“静”一样,也要求演奏者要“从容婉转”(leisurely and agreeable),要“有控制”(controlled)。另一方面,文中还指出“清者,大雅之原本”(Qing is the origin of elegance),要求演奏者在演奏时,必须作到“地僻”(Music should be played in a secluded place.)“弦洁”(Music must be pure.)“心静”(The player must be calm.)“气肃”(The attitude of the player must be earnest.),使欣赏者能够联想到“澄然秋潭”(The music reminds the audiences of the deep pool in autumn)“皎然寒月”(and the moon in winter.),而且“令人心骨俱冷,体气欲仙”(The audiences are drunk in music so much that they want to transcend the worldly and become the celestial beings.)。 四曰远(remote;imaginative) “时为岑静也,若游峨眉之雪,时为流逝也,若在洞庭之波”,所以“远”的含义应是“悠远”(remote)“具有幻想性”(imaginative)的境界。“远以神行”“至于神游气化,而意之所之玄而又玄”,这两句说明求“远”的主要方法是利用“想象”(imagination),即让思想进入“神游”(mind’s travel)状态,使演奏与想象相结合,“在想象中演奏”(to play in one’s imagination),或“在演奏中想象”(to imagine in one’s playing)。同时,想象的范围应限制在“自然的山水中”(mountains and rivers in nature),“若游峨眉之雪,若在洞庭之波”,这样就能使音乐达到一种“悠远”的境界。所以“求之弦中如不足,得之弦外则有余”。 五曰古(primitive and plain;primitive and elegant) “然粗率疑于古朴”“而古雅自见”,这两句说明“古”的含义是“古朴”(primitive and plain)“古雅”(primitive and elegant)的音乐风格,与“时调”(the fashionable tune)相对。“时调”的特点是“声争而媚耳”(The tune seduces people with its noisiness),“疾速”(rapid);“古”的特点是“音澹而会心”(a plain music but it can move people)“延缓”(slow)。同时作者还强调“粗率”(being rough and careless)“疏慵”(to play the music slowly and without emotion)“似疑于古,而实病于古”,所以“必融其粗率,振其疏慵”。最后,作者还进一步说明“古”的意境就是“宛在深山空邃谷,老木寒泉,风声簌簌,令人有遗世独立之思”(The music makes people feel as ifin the high mountain and deep valley and see the old woods, touch the icy spring, hear the blowing of the wind and feel like flying away from the worldly.)。 六曰澹(plain;elegant;unsophistic- ated) “澹”是一种“淡泊”(not to seek fame and wealth)“平淡”(plain)“孤高岑寂”(to have a too high taste to be understood by others)的审美情趣。这种审美情趣有三种含义:一是“不入歌舞场中”“不杂丝竹伴内”,即不能用来作为“娱乐工具”(a means for entertainment);二是“祛邪而存正,黜俗而归雅,舍媚而还淳”,即它应是“正统的”(decent)“高雅的”(elegant)“淳朴的”(unsophisticated);三是“山居深静”“绝去炎嚣”“焚香静对”,即它应是“清高孤傲”(aloof from political and material pursuits)“不媚俗”(not vulgar)的。 七曰恬(pleasing) “恬”也是一种审美情趣,这种审美情趣是以“恬”这种气味来形容的。“操至妙来则可澹,澹至妙来则生恬”,所以“恬”应是弹琴达到一种境界后自然产生的“愉悦感”(pleasing)。但是这种境界应是“兴到而不自纵,气到而不自豪。情到而不自扰,意到而不自浓”,它让人产生的感觉是“不味而味”(The music has no taste but feels like tasty.)“不馥而馥”( The music has no fragrance but feels like fragrant.)。就像“水中之乳泉”(the sweetest water)“蕊中之兰”(the most fragrant flower)。 八曰逸(free from vulgarity;elegant;moral) “逸”在这里指的是演奏者的

