建筑基桩检测论文

谈公路工程软基处理中PHC桩检测工作

论文关键词：公路工程软基处理PHC桩试验检测

论文摘 要 ：PHC桩应用于公路工程软基处理，已有多个年头，从应用到公路工程建设领域后，对于质量检测工作一直为人们所关注、重视。由于试验检测工作的准确性直接决定了软基处理质量，因此，必须确保试验数据和检测工作的质量。为了达到这一目的，必须对检测工作的各项要求进行了解掌握，下面，本人将结合自身检测工作经验，和大家一起来探讨一下关于PHC桩的各个检测事宜。  PHC桩（预应力砼管桩）在当今公路工程施工建设中，作为主要的软基处理方式之一，并不少见。对于其施工技术的和控制，目前已趋成熟，部、建设部近年来不断对PHC桩相关规范进行更新、修订，使其生产和施工得到了较好控制。然而，对于一名刚刚涉及试验检测工作的技术人员来说，如何对PHC桩进行进场检测，及如何在施打完成后对其进行事后检测，都是初次接触检测工作时必须面对的一个个问题。为了让更多初入行者能更快、更全面掌握PHC桩相关检测事宜，本人结合自身多年试验检测工作经验，从实践和便于监控检测的角度出发，对PHC桩的检测要求和相关检测事宜作一些和归纳。 一、进场质量主要检测要求 管桩无论是委托预制或是直接购买，都要把好原质量关，对于委托的单位或是购买的预制场家均应具备高强预应力管桩加工生产的施工资质，确定厂家前应会同监理、业主等前往实地认真考察，并了解该厂以前生产的产品使用效果，确保是正规的、合格的生产厂家。如果直接购买已有的产品，则在生产场地对产品进行认真论证，反复推敲?，各种证件、手续一应俱全，成品桩的外观应无蜂窝、露筋、裂缝、色感均匀、桩顶处无裂隙，桩径、管壁厚度、桩尖中心线、顶面平整度、桩体弯曲等规范有强制性要求的，必须符合有关要求，管桩起吊中应免受振动、冲撞，确保运至现场的产品是合格的产品。 管桩运到工地后，应对进入工地的所有管桩的规格、型号、尺寸、外观质量、尺寸偏差、管桩堆放及桩身破损情况等进行全面检查，不符合要求的桩禁止使用。应由有资质的检测单位对进入施工场地的管桩进行随机见证抽样检测，检测应符合下列规定： （一）沉桩前，每个厂家生产的每一种桩型随机抽取一节管桩桩节进行破坏性检测，检测项目为预应力钢筋的搞拉强度、钢筋数量、钢筋直径（可检查每延米重量）、钢筋布置、端板材质及厚度、尺寸偏差、外观质量、钢筋保护层厚度等。当抽检结果出现不符合质量要求时，应加倍检测，若再发现不合格的桩节，该批管桩不准使用并必须撤离现场。未经抽检不得施工工程桩。 （二）沉桩过程中每栋物应随机抽查已截下的桩头，进行钢筋数量、钢筋直径、预应力钢筋抗拉强度、钢筋布置、端板尺寸及钢筋保护层厚度的检测，检测数量每单体工程不应小于总管桩数的1%，且不得少于3根。 （三）应对闭口桩尖的钢板厚度、桩尖尺寸、焊缝质量等进行检测，检测数量每栋建筑物不应少于总桩数的1%，且不应少于2个桩尖。 工程桩施工前应按有关规定进行单桩竖向抗压静载荷试验，并应压至破坏。当拟采用高应变法进行单桩竖向抗压承载力的验收检测时，应先对试桩进行高应变检测，再进行单桩竖向静载荷试验并压至破坏，取得可靠的动静对比资料后，方可在验收检测中实施高应变法。对比试验数量不应少于3根，当预估总桩数少于50根时，不应少于2根。 二、单桩静载试验检测要求 当岩土工程条件简单且以压桩力控制桩长或岩石土工程条件简单且有类似经验时，可用工程桩进行单桩竖向抗压静载荷试验，但应按有关规定增加一倍的检测数量，检测应符合下列规定： （一）单栋建筑物每一条件下的桩的试验数量不应少于6根（总桩数少于50根时，不少于4根），其中有3根（总桩数少于50根时为2根）应在大量工程桩施工前进行试验。 （二）岩土工程条件相同的同一场地多栋物，当工程桩条件相同时，每栋建筑物的试验数量不应少于2根，且每一施工单位所施工桩的检测数量不应少于6根。其中每栋建筑物有1根，每个施工单位有3根桩应在大量工程桩施工前进行试验。高层建筑及试验结果离散性较大时，应由设计单位酌情增加试验数量。 （三）除去施工前进行的试验外，余下的试验宜在工程桩施工完成并按桩顶设计标高截桩后随机抽检试验；当基坑开挖较深、坑内试验困难时，也可由设计单位指定桩位，在工程桩施工过程中进行试验。 （四）单栋建筑物某一条件下的桩总数少于30根，且为裙楼、附楼下的次要桩时，至少应进行一根桩的静载荷试验。 （五）当按上述要求进行试验后，在施工正常的情况下，工程桩可不再进行单桩承载力的验收。 （六）不应采用高应变法部分或全部取代上述单桩竖向抗压静载荷试验的检测。所有工程桩应逐根对桩孔内壁进行灯光照射目测或孔内摄影检查，观察孔内是否进土、渗水，有无明显破损、错位、挠曲现象，并作出详细记录，注明发现缺陷的位置以及进土、进水的深度。 三、桩位、垂直度、水平位移的主要检测要求 （一）工程桩的`桩顶标高应进行检验，其偏差不应超过+20mm、-50mm。 （二）开挖基坑中应对工程桩的外露桩头或在桩孔内进行桩身垂直度检测，抽检数量不应少于总桩数的5%，在基坑开挖中如发现土体位移或运行影响桩身垂直度时，应加大检测数量。对倾斜率大于3%的桩不应使用：对倾斜率为1%~2%（含2%）及2%~3%的桩宜分别进行各不少于2根的单桩竖向抗压静载荷试验，并将试验得出的单桩抗压承载力乘以折减系数，作为该批桩的使用依据。载荷试验最大加载最量应为设计要求的单桩极限承载力，试验中可同时进行桩顶水平位移的测量。 四、桩身完整性检测主要要求 工程桩应进行桩身完整性的验收检测。采用低应变法检测时，甲级设计等级的桩基，抽栓数量不应小于总桩数的30%，且不应少于20根。其他桩基抽检数量不应少于总桩数的20%，且不应少于10根。 每个承台下抽检的桩数不应少于1根，且单桩、两桩承台下的桩应全数检测。抗拔桩、以桩身强度控制设计的抗压桩、超过25层的高层建筑基桩及倾斜度大于1%的桩应全数检测。当采用低应变法检测桩身完整性时，应符合以下规定： （一）出现裂缝和缺陷的永久结构的抗拔桩或以承受水平力为主的桩应意在为III类或IV类桩。 （二）桩身的混凝土受损及桩身出现斜裂缝或垂直裂缝的受压桩应判为III类或IV类桩。 （三）桩身出现轻微缺陷的受压桩宜先判为III类桩，最终判定桩的类别时，应挖开浅部的缺陷进行检查核对，结合低应变波形判别评价。挖开检查时，当裂缝长度小于桩截面周长的1/3且为水平裂缝时，可将相似波形的桩改判为II类桩。 五、结束语 总之，作为一名合格的试验检测技术人员，除了要对各种试验检测规程、检测规范的要求做到了如指掌之外，更重要的，要注得自身工作经验和专业技术的提高，因为当一组不合格的数据由于个人经验不足出现误判时，给工程带来的，往往是质量事故的发生。因此，作为质量评判的主要角色，我们必须严阵以待，谨小慎微，认真做好专业经验的培养和检测技能的提高，只有这样，才能为工程建设质量保驾护航。 参考文献： 1.建筑地基与基础施工质量验收规范GB50202-2002[S] 2.卢春华.静压高强度预应力混凝土管桩施工技术[J].科技情报,2005