《老人与海》桑地亚哥性格分析 : 桑地亚哥,这个孤独的、失败的,但又有着胜利者冲动和坚强意志的老人进入了大海。毫无疑问,这将是两个世界的相遇与搏斗。一个孤独、破败,而又有着自己独特的性格与精神世界的苍老的生命,在与地球上最为狂暴的自然展开着惊心动魄的较量。日月星辰和浩瀚无边的大海,构成了这场较量壮阔辉煌的空间背景。桑地亚哥热爱着大海。因此,他总将大海视为女人。在他的心目中,“海洋是仁慈并十分美丽的”,但在另一方面,他又深知大海的“残暴”。所以我以为,他将大海视为女人,还有着另外的更深层次的原因,那就是他对大海男性一般的征服欲望。他与大海、与大马林鱼以及鲨鱼的殊死搏斗,正是这种征服的具体体现。 海上的桑地亚哥又一次突显出他的孤独、失败但又决不服输的性格与命运。仿佛他的一生,都在这次捕猎中得到了最为集中的体现。他在大海中自言自语,体验着深切的无助与孤独。他在与大鱼的搏斗中鲜血崩流、伤痕累累,还要与自己的饥饿、困乏,以及受伤与抽筋的肢体进行着自我搏斗。但正如他所说的:“一个人并不是生来就要给打败的。你尽可以毁灭他,可就是打不败他”,做一个渔夫,正是他“生来该干的行当”。他将一切都理解为自己必然承担的宿命。因此他靠自己的意志,最终杀死了大鱼,取得了胜利。 但他还是失败了。他在最后,只剩下了大鱼的残骸。而在精神的层面上,他却仍是胜利者。他和那条大马林鱼一样,即使遭到彻底的“毁灭”,只剩下尸骨,可仍然没有被“打败”。就是这样,海明威把现实人生的失败与苦厄转换与升华成精神的凯旋,并且给予了圣徒般的赞美。 桑地亚哥确实像圣徒。他在窝棚中悬挂的耶稣圣心图和科夫莱圣母图。他在搏斗中的祈祷。他和耶稣的门徒圣彼得所共有的渔夫身份。特别是他自始至终忍受痛楚的坚韧,他在上岸以后扛着桅杆的屡仆屡起,以及他在作品的最后“拉起毯子,盖住两肩,然后裹住了背部和双腿,两臂伸得笔直,手掌向上”这样的耶稣受难般的庄严形象,都显示出作家所刻意塑造的圣者气质。所以有学者指出“圣人般的桑地亚哥”的“头上几乎围绕着圣洁的光圈”,作品也因此具有了“宗教的或神秘的涵义”,〔3〕“是一首宗教诗”。〔4〕 可是毕竟,桑地亚哥并不是圣徒。他甚至“并不笃信宗教”。他的鲜明强烈的圣徒气质也许只是暗合,只是作家所刻意赋予的。〔5〕在他的世界中,有着那么多凡俗而又美好的事物。或者说,桑地亚哥的世界虽然孤独,但却并不自闭。他与人们,与他周围小小的渔村世界,甚至与广阔辽远的现代世界,均都息息相关。他与渔民、与那个名叫马诺林的孩子和睦相处并且深受他的爱戴。他在海上念念不忘的就是孩子。而他对报纸和收音机这样的现代事物,同样充满了喜爱与好奇。这是因为通过它们,他能够关注棒球比赛的信息。对桑地亚哥而言,关注孩子意味着关注未来,而关注棒球比赛,不仅寄托和呼应着他打败对手、渴望胜利的内在冲动,而且还喻示着他与更加广阔和更加现代的外部世界的精神联系。 就是这样,海明威不仅刻画了桑地亚哥的精神与性格世界,还很充分地展现了这样的世界与大自然的世界(海洋、海鸟、大马林鱼、鲨鱼,以及日月星辰)、作为小型社会的渔村世界(渔民、孩子)、更加广阔的现代世界(棒球比赛)和充满希望的未来世界(孩子),以及超越凡俗的神圣世界(他的祈祷和他的受难般的圣者形象)的精神联系,而这样的联系,无疑又进一步丰富和深化了他的精神与性格世界。桑地亚哥的世界,原来是这样的广阔、辉煌、博大与深邃!我想,这正是《老人与海》这部篇幅不长、情节简单的小说具有永远的艺术魅力的基本原因。 当然,《老人与海》的叙事艺术无疑是相当杰出的。一方面,它是海明威“冰山理论”的又一次极为成功的体现。他在谈到《老人与海》的创作时曾经说过:“《老人与海》本来可以写成一千多页那么长”,但他“总是根据冰山的原理去写它。关于显现出来的每一部分,八分之七是在水面的。你可以略去你所知道的任何东西,这只会使你的冰山深厚起来。这是并不显现出来的部分”。〔6〕在它简单的故事情节背后,深藏着我们前面所阐述的那样丰富而又博大的世界;另一方面,它像诗篇,像是一曲交织着沉郁、苦难、昂扬与庄严,甚至也不无明丽与柔情的气魄宏伟的交响曲。它从桑地亚哥的孤独与失败开始写起,依次书写他在出海之前与小男孩的交往、他的扬帆出海、他与大马林鱼及鲨鱼的搏斗、他的失败的返航,最后复归于他庄严的梦境。叙事从容不迫,有着“瀑布般倾泻的豪华、庄严的抒情段落,而节奏正表现在它的抑扬顿挫里”。〔7〕它的语言丰富多彩,不仅雅致冷峻、简洁有力,而且色彩鲜明,具有庄严伟岸的艺术风格。 (翻译) The old man and the sea "SangDeYa brother character analysis:SangDeYa elder brother, this lonely, failure, but also a strong will and the winner of the old impulses into the sea. Without doubt, this will be the world met with two fight. A lonely and dilapidated, and have their own unique character and spirit of the old world, in the life on earth and the most violent natural unfolding a thrilling fight. Stars and the vast expanse of the sea, constitute a game of space magnificent brilliant background. SangDeYa brother love the sea. Therefore, he will always sea as a woman. In his mind, "ocean's kindness and very beautiful, but on the other hand, he knew the sea" brutal ". So I thought, he will be the woman, there are also regarded as the deeper reason, it is usually to the sea of his desire to conquer men. He and the sea, and the big marlin and shark's bloody battle, this is the concrete embodiment of sea SangDeYa Jericho underlines once again he alone, but never failed to defeat the character and destiny. Like all his life, in the most concentrated in hunting. He in the ocean soliloquize, experiencing the deepest helpless and loneliness. In his battle with the blood flow, scars, collapse with his hunger, weary and injured and cramps body on self fights. But as he said: "a man is not made for defeat to destroy him. You can, but is he", a fisherman, he was born the dry up ". He will all be understanding to undertake the fate. So he himself will eventually kill fish, he failed. In the end, he left the wreckage of fish. But in the spirit, but he still is the winner. He and the big marlin, even by completely, leaving only "destruction" bones, but still has not been "beat". This is the reality of life, Hemingway's failure to convert and sublimate into bitter spirit of triumph, and give praise of the brother indeed like saints. He hung in the shack in the sacred and barzillai starkovs Jesus virgin. He fought in the prayer. His disciples of Jesus and the fishermen in st. Especially in his first endure pain, he landed on the toughness of the mast after carrying up, and his works in the final "pull up blanket cover two shoulder, back, and then wrapped up in arms and legs, stretched straight, palms up the crucifixion of Jesus" image shows a solemn, the writer intentionally shaping the holy temperament. So the researchers SangDeYa saint "of" head almost surrounded the aperture of the holy, so has the works or mystical religions, "meaning", 3) "is a religious poetry". [4]But after all, SangDeYa elder brother and not saints. He even "is not religious". His distinctive temperament of the saints, but maybe just agree with that writer painstakingly. [5] in his world, with so many ordinary but again good things. The world SangDeYa or lonely, but not although autistic. He and the people around him, and the world, even small village and javan, to the modern world wide and be closely bound up. He and the name, and the children get along and manolin deeply loved him. He is in the sea. But his newspaper and radio such modern things, also full of love and curiosity. This is because, with them, he can focus the baseball game. For SangDeYa elder brother, pay attention to children means focus on the future, and focus on the baseball game, not only he beat his opponent, the echo of the inner urge to victory, but also used his and broader and more modern spirit of the outside only that, Hemingway portrays the spirit and character SangDeYa world, also very fully show the world with the nature of the world (the big marlin, Marine, seabirds, shark, and stars as small society), the village children), (fishermen, broader modern world (baseball games) and hopeful future world (children), and beyond ordinary divine world (his prayer and his passion of the spirit of the holy image), and such contact, and further enriched and deepen his spirit and personality. The world SangDeYa is so vast, brilliant, broad and profound! I think this is the old man and the sea "this not long, the novel is always the artistic charm of the basic course, the old man and the sea "narrative art undoubtedly is quite outstanding. On the one hand, it is "iceberg theory" Hemingway once again extremely successful. He spoke in the old man and the sea "creation once said:" the old man and the sea "could have written more than a thousand pages long, but he always according to the principle of the iceberg" to write about it. Every part, appeared in the seven eighths. You can avoid you know anything, it will only make your tip. This is not deep, part of the "appeared. [6] in its simple storyline, hidden behind our front of so rich and broad world, On the other hand, it is like a poem, a song sullen, suffering, the enthusiasm and solemn, even not bright and gentleness vision magnificent symphony. It SangDeYa from the loneliness and failure in writing, began to write in the sea with his little boy before the contacts, and his setting sail, he and the big marlin and shark's struggle, he failed to return to his final solemn dreams. Narrative is a waterfall, luxury, pour a solemn lyric passages and rhythm is in its intonation. [7] its colorful language, not only elegant, simple and unadorned and bright colours, powerful, with solemn underfoot art style.