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低应变反射波法Low Strain Reflection Wave Method桩身完整性检测Inspection of pile integrity桩基础|pile foundation高层建筑 High-rise buildings(分类词汇：环境资源相关 )大型桥梁super-large bridges 深水码头Deep Water Wharf海上石油平台Offshore oil platform建筑结构building structure施工construction非线性弹性材料nonlinear elastic materials桩基工程质量问题这篇虽然是科技论文，但是我觉得他翻译成“pile foundation quality question”很不妥当，我将他修改成problems of pile foundation quality,，从汉语语法之角度考虑，这里的问题两个字是多余的，去掉更好，你自己看看吧！不确定性因素Incertitude Factors基桩Foundation Pile隐蔽性(Impercephbility)axial strain轴向应变研究热点research hotspot(也有用point的)桩身缺陷位置 positions of pile defects定性估计 qualitative estimation混凝土强度等级concrete strength gradethe signal of reflected_wave curve反射波曲线信号工程隐患Project Concealed Harzard一维波动模型one-way fluctuant model控制体(control volume),本构关系 constitutive relationFORTRAN语言编制程序program written in FORTRAN language响应时程曲线波形时程曲线response time history curvePile foundation is widely used as the main basic structure of high-rise buildings，super-large bridges，deep water wharf and Offshore oil platform. During recent years，there are many bases of pile foundation quality affecting the normal working and safety of the building structures. Pile construction has high impercephbility and whose quality presents many incertitude factors，from an angel of qualitative inspection of the foundation piles, it has important significance for ensuring the quality and safety of foundation pile projects to modify the inspection methods and improving the inspection quality and the reliability of inspection & assessment results，it is also one of the research hotspots in foundation pile field. The main functions of low strain reflection wave method is to inspect the pile integrity, such as the judgment of pile defects positions, the checkout of pile lengths, and the qualitative estimation of the concrete strength grade，the judgment of the pile quality using the signal of reflected_wave curve accurately, the elimination of the project concealed harzard，and the estimation of foundation pile quality. This paper studied on the low strain reflection wave method for measuring of pile integrity made of Kelvin nonlinear elastic materials, set up a new one-way fluctuant model to treat the problems of piles made of Kelvin nonlinear elastic materials, gave out a dynamics equation of control volume，and induced the relation between pile axial forces and axial strain using the constitutive relation of one-way nonlinear elastic materials, put forward a new calculation method for the fluctuation of one-way nonlinear elastic materials, simulated the pile-top speed response time history curve (or displacement, acceleration) numerically using program written in FORTRAN language, finally the author set up a curve database of the foundation piles existing integrity problem for the integrity inspection of foundation piles in the future.