海明威的东西很好写,无非是硬汉、勇气、死亡、性这类的主题,现在研究海明威的人很多,译林出版社的海明威作品的前言和译后记里都有很多关于作家和作品的介绍和分析,很有价值。我个人看过的是一本在《永别了,武器》的前言,林疑今的译笔,里面有作者著作的横向和纵向的简要分析。你可以去读海明威的其他作品,做对比,也可以和其他同时期作家的作品做对比,这很重要!还要注意一些对他的评论文章,最好是西方的。另外海明威的电报体小说的字面意思后面的引申义十分丰富,一定要进行文本细读。

老人与海毕业论文题目

你可以选择从古代入手试下啊,反论嘛,

《老人与海》的叙事艺术分析这点我是可以理解的你懂我我意思多少字的要求

论文的题目是一篇论文的灵魂,好的题目可以吸引人们的眼球。下面是我带来的关于美国文学方向论文选题的内容,欢迎阅读参考! 美国文学方向论文选题(一) 1. 从《在路上》看五六十年代美国社会价值观 2. 评希思克利夫被扭曲的心路历程 3. 试论马克·吐温短篇小说的幽默特色 4. 惠特曼的死亡哲学 5. 论《呼啸山庄》--原始古朴与文明理性的交错色彩 6. 论《了不起的盖茨比》中“二元主角”手法的运用 7. 透过小说《威廉·威尔逊》和《黑猫》看艾伦·坡的善恶观 8. 从《飘》看内战对美国文学的影响 9. 论《美国丽人》一片中人物的两面性 10. 论海明威小说中的死亡主题 11. 浅析艾丽丝·沃克的《紫颜色》 12. 女性作家的共性 13. 《倾城之恋》与《飘》的女权意识比较研究 14. 《失乐园》 与《圣经》中撒旦形象的对比 15. 《老人与海》与《鲁宾逊漂流记》的比较研究 16. 哥特式风格在《弗兰克斯坦》中的体现 17. 浅议反讽手法在《蝇王》中的运用 18. 分析麦尔维尔《白鲸》中的象征主义 19. 艾略特早期诗歌中的人物形象分析 20. 《丧钟为谁而鸣》中的女性形象分析 美国文学方向论文选题(二) 1. 从《简爱 》看早期女权主义的理想和追求 2. 十九世 纪英国小说家笔下的真、善、美 3. 英国十 八世纪浪漫主义诗人的自然观 4. Romanticism in Mark Twin's works 5. 批评方法之我见 段燕 6. 浅谈泰戈尔的生命 段燕 7. 浅谈《红字》中珠儿形象的作用 8. 论《 红字》中的道德主题 9. 论海丝特·白兰的性 格发展 10. 《红字》中象征手法的运用 11. 论霍桑《红字》中“A”的象征意义 12. 象征意向在《了不起的盖茨比》中的运用 13. 论《了不起的盖茨比》的艺术特点 14. 伍尔夫创作中的女权主义立场 15. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的女权思想 16. 伍尔夫女 性视角中的女性形象分析 17. 流派研究 18. 世纪美国浪漫主义与英国浪漫主义 19. 超现实主义 20. 魔幻现实主义 21. Jane as a narrator and as a character 22. Character Analysis of Nancy, the “criminal” in Oliver Twist 23. Virginia Woolf and Modern Feminine Independence 24. An Analysis of Charles Dickens' Great Expectation 美国文学方向论文选题(三) 1、 透过《傲慢与偏见》看现代社会爱情观 2、生与死的抗争--《厄舍古厦的倒塌》主题解读 3、浅谈“欧·亨利式结尾”及其文学影响 4、从宗教角度解读简爱的多重性格 5、从女权主义角度剖析《小妇人》中的乔 6、 “英雄”的陨落--悲剧美学角度分析《老人与海》 7、 从《菊花》中看女主人公Elisa实现自我价值的障碍 8、奉献与宽容---浅析《双城记》中的仁爱精神 9、 《格列佛游记》中对理性的反思与批判 10、浅析《警察和赞美诗》的戏剧化特色 11、一场失败革命的反思---论《动物庄园》中所表现的象征意义 12、论詹姆斯·乔伊斯《阿拉比》的精神顿悟 13、从后印象主义角度解读《到灯塔去》中的双性同体观 14、 从中西方道德观差异谈《伊利亚特》与《封神演义》人物品德 15、 韦伯《猫》中的女性主义 16、 浅析《儿子与情人》中的心理冲突 17、浅析中西方喜剧文化---以《武林外传》和《老友记》为例 18、从女性主义看《傲慢与偏见》中的女性形象 19、《瓦尔登湖》中自然主义的现实意义 20、 从男性角色解读《简爱》中的女性反抗意识 猜你喜欢: 1. 英美文学方向毕业论文 2. 文化方向论文题目 3. 英美文学方向论文 4. 美国文化学术论文格式 5. 美国文化学术论文格式要求

学术堂整理了十五个英美文学方面的毕业论文题目供大家进行参考:1、 透过《傲慢与偏见》看现代社会爱情观2、生与死的抗争--《厄舍古厦的倒塌》主题解读3、浅谈“欧·亨利式结尾”及其文学影响4、从宗教角度解读简爱的多重性格5、从女权主义角度剖析《小妇人》中的乔6、 “英雄”的陨落--悲剧美学角度分析《老人与海》7、 从《菊花》中看女主人公Elisa实现自我价值的障碍8、奉献与宽容---浅析《双城记》中的仁爱精神9、 《格列佛游记》中对理性的反思与批判10、浅析《警察和赞美诗》的戏剧化特色11、一场失败革命的反思---论《动物庄园》中所表现的象征意义12、论詹姆斯·乔伊斯《阿拉比》的精神顿悟13、从后印象主义角度解读《到灯塔去》中的双性同体观14、 从中西方道德观差异谈《伊利亚特》与《封神演义》人物品德15、 韦伯《猫》中的女性主义

老人与海人物形象毕业论文

《老人与海》主人公圣地亚哥的人物形象:一个百折不挠、坚强不屈、敢于拼搏、永不放弃、自信乐观而又悲壮的“硬汉”形象。

一、百折不挠、永不服输的“硬汉”形象。

在与命运、大海、大鱼及鲨鱼的不断较量中逐步凸显出来的形象都生动而深刻地刻画和描写了老人身上所体现的“硬汉”魅力——勇敢、坚强、百折不挠、永不服输。他代表了那个“可以消灭但你不能战胜”的硬汉。这就是圣地亚哥的坚韧不拔、永不言败的硬汉形象。

二、乐观、自信的“硬汉”形象。

老人显示出的乐观、豁达的人生态度并不是对生活、对对手的盲目乐观,而是在一切重压下的优雅风度。他对待胜利与失败、苦与乐,有自己一套独到的生命哲学。

三、悲壮的“硬汉”形象。

他一生贫穷而又不走运,他是连续84天独自在湾流中连一条鱼也没有钓到的渔翁。一位体力衰竭、风烛残年的老渔夫划着小船连续84天在海上独自奋斗,却一无所获的凄凉景象被生动地呈现在读者眼前。他的孤独、他的辛苦、他的凄凉都让读者心生同情。

浅谈《老人与海》中桑提亚哥的逆境英雄气概

【摘要】 诺贝尔文学奖获得者,美国小说名家欧内斯特·米勒尔·海明威,一生中塑造了许多 栩 栩 如生的人物形象。尽管海明威描写的主人公在年龄、性别、职业等方面各不相同,但所塑造出来的形象都有着某些共同的特点:在一个冷漠无情、非理性、让人倍感被遗弃的、孤独的被异化的西方世界里,海明威笔下的主人公能够勇敢面对困难、厄运,他们虽然对这个虚伪的世界感到失望,但依然能够凭着自己的本能去与之抗衡。不管是斗牛士、拳击手,还是猎人、士兵、渔夫,都是勇敢的实践者、拼搏者,无畏的挑战者、征服者,他们都孤独高傲,有着惊人的忍耐力,在充满流血和暴力的世界里经受种种严峻考验,在和对手、敌人的斗争中,毫不妥协,淋漓尽致地展现出他们的力量、尊严和风度。海明威塑造的这些形象,被广大的读者以“逆境英雄”形象所普遍接受。

他把自己的世界在小说中进行了异化:《老人与海》中老人将自已视为了整个人类的代表,马林鱼则象征了人类理想,茫茫大海和大鲨鱼则象征着神秘莫测的命运和不可知的自然力量,因此,老人桑提亚哥与大海、鲨鱼的搏斗象征着人类与大自然、命运及邪恶势力的抗争,他把对自然的悲壮的抗争视为维护尊严的必然。诺贝尔文学奖授奖辞中称赞《老人与海》“是对一种即使一无所获仍旧不屈不挠的奋斗精神的讴歌,是对不畏艰险,不惧失败的那种道义胜利的讴歌”。

《老人与海》是海明威后期的代表作,其中桑提亚哥老渔夫形象是其“逆境英雄”群像中最完美的一个,他把这种形象的塑造推到了高峰,是对所有逆境中的硬汉所作的英雄主义哲理性总结。海明威所塑造的“英雄”形象的出现不是偶然的,书中的故事取材于生活中的真实事件,并融入了作者自身相似的生活经历体验,因此有着深厚的生活文化底蕴和背景他们的形象体现了西方主流文化的精神内涵。

一.桑提亚哥的逆境英雄形象

海明威在一个原始而简单的渔猎故事框架中,塑造了桑提亚哥老渔夫这样一个自信、坚强、百折不挠、永不言败的“英雄”形象,他的精神溢于言,显于表,激荡于内心,彰显于行动。虽然他的身上写满了苍老和沧桑,但他有一双大海一般蓝的眼睛,“愉快、毫不沮丧”;他的生活潦而不倒,却有一颗坚忍不拔的心,自信:只要他愿意,一切都可以被他打得一败涂地。

小说一开头的肖像描绘和“英雄”几乎毫不沾边:“后颈上凝聚了深刻的皱纹,显得又瘦又憔悴……”,他独自一人肩扛桅杆,在黎明前驾船向海洋深处进发。由于他的失败和背运,唯一一个愿意陪他出海的小孩曼诺林也被父母着跟另外的渔船钓鱼去了。

他孤独无援——只身出海到那谁也不愿去,谁也不敢去的深海处,又厄运缠身——连续84天没钓到一条鱼了,他沉着冷静地应付这一难堪,超然平静地听凭人们对他“背运”的议论,知道“这并不是耻辱,而且给真正的高傲也没有带来损失”。同时,他相信自已的经验、智慧和决心能够证明自已是“一个古怪的老头儿”,虽然“证明了一千次都失败了”,仍然对每一天都充满信心和希望。

在深海中他碰到了令人敬佩的强有力的、崇高而优美的对手——巨大的马林鱼,于是一场激烈搏斗,在一个衰弱的老人和一只强壮的大马林鱼之间展开了:鱼逃奔了两天两夜,不断掀起巨浪,拖着孤零零的小船在海上飘荡。钓绳勒进了桑提亚哥的肉里,双手血肉模糊。在大海上追捕大马林鱼的恶战,最为集中地体现了老渔夫桑提亚哥的性格:他忍受着孤独、寒冷、饥饿、伤痛和疲惫,与一条比他船还大的马林鱼进行了一场毅力和耐力的竞赛。

经过一番奋战,人和鱼都已筋疲力尽:一个是为了将要到手的猎物努力拼搏,一个是为了将要失去的生存而奋力抗争。作品的矛盾冲突达到这一顶峰时,我们看到的是生命与生命的抗衡,生存与死亡的赛跑。此时的生命得到充分的激发,力量和美感都发挥到了极致。桑提亚哥内心十分清楚自己在体力上与大马林鱼没有可比性,但他却十分相信自己在意志和经验上的优势,也正是信心一直支撑着他与大马林鱼搏斗。他不断挑战极限,认为“痛苦在于一个男子汉,不算一回事”,希望那条鱼“把我当作比现在的我更有男子气概些”,还大无畏地想:“我希望我是那条鱼,用它所有的一切对抗我仅有的意志与智慧。”面对势均力敌的对手和被大鱼颠覆的危险,他的选择是“到那什么人也没有去过的地方把它找出来”。 毕业论文

桑提亚哥在极度疲乏的归途中,遭遇了更加恶劣的环境——鲨鱼。精疲力竭的老人并没有认输,而是接二连三地与成群结队前来残食大鱼的鲨鱼展开了更为惊心动魄的殊死战斗。在鲨鱼面前,猎者成了被猎者,主动的猎取变成了被动的搏杀。桑提亚哥不知自己是死是活,“他合上两只手,摸一摸手掌心,他还觉得活活的痛哩。他把脊背靠在船梢上,才知道自己没有死。”