桩基础 has the widespread application domain, is the high-rise construction, the large-scale bridge, the deep water wharf as well as the marine petroleum platform and so on use main foundation form. In recent years, 桩基 the project quality question influence construction structure normal use and the safe instance were very many. The pile construction has the high hiding as well as the pile construction quality has very many not definite factor, looked from 基桩 the quality examination angle, the improvement examination method and the method, improve the examination work quality and the examination evaluates the result the reliability, to guarantees 基桩 the project quality and safely has the vital significance, also is 桩基 one of domain research hot spots.The low strain reflection method main function examines the pile body structure integrity, like the pile body flaw position judgement, 施工桩 long proofreading and the concrete intensity rank qualitative estimate and so on, the use obtains the reflected wave curve signal accurately to delimit breaks the pile body quality, removes the project hidden danger, to 基桩 the quality carries on the appraisal. This article has conducted the research to the Kelvin non-linearity elastic material 料桩 body integrity examination low strain reflected wave new method. Establishes the Kelvin non- line elastic material 料桩 question the unidimensional undulation new model; Produced has controlled the body the dynamic equation, the use unidimensional non-linear elasticity this construction relations infers the pile axial force and the axial strain relations, proposed the unidimensional non-linear elastic undulation question new algorithm; Uses the FORTRAN language coding, the value simulation 基桩 桩顶 speed (or displacement, acceleration) responds the time interval curve profile; Finally 基桩 builds each kind of profile storehouse to the complete existence question, will use in 基桩 the complete examination service for later. As well as low strain reflection method; The pile body integrity examines 2 words

A foundation has the extensively applied realm, is key figures building, large bridge, deep wharf of water and sea the petroleum terrace main foundation form that etc. adoption.In recent years, a 基 engineering quantity problem influence building structure of the case of the normal usage and safety is a lot of.The construction of the stake have the concealment of the height and the construction quantity of the stakes contain a lot of indeterminations factor, seeing from the angle of a quantity of 基 examination, the method and meanses of the improvement examination, the credibility that the exaltation examination work quantity and examinations assess the result, have the important meaning towards the quantity and safeties that insure an engineering of 基s, is also a research heat of 基 realm to order it a. The low contingency reflect a function with main method is to examine a body structure integrity, if a body blemish position judgment, construction the stake grows to check to settle sex to estimate the etc. with the concrete strength grade, making use of to measure glint a curve signal rows to break a body quantity accurately, expeling the engineering 隐 to suffer from, carrying on the evaluation to the quantity of the stake of 基 . This text to the Kelvin not the glint a new method of low contingency of the flexible material a body of line complete sex examination carried on the research. Build up the new model of the Kelvin non- line flexible material an a 维 of the problem motion;Give square distance of the control dynamics of the body, make use of a 维 not the line flexibility originally 构 the relation deduce a stalk toward dint and stalks toward emergency relation, putting forward a 维 not the line flexibility undulates new calculate way of problem;Adopt the FORTRAN language establishment procedure, the number imitates a speed( or move, acceleration) to respond to a form of the timing curve;Exist an establishment of 基 of problem to rise various form database to the integrity finally, is hereafter used for a complete sex examination service. And low contingency glint a method;A body integrity examines 2 phrases