看着被穷凶极恶的鲨鱼撕咬得越来越残缺不全的马林鱼,知道这将无法挽回,他决定要“跟它们斗到死”。他蔑视死亡,“不管谁杀死谁”,钦佩鲨鱼的“毫不畏惧而且为所欲为”,欣赏它遨游的速度和所向披靡的锋利牙齿,觉得自已也有一颗像海龟一样的心,即使开膛剖腹,也“还要跳动好几个钟头”。于是当一条鲨鱼来进攻的时候,他用鱼叉扎死了它,又有几条鲨鱼追上来,他用绑在桨上的刀一一结果了它们,乃至后来鱼叉被带走了,刀子被折断了,还有许多鲨鱼即将来围攻,老头仍然坚强地支撑着,“只要我有桨,有短棍,有舵把,我就想法去揍死它们。”他承受着精神和肉体的痛苦,拼尽最后的力气和最后一件武器,与鲨鱼搏斗着。看着他一次次奋起高举的刀叉,听着海面上回荡着一阵阵棒击舵劈的巨响,这一幕幕恢宏壮观的搏击场面显示着他的沉着果敢、智慧勇气,他的坚忍和耐力,他的高超的技艺和准确的判断力,他的视死如归的决心……桑提亚哥对对手力量和速度的赞美和赞叹,更表现出了他对自己自我潜能的一种自信。他通过战胜马林鱼、打败鲨鱼证明了自我,真正流露出硬汉、强者、征服者的英雄气!

小说中的大海、马林鱼以及群鲨,都使得桑提亚哥的形象感性而又深 邃 ——桑提亚哥与大海以及大鲨鱼等的殊死搏斗,象征着人类敢于与大自然、命运及邪恶势力抗争的不屈不挠的精神。他似乎秉承了上帝的旨意,满怀英雄的豪情,在这场人与鱼的斗争中,虽然他也知道力量的悬殊,但他依然毫不退缩,反而充满了自豪。桑提亚哥虽然只是一个靠打鱼为生、倒霉背运、饥寒交迫、在海上顽强拼搏的老渔夫,但他的感情是朴素的、健全的、富有人性的。这也正是他不同于其他英雄的突出特点。桑提亚哥以衰年之躯孤独地飘荡到大海深处,去证明自身生存的价值、人格的价值;同时又在大海的怀抱中寻求帮助,受了伤的手在海水中得到医治,心灵在大海中感受到了温馨和力量,构成了一种人与世界矛盾中的和谐。在桑提亚哥身上,生命的意义似乎得到升华,死亡并不可怕,失败也不可怕,问题是要去正视它,甚至征服它。

二.逆境英雄形象的西方文化蕴涵

通过以上对桑提亚哥典型形象的分析,我们能发掘出其精神中蕴涵的西方传统文化精神的内涵。在桑提亚哥“逆境英雄”形象所张扬的那种豪迈阳刚气慨中,回荡着西方传统文化意蕴的昂扬基调,蕴含着西方文化的精神内涵:勇于挑战、征服自然和个人奋斗的观念和精神意识。而这一思想内涵源自于古希腊,它有着数千年的发展历史。基于“天人相分”的西方文化,人与自然的关系是一种对立的关系。人要生存,就必须穷尽自身努力,向自然索取物质生活资料,发掘自然界一切对自已有用的东西。《圣经》中把人解释为世界的主人,西方文化中以人文文化为出发点,重视个人发展,重视人与自然的斗争;“人定胜天”思想是西方文化的'主导精神;冒险进取精神、个人奋斗意识、扩展征服意识是西方文化主流价值观念所在。而且人对环境的支配主要是要靠自已的精神毅力和人格力量来实现的。在历次白炽化的对抗和僵持中,桑提亚哥对对手一次次的赞美和赞叹,更表现出对自我英雄的自信和赞叹,真正流露出一派挑战、征服者的豪迈气慨,不折不扣地表达了这种精神实质。

无论形势多么严峻,情况多么危急,桑提亚哥以惊人的毅力和旺盛的精力,在对抗中殊死搏斗,表现出了逆境中的英雄们临危不惧的优雅风度。老人的这种代表式“英雄”形象传承并演绎了西方主流文化中藐视厄运、并奋力征服厄运的优雅风度。这也是西方主流文化中对人类敢于与命运抗争,并且勇于在抗争中所表现出的勇敢、悲壮和崇高所表述的赞赏和赞叹。

在人与自然的对抗中,虽然人往往是渺小单薄的,但应该以一种超然的态度和勇气面对失败和悲剧,这也才体现出最崇高意义的英雄本色——从容且高傲地直面失败,越战越勇,越挫越奋、毫不气馁。桑提亚哥这种绝不向失败低头,明知不可以而为之,单枪匹马挑战未知世界的拼搏精神,一脉相承地体现了逆境中的英雄傲然、不可征服的信念。这才是人的精神力量的真正所在!

“人是可以被毁灭的,但是不能被打败”,这句话表明了老人的“英雄式”人生态度,同时也赋予了桑提亚哥勇敢、自信、自尊,永不屈服的鲜活性格;弘扬了人的力量、尊严和勇气,也传达了这样一个强烈的信息:世界上最有价值的行为就是个人凭借自已超常的毅力、勇气和智慧挑战自然和命运,以其无畏的高贵行为实现人的价值。不同于以往海明威作品中的完美神话式的英雄们(具有强健的体魄、超人的力量和坚强勇敢)的形象,桑提亚哥显得十分另类与不同(年老体衰、心灵饱受挫伤、面临着严重的生存危机)。海明威通过这样一个悲剧式英雄人物背景的烘托,更完美地突出了英雄内心充满自信和勇敢的性格魅力。

柏拉图说过,勇敢是逆境世界里传出的理想国度的声音,他表现的是勇猛的乐调。分析这些“逆境式”英雄形象的勇猛精神对现代人有着很重要的启迪意义。现代社会中,在求学、工作、生活等方面遇到强大压力时,在面对纷繁复杂的生活百态时,这种硬汉特质和“英雄式”积极的生活态度也正是我们现代人努力寻求的答案。“逆境式”的坚忍不拔、顽强拼搏、永不放弃的英雄精神是人类应该追求的人生观、价值观;自信、自强和自尊是人类永恒存在的价值。

参考文献:

[1]本文对小说的引述选自海观译作,上海译文出版社.

[2]海明威著,吴劳译《海明威文集)[M]. 上海译文出版社,2004.

[3]马·考利.海明威,这头老狮子[M]. 外国散文赏析.保定:河北大学出版社,1993.

[4]熊均选编.《海明威作品精髓》[C]. 石家庄:河北教育出版社,1995(2).

[5]姜帅.《老人与海》中桑提亚哥的硬汉本色.外国文学研究,2010年第4期.

免责声明 :本站文章信息来源于网络转载是出于传递更多信息之目的,并不意味着赞同其观点或证实其内容的真实性。不保证信息的合理性、准确性和完整性,且不对因信息的不合理、不准确或遗漏导致的任何损失或损害承担责任。本网站所有信息仅供参考,不做交易和服务的根据,如自行使用本网资料发生偏差,本站概不负责,亦不负任何法律责任,并保证最终解释权。

海明威与《老人与海》: 《老人与海》的作者海明威于1899年7月21日出生在美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥的郊区,在乡村长大的他,从小就十分热爱大自然,也正是因为有了对大自然的喜爱的基础,才让他创作出《老人与海》这部人与自然的巨著。 在海明威中学毕业后便进入报社成为一名记者,这家报社对语言文字文字有着严格的要求为他后来写作语言的朴实,简洁凝炼打下了坚实的基础。 曾参加过两次世界大战海明威,也是战后的产物,两次战争无论是对他身体还是心理都是影响巨大的。在他不到十九岁的年纪,就在战争中身中两百多片碎弹片,在战争中历经三百多次生死瞬间,依旧勇敢向前,所以《老人与海》的主人翁其实也是海明威自己“硬汉”的真实写照。 也许这部作品不仅仅只是讲述了老人与海的故事,更多的心理活动是海明威在战争时自己的心理活动。 曾经历四次婚姻的海明威,对男女关系也是充满着恐惧的,在很多作品中,爱情最美好的样子都是一方离开人世,所以在《老人与海》中也不例外,老人的妻子是去世了的,也许在海明威心中只有死亡才能保持永恒的美好吧。 《老人与海》概述: 作品《老人与海》讲述了在古巴一名叫圣地哥亚的老人一直在连续八十四天没有捕到鱼后,老人心中没有丝毫放弃的念头,他继续独自出海捕鱼,这一次他遇到了一条比他船还大的大林马鱼作为他的对手,和大林马鱼两天两夜的斗争以后,老人终于战胜了这条美丽的大鱼。 可是在回去的途中,大鱼的血腥味引来了鲨鱼,老人一次又一次地将鲨鱼击退,可是当精疲力尽,伤痕累累的老人回到岸边时,大林马鱼还是被鲨鱼吃得只剩下了骨头。 尽管只剩下骨头,但老人的精神依旧是让人敬佩,老人是一位真正的硬汉英雄。这部作品中的老人所展现出的硬汉精神也正是代表着20世纪西方人的精神。 圣地哥亚的人物形象: 作品中的老人圣地哥亚独自居住在海边简陋的小茅棚里,性格古怪的老人只有小孩一个朋友,作者对老人一系列的外貌描写:“老人看上去消瘦而且憔悴,脖子上有些很深很深的皱纹。”在老人捕鱼的时候,一个人自言自语,因为小孩离开后,没有人陪着他打鱼说话,所以养成了自言自语的习惯,这些从侧面表现出老人内心的孤独。 即便老人是孤独的,可是他的内心是坚强刚毅的,即便肩膀和手都被磨破,年老的躯体不受他控制,他也不曾放弃和大鱼的斗争;即使精疲力尽想睡觉,他也是紧握着与大鱼相连的钓鱼绳,一旦大鱼有动静,立刻醒过来继续战斗。 老人在和大鱼战斗的过程中曾说过一句关于他的人生理念:“人不是为失败而生的,一个人可以被毁灭,但不能被打败。”这一句话就足以将老人坚毅的内心和硬汉形象展现出来。 在群鲨撕咬大鱼的肉时,老人是拼尽全力保护大鱼尸身,用尽力气去攻击每一次来侵略大鱼的鲨鱼,以一人之力让多只鲨鱼丧命,一直到岸边才松一口气,沉沉地睡去。没有输掉此次战争,是因为在老人年老的身躯下有一颗坚韧且永不服输的心,所以说,老人是以硬汉的形象出现在读者眼前,也只有真正的硬汉才能承受住这样的压力和战斗。 天亮后,渔民看到了如此巨大的鱼骨头,虽只剩下鱼骨头,但是通过鱼骨,他们可以猜测到老人经历了怎样的战斗,因此对老人是肃然起敬。老人身上有着不畏艰难、敢于斗争、顽强拼搏和永不放弃的英雄气概,这些精神是令人佩服的。 只带回鱼骨头,对于渔夫来说是失败的,但是老人的态度是:等休息好了,继续和小孩一起捕鱼,在经历海上的一系列惊心动魄的斗争以后,依旧自信乐观,这也是老人圣地哥亚所代表着全人类的一种自信乐观、积极向上的精神。 在作品《老人与海》中,比海明威塑造的圣地哥亚这位人物形象更值得探讨的是他独特的创作特色。 《老人与海》艺术特色: 海明威的“冰山理论”是将写作看成是漂浮在海面上的冰山,作者在作品中所展示的小说情节仅仅只是露出水面的冰山一角,剩下的八分之七冰山,是看不见的,只能让人猜测。这种写作手法,既可以引起读者兴趣和思考,也可以让作品更为含蓄凝炼,有一种艺术之美的享受。 《老人与海》是海明威运用了“冰山理论”的典型之作。小说中老人前半生和妻子的生活没有描述,为什么小孩如此爱老人的原因,也只是用老人教会他很多捕鱼只是一笔带过,老人为什么没有孩子,或者老人的孩子去哪里了也没有交代……这些都是冰山之下,留给读者思考的问题,读者也只能根据作者写的寥寥数语猜测。 读者在猜测的同时,也渐渐被作者带入作品中,随着老人一起在海上与大鱼作斗争,和鲨鱼搏命,最终归来,回复心情的读者还会思考为什么老人能在重压之下可以保持优雅的姿态和乐观向上的精神。 “冰山理论”这种创作方法让《老人与海》这部作品不仅丰富了作品的内涵还增强了感染力,更使之成为诺贝尔文学奖的获奖重要原因之一。 作品中大量运用象征手法,这成为这部作品的一道绚丽色彩。在题目“老人与海”就是一种象征,“老人”代表着人类,“海”代表着大自然,从题目中便可领会作者的寓意,是人类与大自然的斗争。“小孩”代表着希望和未来,所以老人在和大鱼拼搏的时候总是想到小孩,小孩就是他的力量来源。“大鱼”代表着敬佩的敌人,也可能代表着战时海明威遇到的拥有很好品质的敌人,所以在作品中老人很欣赏大鱼的品质,鲨鱼代表着自然界的神秘力量…… 还有多次出现在老人梦中的狮子,这是王者的象征,也是强者的代表,狮子是老人内心的象征,垂垂老矣的身躯中有一颗强者的内心,这也是老人可以和自然界神秘力量匹敌的动力。 老人真的战胜自然界了吗?大鱼被自然界吃光,只剩下骨头,显然老人并没有战胜自然界,这也是作者在作品里面隐藏的思想:人类应该和自然和谐共处,而不是二者相互争锋。 除了“冰山理论”和象征手法的运用,还运用了电报叙事,通过一种客观,简练的文风把故事呈现给读者,弱化作者在作品中的痕迹。并且在作品中,大多数都是运用上帝视角写作,这让作品中的情景全方位的呈现在读者眼前,让故事具有画面感,读者读起来更能身临其境,想象出与文字相应的画面,同时也增添了作品生动有趣。 海明威在语言方面受到马克.吐温影响巨大,所以他的作品不像当时美国作品中有着华丽的辞藻,他省去了那些华而不实的词语,更多的运用短词、短句写作,形成了一种干净利落、简洁明了的文风。通过口语化的语言和人物的对话,让读者有身临其境之感,更是让读者在这些短句中抓住这冰山一角,去揣摩剩下的八分之七的故事。 比如在作品中老人与孩子的一段对话:“不过你应该记得,你有一次,有差不多八十多天钓不到一条鱼。然后就跟着有三个星期,我们每天都钓了好大的鱼呢。”“我记得的,”老人说,“我知道你不是怕失败才离开我的。”在这段对话中我们便可以得知老人过去的大鱼经历,也可以体会到孩子鼓励着老人,对老人有信心,以及不能和老人一起打鱼不开心的情绪。弱国展开想象,在这段话中其实也包含了另一个老人与海的故事,更是为老人在第八十五天捕到一条大鱼做了铺垫。 在海明威笔下运用如此简单明了的口语化对话来讲述故事,让读者在阅读中不会有任何障碍,这便让更多读者可以阅读他的作品,理解他的作品。 《老人与海》这部作品能以如此少的字数获得诺贝尔文学奖,绝不是一个奇迹,这部作品中所蕴涵的思想精神以及文学创作都值得我们继续探索。这部作品带给世人的是一种积极向上的精神,还有更多的意蕴,犹如冰山一般,埋藏在我们看不见的地方,让我们每一次阅读这部作品都会有新的发现,它具有着永恒的生命力,将一直流传在世间。

相关百科

热门百科

首页
发表服务